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srcset=\"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/jiang12-300x291.jpg 300w, https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/jiang12.jpg 454w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u955c\u50cf\u53cd\u6620<br \/>\n\u56fe 12 \u89c2\u5bdf\u955c\u5916\u94b4\u6838\u8870\u53d8\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5b9a\u5f8b\u662f\uff1a\u7535\u5b50\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u6cbf\u6838\u7684\u65cb\u8f6c\u65b9\u5411\u98de\u51fa\uff0c\u800c\u89c2\u5bdf\u955c\u5185\u94b4\u6838\u8870\u53d8\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5b9a\u5f8b\u662f\uff1a\u7535\u5b50\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u6cbf\u6838\u7684\u65cb\u8f6c\u53cd\u65b9\u5411\u98de\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e beta \u5c04\u7ebf\uff08\u7535\u5b50\uff09\u7684\u53d1\u5c04\u5177\u6709\u4f18\u5148\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e24\u4f4d\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u955c\u50cf\u53cd\u6620\u4e0b\u7684\u975e\u4e0d\u53d8\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u5de6\u53f3\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u7167\u56fe 6 \u548c\u56fe 12\uff0c\u53ef\u77e5\u674e\u653f\u9053\u548c\u5f90\u4e00\u9e3f\u8fd9\u4e24\u4f4d\u5148\u751f\uff0c\u90fd\u628a\u955c\u4e2d\u4e4b\u6838\u65cb\u8f6c\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u7531\u955c\u5916\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c06\u5de6\u624b\u201c\u4f38\u8fdb\u201d\u955c\u5b50\u91cc\u53bb\u641e\u5b9a\u7684\uff08\u82e5\u6362\u6210\u5bf9\u955c\u4e2d\u4e4b\u6838\u89d2\u52a8\u91cf\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u5219\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u7531\u955c\u5916\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c06\u53f3\u624b\u201c\u4f38\u8fdb\u201d\u955c\u5b50\u91cc\u53bb\u641e\u5b9a\u7684\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4fe9\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5171\u540c\u7ed3\u8bba\u3001\u4e5f\u662f 1957 \u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u754c\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff1a\u7531\u5b9e\u9a8c\u786e\u8ba4\u7684\u201cbeta \u5c04\u7ebf\u53d1\u5c04\u65f6\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u65b9\u5411\u201d\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u4e0d\u5c0a\u91cd\u5de6\u53f3\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u5b9e\u9524\u8bc1\u636e\uff1b\u539f\u5148\u4eba\u4eec\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5728\u56db\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4e2d\u666e\u9002\u7684\u201c\u955c\u50cf\u53cd\u6620\u4e0b\u7684\u4e0d\u53d8\u6027\uff08\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\uff09\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u5f31\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4e2d\u5176\u5b9e\u5e76\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e\u674e\u653f\u9053\u548c\u5f90\u4e00\u9e3f\u8fd9\u4e24\u4f4d\u5148\u751f\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u955c\u4e2d\u4e4b\u6838\u65cb\u8f6c\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u955c\u4e2d\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff08\u955c\u5916\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e4b\u955c\u50cf\uff09\u7528\u53f3\u624b\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u56fe 13\uff0c\u4e14\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff1a\u867d\u7136 beta \u5c04\u7ebf\uff08\u7535\u5b50\uff09\u7684\u53d1\u5c04\u5177\u6709\u4f18\u5148\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u4f46\u89c2\u5bdf\u955c\u5916\u6838\u7684\u8870\u53d8\u548c\u89c2\u5bdf\u955c\u4e2d\u6838\u7684\u8870\u53d8\u7684\u4e24\u4f4d\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u7167\u6837\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u955c\u50cf\u53cd\u6620\u4e0b\u7684\u4e0d\u53d8\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u5de6\u53f3\u5bf9\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-108229\" src=\"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/jiang13-300x247.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"247\" srcset=\"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/jiang13-300x247.jpg 300w, https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/jiang13.jpg 530w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u955c\u50cf\u53cd\u6620<br \/>\n\u56fe 13 \u89c2\u5bdf\u955c\u5916\u94b4\u6838\u8870\u53d8\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5b9a\u5f8b\u662f\uff1a\u7535\u5b50\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u6cbf\u6838\u7684\u65cb\u8f6c\u65b9\u5411\u98de\u51fa\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u955c\u5185\u94b4\u6838\u8870\u53d8\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5b9a\u5f8b<br \/>\n\u540c\u6837\u662f\uff1a\u7535\u5b50\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u6cbf\u6838\u7684\u65cb\u8f6c\u65b9\u5411\u98de\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u867d\u7136 beta\u5c04\u7ebf\uff08\u7535\u5b50\uff09\u7684\u53d1\u5c04\u5177\u6709\u4f18\u5148\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u4f46\u4e24\u4f4d\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u7167\u6837\u5f97\u5230\u76f8<br \/>\n\u540c\u7684\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u955c\u50cf\u53cd\u6620\u4e0b\u7684\u4e0d\u53d8\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u5de6\u53f3\u5bf9\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u672c\u6587\u7ed3\u5c3e\u5904\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u7528\u4e00\u53e5\u5e26\u6709\u54f2\u601d\u610f\u5473\u7684\u8bdd\u52a0\u4ee5\u5f3a\u8c03\uff1a\u955c\u50cf\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u955c\u50cf\uff1b\u4eba\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fdb\u5165\u955c\u50cf\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u3002\u6362\u7528\u5e73\u5e38\u8bdd\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u955c\u50cf\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6d3b\u8ba1\uff0c\u5fc5\u5b9a\u662f\u7531\u4eba\u7684\u955c\u50cf\u53bb\u5e72\u7684\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u672c\u5c0a\u662f\u6709\u5fc3\u65e0\u95e8\u3001\u63d2\u4e0d\u8fdb\u624b\u7684\u3002\u6545\u6b64\uff0c\u6807\u8bb0\u955c\u4e2d\u4e4b\u6838\u7684\u65cb\u8f6c\u65b9\u5411\u53ca\u89d2\u52a8\u91cf\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u6216\u6807\u8bb0\u955c\u4e2d\u5b50\u5f39\u7684\u65cb\u8f6c\u65b9\u5411\u53ca\u89d2\u52a8\u91cf\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e4b\u955c\u50cf\u7684\u4e13\u53f8\u804c\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u77e5\u591a\u5c11\u5e74\u524d\uff08\u96be\u4e8e\u8003\u8bc1\uff09\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u4e0d\u7ecf\u610f\u95f4\u60f3\u4e86\u4e2a\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8ba9\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u672c\u5c0a\u6123\u5c06\u624b\u201c\u4f38\u8fdb\u201d\u955c\u5b50\u91cc\u53bb\u8d8a\u4fce\u4ee3\u5e96\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u955c\u50cf\u53cd\u6620\u8fd9\u95e8\u5b66\u95ee\u7684\u6e90\u5934\uff0c\u6f5c\u85cf\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u672c\u4e0d\u8be5\u6709\u3001\u4e14\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u65ad\u5d16\u5f0f\u7406\u8bba\u5d29\u584c\u7684\u9519\u8bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6b64\u6211\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5f88\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7a7a\u95f4\u53cd\u6f14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u57fa\u77f3\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u201c\u8d0b\u77e2\u91cf\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u56e0\u5434\u5065\u96c4\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e16\u754c\u8f70\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u968f\u4e4b\u5f62\u6210\u714c\u714c\u5b9a\u8bba\u7684\u201c\u5f31\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4e2d\u5de6\u53f3\u4e0d\u518d\u5bf9\u79f0\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u9519\u8bb9\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u6211\u7684\u5fc3\u613f\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6211\u5f53\u7136\u671f\u5f85\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0e\u5f90\u4e00\u9e3f\u6559\u6388\u5546\u69b7\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u8868\u660e\u6211\u5bf9\u56fe3.5\uff08\u672c\u6587\u56fe 3\uff09\u7684\u8d28\u7591\u4e0e\u6f84\u6e05\u662f\u7ad9\u5f97\u4f4f\u811a\u7684\u3002\u5018\u82e5\u679c\u771f\u662f\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u5219\u8d85\u51e1\u800c\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u5de6\u53f3\u5bf9\u79f0\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u5c06\u8fce\u6765\u5979\u53c8\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u5f0f\u7684\u9ad8\u5149\u65f6\u4ee3\uff1b\u5176\u7f8e\u5999\u8d28\u6734\u7684\u5149\u8292\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u50cf\u9ad8\u9ad8\u5929\u9645\u8000\u6d01\u7684\u661f\u5149\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u5f15\u9886\u4eba\u7c7b\u53bb\u63a2\u7d22\u5b87\u5b99\u65e0\u7a77\u7684\u5965\u79d8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2023 \u5e74 12 \u6708 7-10 \u65e5 \u521d\u7a3f<br \/>\n2023 \u5e74 12 \u6708 30 \u65e5 \u5b9a\u7a3f<br \/>\n2024 \u5e74 01 \u6708 05 \u65e5 \u4fee\u6539<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u4e0e\u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[1] \u5f31\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u73b0\u6709\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u5b58\u5728\u56db\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u2014\u2014\u5f15\u529b\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3001\u7535\u78c1\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3001\u5f3a\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u5f31\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[2] \u5f90\u4e00\u9e3f(A.Zee). \u53ef\u6015\u7684\u5bf9\u79f0[M]. \u957f\u6c99\uff1a\u6e56\u5357\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1992\uff1a37-38.<\/p>\n<p>[3] \u5f90\u4e00\u9e3f(A.Zee). \u53ef\u6015\u7684\u5bf9\u79f0[M]. \u957f\u6c99\uff1a\u6e56\u5357\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1992\uff1a40.<\/p>\n<p>[4] \u674e\u653f\u9053. \u5bf9\u79f0\u4e0e\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0[M]. \u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2000\uff1a98.<\/p>\n<p>[5] 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