{"id":14771,"date":"2010-06-07T15:54:51","date_gmt":"2010-06-07T15:54:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:10081\/?p=14771 "},"modified":"2010-06-07T15:54:51","modified_gmt":"2010-06-07T15:54:51","slug":"14771-revision-v1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/?p=14771","title":{"rendered":"\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49"},"content":{"rendered":"
\r\n
\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8a00\u8bf4\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8272\u5f69\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u8457\u4e8b\u4f8b\u662f\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u6f14\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5728\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5317\u4eac\u5468\u53e3\u5e97\u733f\u4eba\u9057\u5740\u7684\u201c\u5317\u4eac\u4eba\u201d(\u540e\u6765\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e91\u5357\u5143\u8c0b\u4eba)\u5728\u5b98\u65b9\u5ba3\u4f20\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u62a5\u520a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u548c\u901a\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u90fd\u88ab\u8bf4\u6210\u662f\u4eca\u5929\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u7956\u5148\u3002\u5317\u4eac\u733f\u4eba\u6709\u6570\u5341\u4e07\u5e74\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u5143\u8c0b\u4eba\u5219\u66f4\u65e9\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u7956\u5148\u201d\u5f53\u7136\u9996\u5148\u662f\u751f\u7269\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u8840\u7edf\u548c\u9057\u4f20\u3002<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n

<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
\u5728\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u8fdb\u5316\u53f2\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f53\u4eca\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u5047\u8bf4\u662f\u201c\u8d70\u51fa\u975e\u6d32\u201d\u548c\u201c\u66ff\u4ee3\u201d\u8bf4\uff0c\u5373\u4eceDNA\u5206\u6790\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u7c7b(\u667a\u4eba) \u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e1c\u975e\uff0c\u5728\u8ddd\u4eca\u7ea610\u4e07\u523020\u4e07\u5e74\u524d\u4ed6\u4eec\u8d70\u51fa\u975e\u6d32\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u5730\u65b9\u539f\u6765\u7684\u53e4\u4eba\uff08\u53e4\u4eba\u4e5f\u6e90\u4e8e\u975e\u6d32\uff09\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u7956\u5148\u3002\u6b64\u524d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u8fdc\u53e4\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u733f\u4eba\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6f14\u5316\u6210\u4eca\u5929\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u7956\u5148\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u7c7b\u6f14\u5316\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u5143\u8bba\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5f53\u4eca\u4eba\u7c7b\u65e0\u8bba\u79cd\u65cf\u5dee\u522b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u201c\u7956\u5148\u201d\u548c\u9057\u4f20\u4e0a\u662f\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u4eba\u6216\u5143\u8c0b\u4eba\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u201c\u540e\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u548c\u9ed1\u4eba\u540c\u4eab\u4e00\u4e2a\u667a\u4eba\u7684\u201c\u7956\u5148\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u9664\u4e86\u975e\u6d32\u4ee5\u5916\u4eba\u7c7b\u6f14\u5316\u9057\u5740\u548c\u6750\u6599\u6700\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f88\u591a\u5b66\u8005\u6839\u636e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6750\u6599\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5047\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u652f\u6301\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u591a\u5730\u8d77\u6e90\u8bf4\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e1c\u4e9a\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u70b9\u3002<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n

<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5355\u4e00\u8d77\u6e90\u8bf4\u867d\u7136\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u53d7\u5230\u591a\u6570\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u53cd\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u6709\u5b83\u7684\u8d21\u732e(\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u98a0\u8986\u4e86\u767d\u4eba\u4f18\u8d8a\u8bba)\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5047\u8bf4\u3002\u591a\u5730\u8d77\u6e90\u8bf4\u4e5f\u662f\u5047\u8bf4\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u662f\u6781\u5c11\u6570\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u66fe\u7ecf\u88ab\u897f\u65b9\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5229\u7528\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u67d0\u4e9b\u79cd\u65cf\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u548c\u72ec\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u4e5f\u8fd8\u6709\u88ab\u5229\u7528\