![\\\"\\\"](\\\"[InstallDir_ChannelDir]{$UploadDir}\/200911\/20091122114527123.jpg\\\")
<\/FONT>\r\n\uff082006\u5e742\u6708\u5728\u6089\u5c3c\u53ec\u5f00\u7684<\/FONT><\/STRONG>\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u6587\u660e\u4e0e\u548c\u8c10\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u5b66\u672f\u8ba8\u8bba\u4f1a\u90e8\u5206\u4e0e\u4f1a\u8005\uff09<\/FONT><\/EM><\/P>\r\n \u4e8c\u3001\u8bf1\u5bfc\u6027\u5236\u5ea6\u53d8\u8fc1 \u4e09\u3001\u7ed3\u8bba<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n \u6ce8\u91ca \u4e00\u3001\u848b\u7ecf\u56fd\u4f55\u4ee5\u89e3\u7981\uff1f <\/FONT> <\/P>\r\n \uff08\u672c\u6587\u662f2006\u5e742\u6708\u5728\u6089\u5c3c\u53ec\u5f00\u7684<\/FONT><\/STRONG>\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u6587\u660e\u4e0e\u548c\u8c10\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u5b66\u672f\u8ba8\u8bba\u4f1a\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u8bba\u6587\uff09<\/FONT><\/EM><\/P>\r\n \uff082006\u5e742\u6708\u5728\u6089\u5c3c\u53ec\u5f00\u7684\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u6587\u660e\u4e0e\u548c\u8c10\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u5b66\u672f\u8ba8\u8bba\u4f1a\u90e8\u5206\u4e0e\u4f1a\u8005\uff09 \u63d0\u8981\uff1a\u672c\u6587\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u53f0\u6e7e\u89e3\u4e25\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff08\u65c1\u53ca\u82cf […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12032","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-thought","et-doesnt-have-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12032","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12032"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12032\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12032"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12032"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12032"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\u63d0\u8981\uff1a\u672c\u6587\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u53f0\u6e7e\u89e3\u4e25\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff08\u65c1\u53ca\u82cf\u8054\u3001\u4e1c\u6b27\u8f6c\u578b\uff09\u7684\u5256\u6790\u4e0e\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8bf1\u5bfc\u6027\u5236\u5ea6\u53d8\u8fc1\u7684\u5185\u5916\u673a\u5236\u3001\u8bf1\u56e0\u53ca\u5176\u53ef\u80fd\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7814\u8ba8\u4e13\u6743\u5f53\u5c40\u5728\u5173\u952e\u65f6\u523b\u5229\u76ca\u8003\u91cf\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u529f\u80fd.\u5b83\u63a2\u7d22\u4e86\u5236\u5ea6\u8f6c\u578b\u4e34\u754c\u70b9\u964d\u4e34\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u8f6c\u578b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u56fd\u9645\u538b\u529b\u3001\u56fd\u5185\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u56e2\u535a\u5f08\u3001\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u535a\u5f08\u7684\u8bf1\u5bfc\u6027\u4f5c\u7528\u3002
<\/EM>
***************************************
\u4e00\u3001\u848b\u7ecf\u56fd\u4f55\u4ee5\u89e3\u7981\uff1f<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n
\u5916\u90e8\u8bf1\u56e0
\u5185\u90e8\u8bf1\u56e0
\u4ece\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5bfc\u5411\u653f\u6cbb
\u6c11\u95f4\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u6743\u529b\u5f53\u5c40
\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e4b\u4e89<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n
\u53c2\u8003
****************************************************************
<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n
1987\u5e747\u670814\u65e5\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u5a01\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u848b\u7ecf\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u7a81\u7136\u53d1\u5e03\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5ba3\u544a\u53f0\u6e7e\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u53f0\u6e7e\u672c\u5c9b\u548c\u6f8e\u6e56\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u81ea7\u670815\u65e5\u96f6\u65f6\u8d77\u89e3\u9664\u6212\u4e25\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4e3a\u89e3\u9664\u515a\u7981\u3001\u62a5\u7981\uff0c\u5373\u6b63\u5f0f\u627f\u8ba4\u53cd\u5bf9\u515a\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u627f\u8bfa\u6c11\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u521b\u529e\u5404\u7c7b\u5a92\u4f53\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u65b0\u95fb\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u8d74\u53f038\u5e74\u6765\u5bf9\u53f0\u5c9b\u4e00\u76f4\u5b9e\u884c\u6212\u4e25\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u53f0\u6e7e\u653f\u6cbb\u53f2\u4e0a\u5212\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u4ece\u6b64\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6d41\u7a0b\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\u5a01\u6743\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u56de\u5f521946\u5e74\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u8de8\u5165\u5baa\u653f\u8f68\u9053\u3002
\u4e13\u5236\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u81ea\u884c\u653e\u5f03\u7edd\u5bf9\u5784\u65ad\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u6295\u8eab\u4e8e\u80dc\u8d1f\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u653f\u515a\u7ade\u4e89\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f6e\u8eab\u4e8e\u72ec\u7acb\u5a92\u4f53\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u63ed\u9732\u548c\u6279\u8bc4\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u653f\u6cbb\u53f2\u4e0a\u7f55\u89c1\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u591a\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u76db\u8d5e\u848b\u7ecf\u56fd\u5148\u751f\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u52c7\u6c14\u3001\u777f\u667a\u548c\u9ad8\u5c1a\u5fb7\u884c\uff0c\u76db\u8d5e\u4ed6\u653e\u5f03\u4e00\u515a\u4e4b\u79c1\u5f00\u8f9f\u6c11\u4e3b\u65b0\u8def\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u5386\u53f2\u529f\u52cb\u3002
\u8bda\u7136\uff0c\u848b\u7ecf\u56fd\u5148\u751f\u6b64\u4e3e\u987a\u5e94\u4e86\u6f6e\u6d41\uff0c\u81ea\u5f53\u5f6a\u70b3\u53f2\u518c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u82e5\u8bf4\u5b83\u7eaf\u7136\u662f\u820d\u5f03\u672c\u515a\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u6743\u4f4d\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u4e49\u4e3e\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u6d6a\u6f2b\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u60f3\u5f53\u7136\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u662f\u56e0\u826f\u77e5\u800c\u7518\u613f\u820d\u5f03\u6700\u9ad8\u6743\u529b\u7684\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd\u751a\u81f3\u8bf1\u5bfc\u4e86\u848b\u7ecf\u56fd\u4e0b\u5b9a\u51b3\u5fc3\uff0c\u5f00\u653e\u515a\u7981\u62a5\u7981\uff0c\u5e76\u51b3\u5fc3\u628a\u53cd\u5bf9\u529b\u91cf\u5438\u7eb3\u5165\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u7cfb\u5462\uff1f
\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5f53\u5e74\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u653f\u6743\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u5185\u5916\u56f0\u5883\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56f0\u5883\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u52a0\u4ee5\u5236\u5ea6\u8f6c\u578b\u540e\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u8bf1\u56e0\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u5bfc\u81f4\u7ecf\u56fd\u5148\u751f\u6bc5\u7136\u8de8\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e00\u5173\u952e\u6027\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u52a8\u529b\u3002
\u5f53\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c3c\u514b\u677e\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3a\u6297\u51fb\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u82cf\u8054\u5e1d\u56fd\uff0c\u7a81\u7136\u4e0e\u5317\u4eac\u8054\u624b\uff0c\u6b64\u4e3e\u5f15\u53d1\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u8fde\u9501\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u5730\u7f18\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u51b7\u9177\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4e5f\u9274\u4e8e\u897f\u65b9\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u65e9\u5df2\u4e0d\u6ee1\u848b\u6c0f\u5728\u53f0\u7684\u5a01\u6743\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u4e8e1972\u5e74\u5931\u53bb\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5e2d\u4f4d\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u5404\u4e3b\u8981\u5927\u56fd\u5728\u5916\u4ea4\u4e0a\u4e5f\u7eb7\u7eb7\u79bb\u53f0\u800c\u53bb\u3002\u867d\u7136\u53f0\u6e7e\u6709\u8000\u773c\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d77\u98de\uff0c\u4f46\u56fd\u5e9c\u4ecd\u7a81\u7136\u6210\u4e3a\u98ce\u96e8\u98d8\u6447\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u4e9a\u7ec6\u4e9a\u5b64\u513f\u201d\uff0c\u9762\u4e34\u6781\u5176\u4e25\u5cfb\u9669\u6076\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u5185\u653f\u60c5\u52bf\u3002\u6709\u9274\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4e3a\u7ef4\u6301\u53f0\u6e7e\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u548c\u5c0a\u4e25\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u7f6e\u4e4b\u6b7b\u5730\u800c\u540e\u751f\u7684\u51b3\u5fc3\u3002\u800c\u8d77\u6b7b\u56de\u751f\u4e4b\u60df\u4e00\u751f\u8def\u662f\uff1a\u8fc5\u901f\u5960\u7acb\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u57fa\u5730\uff1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u4e0e\u672c\u571f\u5316\uff1b\u4ee5\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u5927\u9646\u5171\u4ea7\u6781\u6743\u7edf\u6cbb\u76f8\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3001\u76f8\u533a\u9694\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5728\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u786e\u7acb\u5176\u7edf\u6cbb\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u3002\u4ee5\u6b64\u8d62\u5f97\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u540c\u60c5\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u56fd\u5185\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8d70\u5411\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u4e0e\u672c\u571f\u5316\uff0c\u6210\u4e86\u53f0\u6e7e\u8d62\u5f97\u56fd\u9645\u5584\u610f\u6e21\u8fc7\u751f\u5b58\u5371\u673a\u7684\u6700\u5927\u653f\u6cbb\u8bf1\u56e0\u3002
\u800c\u5728\u53f0\u6e7e\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u300a\u81ea\u7531\u4e2d\u56fd\u300b\u7ec4\u515a\u5931\u8d25\u96f7\u9707\u88ab\u6355\uff0c\u300a\u6587\u661f\u300b\u540e\u6765\u4e5f\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u538b\u529b\u4e0b\u592d\u6298\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5931\u53bb\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5e2d\u4f4d\u540e\u7684\u53f0\u6e7e\uff0c\u4e8e1972\u5e74\u5b9e\u65bd\u672c\u571f\u5316\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u5411\u5185\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u201d\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u5373\u4e2d\u592e\u5a01\u6743\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u672c\u571f\u5316\u8fd0\u52a8\u30021978\u5e74\u589e\u989d\u4e2d\u592e\u6c11\u4ee3\u6539\u9009(1950\u81f31969\u5e74\u8fd920\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u9009\u4e3e\u53ea\u5230\u7701\u8bae\u5458\u548c\u53bf\u5e02\u957f\u5c42\u6b21\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u9009\u4e3e\u662f\u51bb\u7ed3\u7684)\uff0c\u6b64\u5951\u673a\u4f7f\uff08\u975e\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u3001\u5b9e\u4e3a\u6c11\u8fdb\u515a\u524d\u8eab\u7684\uff09\u201c\u515a\u5916\u201d\u4eba\u58eb\u5f00\u59cb\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ee5\u5de1\u56de\u52a9\u9009\u56e2\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5230\u53f0\u6e7e\u5404\u5730\u5927\u4e32\u8054\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u886812\u6761\u5171\u540c\u653f\u89c1\uff1a\u8981\u6c42\u5f00\u653e\u515a\u7981\u3001\u62a5\u7981\u3001\u89e3\u4e25\u3001\u56fd\u4f1a\u5168\u9762\u6539\u9009\u3001\u7701\u5e02\u957f\u6c11\u9009\u3001\u53f8\u6cd5\u72ec\u7acb\u3001\u519b\u961f\u4e2d\u7acb\u7b49\u30021979\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u300a\u7f8e\u4e3d\u5c9b\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u793e\u5ba3\u5e03\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u8be5\u6742\u5fd7\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ec4\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u653f\u515a\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u53cd\u5bf9\u515a\u7981\u533a\u88ab\u7a81\u7834\u7684\u5371\u9669\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5f53\u5c40\u5f53\u5e74\u5b9e\u65bd\u9547\u538b\uff0c\u300a\u7f8e\u4e3d\u5c9b\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u793e\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6210\u5458\u5168\u90e8\u5165\u72f1\u5e76\u88ab\u5ba1\u3002\u867d\u7136\u53cd\u5bf9\u515a\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u6ce2\u6d8c\u52a8\u53c8\u88ab\u9547\u538b\u4e0b\u53bb\u4e86\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u8be5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5374\u4f7f\u9ec4\u4fe1\u4ecb\u3001\u65bd\u660e\u5fb7\u548c\u8fa9\u62a4\u5f8b\u5e08\u9648\u6c34\u6241\u3001\u8c22\u957f\u5ef7\u7b49\u65b0\u661f\u5f00\u59cb\u5d2d\u9732\u5934\u89d2\uff0c\u65e5\u83b7\u4eba\u5fc3\u3002\u53f0\u6e7e\u5f53\u5c40\u6240\u627f\u53d7\u7684\u5c9b\u5185\u8981\u6c42\u89e3\u7981\u7684\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u5408\u6cd5\u53cd\u5bf9\u515a\u7684\u8bc9\u6c42\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u547c\u4e4b\u6b32\u51fa\uff0c\u903c\u8fd1\u603b\u7edf\u5e9c\u95e8\u69db\u4e86\u3002
