{"id":107,"date":"2006-11-07T12:41:16","date_gmt":"2006-11-07T12:41:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:10081\/?p=107 "},"modified":"2006-11-07T12:41:16","modified_gmt":"2006-11-07T12:41:16","slug":"107-revision-v1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/?p=107","title":{"rendered":"\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u5b98\u5458\u8c08\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u534e\u653f\u7b56\u5386\u53f2"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u56fd\u9645\u4fe1\u606f\u5c40

<\/SPAN><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/TD><\/TR>\r\n
9\u670825\u65e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u516c\u5e03\u7535\u5b50\u7248«\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u5916\u5173\u7cfb\u6587\u732e\uff0c1969-1976\uff0cE-13\u5377\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6863\u6848\uff0c 1969-1972»(Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969-1976, Volume E-13, Documents on China, 1969-1972)\u3002E-13\u5377\u548c8\u670831\u65e5\u516c\u5e03\u7684«\u5bf9\u5916\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u7b2c17\u5377\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c1969-1972»(Foreign Relations, 1969-1976, Volume XVII, China, 1969-1972)\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u62ab\u9732\u4e86\u5c3c\u514b\u677e\u603b\u7edf\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u4e8b\u52a1\u52a9\u7406\u57fa\u8f9b\u683c\u7684\u534f\u52a9\u4e0b\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u63a5\u89e6\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u7ecf\u8fc7\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u732e\u529e\u516c\u5ba4(Office of the Historian)\u4e0e\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u534e\u76db\u987f\u5927\u5b66(The George Washington University)\u4e8e9\u670825\u65e5\u81f327\u65e5\u4ee5\\”\u5316\u89e3\u51b7\u6218\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c1969-1980\\”(Transforming the Cold War: The United States and China, 1969-1980)\u4e3a\u9898\u8054\u5408\u4e3e\u884c\u5b66\u672f\u8ba8\u8bba\u4f1a\u3002\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u6cd5\u5f8b\u987e\u95ee\u83f2\u5229\u666e\u00b7\u6cfd\u5229\u79d1(Philip Zelikow)\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u4f1a\u4e0a\u5c31\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u534e\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u8bb2\u8bdd\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u8bb2\u8bdd\u7a3f\u7684\u8bd1\u6587\uff0c\u7531\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u56fd\u9645\u4fe1\u606f\u5c40(IIP)\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002


\u7f8e\u4e2d\u5173\u7cfb\u53f2\u8ba8\u8bba\u4f1a \uff1a\u7ed3\u675f\\”\u5927\u504f\u79bb\\”\u65f6\u671f

\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u6cd5\u5f8b\u987e\u95ee\u83f2\u5229\u666e\u00b7\u6cfd\u5229\u79d1
\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u7f8e\u4e2d\u5173\u7cfb\u53f2\u8ba8\u8bba\u4f1a\u53d1\u8a00\u7a3f
\u534e\u76db\u987f\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u7279\u533a(Washington, DC)
2006\u5e749\u670825\u65e5

\u5973\u58eb\u4eec\u3001\u5148\u751f\u4eec\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u80fd\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8ba8\u8bba\u4f1a\u4e0a\u53d1\u8a00\u662f\u6211\u7684\u8363\u5e78\u3002\u6211\u9996\u5148\u611f\u8c22\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u732e\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u5982\u4e00\u65e5\uff0c\u4e3a\u4fdd\u5b58\u548c\u516c\u5e03\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u5916\u5173\u7cfb\u8d44\u6599\u5b5c\u5b5c\u4e0d\u5026\u5730\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002

\u4f60\u4eec\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u5377\u6863\u6848\u6c47\u96c6\u7684\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u732e\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u5df2\u9010\u6b65\u627f\u62c5\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6536\u96c6\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u804c\u8d23\uff0c\u9664\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6c47\u96c6\u4e86\u767d\u5bab\u548c\u6211\u56fd\u5404\u60c5\u62a5\u673a\u6784\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u6599\u7531\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u8d1f\u8d23\u6536\u85cf\uff0c\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u6211\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u5b9d\u5e93\u3002

\u8c08\u5230\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u732e\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u548c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u8ba8\u8bba\u4f1a\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6211\u9700\u8981\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5b98\u65b9\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u53c2\u52a0\u8fd9\u6b21\u8ba8\u8bba\u4f1a\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e76\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u672c\u5c4a\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u7f8e\u4e2d\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u77e5\u540d\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5982\u6c83\u4f26\u00b7\u79d1\u6069(Warren Cohen)\u548c\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u00b7\u4ea8\u7279(Michael Hunt)\u7b49\u4e5f\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u672c\u5c4a\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u6210\u5c31\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u8d62\u5f97\u5fb7\u9ad8\u671b\u91cd\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5ef6\u7eed\u5230\u4eca\u5929\u3002\u5b66\u754c\u4eba\u58eb\u5bf9\u653f\u5e9c\u63d0\u51fa\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u89c1\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u6b63\u5e38\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u3002