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u4e0a\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u5b83\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0a\u88ab\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u6839\u636e\u3002\u800c\u5355\u4e00\u8d77\u6e90\u8bf4\u5728\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u4f18\u8d8a\u6027\u201d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u6027\u63d0\u4f9b\u4efb\u4f55\u652f\u6301\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6839\u636e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6750\u6599\u8d28\u7591\u5355\u4e00\u8d77\u6e90\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u591a\u5730\u8d77\u6e90\uff0c\u672c\u6765\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u79d1\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u548c\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u7136\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u4f46\u548c\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u79d1\u5b66\u95ee\u9898(\u4f8b\u5982\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u65f6\u4ee3\u5bf9\u9057\u4f20\u5b66, \u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u548c\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u5b87\u5b99\u8bba\u7684\u6279\u5224)\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e5f\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u6302\u4e0a\u4e86\u94a9\uff0c\u6210\u4e86\u5bf9\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u4ece\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7acb\u573a\u51fa\u53d1\u7684\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u652f\u6491\u3002\u5c31\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4e4f\u8fce\u5408\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u9700\u8981\u66f2\u89e3\u79d1\u5b66\u4e89\u8bba\u4e00\u6837,\u4ece\u4e8b\u53e4\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u4e5f\u5145\u5206\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e13\u4e1a\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8a00\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d, \u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u6709\u610f\u65e0\u610f\u5730\u628a\u5177\u4f53\u5b66\u672f\u7ed3\u8bba\u548c \u201c\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u6559\u80b2\u201d\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n

<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
\u5317\u4eac\u733f\u4eba\u9057\u5740\u5468\u53e3\u5e97\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u5168\u56fd\u91cd\u70b9\u6587\u7269\u4fdd\u62a4\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5b8c\u5168\u5e94\u8be5\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u53c8\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u5168\u56fd\u767e\u5bb6\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u6559\u80b2\u793a\u8303\u57fa\u5730\u201d\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u201c\u7231\u56fd\u201d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5f80\u5f80\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u201c\u6587\u7269\u201d\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u662f\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5355\u4f4d\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u516c\u5171\u53c2\u89c2\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u91cd\u5934\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u8ba9\u4eba\u96be\u4ee5\u4e0d\u4ea7\u751f\u548c\u79cd\u65cf\u89c2\u5ff5\u6709\u5173\u7684\u8054\u60f3\u4e86\u3002\u6570\u5341\u4e07\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u8bf4\u6ca1\u6709\u56fd\u5bb6\u6c11\u65cf\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u8fde\u201c\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec(\u6216\u8005\u201c\u5b83\u4eec\u201d) \u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u9057\u5740\u548c\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u201c\u7231\u56fd\u201d\u626f\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u5462\uff1f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b98\u65b9\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5c31\u662f\u5f3a\u8c03\u8bf4\u201c\u5317\u4eac\u733f\u4eba\u201d\u662f\u4eca\u5929\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u7956\u5148\uff0c\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u201d\u4ece\u6570\u5341\u4e07\u5e74\u524d\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u8840\u8109\u76f8\u627f\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u51fa\u53d1\u5bf9\u6240\u8c13\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u660e\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u4f5c\u51fa\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u6761\u5173\u4e8e2009\u5e74\u6e05\u660e\u8282\u65f6\u5317\u5e08\u5927\u71d5\u5316\u9644\u4e2d\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b66\u6821\u524d\u5f80\u5468\u53e3\u5e97\u201c\u626b\u5893\u201d\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u8bf4\u5e08\u751f\u4eec\u548c\u4e2d\u5171\u623f\u5c71\u533a\u59d4\u5ba3\u4f20\u90e8\u548c\u5468\u53e3\u5e97\u5317\u4eac\u4eba\u9057\u5740\