1984\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u300a\u848b\u7ecf\u56fd\u4f20\u300b\u4f5c\u8005\u6c5f\u5357\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u88ab\u53f0\u6e7e\u60c5\u6cbb\u90e8\u95e8\u6697\u6740\u3002\u4e00\u65f6\u56fd\u9645\u8206\u8bba\u9f0e\u6cb8\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5f62\u8c61\u8dcc\u843d\u5230\u6700\u4f4e\u70b9\u3002\u6c5f\u5357\u4e8b\u4ef6\u88ab\u4eba\u79f0\u4e3a\u51e0\u4e4e\u538b\u5012\u4e13\u5236\u9a86\u9a7c\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6839\u7a3b\u8349\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5f53\u5c40\u540d\u58f0\u6108\u6765\u6108\u5dee\uff0c\u6240\u53d7\u7684\u538b\u529b\u6108\u6765\u6108\u5927\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e86\u4e34\u754c\u70b9\u3002
1986\u5e749\u670828\u65e5\uff0c\u201c\u515a\u5916\u201d\u5404\u56e2\u4f53\u5728\u53f0\u5317\u6b63\u5f0f\u5ba3\u5e03\u6210\u7acb\u201c\u6c11\u8fdb\u515a\u201d\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u53f0\u6e7e\u5e76\u672a\u89e3\u9664\u6212\u4e25\u6cd5\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u8fc7\u53bb\u60ef\u4f8b\uff0c\u6b64\u4e3e\u5e94\u662f\u975e\u6cd5\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u848b\u7ecf\u56fd\u5e76\u672a\u5e72\u9884\uff0c\u9ed8\u8bb8\u4e86\u6b64\u4e8b\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fae\u79d2\u800c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8baf\u53f7\uff0c\u9884\u793a\u4e86\u53f0\u6e7e\u672a\u6765\u7684\u8d70\u5411\u3002
\u968f\u540e\uff0c1987\u5e74\uff0c\u74dc\u719f\u8482\u843d\uff0c\u848b\u7ecf\u56fd\u6bc5\u7136\u51b3\u7136\uff0c\u89e3\u9664\u515a\u7981\u3001\u62a5\u7981\u3002
\u4eba\u6216\u8981\u95ee\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u53f0\u6e7e\u5f53\u5c40\u5f00\u542f\u5c01\u9501\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u9600\u95e8\u7684\u94a5\u5319\uff1f\u5728\u7b14\u8005\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u6700\u6839\u672c\u7684\u662f\u5f53\u653f\u8005\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u8003\u91cf\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u7edf\u6cbb\u96c6\u56e2\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5a01\u6743\u9886\u8896\u901a\u8fc7\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u5df2\u83b7\u5f97\u5927\u4f53\u5171\u8bc6\uff1a\u5f62\u52bf\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u9547\u538b\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u5df2\u7ecf\u6bd4\u5bbd\u5bb9\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u5927\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e2d\uff0c\u5018\u82e5\u4e00\u4ecd\u5176\u65e7\uff0c\u5b9e\u65bd\u9547\u538b\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u597d\u5904\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6682\u65f6\u514d\u9664\u4e86\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u5784\u65ad\u6743\u529b\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u56de\u987e\u5386\u53f2\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5f3a\u5316\u9547\u538b\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f7b\u5e95\u6d88\u706d\u53cd\u5bf9\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5f92\u7136\u589e\u52a0\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u653f\u6743\u7684\u4e24\u6781\u5bf9\u7acb\uff0c\u4e27\u5931\u7edf\u6cbb\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u6108\u76ca\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u5b64\u7acb\u3002
\u9664\u4e86\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u201c\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u201d\u201c\u8ba4\u53d7\u6027\u201d\u5371\u673a\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u9879\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u8bf1\u5bfc\u6027\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e86\u4ece\u8fc7\u53bb\u4ec5\u6709\u53bf\u5e02\u957f\u9009\u4e3e\u800c\u8d70\u5411\u5f00\u653e\u5168\u9762\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u5229\u5f0a\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f53\u8ba4\u5230\uff0c\u5f00\u653e\u9009\u4e3e\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u6574\u5408\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u83c1\u82f1\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4e0e\u53f0\u6e7e\u5e76\u65e0\u6e0a\u6e90\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u793e\u4f1a\u652f\u6301\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c31\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u4e3e\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4ee5\u521b\u9020\u5176\u7edf\u6cbb\u662f\u5f97\u5230\u5730\u65b9\u83c1\u82f1\u652f\u6301\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u3002\u800c\u5bf9\u5730\u65b9\u83c1\u82f1\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u638c\u63a7\u4e86\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u9664\u52a0\u5165\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5e76\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5408\u4f5c\u5916\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f97\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u7b80\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u9009\u4e3e\u80fd\u4f7f\u5f53\u5c40\u6536\u7f16\u5730\u65b9\u83c1\u82f1\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u83c1\u82f1\u4e5f\u56e0\u8fdb\u5165\u4f53\u7cfb\u800c\u5f97\u76ca\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5728\u4e00\u65f6\u8fd8\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u8d44\u6e90\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u81ea\u8eab\u6267\u653f\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5bf9\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u6574\u5408\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u5f53\u65f6\u5f00\u653e\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u8bf1\u5bfc\u529b\u91cf\u3002
\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u8bf1\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5f53\u653f\u8005\u8bc4\u4f30\uff1a\u9547\u538b\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u5df2\u7ecf\u6bd4\u5bbd\u5bb9\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u5927\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u4e34\u754c\u70b9\u3002
\u56de\u89c2\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f53\u8ba4\u5230\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u53cd\u590d\u8981\u6c42\u4e3b\u653f\u8005\u9053\u5fb7\u53d1\u73b0\u3001\u826f\u77e5\u89c9\u9192\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u521b\u9020\u548c\u79ef\u7d2f\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u2014\u2014\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u519b\u4e8b\u7684\u2014\u2014\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f7f\u6743\u529b\u5f53\u5c40\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u9547\u538b\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u5df2\u7ecf\u5927\u4e8e\u5bbd\u5bb9\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002\u5982\u679c\u79ef\u7d2f\u5e76\u8fbe\u6210\u4e86\u8be5\u79cd\u5386\u53f2\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5219\u653f\u6cbb\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u4e34\u754c\u70b9\u5c06\u987f\u65f6\u5448\u73b0\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u6d41\u7a0b\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u79ef\u7d2f\u5404\u7c7b\u8bf1\u5bfc\u6027\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4fc3\u6210\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7b14\u8005\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u8bf1\u5bfc\u5f0f\u201d\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u53d8\u8fc1\u3002
\u4eba\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bc9\u8bf8\u72ec\u88c1\u8005\u7684\u826f\u77e5\u89c9\u9192\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bc9\u8bf8\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u76d8\u7b97\uff0c\u8bc9\u8bf8\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u8bf1\u56e0\u3002
\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5229\u76ca\u8bf1\u56e0\u5f53\u7136\u5305\u62ec\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3001\uff08\u5386\u53f2\uff09\u5730\u4f4d\u3001\u540d\u58f0\u3001\u5a01\u671b\u3001\u672c\u515a\u6267\u653f\u6743\u529b\u7b49\u7b49\uff1b\u589e\u8fdb\u516c\u5171\uff08\u56fd\u5bb6\uff09\u5229\u76ca\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u8003\u8651\u7684\u9996\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u6216\u6743\u91cd\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u516c\u5171\u9009\u62e9\u7406\u8bba\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5f88\u591a\u5b66\u8bf4\u90fd\u660e\u786e\u5730\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u8fd9\u70b9\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5e03\u574e\u5357\uff08Buchanan, J.M.\uff09\u6240\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5fc5\u987b\u628a\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u5458\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u7528\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6743\u529b\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u8ffd\u6c42\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u201d\uff08\u6ce81\uff09
\u4e8c\u3001\u8bf1\u5bfc\u6027\u5236\u5ea6\u53d8\u8fc1
\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u9664\u66b4\u529b\u9769\u547d\u5916\uff0c\u5404\u56fd\u5728\u5236\u5ea6\u6f14\u5316\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u8bf1\u5bfc\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0c\u82f1\u7f8e\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u7cfb\u7edf\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u56fd\u4f1a\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u65e5\u5e38\u5236\u5ea6\u5f62\u6210\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u7531\u8bf1\u5bfc\u6027\u5236\u5ea6\u53d8\u8fc1\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u5f53\u5404\u5229\u76ca\u4e3b\u4f53\u5728\u5404\u65b9\u90fd\u6709\u5229\u53ef\u56fe\u65f6\uff08\u6240\u8c13\u53cc\u8d62\u6216\u591a\u8d62\u683c\u5c40\uff09\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u53f8\u6cd5\u6848\u4f8b\u7684\u786e\u7acb\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u6cd5\u7279\u522b\u5bb9\u6613\u5bfc\u81f4\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8bf1\u5bfc\u6027\u5236\u5ea6\u53d8\u8fc1\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5236\u5ea6\u65f6\u65f6\u521b\u65b0\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e38\u89c4\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4e86\u3002