\u5f53\u5e74\u6211\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u987e\u95ee\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a(Historical Advisory Committee)\u4efb\u804c\uff0c\u6211\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4f4d\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u7c4d\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u7684\u4efb\u547d\u3002\u4e0d\u8bba\u5f53\u65f6\u662f\u54ea\u4e00\u5c4a\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u90fd\u5e38\u5e38\u636e\u7406\u529b\u4e89\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5f3a\u70c8\u5730\u8981\u6c42\u89e3\u5bc6\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c06\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u7eb3\u5165\u516c\u5171\u6863\u6848\uff0c\u5e76\u547c\u5401\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u5207\u5b9e\u53d7\u5230\u91cd\u89c6\u3002

\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u732e\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u8ba8\u8bba\u4f1a\u53d1\u6325\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0d\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b98\u65b9\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u5c65\u884c\u5b98\u65b9\u7684\u804c\u80fd\u3002\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd9\u6b21\u8ba8\u8bba\u4f1a\u80fd\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u732e\u90e8\u95e8\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u670b\u53cb\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u6811\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u5404\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u63a2\u7d22\u5f53\u4ee3\u5386\u53f2\u654f\u611f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5178\u8303\u3002

\u6211\u8fd8\u8981\u80af\u5b9a\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u7f8e\u4e2d\u5173\u7cfb\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u8d44\u6599\u548c\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u8d28\u91cf\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u624b\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u5341\u5206\u4f18\u5f02\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c0f\u5fc3\u6c42\u8bc1\u7684\u4f5c\u98ce\u53d7\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4f60\u5982\u679c\u77e5\u9053\u6709\u4eba\u4f1a\u9010\u5b57\u9010\u53e5\u5ba1\u67e5\u4f60\u5199\u7684\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u52a8\u7b14\u65f6\u5c31\u4f1a\u683c\u5916\u5c0f\u5fc3\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4fdd\u6301\u4e25\u8c28\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u8fd8\u6709\u516c\u5171\u90e8\u95e8\u4e0e\u6c11\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u5b66\u672f\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u60a0\u4e45\u4f20\u7edf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u65af\u5766\u5229\u00b7\u970d\u6069\u8d1d\u514b(Stanley Hornbeck)\u83b7\u6821\u957f\u6d1b\u5384\u5c14(President Lowell)\u9996\u80af\uff0c\u4ece\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66(Harvard) \u8d74\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u4efb\u516c\u804c\u3002\u53e6\u6709\u5df2\u8f9e\u4e16\u7684\u5409\u59c6\u00b7\u6c64\u59c6\u68ee(Jim Thomson)\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u57c3\u5179\u62c9\u00b7\u6c83\u683c\u5c14(Ezra Vogel)\u3001\u80af\u00b7\u5229\u4f2f\u7d22\u5c14(Ken Lieberthal)\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u8bb8\u8bb8\u591a\u591a\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u752b\u4efb\u526f\u52a9\u7406\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u7684\u6c64\u59c6\u00b7\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u5766\u68ee(Tom Christensen) \uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66(Princeton University)\u3002

\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u8fdb\u5165\u6b63\u9898\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u9700\u8981\u5f3a\u8c03\u4eca\u5929\u4e3e\u884c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8ba8\u8bba\u4f1a\u6070\u9022\u5176\u65f6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u51e0\u4e4e\u6574\u6574\u4e00\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u9c8d\u52c3\u00b7\u6cfd\u5965\u5229\u514b(Bob Zoellick)\u5728\u53bb\u5e749\u6708\uff0c2005\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u8bb2\u8bdd\u8c08\u5230\u7f8e\u4e2d\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u73b0\u72b6\uff0c\u8c08\u5230\u7f8e\u4e2d\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u786e\u5b9e\u5df2\u8fdb\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u548c\u8bf8\u4f4d\u51b3\u7b56\u4eba\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u505a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6b63\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u6b21\u8ba8\u8bba\u4f1a\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u3002

\u8bda\u7136\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6709\u5173\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u8f7d\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u8d28\u7591\u3002\u6211\u66fe\u7ffb\u9605\u4e00\u4e9b\u5bf9\u6b64\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u8bb0\u8f7d\u7684\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u5076\u7136\u53d1\u73b0\u65f6\u4efb\u56fd\u9632\u90e8\u957f\u7684\u54c8\u7f57\u5fb7\u00b7\u5e03\u6717(Harold Brown)\u57281980\u5e741\u6708\u521d\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e2d\u56fd\u540e\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u6bb5\u5f88\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e2d\u56fd\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u5bf9\u8bbf\u534e\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e2d\u56fd\u95ee\u9898\u4e13\u5bb6\u4eec\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u9ad8\u4f30\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u524d\u666f\u3002«\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5»(The New York Times)\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u63f4\u5f15\u8fd9\u4f4d\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff1a\\”\u4f60\u4eec\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u771f\u53ef\u7231\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f60\u4eec\u5f88\u5065\u5fd8\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fd9\u4e48\u5feb\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8fd9\u4e48\u8f7b\u6613\u5730\u5fd8\u8bb0\u8fc7\u53bb\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\\”\u8fd9\u6b21\u8ba8\u8bba\u4f1a\u81f3\u5c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u589e\u8fdb\u6211\u56fd\u6709\u65f6\u88ab\u5fd8\u5374\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u52c9\u529b\u4e3a\u4e4b\u3002

