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\u5434\u56fd\u5149<\/STRONG>\uff0c\u73b0\u4efb\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7ef4\u591a\u5229\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u653f\u6cbb\u7cfb\u6559\u6388\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u7cfb\u6559\u6388\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u4e9a\u592a\u5173\u7cfb\u8bb2\u5ea7\u6559\u6388\uff1b\u66fe\u4efb\u300a\u4eba\u6c11\u65e5\u62a5\u300b\u8bc4\u8bba\u90e8\u4e3b\u4efb\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7814\u8ba8\u5c0f\u7ec4\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u5c3c\u66fc\u7814\u7a76\u5458\uff0c\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u9c81\u65af\u7814\u7a76\u5458\uff0c\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u8d39\u6b63\u6e05\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u738b\u5b89\u535a\u58eb\u540e\u7814\u7a76\u5458\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u4e2d\u6587\u5927\u5b66\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u884c\u653f\u5b66\u7cfb\u52a9\u7406\u6559\u6388\u3001\u526f\u6559\u6388\uff1b\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u6587\u5b66\u5b66\u58eb\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u6cd5\u5b66\u7855\u58eb\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\uff1b\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u4e3a\u6bd4\u8f83\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u53ca\u5176\u8f6c\u578b\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u5916\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u4e9a\u592a\u5730\u533a\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b\u7740\u6709\u82f1\u6587\u4e66\u7c4d\u56db\u79cd\u3001\u4e2d\u6587\u4e66\u7c4d\u5341\u516d\u79cd\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2d\u6587\u548c\u82f1\u6587\u8bba\u6587\u591a\u7bc7\u3002<\/FONT><\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

\u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a<\/STRONG><\/P>\r\n

1\u6c5f\u8fc5\uff0c\u3008\u674e\u9e4f\u300a\u5173\u952e\u65f6\u523b\u300b\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e9a\u6d32\u5468\u520a\u300b\uff0c2004\u5e743\u670828\u65e5\uff0c\u987536\u201439.<\/P>\r\n

2\u4f8b\u89c1\ufe30Li Lu\uff0c Moving the Mountain \uff08New York\uff1a Pan Books\uff0c 1991\uff09\uff1b Shen Tong\uff0c Almost a Revolution \uff08Ann Arbor\uff1a University of Michigan Press\uff0c 1998\uff09\uff1b Eddie Cheng\uff0c Standoff at Tiananmen \uff08Sensys\uff0c 2009\uff09\uff1b\u5218\u521a\uff0c\u300a\u5929\u5b89\u95e8\uff0c\u8def\u5728\u4f55\u65b9\u300b\uff08\u9999\u6e2f\ufe30\u82f1\u534e\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2009\uff09\u3002<\/P>\r\n

3\u4f8b\u89c1\ufe30\u4e25\u5bb6\u5176\uff0c\u3008\u53c8\u4e00\u6b21\u5317\u4eac\u4e4b\u6625\u3009\uff0c\u3008\u516d\u4e09\u4e4b\u591c\u3009\uff0c\u5747\u8f7d\u4e25\u5bb6\u5176\uff0c\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u591a\u4e48\u7b80\u5355\u300b\uff08\u53f0\u5317\ufe30\u6b63\u4e2d\u4e66\u5c40\uff0c1992\uff09\uff0c\u9875226\u201446\uff0c248\u201452\uff1b\u5305\u9075\u4fe1\uff0c\u300a\u516d\u56db\u7684\u5185\u60c5\ufe30\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u6d85\uff1f\u300b\uff08\u53f0\u5317\ufe30\u98ce\u4e91\u65f6\u4ee3\u51fa\u7248\u516c\u53f8\uff0c1997\uff09\uff1b\u5f20\u4f1f\u56fd\u7f16\uff0c\u300a\u94a6\u672c\u7acb\u7684\u64e6\u8fb9\u7403\u300b\uff08\u5e03\u9c81\u514b\u6797\ufe30\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u56fd\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\uff0c2000\uff09\uff1b\u9ad8\u745c\uff0c\u300a\u6211\u7684\u516d\u56db\u300b\uff08\u9999\u6e2f\ufe30\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u56fd\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2009\uff09\u3002<\/P>\r\n