\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8bf1\u5bfc\u6027\u5236\u5ea6\u53d8\u8fc1\u5f53\u7136\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u9700\u8981\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5982\u7f8e\u56fd\u53d8\u7684\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u6cd5\u89c4\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u5c31\u8fd9\u70b9\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u76ee\u524d\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0e1986-87\u5e74\u848b\u7ecf\u56fd\u5148\u751f\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u4eca\u4e2d\u56fd\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u56e2\u5206\u5316\u65e5\u76ca\u660e\u663e\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u8f6c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u65e5\u76ca\u6e17\u5165\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fdb\u5165WTO\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5de8\u578b\u7684\u201c\u5236\u5ea6\u78e8\u5408\u5668\u201d\u7684\u6001\u52bf\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u201c\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5730\u4f4d\u201d\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u6807\u51c6\u9a71\u8feb\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4e0d\u5408\u56fd\u9645\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u60c5\u5f0f\u201d\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u5165\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u7684\u201c\u8f6c\u578b\u78e8\u5408\u671f\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5236\u5ea6\u53d8\u8fc1\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u65e5\u79ef\u6708\u7d2f\uff0c\u7528\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u201c\u4ece\u91cf\u53d8\u5230\u8d28\u53d8\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fc3\u6210\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u8f6c\u578b\u3002
\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u53d8\u8fc120\u591a\u5e74\u6765\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u660e\u663e\u7684\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u52a0\u5165WTO\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u52a0\u901f\u8fd0\u884c\u3002
\u5916\u90e8\u8bf1\u56e0
\u5236\u5ea6\u53d8\u8fc1\uff0c\u5c31\u5916\u90e8\u8bf1\u56e0\u800c\u8a00\uff0cWTO \u7684\u89c4\u7ae0\u3001\u897f\u65b9\u4e3b\u8981\u5de5\u4e1a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c1a\u672a\u627f\u8ba4\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u201c\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5730\u4f4d\u201d\u7b49\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u8bf1\u5bfc\u50ac\u5316\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u6027\u53d8\u8fc1\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u529b\u91cf\u3002
\u5982\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u52a0\u5165WTO\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5d2d\u65b0\u7684\u60c5\u52bf\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e0d\u51c6\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u67d3\u6307\u800c\u5b9e\u884c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5784\u65ad\u7684\u884c\u4e1a\u7981\u533a\uff0c\u8c61\u94f6\u884c\u3001\u4fdd\u9669\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u5927\u5b66\u7b49\u884c\u4e1a\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u5165\u4e16\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u90e8\u5206\u5df2\u7ecf\u6216\u5373\u5c06\u5bf9\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u5bf9\u5916\u56fd\u8d44\u672c\u5f00\u653e\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5c31\u52bf\u5fc5\u9020\u6210\u67d0\u79cd\u201c\u53cd\u5411\u56fd\u6c11\u5f85\u9047\uff08reversed national treatment\uff09\u201d\uff0c\u5373\uff1a \u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u6765\u53ef\u4ee5\u4eab\u6709\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u201c\u56fd\u6c11\u5f85\u9047\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u6c11\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u53cd\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4eab\u6709\u201c\u56fd\u6c11\u5f85\u9047\u201d\u3002\u57282002\u5e74\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u6709\u4f4d\u6c11\u8425\u4f01\u4e1a\u8981\u529e\u94f6\u884c\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u7533\u8bf7\uff0c\u94f6\u884c\u7ba1\u7406\u90e8\u95e8\u62d2\u4e0d\u6279\u51c6\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u88ab\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6c11\u8425\u4f01\u4e1a\u544a\u4e0a\u4e86\u6cd5\u5ead\uff1a\u95ee\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f60\u8ba9\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u6765\u529e\u94f6\u884c\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u529e\u94f6\u884c\uff1f\u5e76\u4e14\u63d0\u51fa\uff1a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6709\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u51e1\u662f\u5bf9\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u9886\u57df\u90fd\u8981\u5bf9\u6c11\u8425\u4f01\u4e1a\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u4f60\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5f00\u653e\uff1f\u4ed6\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5728\u8bc9\u8bf8\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u8d77\u8bc9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b98\u65b9\u201c\u6b67\u89c6\u672c\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b98\u53f8\u867d\u7136\u65e0\u75be\u800c\u7ec8\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u53cd\u5411\u6b67\u89c6\u201d\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u4e0e\u6297\u8bae\u4e00\u76f4\u4e0d\u7edd\u4e8e\u8033\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u67d0\u79cd\u201c\u6ede\u540e\u6548\u5e94\u201d\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff1a\u5f53\u5c40\u8fd1\u6765\u5df2\u7ecf\u5bf9\u6c11\u95f4\u96c6\u8d44\u3001\u79c1\u4eba\u96c6\u8d44\uff08\u5b9e\u8d28\u662f\u8d70\u5411\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6c11\u8425\u94f6\u884c\uff09\u6301\u67d0\u79cd\u5f00\u653e\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u5317\u4eac\u5f53\u5c40\u5bf9\u8fc7\u53bb\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684\u9488\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u201c\u884c\u4e1a\u7981\u533a\u201d\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u9759\u6084\u6084\u7684\u677e\u5f00\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7f1d\u9699\uff0c\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u6027\u677e\u7ed1\u3002\u8fd9\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u6b63\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u52a0\u5165WTO\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u8bf1\u5bfc\u6027\u5236\u5ea6\u53d8\u8fc1\u3002
\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b66\u754c\u6709\u5173\u5171\u4ea7\u4e16\u754c\u53d8\u8fc1\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6311\u6218\u3001\u4f9d\u8d56\u548c\u793a\u8303\u4e09\u7c7b\u5f71\u54cd\uff09\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u524d\u82cf\u8054\u3001\u4e1c\u6b27\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f5c\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u524d\u82cf\u8054\u65f6\u53d7\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\uff08\u7279\u522b\u662f\u661f\u7403\u5927\u6218\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\uff09\u7684\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u800c\u4e1c\u6b27\u5219\u662f\u56e0\u653f\u6cbb\u519b\u4e8b\u4e0a\u4f9d\u8d56\u82cf\u8054\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\uff08\u6208\u5df4\u4e54\u592b\u65b0\u653f\u540e\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u4e0d\u5e72\u9884\u4e1c\u6b27\u56fd\u5bb6\u81ea\u4e3b\u610f\u5fd7\uff09\u4e00\u6492\u624b\uff0c\u4e1c\u6b27\u8fc5\u53d8\u3002\u800c\u4e1c\u6b27\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u5df2\u4f9d\u8d56\u897f\u65b9\u6781\u6df1\uff0c\u6545\u5408\u4e4e\u903b\u8f91\u8f6c\u5411\u897f\u65b9\uff09\u3002\u800c\u4e2d\u5171\uff0c\u4ece\u5efa\u653f\u6e0a\u6e90\u4e0a\u5c31\u6bd4\u4e1c\u6b27\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u4ee5\u540e\u4f9d\u8d56\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e5f\u76f8\u5f53\u5f31\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5374\u5f88\u5f3a\uff0c\u6545\u96be\u4e8e\u88ab\u6311\u6218\u3001\u4f9d\u8d56\u548c\u793a\u8303\u4e09\u7c7b\u56e0\u7d20\u6240\u5f71\u54cd\u3002(\u6ce82)
\u7136\u800c\u81ea\u4e2d\u56fd\u6ed1\u5165\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8f68\u9053\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u52a0\u5165WTO\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5173\u8054\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u5ea6\u4e4b\u6df1\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u53ef\u540c\u65e5\u800c\u8bed\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b66\u754c\u6709\u5173\u4e2d\u5171\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u56fd\u9645\u5f71\u54cd\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u5df2\u5927\u90e8\u5931\u6548\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u770b\u5230\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u5e45\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u7d27\u5bc6\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u5d2d\u65b0\u7684\u56fe\u666f\u3002\u5317\u4eac\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u82e5\u79bb\u5f00\u56fd\u9645\u56e0\u7d20\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f88\u96be\u83b7\u5f97\u6b63\u786e\u89e3\u8bfb\u4e86\u3002
\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7WTO\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u9645\u673a\u6784\u548c\u91cd\u8981\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u538b\u529b\u3001\u5f71\u54cd\u548c\u8bf1\u5bfc\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u53d8\u8fc1\u65e0\u65e5\u65e0\u4e4b\uff0c\u968f\u65f6\u90fd\u53ef\u89c1\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u6cd5\u89c4\u51fa\u53f0\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6b63\u5728\u7eb3\u5165\u4e16\u754c\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7279\u8272\u201d\u53c8\u4f01\u56fe\u5f71\u54cd\u4e16\u754c\u4f53\u7cfb\uff08\u6ce83\uff09\uff0c\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u7cbe\u5f69\u800c\u5f3a\u52b2\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u4e92\u52a8\u3002\u6b64\u7c7b\u8bba\u8ff0\u7e41\u591a\uff0c\u5179\u4e0d\u8d58\u8ff0\u3002
\u5185\u90e8\u8bf1\u56e0
\u5236\u5ea6\u53d8\u8fc1\uff0c\u5c31\u5185\u90e8\u8bf1\u56e0\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u535a\u5f08\u662f\u8bf1\u5bfc\u6027\u5236\u5ea6\u53d8\u8fc1\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u90e8\u52a8\u529b\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u5f81\u662f\uff1a\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u53ca\u76f8\u4e92\u535a\u5f08\u3002\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u662f\u8d8b\u5411\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u65f6\u5229\u76ca\u5206\u5316\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u7ed3\u679c\u2014\u2014\u5728\u5229\u76ca\u5206\u5316\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u4e3b\u4f53\u5728\u9010\u6e10\u53d1\u80b2\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5171\u540c\u5229\u76ca\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u5229\u76ca\u4e3b\u4f53\u9010\u6b65\u6574\u5408\u6210\u4e3a\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u56e2\u3002\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5927\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u56e2\u8bf8\u5982\uff1a\u975e\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u7fa4\u4f53\uff08\u5916\u8d44\u3001\u5408\u8d44\u3001\u6c11\u8425\uff09\u3001\u56fd\u8425\u4f01\u4e1a\u3001\u4e2d\u592e\u5b98\u50da\u96c6\u56e2\u3001\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u50da\u96c6\u56e2\uff08\u4e0e\u76f8\u5173\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u7684\u5171\u751f\u5173\u7cfb\uff09\u7b49\u7b49\u3002
\u4ece\u5927\u7684\u683c\u5c40\u770b\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0a\u5c42\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u5206\u6b8a\u83ab\u8fc7\u4e8e\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u50da\u96c6\u56e2\u4e0e\u4e2d\u592e\u5b98\u50da\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u5bf9\u5cd9\u3001\u535a\u5f08\u3001\u59a5\u534f\u548c\u5e73\u8861\u4e86\u3002