\u8bf7\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u91cd\u6e29\u4ee5\u5f80\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff1a\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5173\u7cfb\u6b63\u5e38\u5316\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u53d1\u751f\uff1b\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e0c\u671b\u4ece\u5173\u7cfb\u6b63\u5e38\u5316\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e9b\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5177\u6709\u9c9c\u660e\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u7684\u671f\u671b\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1b\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5386\u53f2\u5ef6\u7eed\u81f3\u4eca\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u5f71\u54cd\u3002

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5173\u7cfb\u6b63\u5e38\u5316\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u53d1\u751f\uff1f

\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7406\u6240\u5f53\u7136\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u5e0c\u671b\u5b9e\u73b0\u7f8e\u4e2d\u5173\u7cfb\u6b63\u5e38\u5316\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\u7ed3\u679c\u957f\u671f\u7591\u8651\u91cd\u91cd\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u4e00\u8d2f\u5e0c\u671b\u5b9e\u73b0\u90a6\u4ea4\u6b63\u5e38\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u524d\u666f\u62ff\u634f\u4e0d\u51c6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6765\u81ea\u65e5\u672c\u3001\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u3001\u82cf\u8054\u7b49\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u53d1\u51fa\u4e86\u79cd\u79cd\u544a\u8beb\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8\u4e4b\u524d\u5fc5\u987b\u52a0\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u3002

\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u8003\u5bdf\u7f8e\u56fd\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8c08\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u8d2f\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u59a8\u56de\u987e\u4e00\u4e0b\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u00b7\u5c3c\u514b\u677e(Richard Nixon)\u672c\u4eba\u53d1\u6325\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5c3c\u514b\u677e\u5bf9\u4e9a\u6d32\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u751a\u4e8e\u4ed6\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u5fd8\u8bb0\uff0c\u5c3c\u514b\u677e\u6765\u81ea\u897f\u90e8\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u660e\u663e\u5e26\u6709\u73af\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u4e0e\u4ea8\u5229\u00b7\u57fa\u8f9b\u683c(Henry Kissinger)1969\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u5386\u7a0b\u5927\u76f8\u5f84\u5ead\u3002

\u5c3c\u514b\u677e\u81ea\u5e7c\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u52a0\u5229\u798f\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5dde(California)\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u671f\u95f4\u5728\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u5730\u533a\u670d\u5f79\uff0c\u672a\u8d74\u6b27\u6d32\u6218\u573a\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u5171\u548c\u515a\u5185\u5ea6\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e2a\u4eba\u6210\u957f\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa40\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u548c50\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u5171\u548c\u515a\u975e\u5e38\u5173\u6ce8\u4e9a\u6d32\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5171\u548c\u515a\u9886\u8896\u9c8d\u52c3\u00b7\u5854\u592b\u8131(Bob Taft)\u5373\u662f\u5178\u578b\u4eba\u7269\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u56e0\u53cd\u5bf9\u5317\u7ea6\uff0c\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5b64\u7acb\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5c31\u7f8e\u56fd\u53c2\u4e0e\u6b27\u6d32\u4e8b\u52a1\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5854\u592b\u8131\u7b49\u5171\u548c\u515a\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5b64\u7acb\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8c08\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u53c2\u4e0e\u6d89\u53ca\u4e1c\u4e9a\u524d\u9014\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u5219\u51b3\u4e0d\u662f\u5b64\u7acb\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u5176\u653f\u7b56\u65b9\u7565\u975e\u5e38\u79ef\u6781\u4e3b\u52a8\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5c3c\u514b\u677e\u6df1\u5f97\u5176\u4e2d\u4e09\u6627\u3002\u5c3c\u514b\u677e\u6210\u4e3a\u5fb7\u6000\u7279\u00b7\u827e\u68ee\u8c6a\u5a01\u5c14(Dwight Eisenhower)\u7684\u526f\u603b\u7edf\u540e\uff0c\u4e9a\u6d32\u65e0\u7591\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u5fd7\u6027\u8981\u52a1\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4ed6\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5173\u6ce81953\u5e74\u548c1954\u5e74\u5370\u5ea6\u652f\u90a3\u534a\u5c9b\u7684\u8d70\u52bf\u548c\u540e\u6765\u827e\u68ee\u8c6a\u5a01\u5c14\u653f\u5e9c\u6267\u653f\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u53f0\u6d77\u5371\u673a\u3002