4\u4f8b\u89c1\ufe30Harrison E. Salisbury\uff0c Tiananmen Diary\uff1a Thirteen Days in June \uff08Boston\uff1a Little\uff0c Brown\uff0c 1989\uff09\uff1b\u9646\u8d85\u797a\uff0c\u300a\u516d\u56db\u5185\u90e8\u65e5\u8bb0\u300b\uff08\u9999\u6e2f\ufe30\u5353\u8d8a\u6587\u5316\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2006\uff09\u3002<\/P>\r\n

5\u4f8b\u89c1\ufe30\u4e01\u671b\uff0c\u300a\u516d\u56db\u524d\u540e\ufe30\u5bf9\u516b\u4e5d\u6c11\u8fd0\u524d\u540e\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5206\u6790\u300b\uff08\u53f0\u5317\ufe30\u8fdc\u666f\u51fa\u7248\u516c\u53f8\uff0c1995\uff09\uff1b\u9648\u5c0f\u96c5\uff0c\u300a\u5929\u5b89\u95e8\u4e4b\u53d8\ufe30\u516b\u4e5d\u6c11\u8fd0\u53f2\u300b\uff08\u53f0\u5317\ufe30\u98ce\u4e91\u65f6\u4ee3\u51fa\u7248\u516c\u53f8\uff0c1996\uff09\uff1b\u5361\u739b\u3001\u9ad8\u5bcc\u8d35\uff0c\u300a\u5929\u5b89\u95e8\u300b\uff08\u9999\u6e2f\ufe30\u660e\u955c\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1997\uff09\uff1b\u5434\u4ec1\u534e\uff0c\u300a\u5929\u5b89\u95e8\u8840\u8165\u6e05\u573a\u5185\u5e55\u300b\uff08\u6d1b\u6749\u51e0\ufe30\u771f\u76f8\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2004\uff09\uff1b\u5f20\u4e07\u8212\uff0c\u300a\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5927\u7206\u70b8\ufe30\u201c\u516d\u56db\u201d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5168\u666f\u5b9e\u5f55\u300b\uff08\u9999\u6e2f\ufe30\u5929\u5730\u56fe\u4e66\uff0c2009\uff09\uff1bRoger V. Des Forges\uff0c Luo Ning\uff0c and Wu Yen-bo eds.\uff0c Chinese Democracy and the Crisis of 1989\uff1a Chinese and American Reflections \uff08Albany\uff1a State University of New York Press\uff0c 1993\uff09\uff1b Craig Calhoun\uff0c Neither Gods Nor Emperors\uff1a Students and the Struggle for Democracy in China \uff08Berkeley\uff1a University of California Press\uff0c 1994\uff09\uff1b Timothy Brook\uff0c Quelling the People\uff1a The Military Suppression of the Beijing Democracy Movement \uff08Stanford\uff1a Stanford University Press\uff0c 1998\uff09\uff1b Dingxin Zhao\uff0c The Power of Tiananmen\uff1a State-Society Relations and the 1989 Beijing Student Movement \uff08Chicago\uff1a University of Chicago Press\uff0c 2001\uff09\u3002<\/P>\r\n