\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u5e7f\u4e1c\u3001\u4e0a\u6d77\u7b49\u7b49\u5404\u5730\u65b9\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u56e2\u4e0e\u4e2d\u592e\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u535a\u5f08\u6e38\u620f\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u6869\u5178\u578b\u662f\u5e7f\u4e1c\u6a2a\u7434\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u8be5\u6848\u76f8\u5f53\u516c\u5f00\u5730\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u5e7f\u4e1c\u4e0e\u73b0\u4e2d\u592e\u660e\u663e\u7684\u5bf9\u6297\u6027\u535a\u5f08\u30022005\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u7ca4\u6e2f\u6fb3\u4e09\u5730\u8fd1\u767e\u540d\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u4ee3\u8868\u8d74\u6a2a\u7434\u5c9b\u8003\u5bdf\uff1b9\u4e2d\u65ec\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u603b\u7406\u6e29\u5bb6\u5b9d\u89c6\u5bdf\u4e86\u6a2a\u7434\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f3a\u8c03\u6a2a\u7434\u662f\u201c\u5b9d\u5730\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u8981\u6c42\u5730\u65b9\u8bf8\u4faf\u8981\u201c\u8c0b\u540e\u800c\u52a8\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e71\u52a8\u201d\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u8457\u6025\u5f00\u53d1\u62db\u5546\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1b\u4f46\u636e\u62a5\u73e0\u6d77\u5374\u5728\u540c\u5e7410\u6708\u4efd\u5728\u4e09\u85e9\u5e02\u8ddf\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e00\u5bb6\u8d4c\u4e1a\u96c6\u56e2\u7b7e\u7ea6\uff0c\u6b32\u5728\u6a2a\u7434\u5206\u516d\u671f\u53d1\u5c55\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u62c9\u65af\u7ef4\u52a0\u65af\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\u7684\u6e21\u5047\u6751\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5730\u65b9\u6709\u610f\u8054\u5408\u5404\u8bf8\u4faf\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u80a1\u5bf9\u4e2d\u592e\u7684\u538b\u529b\u3002\uff08\u6ce84\uff09
\u53e6\u4e00\u6848\u4f8b\u662f\u4e0d\u4e45\u524d\u7684\u5185\u5916\u8d44\u4f01\u4e1a\u201c\u4e24\u7a0e\u5408\u4e00\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u56f4\u7ed5\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u535a\u5f08\u4e5f\u6fc0\u70c8\u5c55\u5f00\u3002\u4ece\u9635\u8425\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5927\u4f53\u662f\u4e2d\u592e\u7ba1\u8d22\u7684\u90e8\u95e8\u3001\u5185\u8d44\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u90e8\u5206\u4e13\u5bb6\u5b66\u8005\u4e3a\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u5219\u662f\u4e2d\u592e\u7ba1\u5546\u7684\u90e8\u95e8\u3001\u5916\u8d44\u4f01\u4e1a\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u30022005\u5e741\u670812\u65e5\uff0c\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u957f\u91d1\u4eba\u5e86\u516c\u5f00\u8868\u793a:\u201c\u7edf\u4e00\u5185\u5916\u8d44\u4f01\u4e1a\u6240\u5f97\u7a0e\u7a0e\u7387\u5df2\u7ecf\u8feb\u5728\u7709\u776b\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u65f6\u673a\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u62d6\u4e86\u3002\u201d\u4f46\u4e5f\u51e0\u4e4e\u5c31\u5728\u540c\u65f6\uff0c2005\u5e741\u67085\u65e5\uff0c\u4e00\u4efd\u540d\u4e3a\u300a\u5728\u534e\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u8de8\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\u5bf9\u65b0\u4f01\u4e1a\u6240\u5f97\u7a0e\u6cd5\u7684\u82e5\u5e72\u770b\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u51fa\u53f0\u3002\u62a5\u544a\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u65b0\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u6240\u5f97\u7a0e\u6cd5\u80fd\u591f\u5c31\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u4f18\u60e0\u653f\u7b56\u7ed9\u4e88\u5916\u5546\u6295\u8d44\u4f01\u4e1a5\uff5e10\u5e74\u7684\u8fc7\u6e21\u671f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5e0c\u671b\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u65b0\u4f01\u4e1a\u6240\u5f97\u7a0e\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5408\u7406\u7684\u3001\u5177\u6709\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u201d\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u6240\u5f97\u7a0e\u7387\u3002\u8fd9\u4efd\u62a5\u544a\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u5916\u8d44\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u201c\u8054\u5408\u4e0a\u4e66\u201d\u3002\u66f4\u6709\u4eba\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5916\u8d44\u4f01\u4e1a\u8054\u624b\u8981\u631f\u5317\u4eac\u30022005\u5e743\u6708\u7684\u5317\u4eac\u201c\u4e24\u4f1a\u201d\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u201c\u4e24\u7a0e\u5408\u4e00\u201d\u7684\u8bae\u6848\u6ca1\u80fd\u4ed8\u8bf8\u8868\u51b3\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7edf\u4e00\u5185\u5916\u8d44\u4f01\u4e1a\u6240\u5f97\u7a0e\u7a0e\u7387\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u518d\u6b21\u906d\u5230\u632b\u8d25\u3002\u300a\u534e\u5c14\u8857\u65e5\u62a5\u300b\u5bf9\u6b64\u62a5\u9053\u8bf4:\u201c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5916\u8d44\u4f01\u4e1a\u6682\u65f6\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u80dc\u5229\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u8be5\u535a\u5f08\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u4e2d\u8d44\u4f01\u4e1a\u6bd4\u5916\u8d44\u4f01\u4e1a\u7565\u900a\u4e00\u7b79\u3002\uff08\u6ce85\uff09
\u8fd9\u5c31\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u4fdd\u969c\u5229\u76ca\u535a\u5f08\u76f8\u5bf9\u516c\u6b63\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\uff1f\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u51b3\u5229\u76ca\u535a\u5f08\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff1f\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5229\u76ca\u535a\u5f08\u4e2d\u6d6e\u73b0\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\uff1f
\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u53d8\u8fc1\u7531\u4e8e\u7f3a\u4e4f\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u76f8\u5e94\u53d8\u5316\u2014\u2014\u7f3a\u4e4f\u53f8\u6cd5\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u8206\u8bba\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u53cd\u5bf9\u515a\u76d1\u7763\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u9009\u4e3e\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u6743\u76ca\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5baa\u653f\u67b6\u6784\u4e0a\u7684\u660e\u786e\u5212\u5206\u2014\u2014\u56e0\u800c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u8f6c\u578b\u65f6\u6709\u7578\u5f62\uff0c\u5229\u5f0a\u53c2\u534a\u3002
\u5982\uff0c\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u5546\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d1\u80b2\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u4e3b\u4f53\u3002\u8fc7\u53bb\u5341\u51e0\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u4e1a\u79ef\u805a\u4e86\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u96c6\u56e2\u4ee5\u81ea\u89c9\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u751a\u81f3\u96c6\u4f53\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u5f71\u54cd\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u98ce\u5411\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u3002\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u56e2\u6700\u6709\u6548\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u662f\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u884c\u653f\u6743\u529b\u7ed3\u76df\u3002\u8fd1\u4e9b\u5e74\u6765\u5728\u653f\u7ee9\u3001\u8d22\u653f\u538b\u529b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u79cd\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\u4fc3\u53d1\u4e0b\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u7ecf\u8425\u57ce\u5e02\u201d\u201c\u51fa\u552e\u571f\u5730\u201d\u7684\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u7ed3\u76df\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u5458\u5728\u571f\u5730\u5f81\u7528\u3001\u5730\u76ae\u51fa\u8ba9\u3001\u5de5\u7a0b\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u8150\u8d25\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u66f4\u6210\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u8054\u76df\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7c98\u5408\u5242\u3002\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u5bf9\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u7684\u8c03\u63a7\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u53cd\u8c03\u63a7\u7684\u535a\u5f08\uff0c\u662f2005 \u5e74\u6d89\u53ca\u5229\u76ca\u9762\u6700\u5e7f\u3001\u535a\u5f08\u6280\u5de7\u6700\u7eaf\u719f\u3001\u60ac\u5ff5\u6700\u591a\u3001\u7ed3\u5c40\u4e5f\u6700\u6251\u6714\u8ff7\u79bb\u7684\u4e00\u573a\u535a\u5f08\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\uff0c\u800c\u66f4\u4ee4\u4eba\u5370\u8c61\u6df1\u523b\u7684\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u7531\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u5f00\u53d1\u5546\u548c\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u53cd\u8c03\u63a7\u3002\u4e00\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u9e7f\u6b7b\u8c01\u624b\uff1f\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u80f6\u7740\u72b6\u6001\u663e\u7136\u8fd8\u4e0d\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u786e\u5207\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff08\u6ce85\uff09\u3002\u800c\u6700\u8fd1\u51e0\u5e74\uff0c\u7164\u70ad\u3001\u7535\u4fe1\u3001\u77f3\u6cb9\u3001\u7535\u529b\u548c\u6c7d\u8f66\u7b49\u5784\u65ad\u6216\u5f3a\u52bf\u7684\u4ea7\u4e1a\u96c6\u56e2\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u56e2\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5236\u5b9a\u4ea7\u751f\u660e\u663e\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u653f\u6cbb\u67b6\u6784\u5185\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u8054\u76df\u548c\u535a\u5f08\u7ed3\u679c\u5bf9\u591a\u6570\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\u662f\u8d1f\u9762\u7684\u3002
\u9274\u4e8e\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5177\u4f53\u6cd5\u89c4\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\uff0c\u53c8\u9274\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0d\u50cf\u897f\u65b9\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5c1a\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ee5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u538b\u529b\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5f71\u54cd\u653f\u7b56\u5bfc\u81f4\u5236\u5ea6\u6539\u6b63\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u5386\u53f2\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6709\u4e9b\u8981\u6c42\u5236\u5ea6\u53d8\u8fc1\u7684\u538b\u529b\u662f\u7531\u7a81\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\uff0c\u5982\uff0c\u5b59\u5fd7\u521a\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff08\u6210\u529f\uff09\u3001\u8428\u65af\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff08\u4ea7\u751f\u90e8\u5206\u6548\u679c\uff09\u3001\u592a\u77f3\u6751\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff08\u5c1a\u672a\u6210\u529f\uff09\u90fd\u662f\u663e\u4f8b\u3002\u65e0\u5eb8\u8bb3\u8a00\uff0c\u56e0\u5b59\u5fd7\u521a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u6536\u5bb9\u6cd5\u7684\u53d6\u6d88\uff1b\u79c1\u4eba\u96c6\u8d44\uff08\u56e0\u5b59\u5927\u5348\u6848\u7b49\uff09\u7684\u9010\u6b65\u677e\u7ed1\uff1b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u5404\u6709\u5173\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u538b\u529b\u548c\u6e38\u8bf4\u7684\u8bf1\u5bfc\u4e0b\uff0c\u53d6\u6d88\u519c\u4e1a\u7a0e\uff1b\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u9010\u6b65\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u53d6\u6d88\u6237\u7c4d\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u2026.\u7b49\u7b49\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c6\u4e3a\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u53d8\u8fc1\u3002
\u4ece\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5bfc\u5411\u653f\u6cbb