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c3c\u514b\u677e\u62c5\u4efb\u603b\u7edf\u540e\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u4e00\u8d2f\u5173\u6ce8\u4e9a\u6d32\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u4e9a\u6d32\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u4e86\u5982\u6307\u638c\uff0c\u4e14\u5174\u8da3\u9887\u6d53\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0a\u4efb\u4ec5\u51e0\u4e2a\u661f\u671f\u540e\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u56fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\uff0c\u5df2\u5f00\u59cb\u8c08\u5230\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u89e3\u51bb\u7684\u8bbe\u60f3\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u4f1a\u89c1\u6234\u9ad8\u4e50\u603b\u7edf\u65f6\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\\”\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u76f8\u5f53\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u60c5\u7ed3\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8d5e\u6210\u82cf\u7f8e\u7f13\u548c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e3b\u5f20\u82cf\u8054\u3001\u6b27\u6d32\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u8054\u624b\u5bf9\u4ed8\u4e2d\u56fd\\”\u3002«\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u5916\u5173\u7cfb\u6587\u732e»\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u8fd9\u6bb5\u8bdd\u3002 \u5bf9\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u7684\u8fd9\u756a\u6307\u8d23\u6709\u4e0d\u5b9e\u4e4b\u865e\uff0c\u4e3a\u5c3c\u514b\u677e\u65e5\u540e\u53d1\u8868\u8bc4\u8bba\u6811\u7acb\u4e86\u6240\u8c13\\”\u7a3b\u8349\u4eba\\”(straw man)\u7684\u5047\u60f3\u9776\u6807\u3002\u636e«\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u5916\u5173\u7cfb\u6587\u732e»\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u5c3c\u514b\u677e\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4ee5\u6297\u8861\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e3a\u610f\u56fe\u7684\u7f13\u548c\uff0c\\”\u4f5c\u4e3a\u77ed\u671f\u653f\u7b56\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u76ca\uff0c\u4f46\u4ece\u957f\u8ba1\u8bae\uff0c\u627f\u8ba4\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u82cf\u8054\u90fd\u5c5e\\’\u5f3a\u56fd\\’\uff0c\u7b26\u5408\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0e\\’\u4e24\u56fd\u5efa\u7acb\u5e73\u884c\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\\’\u3002\\”

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\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u8c08\u8c08\u57fa\u8f9b\u683c\u7684\u610f\u56fe\u3002\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u70b9\u70b9\u6ef4\u6ef4\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bf4\u660e\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u57fa\u8f9b\u683c\u7684\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u8bbe\u60f3\u4ee5\u82cf\u8054\u548c\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5730\u7f18\u653f\u6cbb\u5747\u52bf\u4e3a\u91cd\u70b9\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u89e3\u51bb\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u73af\u8282\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u65b0\u516c\u5e03\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u5377«\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u5916\u5173\u7cfb\u6587\u732e»\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4e86\u57fa\u8f9b\u683c\u57281971\u5e7410\u6708\u4f1a\u89c1\u5468\u6069\u6765\u540e\u56de\u56fd\u590d\u547d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u57fa\u8f9b\u683c\u5bf9\u5c3c\u514b\u677e\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e4b\u884c\\”\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u60a8\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u652f\u67f1\uff0c\u603b\u7edf\u5148\u751f\u3002\u60a8\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u826f\u597d\u63a5\u5f85\uff0c\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u60a8\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u826f\u597d\u63a5\u5f85\uff0c\u60a8\u5c06\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u4f53\u9762\u7684\u516c\u62a5\uff0c\u60a8\u8fd8\u5728\u4e0e\u4fc4\u56fd\u4eba\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u4fc4\u56fd\u4e4b\u884c\u5c06\u83b7\u5f97\u5de8\u5927\u6210\u529f\u3002\\” \u5f53\u65f6\u4ed6\u4eec\u5df2\u5728\u8003\u86511972\u5e74\u6625\u7684\u884c\u7a0b\u3002 \u53c8\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c3c\u514b\u677e\u548c\u57fa\u8f9b\u683c\u5728\u8bbf\u534e\u524d\u5915\u6709\u4e00\u573a\u957f\u8fbe\u6570\u5c0f\u65f6\u7684\u8c08\u8bdd\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u53d1\u4eba\u6df1\u7701\u3002\u5e78\u597d\u8fd9\u6b21\u8c08\u8bdd\u6709\u5f55\u97f3\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u8d1f\u8d23\u8fd9\u4e00\u5377«\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u5916\u5173\u7cfb\u6587\u732e»\u7684\u7f16\u7e82\u4eba\u5458\u8d39\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u529f\u592b\u5c06\u5f55\u97f3\u6574\u7406\u6210\u6587\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u57fa\u8f9b\u683c\u8bf4\uff1a\\”\u4eca\u540e15\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u534e\u5236\u4fc4\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5b8c\u5168\u975e\u60c5\u7eea\u5316\u5730\u91c7\u53d6\u8fd9\u79cd\u5236\u8861\u7684\u8c0b\u7565\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u501f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5236\u7ea6\u4fc4\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u4fc4\u65b9\u5c31\u8303\u3002\\”