6\u4f8b\u89c1\ufe30Han Minzhu ed.\uff0c Cries for Democracy\uff1a Writings and Speeches from the 1989 Chinese Democracy Movement \uff08Princeton\uff1a Princeton University Press\uff0c 1990\uff09\uff1b Michel Oksenberg ed.\uff0c Beijing Spring\uff0c 1989\uff1a Confrontation and Conflict \uff08Armonk\uff0c NY\uff1a M. E. Sharpe\uff0c 1990\uff09\uff1b Jonathan Unger ed.\uff0c The Pro-Democracy Protests in China\uff1a Reports from the Provinces \uff08Armonk\uff0c NY\uff1a M. E. Sharpe\uff0c 1991\uff09\uff1b Theodore Han and John Li eds.\uff0c Tiananmen Square Spring 1989\uff1a A Chronology of the Chinese Democracy Movement \uff08Berkeley\uff1a Center for Chinese Studies\uff0c 1992\uff09\uff1b Andrew J. Nathan and Perry Link eds.\uff0c The Tiananmen Papers \uff08New York\uff1a Public Affairs\uff0c 2001\uff0c compiled by Zhang Liang\uff09\uff1b\u5f20\u826f\u7f16\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u201c\u516d\u56db\u201d\u771f\u76f8\u300b\uff08\u9999\u6e2f\ufe30\u660e\u955c\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2001\uff09\u3002<\/P>\r\n

7\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\uff0c\u300a\u6539\u9769\u5386\u7a0b\u300b\uff08\u9999\u6e2f\ufe30\u65b0\u4e16\u7eaa\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2009\uff09\uff1b\u5e76\u89c1\ufe30Bao Pu\uff0c Renee Chiang\uff0c and Adi Ignatius eds.\uff0c Prisoner of the State\uff1a The Secret Journal of Premier Zhao Ziyang \uff08New York\uff1a Simon & Schuster\uff0c 2009\uff09\u3002<\/P>\r\n

8\u4f8b\u89c1\ufe30\u56fd\u5bb6\u6559\u59d4\u601d\u60f3\u653f\u6cbb\u5de5\u4f5c\u53f8\u7f16\uff0c\u300a\u60ca\u5fc3\u52a8\u9b44\u768456\u5929\ufe301989\u5e744\u670815\u65e5\u81f36\u67089\u65e5\u6bcf\u65e5\u7eaa\u5b9e\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\ufe30\u5927\u5730\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1989\uff09\uff1b\u4e2d\u5171\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u59d4\u529e\u516c\u5385\u7f16\uff0c\u300a1989\\’\u5317\u4eac\u5236\u6b62\u52a8\u4e71\u5e73\u606f\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u66b4\u4e71\u7eaa\u4e8b\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\ufe30\u5317\u4eac\u65e5\u62a5\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1989\uff09\uff1b\u8881\u7acb\u672c\uff0c\u3008\u5317\u4eac\u53d1\u751f\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u66b4\u4e71\u771f\u76f8\u3009\uff0c\u8f7d\u5510\u7ecd\u660e\u4e3b\u7f16\uff0c\u300a\u5e73\u66b4\u540e\u7684\u53cd\u601d\ufe30\u575a\u6301\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\ufe30\u4e16\u754c\u77e5\u8bc6\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1990\uff09\uff0c\u98753\u201433.\u6839\u636e\u674e\u9e4f\u672c\u4e66\u900f\u9732\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8981\u201c\u63ed\u9732\u201d\u574f\u4eba\u4ee5\u201c\u4e89\u53d6\u8206\u8bba\u201d\u3002<\/P>\r\n

9\u8fd9\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7740\u4f5c\u5305\u62ec\ufe30\u674e\u9e4f\uff0c\u300a\u4f17\u5fd7\u7ed8\u5b8f\u56fe\ufe30\u674e\u9e4f\u4e09\u5ce1\u65e5\u8bb0\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\ufe30\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e09\u5ce1\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2003\uff09\uff1b\u674e\u9e4f\uff0c\u300a\u8d77\u6b65\u5230\u53d1\u5c55\ufe30\u674e\u9e4f\u6838\u7535\u65e5\u8bb0\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\ufe30\u4e2d\u56fd\u7535\u529b\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2004\uff09\uff1b\u674e\u9e4f\uff0c\u300a\u7535\u529b\u8981\u5148\u884c\ufe30\u674e\u9e4f\u7535\u529b\u65e5\u8bb0\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\ufe30\u4e2d\u56fd\u7535\u529b\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2005\uff09\uff1b\u674e\u9e4f\uff0c\u300a\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e0e\u76d1\u7763\ufe30\u674e\u9e4f\u4eba\u5927\u65e5\u8bb0\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\ufe30\u65b0\u534e\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u6cd5\u5236\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2006\uff09\uff1b\u674e\u9e4f\uff0c\u300a\u5e02\u573a\u4e0e\u8c03\u63a7\ufe30\u674e\u9e4f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u65e5\u8bb0\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\ufe30\u65b0\u534e\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2007\uff09\uff1b\u674e\u9e4f\uff0c\u300a\u548c\u5e73\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\ufe30\u674e\u9e4f\u5916\u4e8b\u65e5\u8bb0\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\ufe30\u65b0\u534e\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2008\uff09\u3002<\/P>\r\n