\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u5bb6\u90fd\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4e86\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u4e0e\u4e2d\u592e\u7684\u535a\u5f08\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7a81\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u53d8\u8fc1\u4e2d\uff0c\u63ba\u8fdb\u4e86\u65b0\u65e7\u4e2d\u592e\u7684\u6d3e\u522b\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u5bf9\u5cd9\uff0c\u4e24\u5957\u535a\u5f08\uff1a1\uff09\u4e2d\u592evs. \u5730\u65b9\uff0c 2\uff09\u65b0\u4e2d\u592e\uff08\u56e2\u6d3e\uff09 vs. \u8001\u4e2d\u592e\uff08\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e2e\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u5957\u535a\u5f08\u4e92\u76f8\u7ea0\u7f20\u4e92\u76f8\u7275\u626f\uff0c\u4f60\u4e2d\u6709\u6211\uff0c\u6211\u4e2d\u6709\u4f60\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u4f7f\u5f97\u6e38\u620f\u66f4\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u96be\u4e8e\u6c34\u843d\u77f3\u51fa\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u6d3e\u90fd\u96be\u4e8e\u83b7\u5f97\u538b\u5012\u6027\u80dc\u5229\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5426\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e2d\u5171\u4f53\u7cfb\u5185\u7684\u6d3e\u522b\u5236\u8861\u5f00\u59cb\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5c1a\u6709\u5f85\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u662f\u65e0\u7591\u7684\u3002\u5728\u5f3a\u4eba\u5df2\u7ecf\u6d88\u901d\u7684\u4e2d\u5171\u4f53\u7cfb\u5185\uff0c\u515a\u5185\u6d3e\u522b\u7684\u516c\u5f00\u5316\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d3e\u522b\u529b\u91cf\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u9690\u6027\u5236\u8861\u5982\u4f55\u9010\u6b65\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u5728\u5ba2\u89c2\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u8bf1\u5bfc\u9a71\u8feb\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u8d70\u5411\u516c\u5f00\u5316\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u6027\u7684\u5236\u8861\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u53d8\u8fc1\u8d70\u5411\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u57fa\u70b9\u3002
\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u548c\u535a\u5f08\uff0c\u5c06\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u52fe\u753b\u51fa\u4e2d\u5171\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5730\u56fe\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u6c11\u56fd\u521d\u5e74\u7684\u201c\u653f\u4ee4\u96be\u51fa\u5317\u4eac\u201d\u7684\u5c40\u9762\u5c06\u4e0d\u53ef\u6297\u62d2\u5730\u3001\u7f13\u7f13\u5730\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u6d6e\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u67d0\u4e9b\u7aef\u502a\u3002
\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u7ade\u4e89\u4e2d\u80dc\u51fa\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u5730\uff0c\u535a\u5f08\u5404\u65b9\u90fd\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u7ed3\u76df\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u535a\u5f08\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8d8b\u5411\u5267\u70c8\uff0c\u535a\u5f08\u53cc\u65b9\uff08\u591a\u65b9\uff09\uff0c\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u6253\u51fa\u5438\u5f15\u4eba\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8bc9\u6c42\uff0c\u8bc9\u8bf8\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u4e0b\u5c42\uff0c\u53d1\u52a8\u793e\u4f1a\u529b\u91cf\u8d77\u6765\u53c2\u4e0e\u535a\u5f08\uff0c\u6253\u51fb\u3001\u524a\u5f31\u5bf9\u65b9\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e2d\u5171\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u65e9\u5df2\u4e27\u5931\u5176\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u5728\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ea\u8981\u80fd\u5728\u535a\u5f08\u4e2d\u83b7\u80dc\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u62e9\u4efb\u4f55\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u60dc\u8d85\u8d8a\u5176\u515a\u5185\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8bc9\u6c42\u662f\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4e3a\u5438\u5f15\u652f\u6301\u8005
\uff08\u6ce86\uff09\u3002
\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e00\u65e6\u4eae\u51fa\u4e86\u8bc9\u8bf8\u67d0\u4e9b\u6c11\u95f4\u5229\u76ca\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u65d7\u5e1c\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u4ee5\u4ed6\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u4e3a\u8f6c\u79fb\u5730\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u88ab\u8fd9\u4e00\u65d7\u5e1c\uff08\u7b26\u53f7\uff09\u6536\u7f16\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u76df\u5c06\u5f71\u54cd\u8be5\u653f\u6cbb\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u56e2\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u5149\u8c31\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8bf1\u5bfc\u6027\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u53d8\u8fc1\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u53ef\u6297\u62d2\u7684\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u57df\u3002\u4ece\u800c\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9010\u6b65\u8bf1\u5bfc\u51fa\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff08\u5de6\u53f3\u7ffc\uff09\u653f\u515a\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u683c\u5c40\u3002
\u4ece\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5bfc\u5411\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5386\u7a0b\u662f\u9884\u793a\u4e86\u5386\u53f2\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u6f14\u53d8\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u4e0d\u96be\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f53\u4ee3\u5236\u5ea6\u53d8\u8fc1\u7684\u74f6\u9888\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u57df\u3002\u4e0d\u7a81\u7834\u8fd9\u4e00\u74f6\u9888\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6539\u9769\u5f80\u5f80\u906d\u81f4\u4e25\u91cd\u626d\u66f2\u3002\u6709\u9274\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u96c6\u4e2d\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u4e5f\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u8bf1\u5bfc\u6027\u5236\u5ea6\u53d8\u8fc1\u3002
\u6c11\u95f4\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u6743\u529b\u5f53\u5c40
\u4ece\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u533a\u9694\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6c11\u95f4\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u5f53\u5c40\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u5cd9\u4e0e\u535a\u5f08\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u4e0e\u4e24\u848b\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u53f0\u6e7e\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u4ecd\u662f\u53ef\u8d44\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6700\u4e3a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8f6c\u578b\uff0c\u5404\u754c\u7684\u671f\u5f85\u90fd\u76f8\u5f53\u60b2\u89c2\u3002\u4e0d\u5c11\u8bba\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u4e2d\u5171\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u5916\u4ea4\u5904\u5883\u6bd4\u5f53\u5e74\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u597d\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u848b\u7ecf\u56fd\u89e3\u7981\u524d\u5915\u90a3\u79cd\u5371\u5982\u7d2f\u5375\u7684\u5185\u5916\u538b\u529b\u4e0e\u8bf1\u56e0\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e2d\u5357\u6d77\u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u5728\u52a8\u56e0\u6765\u63a8\u52a8\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u8f6c\u578b\u3002
\u6b64\u8bdd\u4e0d\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u9053\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u77ed\u671f\u770b\u6765\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002
\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4ece\u8f83\u957f\u65f6\u6bb5\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u5f62\u52bf\u8bf4\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u5185\u5916\u5904\u5883\u5e76\u4e0d\u6bd4\u5f53\u5e74\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5f3a\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u770b\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff1a1\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u5899\u5012\u584c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e16\u754c\u5d29\u6e83\u4e4b\u540e\u30022\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u6743\u4e13\u5236\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u5728\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u56fd\u5bb6\u5df2\u7ecf\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u4e4b\u540e\u30023\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e0\u5176\u6267\u653f\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e03\u5343\u4e07\u56fd\u6c11\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u7136\u9690\u7792\u771f\u76f8\uff0c\u4e25\u63a7\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u901a\u7684\u653f\u6743\u3002
\u6709\u4eba\u81ea\u7136\u4f1a\u8bba\u53ca\u8fd1\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\u56fd\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d77\u98de\u5bf9\u5176\u7edf\u6cbb\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u7684\u8865\u507f\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u8981\u5fd8\u8bb0\uff0c\u5f53\u5e74\u53f0\u6e7e\u540c\u6837\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d77\u98de\uff0c\u4e14\u662f\u4e9a\u6d32\u201c\u56db\u5c0f\u9f99\u201d\u7684\u4f7c\u4f7c\u8005\uff0c\u4eba\u5747\u6536\u5165\u8fdc\u6bd4\u4eca\u5929\u5927\u9646\u9ad8\uff0c\u800c\u8d2b\u5bcc\u5dee\u8ddd\u8fdc\u6bd4\u4eca\u5929\u5927\u9646\u5c0f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ece\u8f83\u957f\u65f6\u6bb5\u548c\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u73b0\u884c\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u4e0d\u534f\u8c03\u6027\u4e0e\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u53f6\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u653f\u6743\u7684\u4e0d\u534f\u8c03\u6027\u662f\u6709\u5176\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\u7684\u3002\u800c\u5f53\u5e74\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u5a01\u6743\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u4e0e\u5f53\u4eca\u5317\u4eac\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u90fd\u540c\u6837\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4e86\u5176\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u4e0d\u534f\u8c03\u6027\u53ca\u5176\u5fc5\u7136\u6539\u53d8\uff08\u5426\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5927\u91cf\u9001\u5b50\u5973\u5bb6\u5c5e\u653e\u6d0b\u6b27\u7f8e\u5e76\u7f6e\u4ea7\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6210\u529f\u6539\u5236\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u201c\u7acb\u529f\u3001\u7acb\u8a00\u3001\u7acb\u5fb7\u201d\u7684\u8bf1\u56e0\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e0d\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u7684\u3002
\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ece\u53f0\u6e7e\u6c11\u95f4\u529b\u91cf\u6f14\u8fdb\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7ecf\u9a8c\u770b\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u6c11\u95f4\u529b\u91cf\u4e0e\u5317\u4eac\u7684\u535a\u5f08\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u70b9\u4e0e\u76f8\u4f3c\u5904\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u662f\u9976\u6709\u610f\u5473\u7684\u3002
\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e4b\u70b9\u9996\u5148\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5f53\u5c40\u4e0e\u6c11\u95f4\u7684\u7d27\u5f20\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee5\u53ca\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u7684\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u6e90\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u672a\u66fe\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u65e7\u6848\u201c\u60c5\u7ed3\u201d\uff1a\u53f0\u6e7e\u662f1947\u5e74\u7684\u201c\u4e8c.\u4e8c\u516b\u201d\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5927\u9646\u5219\u662f1989\u5e74\u7684\u201c\u516d\u56db\u201d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u51a4\u6848\u4e0d\u7ed3\uff0c\u6c11\u6028\u672a\u4e86\u3002
\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5927\u9646\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u7684\u5a01\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7edf\u6cbb\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\u4e24\u848b\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e5f\u9887\u591a\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff1a\u5982\uff1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u65e5\u76ca\u8d70\u5411\u5e02\u573a\u5316\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u5316\uff0c\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7559\u5b66\u751f\u53bb\u897f\u65b9\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u4ea6\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f52\u56fd\u5bfb\u6c42\u53d1\u5c55\uff1b\u4f46\u5f53\u5c40\u4ecd\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u4e25\u63a7\u65b0\u95fb\u5a92\u4f53\uff0c\u5468\u671f\u6027\u65f6\u677e\u65f6\u7d27\u5730\u9547\u538b\u5f02\u8bae\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u6d77\u5916\u5f02\u8bae\u4eba\u58eb\u5f52\u56fd\u3002