u7ba1\u7406\u5904\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u4eba\u9057\u5740\u535a\u7269\u9986\u524d\u5e7f\u573a\u4e0a\u4e3e\u529e\u4e86\u201c\u2018\u5bfb\u6839\u6eaf\u6e90\u3001\u4f20\u627f\u6587\u660e\u2019\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3b\u9898\u6559\u80b2\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u5f53\u665a\u5317\u4eac\u65b0\u95fb\u4e5f\u5bf9\u6b64\u6b21\u6d3b\u52a8\u505a\u4e86\u5168\u9762\u62a5\u9053\u3002\u201d(1) \u6709\u7684\u5219\u4e0d\u4f46\u628a\u5317\u4eac\u733f\u4eba\u548c\u5f53\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u53f2\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u628a\u9f99–\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u56fe\u817e–\u4e5f\u62c9\u4e86\u8fdb\u6765\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e2d\u56fd\u5730\u8d28\u5927\u5b66(\u5317\u4eac)\u5728\u201c\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u5468\u53e3\u5e97\u91ce\u5916\u5730\u8d28\u6559\u5b66\u5b9e\u4e60\u4e2d\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u5468\u53e3\u5e97\u7684\u5317\u4eac\u733f\u4eba\u9057\u5740\u3001\u5e73\u897f\u6297\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u7eaa\u5ff5\u9986\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7eaa\u5ff5\u2018\u4e03\u4e00\u2019\u515a\u7684\u751f\u65e5\u3001\u53c2\u89c2\u5317\u4eac\u4eba\u9057\u5740\u3001\u5e73\u897f\u6297\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u7eaa\u5ff5\u9986\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5bf9\u5b66\u751f\u8fdb\u884c\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u3002\u3002\u3002\u77bb\u4ef0\u9f99\u7684\u6545\u4e61[\u5373\u5468\u53e3\u5e97\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u6ce8]\uff0c\u589e\u5f3a\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u8c6a\u611f\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u8d23\u4efb\u611f\u3002\u201d (2)\u7f51\u4e0a\u5468\u53e3\u5e97\u9057\u5740\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5f15\u4ee5\u4e3a\u81ea\u8c6a\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u8d5e\u53f9\u7684\u5468\u53e3\u5e97\u3002\u5b83\u51dd\u7ed3\u4e86\u592a\u591a\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u70ed\u7231\u81ea\u5df1\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u60c5\u7ed3\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u5168\u56fd\u91cd\u70b9\u6587\u7269\u4fdd\u62a4\u5355\u4f4d\u3001\u5168\u56fd\u767e\u5bb6\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u6559\u80b2\u793a\u8303\u57fa\u5730\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u54cd\u4eae\u800c\u53c8\u51dd\u91cd\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u2500\u2500\u5317\u4eac\u4eba\u9057\u5740\u535a\u7269\u9986\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e5f\u6c47\u805a\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u4e0d\u540c\u80a4\u8272\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u60ca\u8be7\u4e0e\u666f\u4ef0\u3002\u3002\u3002\u3002\u4e94\u5341\u4e07\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u96a7\u9053\u4f20\u6765\u5317\u4eac\u733f\u4eba\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u795d\u798f\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u628a\u6df1\u5207\u7684\u7f05\u6000\u5bc4\u5f80\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7956\u5148\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u627f\u8f7d\u8457\u4eca\u4eba\u4e0e\u53e4\u4eba\u5171\u540c\u7684\u8840\u8109\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u7684\u80f8\u6000\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u7684\u5fc3\u7075\u3002\u201d(3)<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n

<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
\u5728\u5f53\u4eca\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u56fd\u5bb6\u6216\u6c11\u65cf\u80fd\u591f–\u6216\u8005\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5fc5\u8981–\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u201c\u7956\u5148\u201d\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u5982\u6b64\u4e45\u8fdc\u3001\u6df1\u5165\u5230\u4eba\u7c7b\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u3001\u5e76\u548c\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u201c\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u8054\u7cfb\u4e0a\u7684\u3002\u5728\u6587\u660e\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u672c\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u7956\u5148\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6eaf\u6570\u5341\u4e07\u5e74\u5e76\u4e3a\u6b64\u800c\u9a84\u50b2\uff0c\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u8bf4\u51e0\u5341\u4e07\u5e74\u6765\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8840\u7edf\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u7eaf\u6b63\u7684\u5e76\u4e3a\u6b64\u800c\u81ea\u8c6a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0d\u6298\u4e0d\u6263\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u504f\u89c1\uff1b\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u6587\u660e\u53f2\u4e0a\u6eaf\u5230\u65e9\u671f\u4eba\u7c7b\u8d77\u6e90\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u6587\u660e\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u548c\u751f\u547d\u529b\uff0c\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u628a\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u6982\u5ff5\u5f15\u5165\u5386\u53f2\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u66f4\u662f\u5f7b\u5934\u5f7b\u5c3e\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u4f46\u4e2d\u56fd\u7279\u8272\u7684\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u548c\u53e4\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e3a\u5f53\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u3002\u9999\u6e2f\u5927\u5b66\u7684Barry