{"id":15678,"date":"2010-09-03T11:16:12","date_gmt":"2010-09-03T11:16:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:10081\/?p=15678 "},"modified":"2010-09-03T11:16:12","modified_gmt":"2010-09-03T11:16:12","slug":"15678-revision-v1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/?p=15678","title":{"rendered":"\u9003\u5f80\u74e6\u6717\u7eb3\u65af\u2014\u2014\u6cd5\u56fd\u5927\u9769\u547d\u524d\u5915\u8d22\u653f\u6539\u9769\u542f\u793a\u5f55\uff08\u4e0a\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"

1791\u5e746\u670820\u65e5\u6df1\u591c\uff0c\u51c4\u98ce\u82e6\u96e8\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u56fd\u738b\u8def\u6613\u5341\u516d\u4e54\u88c5\u6253\u626e\uff0c\u643a\u5168\u5bb6\u6f5c\u51fa\u675c\u4f0a\u52d2\u91cc\u5bab\uff0c\u4e58\u4e0a\u4e00\u8f86\u4e8b\u5148\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u7684\u7279\u5236\u9a6c\u8f66\u3002\u9a6c\u8f66\u8fc5\u901f\u51b2\u8fdb\u9ed1\u6697\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f84\u76f4\u5411\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e1c\u5317\u90e8\u8fb9\u5883\u98de\u9a70\u800c\u53bb\u3002\u56fd\u738b\u6b64\u884c\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u662f\u4f4d\u4e8e\u8377\u5170\u7684\u5965\u5730\u5229\u519b\u8425\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u79bb\u5362\u68ee\u5821\u8fb9\u5883\u4e0d\u8fdc\u7684\u74e6\u6717\u7eb3\u65af\u9547\uff08Varennes\uff09\uff0c\u56fd\u738b\u4e00\u884c\u5374\u88ab\u4e00\u4f4d\u5c0f\u9152\u9986\u7684\u8001\u677f\u8ba4\u51fa\u5e76\u88ab\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u81ea\u536b\u519b\u6263\u62bc\u3002\u5728\u906d\u5230\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u731c\u7591\u548c\u7f9e\u8fb1\u540e\uff0c\u8def\u6613\u5341\u516d\u548c\u738b\u540e\u88ab\u62bc\u56de\u5df4\u9ece\uff0c6\u670825\u65e5\uff0c\u5f53\u56fd\u738b\u91cd\u8fd4\u5df4\u9ece\u65f6\uff0c\u5168\u57ce\u4e00\u7247\u5bc2\u9759\uff0c\u58eb\u5175\u5939\u9053\u5217\u961f\uff0c\u5012\u6301\u67aa\u652f\uff0c\u5b9b\u5982\u5728\u4e3a\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u9001\u884c\u3002\u56fd\u738b\u4e00\u5bb6\u518d\u6b21\u4f4f\u8fdb\u4e86\u53d7\u5230\u4e25\u5bc6\u770b\u5b88\u7684\u675c\u4f0a\u52d2\u91cc\u5bab\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u8def\u6613\u5341\u516d\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u56fd\u738b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u8d28\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6cd5\u56fd\u5927\u9769\u547d\u53f2\u4e0a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u201c\u56fd\u738b\u51fa\u9003\u201d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

\u8def\u6613\u5341\u516d\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9003\u8dd1\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6b64\u524d\u4ed6\u4e3a\u633d\u6551\u8d22\u653f\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5371\u673a\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u52aa\u529b\u90fd\u5f52\u4e8e\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5927\u9769\u547d\u6b63\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u91cc\u5982\u706b\u5982\u837c\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u7740\uff0c\u738b\u5ba4\u5df2\u201c\u9760\u8fb9\u7ad9\u201d\u4e86\uff0c\u65e7\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u5df2\u88ab\u6253\u7834\uff0c\u800c\u65b0\u5236\u5ea6\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u9677\u5165\u6df7\u4e71\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u56fd\u738b\u7ee7\u7eed\u7559\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u5df2\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u4e25\u91cd\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u8d77\u56e0\uff0c\u7adf\u662f\u8def\u6613\u5341\u516d\u672c\u4eba\u79ef\u6781\u63a8\u52a8\u7684\u4e00\u573a\u8d22\u653f\u6539\u9769\uff01\u4ed6\u5728\u51fa\u9003\u4e4b\u524d\u8d77\u8349\u7684\u201c\u544a\u56fd\u4eba\u4e66\u201d\u8bf4\u51fa\u4e86\u51fa\u9003\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\uff1a\u5148\u6295\u5230\u5e03\u8036\u7edf\u5e05\u7684\u519b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u90a3\u91cc\u8f6c\u5411\u5728\u8377\u5170\u7684\u5965\u5730\u5229\u519b\u961f\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u91cd\u8fd4\u5df4\u9ece\uff0c\u89e3\u6563\u56fd\u6c11\u5236\u5baa\u8bae\u4f1a\u548c\u5404\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u738b\u6743\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8ba1\u5212\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5c31\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5199\u6cd5\u4e86\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4ed6\u88ab\u622a\u83b7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u8db3\u4ee5\u98a0\u5012\u4e7e\u5764\u7684\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u524d\u5146\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u8d22\u653f\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u65e8\u5728\u514b\u670d\u8d22\u653f\u5371\u673a\u7684\u6539\u9769\u600e\u4e48\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u5982\u6b64\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u540e\u679c\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u662f 200\u591a\u5e74\u540e\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u53f2\u5b66\u5927\u5e08\u3001\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u6000\u7279\uff08Hayden White\uff09\u66fe\u8bf4\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u6765\u8bb2\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u8bb2\u6545\u4e8b\u201d\u201c\u6216\u662f\u201d\u9648\u8ff0\u201c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u7ee7\u7eed\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201d\u56fd\u738b\u51fa\u9003\u201c\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u8bb2\u4e0b\u53bb\u5427\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

\u4e00\u3001\u201c\u8def\u6613\u5341\u516d\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u201d\u4e0e\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u6539\u9769<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

\u201c\u9501\u5320\u56fd\u738b\u201d\u8def\u6613\u5341\u516d\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u7aef\u4e13\u5236\u3001\u66b4\u623e\u7684\u56fd\u738b\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u79c1\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u9762\u5c11\u6709\u7684\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6240\u8282\u5236\u7684\u541b\u4e3b\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4ed6\u4e3a\u514b\u670d\u8d22\u653f\u5371\u673a\u800c\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u524d\u4efb\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u8fc7\u5206\u4e13\u5236\u3001\u6325\u970d\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u5b66\u8005\u751a\u81f3\u79f0\u4ed6\u4e3a\u201c\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u6539\u9769\u5bb6\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u751f\u6027\u602f\u61e6\uff0c\u7f3a\u5c11\u4f5c\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u548c\u6539\u9769\u5bb6\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u679c\u65ad\u7cbe\u795e\u548c\u575a\u5b9a\u610f\u5fd7\uff0c\u201c\u6539\u884c\u4ec1\u653f\u548c\u7ee7\u884c\u66b4\u653f\u540c\u6837\u90fd\u662f\u56f0\u96be\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fdb\u884c\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u6709\u529b\u91cf\u4f7f\u7279\u6743\u9636\u5c42\u670d\u4ece\u6539\u9769\uff1b\u65bd\u884c\u66b4\u653f\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u4f7f\u4eba\u6c11\u5fcd\u53d7\u65f6\u5f0a\uff0c\u8def\u6613\u5341\u516d\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2a\u9769\u65b0\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2a\u4e13\u6a2a\u66b4\u623e\u7684\u541b\u738b\u3002\u201d\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5927\u53a6\u4e4b\u5c06\u503e\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e1d\u738b\u7684\u5f00\u660e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u633d\u6551\u884c\u5c06\u5d29\u6e83\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\uff0c\u5f53\u5236\u5ea6\u8150\u673d\u3001\u6839\u7684\u8150\u70c2\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u6781\u70b9\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u5f00\u660e\u5e1d\u738b\u8fd8\u662f\u94c1\u8155\u5e1d\u738b\uff0c\u8c01\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u963b\u6321\u66b4\u98ce\u9aa4\u96e8\u7684\u5230\u6765\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