\u53f0\u6e7e\u5f53\u5e74\u7f8e\u4e3d\u5c9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5bf9\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e\u7684\u519b\u6cd5\u4e0e\u53f8\u6cd5\u5ba1\u5224\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e00\u6279\u8fa9\u62a4\u5f8b\u5e08\u7834\u571f\u800c\u51fa\u3002\u5927\u9646\u8fd1\u5e74\u4e3a\u5f31\u52bf\u7fa4\u4f53\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u6559\u4f1a\u548c\u6cd5\u8f6e\u529f\u4fee\u70bc\u8005\u4eec\u8fa9\u62a4\u7684\u7ef4\u6743\u5f8b\u5e08\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5371\u9669\u6781\u5927\uff0c\u62a5\u916c\u6781\u5c11\uff0c\u5e94\u8005\u5be5\u5be5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6bd5\u7adf\u5802\u5802\u7687\u7687\u5730\u7ad9\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f8b\u5e08\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u53d8\u8fc1\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u5e76\u5c06\u8981\u53d1\u6325\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u6c11\u95f4\u7684\u51dd\u805a\u6027\u548c\u4ee3\u8a00\u4eba\u529f\u80fd\uff08\u6ce87\uff09\u3002
\u5f53\u5e74\u53f0\u6e7e\u5a01\u6743\u5f53\u5c40\u5728\u5728\u53d7\u5230\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b49\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8c34\u8d23\u4e0e\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8f6c\u578b\u7531\u4e8e\u5173\u7cfb\u5168\u7403\u683c\u5c40\u751a\u6df1\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u53d7\u5230\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u66f4\u5f3a\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u4e3b\u6d41\u793e\u4f1a\u53ca\u5176\u653f\u6cbb\u6f6e\u6d41\u7684\u538b\u529b\u4e5f\u66f4\u5927\u3002
\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u578b\u52a8\u529b\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u3002
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u7701\u7c4d\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u653f\u6743\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u975e\u672c\u571f\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u7ed9\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u7684\u6c11\u610f\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\uff1b\u800c\u5927\u9646\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u3002
\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5f53\u5e74\u53f0\u6e7e\u5f53\u5c40\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u4f9d\u8d56\u592a\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6218\u7565\u52a8\u5411\u5bf9\u5b83\u6709\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u57281972\u5e74\u4e0e1986\u5e74\u7684\u4e24\u6b21\u8f6c\u578b\u90fd\u6709\u6781\u5f3a\u7684\u88ab\u8feb\u5bfb\u6c42\u751f\u8def\u7684\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u7531\u4e8e\u4eba\u53e3\u4f17\u591a\uff0c\u5e45\u5458\u5e7f\u5927\uff0c\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u56de\u65cb\u4f59\u5730\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u53d7\u5916\u90e8\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u5f71\u54cd\u5e76\u4e0d\u53ca\u53f0\u6e7e\u5927\u3002
\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u6c11\u95f4\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u5cd9\u4e0e\u535a\u5f08\uff0c\u5f53\u5e74\u53f0\u6e7e\u7531\u4e8e\u5730\u57df\u72ed\u5c0f\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u63ba\u6742\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u5355\u7eaf\uff0c\u9635\u7ebf\u5206\u660e\uff1b\u800c\u5f53\u4ee3\u5927\u9646\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5730\u57df\u5e7f\u5927\uff0c\u5229\u76ca\u5212\u5206\u5c42\u6b21\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u6c11\u95f4\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u535a\u5f08\u540c\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u535a\u5f08\u76f8\u4e92\u4ea4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u9519\u7efc\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5bf9\u6297\u4e0e\u7ed3\u76df\u5173\u7cfb\u3002
\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u9274\u4e8e\u53f0\u6e7e\u4e0e\u5927\u9646\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d77\u98de\u7684\u5185\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u548c\u6761\u4ef6\uff08\u521d\u59cb\u4ea7\u6743\u72b6\u51b5\u3001\u6743\u529b\u4ecb\u5165\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7b49\uff09\u5f88\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u53f0\u6e7e\u8d2b\u5bcc\u5dee\u522b\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u800c\u5927\u9646\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6210\u957f\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u6781\u5927\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0d\u516c\uff0c\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u8d2b\u5bcc\u4e0d\u5747\uff08\u57fa\u5c3c\u7cfb\u6570\u5df2\u8fbe\u4e34\u754c\u503c\uff09\uff0c\u5f31\u52bf\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u4e4b\u4f17\u548c\u88ab\u5265\u593a\u611f\u4e4b\u6df1\u7a7a\u524d\u5f3a\u70c8\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u975e\u548c\u8c10\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7d27\u5f20\u4e4b\u6e90\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u548c\u8c10\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a\u662f\u516c\u5e73\u6e38\u620f\u89c4\u5219\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff08\u6cd5\u6cbb\uff09\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u6240\u8fbe\u6210\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u548c\u8c10\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u5c01\u95ed\u538b\u529b\u4e0b\uff08\u4eba\u6cbb\uff09\u4e25\u5bc6\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236\u7684\u9759\u6001\u548c\u8c10\uff1f
\u7b2c\u4e94\uff0c\u5927\u9646\u653f\u6743\u4ecd\u5b58\u5728\u5171\u4ea7\u540e\u9057\u75c7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5b83\u5bf9\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u638c\u63a7\u6bd4\u5f53\u5e74\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u7684\u638c\u63a7\u8fdc\u4e3a\u5f3a\u5927\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u52a8\u6743\u529b\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5206\u4e00\u676f\u7fb9\u7ed9\u90e8\u5206\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u548c\u90e8\u5206\u77e5\u8bc6\u7cbe\u82f1\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7ed3\u6210\u6240\u8c13\u6743\u529b\u7cbe\u82f1\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7cbe\u82f1\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u7cbe\u82f1\u4e09\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u56e2\u7edf\u6cbb\u8054\u76df\uff08\u5f53\u7136\u4e09\u7cbe\u82f1\u96c6\u56e2\u5728\u8054\u76df\u4e2d\u5730\u4f4d\u5e76\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u4f7f\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u7684\u758f\u6563\u548c\u5236\u8861\u4e4b\u8def\u66f4\u4e3a\u8270\u56f0\u3002
\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u4ee3\u5927\u9646\u5317\u4eac\u653f\u6743\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6839\u672c\u7684\u201c\u963f\u5580\u7409\u65af\u4e4b\u8e35\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u4f53\u5927\u8d25\u4ea1\u6f6e\u6d41\u4e2d\u7684\u52c9\u529b\u652f\u6491\u7684\u5b64\u5c9b\uff0c\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u523a\u773c\u7684\u5168\u7403\u6b8b\u5b58\u793e\u4f1a\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u5b83\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u5916\u58f3\u7684\u5f7b\u5e95\u5206\u88c2\u5df2\u7ecf\u89e6\u76ee\u60ca\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u5386\u53f2\u6240\u7f55\u89c1\u3002\u6709\u9274\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u5176\u5bf9\u4fe1\u606f\u7981\u9522\u7684\u4e25\u5389\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u89e6\u76ee\u60ca\u5fc3\uff0c\u7f55\u6709\u5339\u654c\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6ce8\u5b9a\u6d88\u4ea1\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u5b58\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u5b83\u9664\u4e86\u5baa\u653f\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u522b\u65e0\u51fa\u8def\u3002\u800c\u5f53\u5e74\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u653f\u5e9c\u5c1a\u65e0\u5982\u6b64\u4e25\u9177\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u975e\u6cd5\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5317\u4eac\u4e0d\u53ca\u5f53\u5e74\u53f0\u5317\u7684\u6700\u865a\u5f31\u4e4b\u5904\u3002
\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e4b\u4e89
\u5c31\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6c11\u95f4\u793e\u4f1a\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u503c\u5f97\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e0e\u53f0\u6e7e\u5f53\u5e74\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e\u9887\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u7684\u591a\u5143\u6297\u4e89\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7c7b\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u4e0e\u535a\u5f08\uff0c\u662f\u5927\u9646\u653f\u6cbb\u53d8\u8fc1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u53c8\u4e00\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u53d8\u6570\u3002
\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u95f4\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u591a\u5143\u529b\u91cf\u4e5f\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u4ea4\u76f8\u6fc0\u8361\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u653f\u515a\u53d7\u5230\u8d85\u4e25\u9547\u538b\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u7ecf\u610f\u95f4\uff0c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7fa4\u4f53\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e95\u5c42\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7a81\u7136\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u8fd1\u51e0\u5e74\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u5317\u4eac\u5f53\u5c40\u5f3a\u70c8\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u4e0e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6709\u5173\u3002\u5e7f\u4e49\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff08\u65b0\u6559\u4e0e\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\uff09\u4fe1\u4f17\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u8fc5\u901f\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u5bb6\u5ead\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u904d\u5730\u71ce\u539f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0e\u68b5\u8482\u5188\u53ca\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u7f57\u9a6c\u6559\u7687\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6b89\u6559\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4fe1\u5f92\u201c\u5c01\u5723\u201d\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5728\u5728\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e00\u65e5\u76ca\u5e7f\u5927\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u6210\u4e3a\u628a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7eb3\u5165\u4e16\u754c\u4e3b\u6d41\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5f15\u5bfc\u6027\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u6cd5\u8f6e\u529f\u7fa4\u4f53\u57281999\u5e74\u906d\u53d7\u9547\u538b\u53d6\u7f14\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u98ce\u8d77\u4e91\u6d8c\uff0c\u5176\u4fe1\u4f17\u4e0d\u5c48\u4e0d\u6320\u524d\u4ec6\u540e\u7ee7\u957f\u8fbe\u516d\u5e74\u591a\u7684\u7ec3\u529f\u6297\u8bae\u3002\u85cf\u4f20\u4f5b\u6559\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u7b2c\u5341\u56db\u4e16\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u5d07\u9ad8\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u6027\u58f0\u671b\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0d\u6ee1\u5317\u4eac\u538b\u5236\u5b97\u6559\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u897f\u85cf\u7b2c\u4e09\u53f7\u7cbe\u795e\u9886\u8896\uff0c\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u5676\u739b\u5df4\u6d3b\u4f5b\u4ece\u897f\u85cf\u51fa\u9003\u5230\u5370\u5ea6\u4f1a\u89c1\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u2026\u2026\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u5317\u4eac\u7ede\u5c3d\u8111