\u63a5\u7740\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u6b21\u8c08\u8bdd\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c3c\u514b\u677e\u8c08\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u63a5\u5f85\u4e00\u4f4d\u975e\u6d32\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u8bbf\u534e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u57fa\u8f9b\u683c\u5219\u5c06\u8c08\u8bdd\u62c9\u56de\u4ed6\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\uff1a\\”\u603b\u7edf\u5148\u751f\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6211\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u76ee\u524d\u9700\u8981\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u662f\u5229\u7528\u4e2d\u56fd\u5236\u8861\u4fc4\u56fd\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5176\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u7b56\u3002\\”\u5c3c\u514b\u677e\u603b\u7edf\u8bf4\u4ed6\u8868\u793a\u540c\u610f\u3002\u57fa\u8f9b\u683c\u53c8\u8bf4\uff1a\\”\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5236\u8861\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u6682\u65f6\u7ef4\u6301\u5176\u5728\u6b21\u5927\u9646\u53d1\u6325\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4f46\u603b\u4e4b\u9700\u8981\u6210\u4e3a\u5236\u8861\u4fc4\u56fd\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e[\u4e2d\u56fd]\u5c1a\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u5168\u7403\u6027\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u6709\u5229\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u76ee\u524d\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5f62\u6210\u5168\u7403\u6027\u5b9e\u529b\u3002\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u9632\u8303\u4fc4\u56fd\u5bf9\u5176\u5f31\u8089\u5f3a\u98df\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u4fc4\u56fd\u63a7\u5236\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u540e\u679c\u975e\u540c\u5c0f\u53ef\u3002\\”\u4ee5\u4e0a\u662f\u57fa\u8f9b\u683c\u9648\u8ff0\u81ea\u5df1\u89c1\u89e3\u7684\u7247\u65ad\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u5370\u8c61\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u770b\u770b\u5c3c\u514b\u677e\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u3002\u4ed6\u6301\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u66f4\u5e26\u6709\u6839\u672c\u6027\uff0c\u66f4\u5177\u6709\u7a76\u672c\u6eaf\u6e90\u7684\u610f\u56fe\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u636e\u9a6c\u6b47\u5c14\u00b7\u683c\u6797(Marshall Green)\u56de\u5fc6\uff0c\u5c3c\u514b\u677e\u66fe\u4e0e\u4ed6\u8c08\u5230\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f1969\u5e74\u683c\u6797\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u5c3c\u514b\u677e\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u3002\u4ed6\u8bb0\u5f97\u5c3c\u514b\u677e\u8bf4\uff0c\\”\u6211\u4eec\u5b9e\u5728\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0e\u5360\u4eba\u7c7b\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u65e0\u9650\u671f\u5730\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u4e8e\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u529b\u91cf\u6b63\u5728\u589e\u957f\u3002\\”\u4e0d\u59a8\u518d\u770b\u770b\u970d\u5c14\u5fb7\u91cc\u5947(John Holdridge)\u56de\u5fc6\u5f80\u4e8b\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\u3002\u4ed6\u5148\u5728\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u540e\u8f6c\u81f3\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08National Security Council\uff09\u5c31\u804c\uff0c\u66fe\u4e0e\u6e29\u65af\u987f\u00b7\u6d1b\u5fb7\uff08Winston Lord\uff09\u548c\u4eca\u5929\u5728\u5ea7\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u58eb\u5171\u4e8b\u3002\u970d\u5c14\u5fb7\u91cc\u5947\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u7ecf\u5e38\u542c\u89c1\u5c3c\u514b\u677e\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u662f\uff1a\\”\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u53e3\u4f17\u591a……\u4f4d\u5c45\u8981\u51b2……\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6253\u4ed7\uff0c\u8fdc\u4e0d\u5982\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u6664\u8c08\u3002\\”

\u7136\u540e\u770b\u770b\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e0c\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u5173\u7cfb\u6b63\u5e38\u5316\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f97\u5230\u4e9b\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u95ee\u9898\u5982\u679c\u662f\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u4ece\u4ed6\u4eec\u90a3\u91cc\u5f97\u5230\u4e9b\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u7b54\u6848\u662f\uff1a\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u3002\u5f53\u5e74\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u8bae\u9898\u90fd\u5c5e\u9632\u5fa1\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u5982\u4f55\u907f\u514d\u5728\u53f0\u6e7e\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u653e\u5f03\u8fc7\u591a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u82cf\u8054\u8c08\u7684\u8bae\u9898\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u82cf\u8054\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u786e\u671f\u5f85\u5728\u8d8a\u5357\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u80fd\u53d6\u5f97\u663e\u8457\u6548\u679c\u30021972\u5e742\u6708\u4e24\u56fd\u9996\u8111\u4f1a\u8c08\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u8d8a\u5357\u4eba\u4e8e1972\u5e743\u670830\u65e5\u53d1\u52a8\u590d\u6d3b\u8282\u653b\u52bf\u3002\u7136\u800c\u65e0\u8bba\u5c3c\u514b\u677e\u8fd8\u662f\u57fa\u8f9b\u683c\uff0c\u770b\u6765\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u56e0\u6b64\u611f\u5230\u88ab\u51fa\u5356\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u7ea6\u5728\u5148\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u65b9\u9762\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0e\u5317\u8d8a\u6e10\u884c\u6e10\u8fdc\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u6709\u610f\u8981\u7f8e\u56fd\u65b9\u9762\u5bf9\u5317\u8d8a\u66f4\u5f3a\u786c\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002