10\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\u4e3a\u674e\u9e4f\u539f\u8bdd\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6240\u5f15\u674e\u9e4f\u6b64\u4e66\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u7684\u884c\u6587\u6e05\u695a\u4ea4\u4ee3\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u6309\u7167\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u4ea4\u4ee3\uff0c\u67e5\u9605\u6b64\u4e66\u76f8\u5e94\u65e5\u671f\u7684\u4e00\u8282\uff0c\u4e0d\u53e6\u884c\u6ce8\u660e\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u672c\u53e5\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u89c1\u674e\u9e4f\u6b64\u4e66\u201c\u56db\u6708\u5341\u516d\u65e5\u201d\u4e00\u8282\uff09\uff1b\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u4ea4\u4ee3\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4ee5\u62ec\u53f7\u6ce8\u660e\u6240\u5f15\u5185\u5bb9\u51fa\u81ea\u6b64\u4e66\u67d0\u65e5\u671f\u7684\u4e00\u8282\uff0c\u4e0d\u53e6\u52a0\u811a\u6ce8\u3002<\/P>\r\n

11\u4e66\u4e2d\u591a\u5904\u663e\u793a\u674e\u9e4f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u59da\u4f9d\u6797\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\u548c\u4fe1\u4efb\u3002\u5728\u201c\u4e94\u6708\u56db\u65e5\u201d\u4e00\u8282\uff0c\u674e\u9e4f\u8bb0\u53d9\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\uff08\u59da\uff09\u4f9d\u6797\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c16\u9510\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u573a\u52a8\u4e71\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u53d1\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u573a\u52a8\u4e71\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u6253\u9093\u5012\u674e\u4fdd\u8d75\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u63d0\u51fa\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u80e1\u8000\u90a6\u7684\u60bc\u5ff5\u6d3b\u52a8\u8c03\u5b50\u5b9a\u5f97\u90a3\u6837\u9ad8\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u4e5f\u662f\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u53d1\u52a8\u7684\u3002\u201d\u674e\u9e4f\u8bc4\u8bba\u8bf4\ufe30\u201c\u59da\u4f9d\u6797\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u8001\u540c\u5fd7\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e45\u5728\u4e2d\u592e\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6597\u4e89\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e30\u5bcc\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u4e24\u70b9\u8d28\u7591\uff0c\u786e\u5b9e\u53d1\u4eba\u6df1\u7701\u3002\u201d<\/P>\r\n

12\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u662f\u674e\u9e4f\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u80cc\u666f\u548c\u6210\u957f\u7ecf\u5386\u3002\u5728\u672c\u4e66\u201c\u516d\u6708\u5341\u4e94\u65e5\u201d\u4e00\u8282\uff0c\u5728\u8c08\u5230\u960e\u660e\u590d\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u674e\u9e4f\u5728\u8bb0\u53d9\u4e86\u960e\u7684\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5e72\u90e8\u5bb6\u5ead\u80cc\u666f\u4e4b\u540e\u5199\u9053\ufe30\u201c\u6211\u771f\u65e0\u6cd5\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u9769\u547d\u5bb6\u5ead\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u5173\u952e\u65f6\u523b\u7acb\u573a\u4e0d\u7a33\uff0c\u7adf\u7ad9\u5230\u652f\u6301\u52a8\u4e71\u4e00\u8fb9\u53bb\u4e86\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fa7\u9762\uff0c\u53cd\u8bc1\u4e86\u674e\u9e4f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u5bb6\u5ead\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u80cc\u666f\u4e0e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7acb\u573a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u8054\u3002<\/P>\r\n