\u6c41\u7684\u7cbe\u5bc6\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u6311\u8d77\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u201c\u5723\u6218\u201d\u5df2\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8303\u56f4\u4e86\u3002\u5317\u4eac\u52a8\u7528\u653f\u6743\u529b\u91cf\u5f3a\u529b\u9547\u538b\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u72b9\u5982\u7528\u62f3\u5934\u6253\u5728\u68c9\u82b1\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4fe1\u8005\u8f6f\u786c\u4e0d\u5403\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u5185\uff0c\u6c11\u95f4\u7684\u201c\u653f\u6cd5\u7cfb\u201d\u5f00\u59cb\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u7ef4\u6743\u5f8b\u5e08\u524d\u8d74\u540e\u7ee7\uff0c\u5f8b\u5e08\u80cc\u9760\u5baa\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u6cd5\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u624d\u80fd\u4e3a\u51ed\u501f\uff0c\u7ef4\u62a4\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8005\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u6743\u5229\u3002\u9010\u6e10\u5f62\u6210\u67d0\u79cd\u6c11\u95f4\u5236\u8861\u529b\u91cf\uff08\u6ce87\uff09\u3002\u800c\u5f53\u5c40\u4eba\u4e3a\u5730\u5236\u9020\u5343\u5343\u4e07\u4e07\u7684\u201c\u654c\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u628a\u975e\u653f\u6cbb\u529b\u91cf\u53d8\u6210\u653f\u6cbb\u5bf9\u624b\uff0c\u628a\u5b97\u6559\u6216\u51c6\u5b97\u6559\u95ee\u9898\u5316\u4e3a\u4e16\u4fd7\u6743\u529b\u7684\u4e89\u593a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u628a\u201c\u826f\u6c11\u201d\u63a8\u5230\u4e86\u653f\u6743\u7684\u5bf9\u9762\u5e76\u8d23\u4e3a\u201c\u5201\u6c11\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u4e3a\u6e0a\u9a71\u9c7c\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e1b\u9a71\u96c0\u201d\uff0c\u4eb2\u624b\u5236\u9020\u4e86\u7cfb\u5217\u51a4\u72f1\uff0c\u6536\u83b7\u4e86\u904d\u91ce\u6297\u8bae\uff0c\u201c\u6309\u4e0b\u846b\u82a6\u8d77\u4e86\u74e2\u201d\u3002 \u5176\u6349\u895f\u89c1\u8098\u4e4b\u6001\uff0c\u5df2\u5f15\u8d77\u56fd\u9645\u8206\u8bba\u5927\u54d7\u3002
\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e4b\u4e89\uff0c\u6216\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u4e4b\u4e89\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u8d77\u5229\u76ca\u4e4b\u4e89\u6765\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u59a5\u534f\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5229\u76ca\u662f\u4e2a\u591a\u5c11\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5c1a\u53ef\u8ba8\u4ef7\u8fd8\u4ef7\uff1b\u800c\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u6709\u65e0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u5f04\u6210\u96f6-\u548c\u6e38\u620f\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e4b\u4e89\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u53cd\u590d\u7684\u60e8\u75db\u6559\u8bad\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u8c01\u4e5f\u5403\u4e0d\u6389\u8c01\u7684\u65f7\u65e5\u6301\u4e45\u75b2\u60eb\u4e0d\u582a\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u6216\u4e89\u6597\u4e2d\uff0c\u65b9\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u5386\u53f2\u667a\u6167\u3002\u6700\u540e\u8fbe\u6210\u201c\u6211\u6d3b\u4f60\u4e5f\u6d3b\u201d\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u5171\u5b58\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u653f\u6559\u5206\u79bb\u7684\u667a\u6167\u3002
\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4fe1\u4ef0\u548c\u51c6\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u56e2\u4f53\u7684\u575a\u97e7\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53ca\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u6027\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u5c06\u4f7f\u5317\u4eac\u5f53\u5c40\u6108\u76ca\u6e05\u695a\u4f53\u8ba4\u5230\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7528\u66b4\u529b\u5c31\u80fd\u6467\u6bc1\u4eba\u4eec\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u73b0\u5df2\u8bc1\u660e\u662f\u901a\u5411\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u201c\u6ed1\u94c1\u5362\u4e4b\u8def\u201d\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u66b4\u529b\u53ea\u80fd\u5236\u9020\u201c\u6b89\u9053\u8005\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u6b89\u9053\u8005\u201d\u6b63\u662f\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u548c\u4f20\u64ad\u673a\u3002\u5317\u4eac\u5c06\u4f1a\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8d64\u88f8\u88f8\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u529b\u91cf\u5f3a\u884c\u5e72\u9884\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u53ea\u4f1a\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u5b64\u5bb6\u5be1\u4eba\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u5927\u53d8\u8fc1\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u6216\u51c6\u5b97\u6559\u529b\u91cf\u4ece\u6765\u90fd\u662f\u53d8\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5bf9\u653f\u6cbb\u7ade\u4e89\u4e2d\u7684\u6709\u5173\u5404\u65b9\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5438\u53d6\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6559\u8bad\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u8d70\u4e0a\u201c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u5bbd\u5bb9\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u591a\u5143\u201d\u4e4b\u9053\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u8d70\u4e0a\u201c\u653f\u6559\u5206\u79bb\u201d\u4e4b\u9053\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u6d88\u89e3\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6027\u6216\u51c6\u5b97\u6559\u6027\u7684\u201c\u5723\u6218\u201d\uff0c\u6446\u8131\u5b97\u6559\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u6743\u529b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7ea0\u7f20\u4e0d\u6e05\u3002
\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u671f\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u6bb5\u653f\u7b56\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u53ca\u5176\u6559\u8bad\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f3a\u529b\u9547\u538b\u548c\u5bbd\u5bb9\u5171\u5b58\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u6240\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u7684\u53cd\u590d\u6bd4\u8f83\u3001\u6743\u8861\u548c\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u5c06\u8bf1\u5bfc\u5317\u4eac\u8d70\u5411\u201c\u7741\u4e00\u53ea\u773c\u95ed\u4e00\u53ea\u773c\u201d\u7684\u627f\u8ba4\u65e2\u6210\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff08\u8ba4\u53ef\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u51c6\u5b97\u6559\u56e2\u4f53\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\uff09\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u518d\u4ece\u8be5\u653f\u7b56\u8d70\u5411\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u81ea\u7531\u3002
\u4e09\u3001\u7ed3\u8bba
\u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e0d\u96be\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u653f\u6cbb\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u8bf1\u5bfc\u6027\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u5ba2\u89c2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0e1986\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u7684\u53f0\u6e7e\u4ee5\u53ca1989-1991\u5e74\u8f6c\u578b\u524d\u5915\u7684\u82cf\u8054\u4e1c\u6b27\u6709\u5176\u76f8\u5f02\u548c\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u6210\u5206\u3002\u848b\u7ecf\u56fd\u5f53\u5e74\u5728\u75db\u82e6\u601d\u8003\u89e3\u4e25\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u66fe\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u529b\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u96be\u5c31\u96be\u5728\u6653\u5f97\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u4e0d\u53bb\u7528\u5b83\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6240\u6709\u6b20\u7f3a\u7edf\u6cbb\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u7684\u5f53\u6743\u8005\u7684\u80ba\u8151\u4e4b\u8a00\u3002\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u7b49\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5f53\u5e74\u848b\u7ecf\u56fd\u5148\u751f\u5bf9\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5224\u65ad\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u76f4\u89c9\u662f\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u591a\u6b21\u95ee\u5238\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u8be2\u95ee1949\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u56db\u4f4d\u6700\u9ad8\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u2014\u2014\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u3001\u848b\u7ecf\u56fd\u3001\u674e\u767b\u8f89\u3001\u9648\u6c34\u6241\u2014\u2014\u5728\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u662f\u848b\u7ecf\u56fd\u9886\u5148\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9886\u5148\u5f88\u591a\uff08\u6ce88\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u76d6\u68fa\u8bba\u5b9a\uff0c\u848b\u7ecf\u56fd\u5f53\u5e74\u7684\u89e3\u4e25\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u4e8e\u516c\u4e8e\u79c1\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002\u90a3\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cc\u8d62\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u51b3\u65ad\u3002
\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8f6c\u578b\u4e4b\u8def\u867d\u7136\u8fd8\u957f\uff0c\u4f46\u5ba2\u89c2\u800c\u8bba\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u8bf1\u5bfc\u6027\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5982\u674e\u614e\u4e4b\u5148\u751f\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u201c\u70c2\u719f\u201d\u4e86\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u70c2\u719f\u7684\u8bf1\u56e0\uff0c\u96f6\u661f\u6563\u843d\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8f74\u7ebf\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u5185\u5916\u538b\u529b\u4e0e\u8bf1\u5bfc\u529b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u4f7f\u4e3b\u653f\u8005\u4ea7\u751f\u201c\u975e\u53d8\u4e0d\u53ef\u201d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u7ecf\u7531\u5e74\u590d\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u987d\u5f3a\u97e7\u6027\u7684\u535a\u5f08\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u79ef\u7d2f\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u79ef\u7d2f\u6c11\u95f4\u7684\u7b79\u7801\u4e0e\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u79ef\u7d2f\u79cd\u79cd\u5ba2\u89c2\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u8bf1\u56e0\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u4e4b\u805a\u5408\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u77ed\u6682\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\u4e0a\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u638c\u6743\u8005\u5a01\u6743\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u7a7a\u51fa\u59a5\u534f\u7684\u201c\u53cc\u8d62\u201d\u7a7a\u95f4\u2014\u2014\u7b80\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u90a3\u4e2a\u201c\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\uff1a\u5f53\u5c40\u5224\u65ad\u201c\u9547\u538b\u6210\u672c\u9ad8\u4e8e\u59a5\u534f\u6210\u672c\u201d\u90a3\u4e00\u4e34\u754c\u70b9\u3002\u90a3\u4e00\u201c\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u8d77\u4e8e\u4e00\u6869\u5076\u7136\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u653e\u773c\u5176\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u4e07\u7d2b\u5343\u7ea2\u7684\u201c\u8bf1\u5bfc\u6027\u8272\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5145\u65a5\u6574\u4e2a\u753b\u9762\uff0c\u4e00\u5e45\u5236\u5ea6\u53d8\u8fc1\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f0f\u201c\u8bfa\u66fc\u5e95\u767b\u9646\u201d\u7684\u6ce2\u6f9c\u58ee\u9614\u7684\u5168\u666f\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u547c\u4e4b\u6b32\u51fa\u4e86\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u90a3\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u4f1a\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u6211\u4eec\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u7b14\u989c\u6599\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u65e0\u7528\u529f\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n
<\/EM>
*********************************
\u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a
\u6ce81\uff1aBuchanan, J.M.\uff0cConstitutional Economics, Oxford: Basil Blackwell Ltd. .