Sautman \u5728\u4ed62001\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd<<\u4e9a\u6d32\u7814\u7a76>>\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u201c\u5317\u4eac\u4eba\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u65e7\u77f3\u5668\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u6cbb\u201d\u4e2d\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u6709\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b98\u65b9\u4ecb\u5165\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u548c\u5a92\u4f53\u5bf9\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u62a5\u5bfc\u6709\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002(4) Sautman\u4e0d\u662f\u53e4\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u6563\u5e03\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u79d1\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u9610\u91ca\u5728\u4e13\u95e8\u5b66\u8005\u770b\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684(\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u672c\u6765\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5e38\u968f\u7740\u65b0\u6750\u6599\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u65b0\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u548c\u5047\u8bf4)\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u79d1\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u88ab\u7eb3\u5165\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u6cbb\u8a00\u8bf4\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u7528\u6765\u589e\u5f3a\u201c\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u6790\u662f\u5341\u5206\u654f\u9510\u548c\u975e\u5e38\u5177\u6709\u601d\u8fa9\u6027\u7684\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u5047\u8bf4\u5f53\u7136\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5047\u8bf4\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\u5219\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e13\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u80dc\u4efb\u7684\u3002<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n

<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
\u56fd\u9645\u95f4\u5f88\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5f53\u4eca\u4e16\u754c\u4e3b\u8981\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49(civic nationalism) \u548c\u65cf\u7fa4\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49(ethnic nationalism)\u3002\u79cd\u65cf\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49(racial nationalism)\u662f\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u8fc7\u65f6\u4e86\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u7a81\u51fa\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7279\u522b\u503c\u5f97\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73b0\u8c61\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u5728\u6587\u9769\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\uff08\u6587\u9769\u524d\u5bf9\u5317\u4eac\u733f\u4eba\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u8272\u5f69\uff09\uff0c\u81ea\u4e5d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\u5c24\u4e3a\u7a81\u51fa\uff0c\u548c\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5d1b\u8d77\u201d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u65b0\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u540c\u6b65\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u79cd\u65cf\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u6216\u8005\u65cf\u7fa4\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5b83\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u548c\u8ba4\u540c\u4e0a\u6eaf\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u53ca\u5176\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5468\u906d\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5176\u201c\u672c\u8d28\u201d\u7ef5\u5ef6\u4e0d\u7edd\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u751f\u7269\u548c\u79cd\u65cf\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u6216\u65cf\u7fa4\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u4ed6\u4eba\u76f8\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u800c\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u4f20\u7edf\u7b49\u7b49\u90fd\u662f\u5916\u5728\u3001\u6b21\u8981\u548c\u6d3e\u751f\u7684\u3002\u201c\u5317\u4eac\u4eba\u201d\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u6559\u80b2\u4ece\u751f\u7269\u548c\u79cd\u65cf\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u865a\u6784\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6f2b\u957f\u548c\u5145\u6ee1\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u201c\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u65cf\u201d \u751f\u547d\u529b\u7684\u987d\u5f3a\u548c\u548c\u4e2d\u534e\u6587\u660e\u4e3a\u4f55\u7ef5\u5ef6\u4e0d\u7edd\u3002<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n