\u8def\u6613\u5341\u516d\uff08Louis XVI\uff09\u662f1774\u5e74\u5373\u4f4d\u7684\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u81ea\u79f0\u201c\u6715\u5373\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u6715\u5373\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\u7684\u8def\u6613\u5341\u56db\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e13\u5236\u3001\u738b\u6743\u65e0\u9650\u6269\u5927\u548c\u201c\u6211\u6b7b\u540e\u54ea\u7ba1\u4ed6\u6d2a\u6c34\u6ed4\u5929\u201d\u7684\u8def\u6613\u5341\u4e94\u7684\u8352\u6deb\u6325\u970d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u529b\u8fc7\u5ea6\u7684\u53d1\u6761\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u677e\u5f1b\u4e0b\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u75b2\u60eb\u4e0d\u582a\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u5371\u673a\uff1a\u5728\u5927\u9646\u53ca\u6d77\u5916\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u65f7\u65e5\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u3001\u5411\u7279\u6743\u9636\u5c42\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u540d\u76ee\u7e41\u591a\u7684\u5e74\u91d1\u3001\u51e1\u5c14\u8d5b\u5bab\u7684\u5962\u534e\u65e0\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u8d85\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u652f\u51fa\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5317\u7f8e\u72ec\u7acb\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u738b\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u8d22\u653f\u51fa\u73b0\u5de8\u989d\u8d64\u5b57\u3002\u66f4\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u738b\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de8\u5927\u652f\u51fa\u662f\u4f9d\u9760\u5927\u91cf\u501f\u503a\u6765\u7ef4\u6301\u7684\uff0c\u503a\u52a1\u5229\u606f\u9ad8\u8fbe8\ufe525\u201410%\uff0c\u6bd4\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u501f\u6b3e\u5229\u606f\u9ad8\u51fa\u4e00\u500d\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u652f\u4ed8\u5230\u671f\u7684\u503a\u6b3e\u548c\u5229\u606f\uff0c\u738b\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u53c8\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u4e3e\u501f\u65b0\u503a\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d22\u653f\u72b6\u51b5\u9677\u5165\u6076\u6027\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u201c\u523018\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u503a\u52a1\u5df2\u7ecf\u5360\u56fd\u5bb6\u7a0e\u6536\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u201d\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u9677\u5165\u4e86\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u4fe1\u8d37\u5371\u673a\u8def\u6613\u5341\u516d\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u8981\u60f3\u6539\u53d8\u8fd9\u79cd\u6781\u5ea6\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u5c40\u9762\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u4e0b\u5c42\u6c11\u4f17\u79ef\u6028\u5df2\u4e45\uff0c\u800c\u7279\u6743\u9636\u5c42\u6b7b\u5b88\u4e0d\u653e\u7684\u8d4b\u7a0e\u5f81\u6536\u5236\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u8131\u80ce\u6362\u9aa8\u7684\u6539\u9020\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u786e\u4e3a\u6b64\u505a\u8fc7\u591a\u6b21\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u90fd\u65e0\u4e00\u4f8b\u5916\u5730\u4ee5\u5931\u8d25\u544a\u7ec8\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u7adf\u5230\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u201c\u8d70\u6295\u65e0\u8def\u201d\u7684\u5883\u5730\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

\u8def\u6613\u5341\u516d\u5148\u662f\u4efb\u7528\u91cd\u519c\u5b66\u6d3e\u7684\u8457\u540d\u5b66\u8005\u3001\u300a\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66\u300b\u64b0\u7a3f\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u5927\u81e3\u675c\u5c14\u54e5\uff08Turgot\uff09\u4e3a\u8d22\u653f\u603b\u76d1\u8fdb\u884c\u8d22\u653f\u5236\u5ea6\u6539\u9769\uff081774\u20141776\u5e74\uff09\u3002\u4e3a\u7f13\u89e3\u8d22\u653f\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u675c\u5c14\u54e5\u4e8e1775\u5e74\u5c06\u4fee\u8def\u52b3\u5f79\u6539\u4e3a\u5f81\u6536\u4ee5\u4ea7\u4e1a\u989d\u4e3a\u8ba1\u7a0e\u4f9d\u636e\u7684\u9053\u8def\u7a0e\uff0c\u5e76\u89c4\u5b9a\u6240\u6709\u7b49\u7ea7\u4e00\u5f8b\u7167\u7ae0\u7eb3\u7a0e\u3002 1776\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u5e9f\u6b62\u9152\u7c7b\u4e13\u5356\u5236\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u81ea\u7531\u4e70\u5356\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u51c6\u5907\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u89c4\u8303\u8d22\u653f\u3001\u7a0e\u6536\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u5305\u62ec\u8282\u7ea6\u884c\u653f\u5f00\u652f\u3001\u6210\u7acb\u8d34\u73b0\u94f6\u884c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u8d22\u653f\u5371\u673a\u4e4b\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e94\u6025\u8d44\u91d1\u7b49\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5173\u952e\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u8def\u6613\u5341\u516d\u5374\u6062\u590d\u4e861771\u5e74\u88ab\u8def\u6613\u5341\u4e94\u89e3\u6563\u4e86\u7684\u5df4\u9ece\u9ad8\u7b49\u6cd5\u9662\u4ee5\u53ca\u5916\u7701\u7684\u5341\u4f59\u5bb6\u9ad8\u7b49\u6cd5\u9662\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u6784\u4e2d\u4e91\u96c6\u7740\u62e5\u6709\u7279\u6743\u7684\u201c\u7a7f\u888d\u8d35\u65cf\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u62c5\u5fc3\u6539\u9769\u4f1a\u89e6\u53ca\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u6781\u529b\u62b5\u5236\u675c\u5c14\u54e5\u6539\u9769\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u738b\u540e\u739b\u4e3d\uff1f\u5b89\u6258\u74e6\u5185\u7279\uff08Marie Antorinette\uff09\u5bf9\u56fd\u738b\u65bd\u52a0\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u8def\u6613\u5341\u516d\u4e8e1776\u5e745\u6708\u89e3\u9664\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u804c\u52a1\uff0c\u521a\u521a\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u3001\u660e\u663e\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u6539\u9769\u5316\u4e3a\u6ce1\u5f71\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u201c\u9ec4\u91d1\u65f6\u4ee3\u201d\u7684\u901f\u751f\u901f\u706d\uff0c\u4f0f\u5c14\u6cf0\u66fe\u6c89\u75db\u5730\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u7684\u5fc3\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5e73\u9759\u201d\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