\u6ce82\uff1aSeweryn Bialer, DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL FORCES IN THE FORMATION OF GORBACHEV\u2019S REFORMS, in Alexander Dallin and Gail Lapidus, eds., THE SOVIET SYSTEM IN CRISIS (Boulder, Colo.; Westview,1991) p.35
W.W. Rostow, EASTERN EUROPE AND THE SOVIET UNION: TECHNOLOGICAL TIME WARP, in Daniel Chirot ed., THE CRISIS OF LENINISM AND THE DECLINE OF THE LEFT (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1991), p. 62
\u53c2\u89c1Jialin Zhang, \u201c CHINA\u2019S RESPONSE TO THE DOWNFALL OF COMMUNISM IN EASTERN EUROPE AND THE SOVIET UNION, Essays in public policy (Stanford: Hoover Institution, Stanford University Press, 1994).
\u6ce83\uff1a\u53c2\u89c1 \u4f0a\u68ee\u3002\u845b\u7279\u66fc\uff08Ethan Gutmann\uff09\u8457\uff0c \u4e01\u67ef\u8bd1\uff0c 2005.\u300a\u5931\u53bb\u65b0\u4e2d\u56fd\uff1a\u7f8e\u5546\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u4e0e\u80cc\u53db\u300b\uff0cCalifornia, USA, \u535a\u5927\u51fa\u7248\u793eBroad Press Inc.
\u6ce84\uff1a\u5730\u65b9\u8ddf\u4e2d\u592e\u7684\u535a\u5f08\uff0c\u8fd1\u65e5\u66f4\u6709\u8d8b\u5411\u767d\u70ed\u5316\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61\u3002\u73e0\u6d77\u5e02\u59d4\u4e66\u8bb0\u9093\u7ef4\u9f99\u8fd1\u65e5\u63a5\u53d7\u300a\u9999\u6e2f\u5546\u62a5\u300b\u91c7\u8bbf\u65f6\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1\u6cdb\u73e0\u4e09\u89d2\u6a2a\u7434\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5408\u4f5c\u533a\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u5efa\u8bae\u4e66\u300b\u5df2\u5f81\u6c42\u20189\uff0b2\u2019\u6cdb\u73e0\u4e09\u89d2\u5404\u7701\u533a\u7684\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5730\u65b9\u6709\u610f\u8054\u5408\u5404\u8bf8\u4faf\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u80a1\u5bf9\u4e2d\u592e\u7684\u538b\u529b\u3002
\u5bf9\u6e29\u5bb6\u5b9d\u201c\u8c0b\u540e\u800c\u52a8\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e71\u52a8\u201d\u7684\u6307\u793a\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u4f3c\u662f\u542c\u800c\u4e0d\u95fb\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u63a5\u8fd1\u201c\u516c\u7136\u53cd\u6297\u201d\u7684\u5730\u6b65\u3002\u300a\u9999\u6e2f\u5546\u62a5\u300b1\u670811\u65e5\u5f15\u8ff0\u9093\u7ef4\u9f99\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u73b0\u65f6\u6709\u4e00\u6279\u9879\u76ee\u6b63\u5728\u5f15\u8fdb\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u6d3d\u8c08\u8fdb\u5c55\u987a\u5229\u3002\u636e\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u5f85\u6a2a\u7434\u5c9b\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u89c4\u5212\u51fa\u53f0\u540e\uff0c\u9879\u76ee\u5f15\u8fdb\u5de5\u4f5c\u4f1a\u66f4\u52a0\u660e\u6670\u3002
\uff08\u65b9\u5fb7\u8c6a\uff0c\u201c\u6a2a\u7434\u53d1\u5c55\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff1a\u4e2d\u592e\u5730\u65b9\u535a\u5f08\u4e0d\u65ad\u201d\u3002 \u300a\u4e9a\u6d32\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\u5728\u7ebf\u4e2d\u6587\uff0c2006\/01\/13\uff09
\u6ce85\uff1a\u5b59\u7acb\u5e73\uff0c\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fdb\u5165\u5229\u76ca\u535a\u5f08\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u201d\uff0c\u300a\u4eba\u6c11\u7f51\u300b2005\u5e746\u670827\u65e5\u3002
\u6ce86\uff1a Andrew J. Nathan, CHINA\u2019S CRISIS: DILIMMAS OF REFORM AND PROSPECTS FOR DEMOCRACY. New York: Columbia University Press,1990
\u6ce87\uff1a\u9648\u594e\u5fb7\uff0c\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ef4\u6743\u5f8b\u5e08\u4e0e\u7f8e\u4e3d\u5c9b\u6848\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u9ad8\u667a\u665f\u5f8b\u5e08\u6848\u8c08\u8d77\u201d\u3002 \u300a\u89c2\u5bdf\u300b\u53cc\u6708\u520a\uff0c2006\u5e741\u67085\u65e5\uff0c\u534e\u76db\u987f\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd
\u6ce88\uff1a\u2026\u202615\u5e74\u6765\u5c9b\u5185\u5a92\u4f53\u5bf9\u5386\u4efb\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u6c11\u8c03\uff0c\u4ed6(\u848b\u7ecf\u56fd) \u603b\u662f\u72ec\u5360\u9ccc\u5934\u3002\u848b\u7ecf\u56fd\u901d\u4e1615\u5468\u5e74\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u534a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u5386\u4efb\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\uff0c\u670945%\u7684\u6c11\u4f17\u8ba4\u4e3a\u848b\u7ecf\u56fd\u5bf9\u53f0\u6e7e\u6c11\u4e3b\u53d1\u5c55\u8d21\u732e\u6700\u5927\uff08\u5176\u4f59\u662f\u674e\u767b\u8f8924%\uff0c\u9648\u6c34\u62418%\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f35%\uff09\uff1b61%\u7684\u6c11\u4f17\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7ecf\u56fd\u5148\u751f\u5bf9\u53f0\u6e7e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d21\u732e\u6700\u5927\uff1b50%\u7684\u6c11\u4f17\u89c9\u5f97\u848b\u7ecf\u56fd\u201c\u6267\u653f\u201d\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u98ce\u6c14\u6700\u597d\u3002
\u2014\u2014\u300a\u534e\u590f\u7ecf\u7eac\u7f51\u300b\uff0c02\/09\/2003\uff0c <\/FONT>www.huaxia.com<\/FONT><\/U><\/A>
*********************************
\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff1a
\u6234\u570b\u7147\uff0c1999\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u53f2\u63a2\u5fae\uff1a\u73fe\u5be6\u8207\u53f2\u5be6\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5f80\u9084\u3002\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u5357\u5929
Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 1989. THE GRAND FAILURE: THE BIRTH AND DEATH OF COMMUNISM IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY., New York: Charles Scribner\u2019s Sons
Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 1989\/90. POST COMMUNIST NATIONALISM. Foreign Affairs 68(5): 1-10
Binder, Leonard, Lucian W. Pye, James S. Coleman, Sidney Verba, Joseph Lapalombara, and Myron Weiner, eds. 1971. CRISES AND SEQUENCES IN POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
\u5434\u56fd\u5149\u4e0e\u738b\u5146\u519b\uff0c1994\uff0c \u300a\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\uff1a\u89e3\u6790\u5341\u4e2a\u751f\u6b7b\u6538\u5173\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u300b\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u4e16\u754c\u4e66\u5c40
\u5218\u6653\u6ce2\uff0c2005\uff0c\u300a\u672a\u6765\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u6c11\u95f4\u300b\u3002\u534e\u76db\u987f\uff0c\u52b3\u6539\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u51fa\u7248\u793e
\u79e6\u6656\uff0c1999\uff0c\u300a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u4e3b\u4e49\u300b\u3002\u957f\u6625\uff0c\u957f\u6625\u51fa\u7248\u793e
\u5b59\u7acb\u5e73\uff0c\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fdb\u5165\u5229\u76ca\u535a\u5f08\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u201d\uff0c\u300a\u4eba\u6c11\u7f51\u300b2005\u5e746\u670827\u65e5
\u4f0a\u68ee\u3002\u845b\u7279\u66fc\uff08Ethan Gutmann\uff09\u8457\uff0c \u4e01\u67ef\u8bd1\uff0c 2005.\u300a\u5931\u53bb\u65b0\u4e2d\u56fd\uff1a\u7f8e\u5546\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u4e0e\u80cc\u53db\u300b\uff0cCalifornia, USA, \u535a\u5927\u51fa\u7248\u793eBroad Press Inc.
Francis Fucuyama, 1999, THE GREAT DISRUPTION: HUMAN NATURE AND THE RECONSTITUTION OF SOCIAL ORDER. New York, Touchstone <\/FONT><\/P><\/DIV>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"