13\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\uff0c\u300a\u6539\u9769\u5386\u7a0b\u300b\uff0c\u987524.<\/P>\r\n

14\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u6587\u732e\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u7f16\uff0c\u300a\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u5e74\u8c31\uff08\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e03\u4e94\u2014\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u4e03\uff09\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\ufe30\u4e2d\u592e\u6587\u732e\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2004\uff09\uff0c\u98751272.<\/P>\r\n

15\u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u6ce83.<\/P>\r\n

16\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u8282\uff0c\u674e\u9e4f\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u80e1\u8000\u90a6\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u804c\u52a1\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u5411\u4f5c\u4e3a\u653f\u5e9c\u603b\u7406\u7684\u674e\u9e4f\u9012\u4ea4\u6709\u5173\u80e1\u8000\u90a6\u7684\u8bf7\u613f\u4e66\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5411\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\u63d0\u51fa\u6709\u5173\u515a\u52a1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/P>\r\n

17\u5f20\u4e07\u8212\uff0c\u300a\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u300b\uff0c\u987557.<\/P>\r\n

18\u4e0a\u4e66\uff0c\u987558.<\/P>\r\n

19\u9646\u8d85\u797a\uff0c\u300a\u516d\u56db\u5185\u90e8\u65e5\u8bb0\u300b\uff0c\u987532.<\/P>\r\n

20\u9648\u5c0f\u96c5\uff0c\u300a\u5929\u5b89\u95e8\u4e4b\u53d8\u300b\uff0c\u9875122.<\/P>\r\n

21\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7ae0\u7a0b\u300b\uff08\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7b2c\u5341\u4e8c\u6b21\u5168\u56fd\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a1982\u5e749\u67086\u65e5\u901a\u8fc7\uff09\uff08\u6b64\u7ae0\u7a0b\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u4e5d\u5e74\u4e3a\u6709\u6548\u7ae0\u7a0b\u2014\u2014\u5434\u6ce8\uff09\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\u7b2c\u5341\u6761\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b3e\ufe30\u201c\u515a\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u9886\u5bfc\u673a\u5173\uff0c\u662f\u515a\u7684\u5168\u56fd\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u548c\u5b83\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\u7b2c\u5341\u4e5d\u6761\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b3e\ufe30\u201c\u515a\u7684\u5168\u56fd\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u7684\u804c\u6743\u662f\ufe30\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u8ba8\u8bba\u5e76\u51b3\u5b9a\u515a\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u201d\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u6761\ufe30\u201c\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u95ed\u4f1a\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u2026\u9886\u5bfc\u515a\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5de5\u4f5c\u201d\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u6761\ufe30\u201c\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u548c\u5b83\u7684\u5e38\u52a1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5728\u4e2d\u592e\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5168\u4f53\u95ed\u4f1a\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u884c\u4f7f\u4e2d\u592e\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u804c\u6743\u201d\uff1b\u201c\u4e2d\u592e\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\u8d1f\u8d23\u53ec\u96c6\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u4f1a\u8bae\u548c\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u5e38\u52a1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3b\u6301\u4e2d\u592e\u4e66\u8bb0\u5904\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u201d\u89c1\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7ae0\u7a0b\u6c47\u7f16\uff08\u4ece\u4e00\u5927\u5230\u5341\u4e03\u5927\uff09\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\ufe30\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u515a\u6821\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2007\uff09\uff0c\u9875105\u3001108.<\/P>\r\n

22\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\uff0c\u300a\u6539\u9769\u5386\u7a0b\u300b\uff0c\u987558.<\/P>\r\n