\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u4e00\u8003\u5bdf\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u53d1\u73b0\u7f8e\u56fd\u65b9\u9762\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u771f\u6b63\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5177\u4f53\u548c\u529f\u5229\u6027\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u3002\u6309\u7167\u5747\u52bf\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5171\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u57fa\u8f9b\u683c\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u5bf9\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u5bd2\u8749\u6548\u5e94(chilling effect)\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4ee4\u4eba\u5f88\u96be\u6297\u62d2\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u5c3c\u514b\u677e\u6240\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u66f4\u6839\u672c\u548c\u5177\u6709\u672c\u6e90\u6027\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6de1\u5316\u4e86\u529f\u5229\u7684\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u52a0\u6df1\u4e86\u4e3a\u89e3\u51bb\u800c\u89e3\u51bb\u7684\u610f\u56fe\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5c3c\u514b\u677e\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ea\u8981\u7ed3\u675f20\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u7f8e\u4e2d\u5173\u7cfb\u6301\u7eed\u4e2d\u65ad\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u9752\u53f2\u7559\u540d\u3002\u6c83\u4f26\u00b7\u79d1\u6069\u79f0\u7f8e\u4e2d\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u65ad\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u4e3a\\”\u5927\u504f\u79bb\\”(the great aberration)\u65f6\u671f\u3002

\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u5f15\u5165\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f60\u5728\u601d\u8003\\”\u5927\u504f\u79bb\\”\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u60f3\uff0c\u5f53\u5e74\u5c3c\u514b\u677e\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6b63\u5728\u56de\u5230\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4fdd\u6301\u826f\u597d\u5173\u7cfb\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\u3002\u5bf9\u4ed6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u98ce\u683c\uff0c\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u6b63\u5e38\u3002\u4ed6\u91cd\u8fd4\u5173\u7cfb\u6b63\u5e38\u5316\u7684\u8f68\u9053\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u5efa\u7acb\u65b0\u5173\u7cfb\u3002

\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4f60\u624d\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u7406\u89e3\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u62b1\u6709\u671f\u671b\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u503c\u5f97\u8be6\u7ec6\u5c55\u5f00\u3002

\u6709\u4e9b\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u6c11\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u8fd1\u4ee3\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u534e\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u4e2d\u56fd\u4fdd\u6301\u843d\u540e\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5b9e\u529b\uff0c\u5236\u7ea6\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6bd4\u8f83\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u662f\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e9a\u6d32\u653f\u6cbb100\u591a\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4e00\u8d2f\u5e0c\u671b\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f3a\u5927\u3001\u5b8c\u6574\u548c\u72ec\u7acb\u3002

\u5e74\u590d\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u4e16\u4ee3\u4ea4\u66ff\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u59cb\u7ec8\u76ee\u6807\u5982\u4e00\uff0c\u606a\u5b88\u4e0d\u6e1d\uff0c\u5728\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5f3a\u56fd\u4e2d\u72ec\u6811\u4e00\u5e1c\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ef4\u62a4\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u4f46\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u672c\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u8003\u8651\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u957f\u671f\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u547c\u5e94\uff0c\u5b9e\u5c5e\u7f55\u89c1\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f3a\u76db\u548c\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e00\u6b21\u53c8\u4e00\u6b21\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4f5c\u7528\u3002

\u4e0b\u9762\u8bf7\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4e3e\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u30021899\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u4e9a\u6d32\u5927\u56fd\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u6d77(John Hay)\u548c\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u7f57\u514b\u5e0c\u5c14(William Rockhill)\u5373\u64b0\u5199\u4e86«\u95e8\u6237\u5f00\u653e\u7167\u4f1a»(the Open Door Note)\u3002\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u5728\u5ea7\u7684\u5404\u4f4d\u90fd\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u4e2d\u56fd\u5904\u4e8e\u6e05\u5ef7\u8870\u8d25\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5927\u5e1d\u56fd\u6b63\u9010\u6b65\u74dc\u5206\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c«\u95e8\u6237\u5f00\u653e\u7167\u4f1a»\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4e8e\u4fdd\u8bc1\u95e8\u6237\u4e0d\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u5de5\u5546\u4e1a\u5173\u95ed\u3002\u4f46\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u9605\u8bfb«\u95e8\u6237\u5f00\u653e\u7167\u4f1a»\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u5e94\u8be5\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u8fd9\u4efd\u7167\u4f1a\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u8981\u6c42\u4e0d\u6392\u65a5\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u95e8\u6237\u5f00\u653e\u8fd9\u5c42\u610f\u601d\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u575a\u6301\u8981\u6c42\u5141\u8bb8\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u63a7\u5236\u672c\u56fd\u8d22\u653f\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u638c\u63e1\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d77\u5173\u6536\u5165\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5982\u679c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e27\u5931\u5bf9\u672c\u56fd\u8d22\u653f\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u5176\u6709\u6548\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u5c31\u8361\u7136\u65e0\u5b58\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7f8e\u56fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4fdd\u6301\u72ec\u7acb\u975e\u5e38\u7b26\u5408\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002