\u63a5\u66ff\u675c\u5c14\u54e5\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u540d\u53eb\u5185\u514b\uff08Necker\uff09\u7684\u745e\u58eb\u94f6\u884c\u5bb6\uff081777\u201411781\u5e74\uff09\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8eab\u4e3a\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u548c\u65b0\u6559\u5f92\uff0c\u5185\u514b\u867d\u88ab\u6388\u6743\u4e3b\u7ba1\u8d22\u653f\uff0c\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u201c\u8d22\u653f\u603b\u76d1\u201d\u7684\u5934\u8854\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u6551\u5bab\u5ef7\u8d22\u653f\u652f\u51fa\u7684\u71c3\u7709\u4e4b\u6025\uff0c\u7f13\u89e3\u56fd\u5185\u65e5\u76ca\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u4e0a\u53f0\u4e4b\u521d\u5229\u7528\u5176\u94f6\u884c\u5bb6\u7684\u58f0\u671b\u5230\u5904\u501f\u6b3e\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u5730\u7b79\u63aa\u5230\u4e86\u51e0\u7b14\u5de8\u6b3e\uff0c\u521d\u6b65\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u6df1\u77e5\uff0c\u8981\u771f\u6b63\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5927\u5200\u9614\u65a7\u7684\u6539\u9769\u52bf\u5728\u5fc5\u884c\u3002\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u4ed6\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86\u5bab\u5ef7\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u9ad8\u4ff8\u800c\u6e05\u95f2\u7684\u804c\u4f4d\uff0c\u538b\u7f29\u4e86\u738b\u5ba4\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u5f00\u652f\u3001\u524a\u51cf\u4e86\u519b\u5f79\u7a0e\u548c\u76d0\u7a0e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63aa\u65bd\u8fc5\u901f\u5f15\u8d77\u5bab\u5ef7\u8d35\u65cf\u4eec\u7684\u53cd\u5f39\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7acb\u5373\u50cf\u5f53\u521d\u5bf9\u5f85\u675c\u5c14\u54e5\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u731b\u70c8\u653b\u51fb\u5185\u514b\u30021781\u5e74\uff0c\u5185\u514b\u516c\u5e03\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u738b\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u9884\u7b97\u60c5\u51b5\u81f4\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u300a\u8d22\u653f\u62a5\u544a\u4e66\u300b\uff0c\u8be5\u62a5\u544a\u5411\u793e\u4f1a\u900f\u9732\u4e86\u56fd\u738b\u8d4f\u8d50\u94b1\u548c\u6069\u7ed9\u91d1\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u6570\u989d\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u738b\u5ba4\u548c\u9886\u53d6\u5927\u91cf\u5e74\u91d1\u7684\u663e\u8d35\u4eec\u518d\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5bb9\u5fcd\uff0c\u5185\u514b\u88ab\u8feb\u8f9e\u804c\u3002\u8d22\u653f\u62a5\u544a\u4e66\u62ab\u9732\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u5185\u514b\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u9769\u804c\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9707\u60ca\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u4f17\uff0c\u5bf9\u5bab\u5ef7\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\u60c5\u7eea\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0a\u5347\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

\u5185\u514b\u7684\u7ee7\u4efb\u8005\u662f\u738b\u540e\u739b\u4e3d\u00b7\u5b89\u6258\u74e6\u5185\u7279\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u3001\u4e8e1783\u5e74\u4efb\u804c\u7684\u5361\u9686\uff08Calonne 1783\u20141787\uff09\u3002\u5361\u9686\u4e3a\u4e86\u7b3c\u7edc\u738b\u516c\u8d35\u65cf\uff0c\u5728\u4e0a\u53f0\u521d\u671f\u4e00\u5ea6\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u4e0e\u5185\u514b\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u66fe\u4e3a\u5bab\u5ef7\u4eba\u5458\u507f\u8fd8\u8d4c\u503a\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5e74\u91d1\uff0c\u4f01\u56fe\u4ee5\u9614\u7ef0\u7684\u5047\u8c61\u62ac\u9ad8\u738b\u5ba4\u5fb7\u5a01\u671b\u3002\u4f46\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u5bc4\u5e0c\u671b\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7\u5f00\u6316\u8fd0\u6cb3\u3001\u5efa\u7b51\u6e2f\u53e3\u3001\u4fee\u5efa\u9053\u8def\u6765\u523a\u6fc0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u4f46\u6536\u6548\u5e76\u4e0d\u660e\u663e\u30021786\u5e74\uff0c\u201c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u8d64\u5b57\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86400\u5230500\u4e07\u6cd5\u90ce\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6\u6781\u7aef\u8865\u6551\u63aa\u65bd\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u663e\u7136\u5feb\u5230\u4e86\u3002\u201d8\u6708\uff0c\u8feb\u4e8e\u65e5\u76ca\u4e25\u5cfb\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u5361\u9686\u5411\u8def\u6613\u5341\u516d\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u8d22\u653f\u6539\u9769\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u5361\u9686\u7684\u6539\u9769\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0e\u6b64\u540e\u7684\u201c\u6e29\u548c\u9769\u547d\u65f6\u671f\u201d\u7684\u9769\u547d\u6210\u679c\u5341\u5206\u76f8\u8fd1\uff0c\u5373\u5411\u5bcc\u6709\u8005\u5f81\u7a0e\u3002\u5361\u9686\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u4ee5\u571f\u5730\u7279\u5f81\u7a0e\u4ee3\u66ff\u4eba\u5934\u7a0e\u548c\u4ec0\u4e00\u7a0e\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u571f\u5730\u6240\u6709\u8005\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7279\u6743\u7b49\u7ea7\u4e00\u5f8b\u4f9d\u5176\u6536\u5165\u591a\u5be1\u6309\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7f34\u7eb3\uff0c\u77ed\u671f\u56fd\u503a\u7684\u507f\u8fd8\u671f\u753110\u5e74\u5ef6\u957f\u81f320\u5e74\uff0c\u5e9f\u9664\u56fd\u5185\u4e00\u5207\u5173\u5361\uff0c\u53d6\u6d88\u5404\u9886\u5730\u7684\u5173\u7a0e\uff0c\u5ef6\u957f\u5bf9\u76d0\u548c\u70df\u8349\u7684\u4e13\u5356\u6743\u7b49\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u653f\u5e9c\u5c06\u6bcf\u5e74\u524a\u51cf\u8d22\u653f\u652f\u51fa2000\u4e07\u9502\u3002\u5361\u9686\u6e05\u9192\u5730\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e26\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u201c\u675c\u5c14\u54e5\u8272\u5f69\u201d\u7684\u6539\u9769\u65b9\u6848\u76f4\u63a5\u4ea4\u7531\u5df4\u9ece\u9ad8\u7b49\u6cd5\u9662\u5ba1\u6279\uff0c\u52bf\u5fc5\u62db\u81f4\u7279\u6743\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u5426\u51b3\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5411\u8def\u6613\u5341\u516d\u5efa\u8bae\u53ec\u5f00\u201c\u663e\u8d35\u4f1a\u8bae\u201d\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u6539\u9769\u65b9\u6848\u8fdb\u884c\u88c1\u51b3\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u4e4b\u5bc4\u4e88\u539a\u671b\u30021787\u5e742\u6708\uff0c\u201c\u7d27\u6025\u5e94\u53ec\u663e\u8d35\u4f1a\u8bae\u201d\u62db\u5f00\uff0c\u51fa\u5e2d\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u5171144\u4eba\uff0c\u8d35\u65cf\u548c\u6559\u58eb\u4ee3\u8868\u5360\u7edd\u5bf9\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u7b2c\u4e09\u7b49\u7ea7\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4e0d\u8db330\u4eba\u3002\u8def\u6613\u5341\u516d\u5e0c\u671b\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bae\u201c\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u9879\u548c\u5e73\u65f6\u671f\u5b9e\u884c\u7684\u571f\u5730\u5f81\u7a0e\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u56fd\u5bb6\u6446\u8131\u56f0\u5883\u201d\uff1a\u201c\u5e0c\u671b\u4ee5\u6b64\u907f\u5f00\u53ec\u5f00\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e09\u7ea7\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709175\u5e74\u6ca1\u6709\u53ec\u5f00\u8fc7\u4e09\u7ea7\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e86\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u5982\u679c\u5e94\u53ec\u663e\u8d35\u53ef\u4ee5\u51b3\u5b9a\u5f81\u7a0e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u51b3\u5b9a\u5f81\u7a0e\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u4ece\u8f85\u52a9\u6027\u7684\u673a\u6784\u53d8\u6210\u4e3b\u5bb0\u8005\u3002\u4f46\u653f\u5e9c\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u7d27\u6025\u5e94\u53ec\u663e\u8d35\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0d\u80fd\u6253\u5230\u589e\u52a0\u7a0e\u6536\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7531\u56fd\u738b\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u201c\u663e\u8d35\u201d\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4efd\u8d22\u653f\u6539\u9769\u65b9\u6848\u53d1\u8d77\u4e86\u731b\u70c8\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53cd\u5bf9\u610f\u89c1\u4e5f\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4e89\u6267\u4e0d\u4e0b\u3002\u8feb\u4e8e\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u5361\u9686\u4e8e1787\u5e744\u6708\u8f9e\u804c\uff0c\u6d41\u4ea1\u82f1\u56fd\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