23\u53c2\u89c1\u674e\u9e4f\u672c\u4e66\u201c\u524d\u8a00\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u91cc\u8fd9\u6837\u4e0d\u70b9\u540d\u5730\u8ba8\u8bba\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u5728\u201c\u8fd9\u573a\u52a8\u4e71\u201d\u4e2d\u5e26\u7ed9\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u201d\u7684\u6559\u8bad\u3002<\/P>\r\n

24\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\uff0c\u300a\u6539\u9769\u5386\u7a0b\u300b\uff0c\u987525.<\/P>\r\n

25\u4e0a\u4e66\uff0c\u987566.<\/P>\r\n

26\u4e0a\u4e66\uff0c\u987566-67.<\/P>\r\n

27\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8einstitutions\u7684\u8303\u7574\u2014\u2014\u6c49\u8bd1\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u201c\u5236\u5ea6\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u660e\u663e\u4e0e\u5f53\u4ee3\u6c49\u8bed\u4e00\u822c\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u201c\u5236\u5ea6\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff1b\u6211\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bd5\u7528\u201c\u5baa\u7ae0\u5236\u5ea6\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u5176\u6db5\u4e49\u3002\u5728\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u53e6\u5916\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u6211\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e5d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\u5174\u8d77\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u65b0\u5236\u5ea6\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\uff08new institutionalism\uff09\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u4f20\u7edf\u5185\u4f7f\u7528\u201cinstitutions\u201d\uff08\u4e5f\u5373\u6211\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u5baa\u7ae0\u5236\u5ea6\u201d\uff09\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u5386\u53f2\u5236\u5ea6\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\uff08historical institutionalism\uff09\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u754c\u5b9a\u548c\u9610\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u4f8b\u89c1\ufe30Sven Steinmo\uff0c Kathleen Thelen\uff0c and Frank Longstreth eds.\uff0c Structuring Politics\uff1a Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Analysis \uff08New York\uff1a Cambridge University Press\uff0c 1992\uff09\u3002<\/P>\r\n

28\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u5236\u5ea6\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u5f53\u4ee3\u6c49\u8bed\u4e00\u822c\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u3002<\/P>\r\n

29\u4f8b\u89c1\ufe30Alfred Stepan\uff0c The State and Society\uff1a Peru in Comparative Perspective \uff08Princeton\uff1a Princeton University Press\uff0c 1978\uff09\uff1b Joel S. Migdal\uff0c Atul Kohli\uff0c and Vivienne Shue eds.\uff0c State Power and Social Forces\uff1a Domination and Transformation in the Third World \uff08New York\uff1a Cambridge University Press\uff0c 1994\uff09\uff1b Joel S. Migdal\uff0c State in Society\uff1a Studying How States and Societies Transform and Constitute One Another \uff08New York\uff1a Cambridge University Press\uff0c 2001\uff09\u3002<\/P>\r\n

30\u4f8b\u89c1\ufe30James G. March and Johan P. Olsen\uff0c Rediscovering Institutions\uff1a The Organizational Basis of Politics \uff08New York\uff1a Free Press\uff0c 1989\uff09\uff1b Walter W. Powell and Paul J. DiMaggio eds.\uff0c The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis \uff08Chicago\uff1a University of Chicago Press\uff0c 1991\uff09\uff1b Sven Steinmo\uff0c Kathleen Thelen\uff0c and Frank Longstreth eds.\uff0c Structuring Politics\uff1a Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Analysis \uff08New York\uff1a Cambridge University Press\uff0c 1992\uff09\uff1b John L. Campbell and Ove K. Pedersen eds.\uff0c The Rise of Neoliberalism and Institutional Analysis \uff08Princeton\uff1a Princeton University Press\uff0c 2001\uff09\u3002<\/P>\r\n

31\u4f8b\u89c1\ufe30Dingxin Zhao\uff0c The Power of Tiananmen\uff1b Andrew Walder\uff0c\u201cThe Political Sociology of the Beijing Upheaval of 1989\uff0c\u201dProblems of Communism\uff0c vol. 38\uff0c no. 5 \uff08Sept.\/Oct. 1989\uff09\uff0c pp. 30-40.
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