\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e00\u8d2f\u8981\u6c42\u4e2d\u56fd\u4fdd\u6301\u7a33\u5b9a\u3001\u66f4\u5f3a\u76db\u548c\u66f4\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5728\u897f\u5965\u591a\u00b7\u7f57\u65af\u798f(Theodore Roosevelt)\u6267\u653f\u65f6\u671f\u5f97\u5230\u627f\u7ee7\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u65f6\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ee5\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5904\u7406\u5e9a\u5b50\u8d54\u6b3e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u4e5f\u64b0\u6587\u8c08\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u89c9\u9192\u3002\u540c\u6837\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u7ee7\u7eed\u8d2f\u7a7f\u4e8e\u5854\u592b\u8131\u653f\u5e9c\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u53c8\u5ef6\u7eed\u5230\u5a01\u5c14\u900a(Wilson)\u653f\u5e9c\u65f6\u671f\u30021911\u81f31912\u5e74\u4e2d\u56fd\u7206\u53d1\u8f9b\u4ea5\u9769\u547d\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u653f\u5e9c\u8868\u793a\u627f\u8ba4\u65b0\u751f\u7684\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u5927\u56fd\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5355\u72ec\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u65af\u00b7\u4e39\u5c3c\u5c14\u65af(Josephus Daniels)\u5728\u4ed6\u51fa\u5e2d\u4e00\u6b21\u5185\u9601\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u7b14\u8bb0\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u8868\u793a\u4ed6\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u613f\u671b\u5982\u6b64\u5f3a\u70c8\uff0c\\”\u543e\u610f\u6b32\u5321\u52a9\u6b64\u56fd\uff0c\u5b81\u8d1f\u5176\u548e\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u4ed6\u60f3\u3002\\”

\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u76f8\u4f34\u968f\u7684\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u5f15\u81f4\u7684\u65e5\u751a\u4e00\u65e5\u7684\u5fe7\u8651\u3002\u6240\u6709\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u591a\u65b9\u631a\u8098\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u5f3a\u70c8\u5730\u611f\u5230\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u80fd\u5728\u4e1c\u4e9a\u6295\u5165\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u591a\u4e48\u8584\u5f31\uff0c\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e2d\u56fd\u6216\u63a8\u91cd\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e5f\u529b\u6709\u4e0d\u902e\u3002\u7136\u800c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ecd\u7136\u5c3d\u529b\u800c\u4e3a\u3002

1922\u5e74\uff0c\u54c8\u5b9a\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u4f11\u65af(Charles Evans Hughes)\u4e0e\u4f0a\u83b1\u4f11\u00b7\u9c81\u7279(Elihu Root)\u51b3\u5b9a\u521b\u7acb\u4e1c\u4e9a\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u534e\u76db\u987f\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u7531\u534e\u76db\u987f\u4f1a\u8bae\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ec4\u5efa\u3002\u987a\u4fbf\u8bf4\u4e00\u53e5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4f8b\u518d\u6b21\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u6d89\u53ca\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u4e9a\u6d32\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u56fd\u8054\u89e3\u6563\u540e\u91c7\u53d6\u5b64\u7acb\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6210\u89c1\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u534e\u76db\u987f\u4f53\u7cfb\u4ee5\u4e5d\u56fd\u516c\u7ea6\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u52a8\u8361\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u4fdd\u969c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5176\u9886\u571f\u5b8c\u6574\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e3a\u62df\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6761\u6b3e\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e5d\u56fd\u90fd\u7ed9\u4e88\u5c0a\u91cd\u3002

\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5bf9\u6b64\u5e76\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a8\u7ffb\u5176\u4ed6\u5927\u56fd\u6267\u610f\u7b7e\u7f72\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u6761\u7ea6\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e5f\u9876\u4f4f\u534e\u76db\u987f\u5185\u90e8\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u58f0\u6d6a\uff0c\u4e0d\u987e\u6765\u81ea\u4f26\u6566\u548c\u4e1c\u4eac\u7684\u6297\u8bae\uff0c\u57281928\u5e74\u51c6\u5907\u53d6\u6d88\u6cbb\u5916\u6cd5\u6743\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e2d\u56fd\u5173\u7a0e\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u6562\u4e3a\u5929\u4e0b\u5148\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u51ef\u6d1b\u683c\uff08Frank B. Kellogg)\u53ca\u7eb3\u5c14\u900a\u00b7\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a(Nelson Johnson)\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u575a\u51b3\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u5185\u4e71\u8c61\u5f97\u5230\u6574\u6cbb\uff0c\u5185\u90e8\u8870\u52bf\u5f97\u5230\u626d\u8f6c\uff0c\u5373\u5e94\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5f3a\u76db\u548c\u72ec\u7acb\u3002

\u7f8e\u56fd\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u5386\u6765\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4f46\u76f4\u523030\u5e74\u4ee3\u65e5\u672c\u4fb5\u534e\u6d3b\u52a8\u589e\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u671f\u624d\u7ec8\u4e8e\u5f97\u5230\u79ef\u6781\u63a8\u52a8\u30021938\u81f31941\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u7f8e\u5229\u575a\u5408\u4f17\u56fd\u5192\u7740\u6781\u5927\u7684\u5371\u9669\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u529b\u548c\u72ec\u7acb\u3002\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u957f\u4ea8\u5229\u00b7\u6469\u6839\u7d22(Henry Morgenthau)\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u6001\u5ea6\u5341\u5206\u79ef\u6781\u30021938\u5e74\u672b\uff0c\u4ed6\u7ec8\u4e8e\u627e\u5230\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u540c\u76df\u8005\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u4ecd\u503e\u5411\u91c7\u53d6\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u548c\u4e0d\u5e72\u9884\u7acb\u573a\u3002