\u8def\u6613\u5341\u516d\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u72b6\u51b5\u6bcf\u51b5\u6108\u4e0b\uff0c\u800c\u6539\u9769\u53c8\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u7684\u4e0d\u987a\uff0c\u65e0\u5948\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u5c06\u5e0c\u671b\u5bc4\u6258\u5728\u56fe\u5362\u5179\u5927\u4e3b\u6559\u5e03\u91cc\u57c3\u7eb3\uff08Brienne\uff0c1787\uff0d1788\uff09\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u5e03\u91cc\u57c3\u7eb3\u662f\u201c\u540d\u4eba\u4f1a\u8bae\u201d\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5361\u9686\u8d22\u653f\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u53cd\u5bf9\u8005\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u52d2\u8d39\u5f17\u5c14\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u65e0\u80fd\u7684\u7b28\u86cb\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4f4d\u6beb\u65e0\u521b\u89c1\u7684\u201c\u7b28\u86cb\u201d\u5728\u4e00\u7b79\u83ab\u5c55\u4e4b\u4e0b\u8f6c\u800c\u53c8\u8d5e\u540c\u8d77\u81ea\u5df1\u521a\u521a\u53cd\u5bf9\u8fc7\u7684\u5361\u9686\u8d22\u653f\u6539\u9769\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u6267\u610f\u589e\u52a0\u65b0\u7a0e\uff0c\u5e76\u8981\u6c42\u7279\u6743\u7b49\u7ea7\u4e5f\u8981\u7eb3\u7a0e\uff0c\u201c\u540d\u4eba\u4f1a\u8bae\u201d\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\u5411\u7279\u6743\u8005\u8bfe\u7a0e\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5e76\u58f0\u79f0\uff1a\u53ea\u6709\u5168\u56fd\u4e09\u7ea7\u4f1a\u8bae\u624d\u6709\u6743\u51b3\u5b9a\u8d22\u653f\u6539\u9769\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u5f00\u5f81\u65b0\u7a0e\u30021787\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u5fcd\u65e0\u53ef\u5fcd\u7684\u8def\u6613\u5341\u516d\u89e3\u6563\u4e86\u201c\u540d\u4eba\u4f1a\u8bae\u201d\u3002\u5e03\u91cc\u57c3\u7eb3\u5c06\u5361\u9686\u6539\u9769\u65b9\u6848\u7a0d\u4f5c\u4fee\u8865\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u660e\u77e5\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e3a\u800c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u5730\u5c06\u5b83\u4ea4\u7ed9\u5df4\u9ece\u9ad8\u7b49\u6cd5\u9662\u5ba1\u5b9a\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u89c1\u7684\uff0c\u5df4\u9ece\u9ad8\u7b49\u6cd5\u9662\u62d2\u7edd\u767b\u8bb0\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u63d0\u8bae\u53ec\u5f00\u4e09\u7ea7\u4f1a\u8bae\u4ee5\u51b3\u5b9a\u81e3\u6c11\u5e94\u5f53\u5982\u4f55\u5411\u56fd\u738b\u7eb3\u7a0e\u3002\u4e3a\u8feb\u4f7f\u5df4\u9ece\u9ad8\u7b49\u6cd5\u9662\u63a5\u53d7\u5e03\u91cc\u57c3\u7eb3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u8def\u6613\u5341\u516d\u66fe\u4e24\u5ea6\u4eb2\u4e34\u6cd5\u9662\u65bd\u52a0\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u6cd5\u9662\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e70\u5e10\u30021787\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u8def\u6613\u5341\u516d\u5c06\u5df4\u9ece\u9ad8\u7b49\u6cd5\u9662\u8d76\u5230\u4e86\u4e1c\u90e8\u57ce\u5e02\u7279\u9c81\u74e6\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u8feb\u4e8e\u8206\u8bba\u538b\u529b\u5c06\u4e4b\u53ec\u56de\u30021788\u5e745\u67083\u65e5\uff0c\u5df4\u9ece\u9ad8\u7b49\u6cd5\u9662\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba3\u8a00\uff0c\u5373\u300a\u6c11\u65cf\u6743\u5229\u548c\u541b\u4e3b\u6839\u672c\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u58f0\u79f0\u56fd\u6c11\u5e94\u5f53\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u671f\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u4e09\u7ea7\u4f1a\u8bae\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u201d\u5411\u56fd\u738b\u7eb3\u7a0e\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u5df4\u9ece\u9ad8\u7b49\u6cd5\u9662\u8bd5\u56fe\u5bf9\u738b\u6743\u52a0\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u8def\u6613\u5341\u516d\u76db\u6012\u4e4b\u4e0b\u628a\u4e24\u540d\u6cd5\u5b98\u6295\u5165\u76d1\u72f1\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u738b\u5ba4\u653f\u5e9c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u6fc0\u5316\uff0c\u5168\u56fd\u5404\u5730\u7684\u9a9a\u52a8\u6b64\u4f0f\u5f7c\u8d77\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u53ec\u5f00\u4e09\u7ea7\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u547c\u58f0\u4e5f\u8d8a\u53d1\u5f3a\u70c8\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