<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u6587\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7406\u6027\u8ba8\u8bba\u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\u88ab\u5077\u6362\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u79cd\u65cf\u4f18\u8d8a\u6027\u7684\u975e\u7406\u6027\u5d07\u62dc\u3002\u5728\u5f53\u4eca\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8a00\u8bf4\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n

<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
\u6ce8\u91ca<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n

<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
1) [\u6821\u56ed\u65b0\u95fb]\u71d5\u5316\u9644\u4e2d\u5f00\u5c55\u6e05\u660e\u8282\u201c\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u6559\u80b2\u201d\u6d3b\u52a8<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
http:\/\/www.ysedu.gov.cn\/news_showYS.asp?wt_id=1234&f_id=2823<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
2) http:\/\/d.wanfangdata.com.cn\/Periodical_zgdzjy200404019.as<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
3) http:\/\/news.artxun.com\/huashi-955-4770452.shtml\uff1a\u5468\u53e3\u5e97\u5317\u4eac\u4eba\u9057\u5740\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff09<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
\u6709\u4eba\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4f1a\u8bf4\uff0c\u5468\u53e3\u5e97\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u6559\u80b2\u57fa\u5730\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u5077\u76d7\u548c\u8f6c\u8fd0\u5317\u4eac\u733f\u4eba\u5934\u76d6\u9aa8\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u516c\u6848\u6709\u5173\u3002\u8fd9\u5f53\u7136\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u9053\u7406\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5ba3\u4f20\u6750\u6599\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u201d\u4e94\u5341\u4e07\u5e74\u201c\u524d\u7684\u201d\u7956\u5148\u201c\u6bd4\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u88ab\u4fb5\u7565\u5728\u4e3a\u201d\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u201c\u4e0b\u5b9a\u4e49\u65f6\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u518d\u8bf4\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5916\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e5f\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u5468\u53e3\u5e97\u7684\u53d1\u6398\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u5ba3\u4f20\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u540e\u534a\u751f\u5c31\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5ea6\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd8\u63d0\u51fa\u5e76\u652f\u6301\u4ee5\u5317\u4eac\u733f\u4eba\u4e3a\u6839\u636e\u7684\u591a\u5730\u8d77\u6e90\u8bf4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64, \u5982\u679c\u5c31\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5468\u53e3\u5e97\u9057\u5740\u65e2\u8c61\u5f81\u7740\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u66f4\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u56fd\u9645\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
4) Barry Sautman, \u201cPeking Man and the Politics of Paleoanthropological Nationalism in China\u201d, Journal of Asian Studies 60. no 1 (2001) 95-124. \u53e6\u4e00\u672c\u6709\u5173\u8457\u4f5c\u662fSigrid Schmalzer, The People\\’s Peking Man: Popular Science and Human Identity in Twentieth-Century China (University of Chicago Press, 2008)\u548c\u5979\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\\”The Very First Lesson: Teaching about Human Evolution in 1950s China,\\” in Dilemmas of Victory, ed. Jeremy Brown and Paul Pickowicz (Harvard University Press, 2007). <\/FONT><\/DIV><\/DIV>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8a00\u8bf4\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8272\u5f69\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u8457\u4e8b\u4f8b\u662f\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u6f14\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5728\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5317\u4eac\u5468\u53e3 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14771","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-thought","et-doesnt-have-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14771","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14771"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14771\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14771"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14771"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14771"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}