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\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u6301\u7eed\u8fdb\u884c\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u65f6\u523b\u968f\u4e4b\u5230\u6765\u3002\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5b89\u7406\u4f1a\u5c06\u4e3a\u51b3\u5b9a\u6218\u540e\u79e9\u5e8f\u53d1\u6325\u5982\u6b64\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u54ea\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u80fd\u62c5\u4efb\u5e38\u4efb\u7406\u4e8b\u56fd\uff1f\u5728\u5404\u5927\u56fd\u7684\u8bae\u4e8b\u573a\u5408\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u58f0\u97f3\u8bf4\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4fdd\u7559\u4e00\u5e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u58f0\u97f3\u53c8\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c1943\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u00b7\u7f57\u65af\u798f(Franklin Roosevelt)\u5411\u5b89\u4e1c\u5c3c\u00b7\u827e\u767b(Anthony Eden)\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e2d\u4f4d\u4e8e1945\u5e74\u5f97\u5230\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u73b0\u5728\u62e5\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e2d\u4f4d\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e2d\u4f4d\u57281945\u5e74\u5df2\u6709\u9884\u6848\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u624d\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u57281971\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u6b64\u5e2d\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u5f53\u65f6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e2d\u4f4d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u4e2d\u56fd\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u91cd\u7ec4\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5b89\u7406\u4f1a\u4ee5\u627f\u8ba4\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u65e9\u57281943\u5e74\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u5c3d\u529b\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u83b7\u5f97\u6210\u529f\u3002

1946\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5fc5\u987b\u505a\u51fa\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u4e3a\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u6218\u4e89\u63a5\u8fd1\u5c3e\u58f0\uff0c\u5728\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u91c7\u53d6\u4ec0\u4e48\u6001\u5ea6\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u5c1a\u672a\u5b9a\u5f62\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u7f8e\u56fd\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u9009\u62e9\u662f\uff1a\u662f\u5426\u5b8c\u5168\u7ad9\u5728\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u548c\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4e00\u8fb9\u53cd\u5bf9\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\uff1f\u7136\u800c\u4e00\u5927\u6279\u7f8e\u56fd\u8981\u5458\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4f2f\u6069\u65af(J.F. Byrnes)\u3001\u827e\u5947\u900a(Dean Acheson)\u3001\u9a6c\u6b47\u5c14(George Marshall)\u548c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u5361\u7279\u00b7\u6587\u68ee\u7279(John Carter Vincent)\u7b49\u51b3\u5b9a\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u6218\u5c45\u4e2d\u8c03\u505c\uff0c\u529b\u4e3b\u514b\u5236\u3002

\u5f53\u65f6\u53cd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u597d\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u65af\u5927\u6797(Stalin)\u5df2\u4e8e1945\u5e74\u4e0e\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u5546\u5b9a\u4ed6\u5c06\u5982\u4f55\u5bf9\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5728\u65b0\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b9e\u65bd\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e00\u4e8b\u8fbe\u6210\u59a5\u534f\u3002\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4e5f\u4e86\u89e3\u6b64\u4e8b\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u5f88\u591a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u5982\u5e15\u7279\u91cc\u514b\u00b7\u8d6b\u5c14\u5229(Patrick Hurley)\u7b49\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u8981\u6c42\u7f8e\u56fd\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u767e\u5012\u5411\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u30021945\u5e74\u62161946\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u52301947\u5e74\u5185\u6218\u8fdb\u5165\u5927\u51b3\u6218\u9636\u6bb5\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u524d\u9014\u672a\u535c\uff0c\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7684\u672a\u6765\u65e0\u7591\u5904\u4e8e\u751f\u6b7b\u5b58\u4ea1\u4e4b\u79cb\uff0c\u582a\u79f0\u51b7\u6218\u521d\u671f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u573a\u8f83\u91cf\uff0c\u5728\u6216\u8bb8\u53ef\u4f7f\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u80dc\u5238\u5728\u63e1\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e0d\u4ee5\u91cd\u5175\u5168\u529b\u8fdb\u884c\u5e72\u9884\u3002

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\u8fd9\u79cd\u610f\u56fe\u751a\u81f3\u6301\u7eed\u5230\u671d\u9c9c\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\u30021950\u548c1951\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e3b\u52a8\u5411\u7f8e\u56fd\u53d1\u51fa\u6253\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7684\u6218\u8868\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u8fdc\u4e1c\u519b\u53f8\u4ee4\u7b49\u4eba\u5411\u675c\u9c81\u95e8(Harry S Truman)\u603b\u7edf\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u79cd\u79cd\u5efa\u8a00\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u675c\u9c81\u95e8\u4ecd\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u4efd\u5371\u9669\u7684\u6218\u8868\u3002

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