\u8fde\u6362\u4e864\u4efb\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u957f\u90fd\u65e0\u6d4e\u4e8e\u4e8b\u7684\u8def\u6613\u5341\u516d\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u201c\u627f\u8ba4\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u529e\u6cd5\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u56fd\u5bb6\u6446\u8131\u8d22\u653f\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u4ee5\u4e09\u7ea7\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0e\u56fd\u6c11\u534f\u5546\u201d\uff1a\u201c\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u53ef\u60f3\u4e86\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u53ec\u5f00\u90a3\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u6050\u7684\u4e09\u7ea7\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e86\u3002\u201d1788\u5e747\u67085\u65e5\uff0c\u56fd\u738b\u540c\u610f\u53ec\u5f00\u5168\u56fd\u4e09\u7ea7\u4f1a\u8bae\u30028\u6708\uff0c\u5e03\u91cc\u57c3\u7eb3\u8f9e\u804c\uff0c\u5185\u514b\u53c8\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u8bf7\u56de\u6765\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u4e3a\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u9996\u5e2d\u987e\u95ee\u3002\u5185\u514b\u4e0a\u4efb\u540e\u7b79\u63aa\u5230\u4e867500\u4e07\u9502\u7684\u501f\u6b3e\uff0c\u8d22\u653f\u5371\u673a\u6709\u6240\u7f13\u548c\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u8ba9\u6b65\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4f7f\u7b3c\u7f69\u5168\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5371\u673a\u6682\u65f6\u89e3\u9664\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8fdc\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u82f1\u6cd5\u901a\u5546\u6761\u7ea6\u7684\u751f\u6548\u5bfc\u81f4\u5927\u6279\u6cd5\u56fd\u4f01\u4e1a\u5012\u95ed\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u5927\u91cf\u5931\u4e1a\uff0c\u53c8\u7531\u4e8e1788\u5e74\u51fa\u73b0\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u707e\u5bb3\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u519c\u4e1a\u51fa\u73b0\u707e\u96be\u6027\u7684\u6b49\u6536\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u57ce\u4e61\u4e0b\u5c42\u5c45\u6c11\u5927\u90fd\u5904\u4e8e\u9965\u5bd2\u4ea4\u8feb\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5371\u673a\u3001\u8d22\u653f\u5371\u673a\u6108\u6f14\u6108\u70c8\uff0c\u7ec8\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u4e8b\u6001\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u8bb8\u591a\u8eab\u5904\u5404\u79cd\u77db\u76fe\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4e00\u573a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u72c2\u98ce\u66b4\u96e8\u7684\u5373\u5c06\u6765\u4e34\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u7b49\u7ea7\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u56fd\u738b\u8def\u6613\u5341\u516d\u66f4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u60f3\u5230\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u51e0\u4e4e\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u9769\u547d\u8005\u201d\uff0c\u66f4\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u4f1a\u60f3\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\u201c\u5c0f\u7ea2\u5e3d\u201d\u3001\u201c\u65ad\u5934\u53f0\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u5c31\u5728\u4e00\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u8840\u8165\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u5927\u9769\u547d\u5c31\u7206\u53d1\u4e86\uff0c\u65e0\u6570\u4eba\u5934\u843d\u5730\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u8def\u6613\u5341\u516d\u81ea\u5df1\u7adf\u4e5f\u88ab\u9001\u4e0a\u65ad\u5934\u53f0\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u540a\u8be1\uff08paradox\uff09\uff01<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

\u201c\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u53ec\u96c6\u4e09\u7ea7\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u653f\u5e9c\u8981\u5f97\u5230\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u94b1\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u522b\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u53ef\u60f3\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u5f00\u4f1a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ecd\u662f\u6cbf\u7528175\u5e74\u524d\u4e09\u7ea7\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u65e7\u4f8b\uff0c\u5373\u5404\u7b49\u7ea7\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u6570\u76f8\u540c\u3001\u4e09\u4e2a\u7b49\u7ea7\u5206\u522b\u5f00\u4f1a\u5e76\u6309\u7b49\u7ea7\u6295\u7968\u8868\u51b3\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u610f\u56fe\u771f\u7684\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5c31\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u6837\u5b50\u4e86\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u542f\u8499\u601d\u60f3\u718f\u9676\u768418\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u6bd5\u7adf\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u524d\u90a3\u4e2a\u541b\u4e3b\u4e13\u5236\u601d\u60f3\u5360\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u201c\u53e4\u5178\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e86\uff0c\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u8def\u6613\u5341\u516d\u7684\u8bbe\u60f3\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5929\u771f\u7684\u4e00\u53a2\u60c5\u613f\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

\u4e09\u7ea7\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e8e1789\u5e745\u67085\u65e5\u5f00\u5e55\uff0c\u4f1a\u8bae\u679c\u7136\u5f00\u5f97\u5f88\u4e0d\u987a\u5229\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u7b49\u7ea7\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4eec\u5bf9\u8def\u6613\u5341\u516d\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u5927\u5931\u6240\u671b\uff0c\u56fd\u738b\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u8d22\u653f\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u201c\u6715\u9700\u8981\u5fe0\u8bda\u7684\u81e3\u6c11\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6715\u514b\u670d\u76ee\u524d\u9047\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u8d22\u653f\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u201d\u8d22\u653f\u5927\u81e3\u5185\u514b\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u62a5\u544a\u5219\u662f\u56fd\u738b\u201c\u6307\u793a\u201d\u7684\u8be6\u5c3d\u800c\u5197\u957f\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5185\u5bb9\u592a\u591a\uff0c\u58f0\u5636\u529b\u7aed\u7684\u5185\u514b\u4e2d\u9014\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u8ba9\u4eba\u4ee3\u8bfb\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u8bf4\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u5e0c\u671b\u5185\u514b\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u6240\u521b\u89c1\uff0c\u201c\u4f46\u770b\u5230\u7684\u5374\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ea\u4f1a\u5ff5\u8d26\u5355\u7684\u4f1a\u8ba1\u201d\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u7b49\u7ea7\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e09\u7ea7\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u7279\u6743\u7b49\u7ea7\u7ef4\u62a4\u79c1\u5229\u7684\u573a\u6240\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5236\u5b9a\u4e00\u90e8\u5baa\u6cd5\u4ee5\u7ef4\u62a4\u4eba\u4eba\u751f\u800c\u6709\u4e4b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u5957\u65b0\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u5668\u4ee5\u53d6\u4ee3\u5f0a\u7aef\u4e1b\u751f\u7684\u4e13\u5236\u673a\u6784\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7ee7\u7eed\u5b9e\u884c\u4e09\u4e2a\u7b49\u7ea7\u5206\u5385\u8bae\u4e8b\u5e76\u6309\u7b49\u7ea7\u6295\u7968\uff0c\u7a0e\u6536\u6743\u5229\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u5229\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u53e5\u7a7a\u8bdd\u3002\u56fd\u738b\u548c\u5185\u514b\u5728\u4e09\u7ea7\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u7ec8\u7ed3\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e09\u7b49\u7ea7\u5bf9\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u70b9\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4e8b\u53ea\u80fd\u4f9d\u9760\u81ea\u5df1\u4e86\u3002 6\u670817\u65e5\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u7b49\u7ea7\u5c06\u6709\u540d\u65e0\u5b9e\u7684\u4e09\u7ea7\u4f1a\u8bae\u6539\u4e3a\u201c\u56fd\u6c11\u8bae\u4f1a\u201d\uff08Assembl\u00e9e nationale\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8d4b\u4e88\u81ea\u5df1\u6279\u51c6\u7a0e\u6536\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u8def\u6613\u5341\u516d\u5e76\u672a\u60f3\u51fa\u4ec0\u4e48\u5316\u89e3\u5371\u673a\u7684\u826f\u7b56\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u611a\u8822\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff0d\uff0d\u5173\u95ed\u7b2c\u4e09\u7b49\u7ea7\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\u5927\u5385\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684\u201c\u7f51\u7403\u573a\u5ba3\u8a93\u201d\u30027\u67089\u65e5\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u8bae\u4f1a\u53c8\u81ea\u884c\u5c06\u540d\u79f0\u66f4\u6539\u4e3a\u201c\u56fd\u6c11\u5236\u5baa\u8bae\u4f1a\u201d\uff08Assembl\u00e9e nationale constituante\uff09\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

\u8def\u6613\u5341\u516d\u5219\u7ee7\u7eed\u72af\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5728\u738b\u540e\u53ca\u90e8\u5206\u5bab\u5ef7\u8d35\u65cf\u7684\u9f13\u52a8\u4e0b\uff0c\u5411\u51e1\u5c14\u8d5b\u548c\u5df4\u9ece\u56db\u5468\u8c03\u6d3e\u519b\u961f\u4f01\u56fe\u52a0\u5f3a\u5bf9\u5c40\u52bf\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u6fc0\u8d77\u4e86\u56e0\u653f\u5e9c\u8d22\u653f\u6539\u9769\u6beb\u65e0\u6210\u5c31\u800c\u751f\u6d3b\u8270\u96be\u7684\u666e\u901a\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u5e76\u8fc5\u901f\u6f14\u5316\u6210\u4e00\u573a\u793e\u4f1a\u52a8\u4e71\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u5230\u5904\u5bfb\u627e\u6b66\u5668\uff0c\u8d2b\u6c11\uff08\u4e5e\u4e10\u548c\u5931\u4e1a\u8005\uff09\u5927\u8086\u62a2\u52ab\u30027\u670813\u65e5\u51cc\u6668\uff0c\u5df4\u9ece\u7684\u5404\u7a0e\u52a1\u6240\u5192\u8d77\u4e86\u9ed1\u70df\uff0c\u6559\u5802\u7684\u949f\u58f0\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u4e0a\u7a7a\u56de\u8361\uff0c\u62a5\u8b66\u7684\u70ae\u58f0\u9686\u9686\u4e0d\u65ad\u30027\u670814\u65e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u653b\u5360\u5df4\u58eb\u5e95\u72f1\u4e3a\u8c61\u5f81\u7684\u9769\u547d\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6cd5\u56fd\u6c11\u4f17\u7a81\u7136\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u8eab\u7adf\u7136\u62e5\u6709\u5982\u6b64\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5a01\u529b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u672c\u6765\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u201c\u575a\u4e0d\u53ef\u6467\u201d\u7684\u795e\u8bdd\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

\u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u4e00\u573a\u8d22\u653f\u6539\u9769\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u7adf\u7136\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u60ca\u5929\u52a8\u5730\u7684\u5927\u9769\u547d\u3002\u5f53\u5df4\u9ece\u6f14\u7ece\u7740\u8fd9\u60e8\u70c8\u7684\u4e00\u5e55\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8eab\u5728\u51e1\u5c14\u8d5b\u7684\u8def\u6613\u5341\u516d\u5374\u611f\u89c9\u8fdf\u949d\uff0c\u5e76\u672a\u609f\u51fa\u5c40\u52bf\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u6027\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u6d41\u6c34\u5e10\u5f0f\u7684\u8bb0\u4e8b\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c7\u670814\u65e5\u4e5f\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\uff1a\u201c14\u65e5\uff0c\u661f\u671f\u4e8c\uff0c\u65e0\u4e8b\u3002\u201d\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u770b\u4f3c\u4e0d\u8d77\u773c\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7adf\u7136\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u6cd5\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u751a\u81f3\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u9769\u547d\u7684\u6700\u540e\u7ed3\u5c40\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

\u9769\u547d\u884c\u52a8\u8fc5\u901f\u8513\u5ef6\u5230\u5916\u7701\uff0c\u519c\u6c11\u66b4\u52a8\u5e2d\u5377\u6cd5\u56fd\u519c\u6751\uff0c\u624b\u6301\u6b66\u5668\u7684\u5e84\u7a3c\u6c49\u51b2\u8fdb\u65f6\u4ee3\u538b\u8feb\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5c01\u5efa\u9886\u4e3b\u7684\u57ce\u5821\uff0c\u641c\u51fa\u90a3\u4e9b\u767b\u8bb0\u7740\u5c01\u5efa\u7279\u6743\u7684\u53e4\u8001\u8bc1\u4e66\u548c\u5f81\u6536\u6350\u7a0e\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u5951\u636e\uff0c\u5728\u6751\u5b50\u7684\u5e7f\u573a\u4e0a\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u4ed8\u4e4b\u4e00\u70ac\u3002\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u9769\u547d\u884c\u52a8\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6781\u5927\u5730\u51b2\u51fb\u4e86\u8d35\u65cf\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u89e6\u72af\u4e86\u57ce\u5e02\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u5730\u4ea7\u4e3b\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u6b64\u540d\u4e49\u5411\u519c\u6c11\u5f81\u6536\u6350\u7a0e\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u62a4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65e2\u5f97\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4e0d\u60dc\u4e0e\u8d35\u65cf\u8fd9\u4e2a\u539f\u5148\u7684\u654c\u4eba\u7ed3\u76df\u5171\u540c\u9547\u538b\u201c\u5931\u53bb\u7406\u667a\u201d\u7684\u519c\u6c11\u3002\u5728\u9a6c\u624e\u5730\u533a\uff0c26\u540d\u66b4\u52a8\u519c\u6c11\u5728\u4e00\u573a\u6700\u7ec8\u8d25\u4e8e\u57ce\u5e02\u6c11\u56e2\u7684\u6fc0\u6218\u540e\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u6cd5\u5ead\u7684\u5ba1\u5224\uff0c\u7edf\u7edf\u88ab\u5904\u4ee5\u7ede\u5211\u3002\u8fc5\u901f\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u519c\u6751\u5f62\u52bf\u8feb\u4f7f\u5236\u5baa\u8bae\u4f1a\u6682\u65f6\u653e\u4e0b\u6b63\u5728\u8d77\u8349\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u627f\u62c5\u8d77\u4fdd\u62a4\u519c\u6c11\u6743\u5229\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u30028\u67084\u65e5\u591c\u7684\u5236\u5baa\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\uff0c\u8d35\u65cf\u548c\u6559\u58eb\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4eec\u7eb7\u7eb7\u63d0\u8bae\u5e9f\u9664\u4e00\u5207\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\u5c01\u5efa\u7279\u6743\u548c\u8d4b\u7a0e\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4ec0\u4e00\u7a0e\uff0c\u53d6\u6d88\u5fad\u5f79\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u8eab\u5974\u5f79\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684\u201c8\u6708\u6cd5\u4ee4\u201d\u6cd5\u4ee4\u30021789\u5e748\u670826\u65e5\uff0c\u5236\u5baa\u4f1a\u8bae\u53c8\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u53f2\u4e43\u81f3\u4e16\u754c\u53f2\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u300a\u4eba\u6743\u4e0e\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u5229\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\uff0c\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u94f2\u9664\u4e86\u65e7\u5236\u5ea6\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u7279\u6743\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u53d6\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u7684\u662f\u4eba\u6743\u548c\u6cd5\u6cbb\u539f\u5219\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

\u8def\u6613\u5341\u516d\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u63a7\u5236\u5c40\u52bf\uff0c\u4ed6\u518d\u6b21\u4ece\u5916\u7701\u5411\u51e1\u5c14\u8d5b\u8c03\u96c6\u519b\u961f\uff0c\u6fc0\u8d77\u5df4\u9ece\u6c11\u4f17\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6124\u6012\u3002\u800c\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5df4\u9ece\u6b63\u5904\u5728\u7269\u4ef7\u9ad8\u6da8\u3001\u9762\u5305\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7684\u9965\u8352\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5371\u673a\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u63a8\u52a8\u7740\u653f\u6cbb\u5371\u673a\u5411\u524d\u53d1\u5c55\u300210\u67086\u65e5\u51cc\u6668\uff0c\u4e00\u7fa4\u60c5\u7eea\u6fc0\u594b\u7684\u7fa4\u4f17\u51b2\u8fdb\u738b\u5bab\uff0c\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u8d34\u8eab\u4f8d\u536b\u88ab\u6740\u3002\u5173\u952e\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u751f\u6027\u602f\u61e6\u3001\u6e29\u548c\u7684\u8def\u6613\u5341\u516d\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u4e0d\u4e0e\u6c11\u4f17\u5bf9\u6297\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4ed6\u88ab\u66b4\u52a8\u7684\u6c11\u4f17\u62bc\u56de\u4e86\u5df4\u9ece\uff0c\u88ab\u8f6f\u7981\u5728\u675c\u4f0a\u52d2\u91cc\u5bab\u4e2d\uff0c\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u56da\u201d\u3002\u5230\u8fbe\u5df4\u9ece\u65f6\uff0c\u8def\u6613\u5341\u516d\u7684\u9a6c\u8f66\u7a7f\u8fc7\u4eba\u7fa4\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u8131\u5e3d\u81f4\u656c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ee5\u6b7b\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u5bc2\u9759\u8868\u793a\u5185\u5fc3\u7684\u6124\u6168\u548c\u9119\u89c6\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

\u56fd\u738b\u539f\u5148\u7edd\u5bf9\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u9884\u7b97\u6743\u3001\u6cbb\u7a0e\u6743\u4ee5\u53ca\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u652f\u7684\u6279\u51c6\u6743\u548c\u76d1\u7763\u6743\u6b64\u65f6\u5df2\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u5236\u5baa\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u624b\u91cc\u30021789\u5e7410\u6708\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5236\u5baa\u8bae\u4f1a\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u8fdb\u884c\u8131\u80ce\u6362\u9aa8\u7684\u6539\u9020\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u884c\u4f7f\u5b83\u5df2\u7ecf\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u8d22\u653f\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u529b\u4e89\u514b\u670d\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u5371\u673a\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e1789\u5e74\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u5f81\u5f97\u4eba\u6c11\u540c\u610f\u201d\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u8d4b\u7a0e\u5236\u5ea6\u88ab\u5e9f\u9664\u540e\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u7a0e\u6e90\u4e00\u65f6\u5f88\u96be\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u53d1\u884c\u516c\u503a\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u52df\u6350\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u6536\u5165\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u676f\u6c34\u8f66\u85aa\uff0c\u5f53\u5e74\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d1f\u503a\u989d\u7531\u524d\u4e00\u5e74\u768430\u4ebf\u9502\u589e\u52a0\u523040\u4ebf\u9502\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d22\u653f\u4f9d\u7136\u5904\u4e8e\u5371\u6025\u4e2d\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u6446\u8131\u8d22\u653f\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u5236\u5baa\u8bae\u4f1a\u51b3\u5b9a\u5411\u6559\u4f1a\u5ba3\u6218\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u5360\u6709\u6cd5\u56fd\u53ef\u8015\u5730\u9762\u79ef\u768415%\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u5176\u8d22\u5bcc\u603b\u503c\u5927\u7ea6\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u503a\u52a1\u603b\u989d\u30021789\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u5236\u5baa\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e0b\u4ee4\u5c06\u6559\u4f1a\u5168\u90e8\u8d22\u4ea7\u6536\u5f52\u56fd\u6709\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u201c\u56fd\u6709\u5730\u4ea7\u201d\u5c3d\u5feb\u53d1\u6325\u6548\u7528\uff0c\u4ece1789\u5e7412\u670829\u65e5\u8d77\uff0c\u5236\u5baa\u8bae\u4f1a\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u884c\u4ee5\u56fd\u6709\u5730\u4ea7\u4e3a\u62c5\u4fdd\u7684\u201c\u6307\u5238\u201d \uff08\u4e00\u79cd\u56fd\u5e93\u503a\u5238\uff0cassignats\uff09\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u72b6\u51b5\u6709\u6240\u7f13\u548c\u30021790\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u5236\u5baa\u8bae\u4f1a\u53c8\u4e0b\u4ee4\u4ee5\u5206\u671f\u4ed8\u6b3e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u62cd\u5356\u6559\u4f1a\u5730\u4ea7\uff0c\u56fd\u5e93\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5f97\u5230\u5145\u5b9e\u3002\u8fd9\u671f\u95f4\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u6307\u5238\u201d\u8d2c\u503c\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\u4e0d\u65ad\u53cd\u6297\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u5730\u4ea7\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u5e8f\u5730\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u4e86\u8d44\u4ea7\u8005\u548c\u5bcc\u88d5\u519c\u6c11\u624b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5177\u6709\u65f6\u4ee3\u8fdb\u6b65\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5236\u5baa\u8bae\u4f1a\u8fd8\u6539\u9769\u4e86\u5730\u65b9\u884c\u653f\u533a\u5212\uff0c\u5927\u4f53\u4e0a\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u65e7\u5236\u5ea6\u65f6\u671f\u90a3\u79cd\u91cd\u5e8a\u53e0\u67b6\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\u72b6\u51b5\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

\u81f31791\u5e74\u590f\u5929\uff0c\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6539\u9020\u5de5\u4f5c\u5df2\u7ecf\u521d\u6b65\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u5baa\u6cd5\u7684\u6761\u6587\u4e5f\u5df2\u57fa\u672c\u6210\u578b\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8ddd\u79bb\u7acb\u5baa\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u6b65\u4e4b\u9065\u4e86\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u8fd9\u529f\u8d25\u5782\u6210\u4e4b\u9645\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u56fd\u738b\u6025\u5207\u5730\u60f3\u6062\u590d\u738b\u6743\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u56fd\u6c11\u8bae\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u6559\u4f1a\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4ed6\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u9003\u751f\uff0d\uff0d\u56e0\u4e3a\u660e\u773c\u4eba\u90fd\u770b\u5f97\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u56fd\u738b\u5df2\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u8eab\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u4fdd\u8bc1\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4eba\u4ee5\u9769\u547d\u4e3a\u540d\u5927\u5f00\u6740\u6212\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4ed6\u8def\u6613\u5341\u516d\u80af\u5b9a\u6392\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0d\uff0d\u53cd\u6b63\u4ed6\u795e\u5dee\u9b3c\u4f7f\u5730\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u201c\u9003\u8dd1\u201d\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u5c31\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u672c\u6587\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u5e55\u3002\u53ea\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u8fd0\u6c14\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u6ca1\u9003\u6389\uff0c\u53c8\u4e00\u6b21\u88ab\u62bc\u56de\u4e86\u5df4\u9ece\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

\u4ee5\u540e\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5927\u81f4\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff1a1791\u5e747\u670816\u65e5\uff0c\u7acb\u5baa\u6d3e\u51fa\u4e8e\u907f\u514d\u5916\u56fd\u5e72\u6d89\u7684\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u4fc3\u6210\u5236\u5baa\u8bae\u4f1a\u5ba3\u5e03\u6062\u590d\u8def\u6613\u5341\u516d\u7684\u738b\u4f4d\uff1b1791\u5e749\u670814\u65e5\uff0c\u8def\u6613\u5341\u516d\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u5236\u5baa\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u5e76\u5411\u5168\u4f53\u8bae\u5458\u516c\u5f00\u9053\u6b49\uff1b1791\u5e749\u670830\u65e5\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u7acb\u5baa\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u5236\u5baa\u8bae\u4f1a\u5ba3\u5e03\u89e3\u6563\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5baa\u6cd5\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7acb\u5baa\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u786e\u7acb\uff0c\u5927\u9769\u547d\u65b0\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684\u6d6a\u6f6e\u53c8\u6c79\u6d8c\u800c\u6765\u30021792\u5e749\u670821\u65e5\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u66b4\u529b\u9769\u547d\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u516c\u4f1a\u5ba3\u5e03\u5e9f\u6b62\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\u53c8\u5ba3\u5e03\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u4e3a\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u30021793\u5e741\u670816 \u65e5\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u6784\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u516c\u4f1a\u5c31\u8def\u6613\u5341\u516d\u7684\u751f\u6b7b\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u8868\u51b3\uff0c\u6fc0\u8fdb\u6d3e\u4ec5\u4ee51\u7968\u7684\u5fae\u5f31\u591a\u6570\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u8def\u6613\u5341\u516d\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

1793\u5e741\u670821\u65e5\u4e2d\u5348\uff0c\u5e74\u4ec539\u5c81\u7684\u8def\u6613\u5341\u516d\u88ab\u9001\u4e0a\u4e86\u8bbe\u5728\u5927\u9769\u547d\u5e7f\u573a\uff08\u4eca\u534f\u548c\u5e7f\u573a\uff0cdela Concorde\uff09\u7684\u65ad\u5934\u53f0\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6700\u540e\u51e0\u5206\u949f\u91cc\u8bf4\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u8bdd\u88ab\u6c38\u8fdc\u8f7d\u5165\u53f2\u518c\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u867d\u7136\u5f97\u6b7b\u53bb\uff0c\u4f46\u7edd\u6ca1\u6709\u72af\u8fc7\u4efb\u4f55\u6307\u63a7\u6211\u7684\u7f6a\u884c\u3002\u6211\u5bbd\u6055\u9020\u6210\u6211\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6211\u8fd8\u8981\u7948\u6c42\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u7684\u9c9c\u8840\u629b\u6d12\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u571f\u5730\u4e0a\u518d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6d41\u8840\u4e86\u3002\u201d\u5f53\u6c89\u91cd\u7684\u5229\u5203\u4e0b\u843d\u65f6\u9aa8\u8089\u65ad\u88c2\uff0c\u5728\u573a\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u8868\u60c5\u6781\u4e3a\u9634\u90c1\u3002\u4e00\u4f4d\u76ee\u51fb\u8005\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u90a3\u5929\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u6b65\u4f10\u7f13\u6162\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u6562\u5f7c\u6b64\u76f8\u671b\u3002\u201d\u540c\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u201c\u8d64\u5b57\u592b\u4eba\u201d\u3001\u738b\u540e\u739b\u4e3d\uff1f\u5b89\u6258\u74e6\u5185\u7279\u4e5f\u88ab\u63a8\u4e0a\u4e86\u65ad\u5934\u53f0\uff0c\u636e\u8bf4\u5f53\u65f6\u5979\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5fc3\u8e29\u4e86\u523d\u5b50\u624b\u7684\u811a\uff0c\u9a6c\u4e0a\u4e60\u60ef\u6027\u5730\u5411\u4ed6\u9053\u6b49\uff1a\u201c\u771f\u5bf9\u4e0d\u8d77\uff0c\u5148\u751f\u3002\u201d<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

\u884c\u5211\u65f6\uff0c\u5e7f\u573a\u4e0a\u4eba\u5c71\u4eba\u6d77\u3002\u585e\u7eb3\u6cb3\u6c34\uff0c\u5728\u65e0\u58f0\u5730\u6d41\u6dcc\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

\u6cd5\u56fd\u60ca\u5fc3\u52a8\u9b44\u7684\u5f80\u4e8b\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u7b14\u8005\u5728\u51e0\u5e74\u524d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d22\u653f\u3001\u7a0e\u6536\u90fd\u9996\u5148\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u624d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u95ee\u9898\u3002 \u3010\u672a\u5b8c\u3011 <\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

\u2014\u2014 \u539f\u8f7d: \u4e2d\u6587\u72ec\u7acb\u7b14\u4f1a<\/FONT><\/P>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1791\u5e746\u670820\u65e5\u6df1\u591c\uff0c\u51c4\u98ce\u82e6\u96e8\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u56fd\u738b\u8def\u6613\u5341\u516d\u4e54\u88c5\u6253\u626e\uff0c\u643a\u5168\u5bb6\u6f5c\u51fa\u675c\u4f0a\u52d2\u91cc\u5bab\uff0c\u4e58\u4e0a\u4e00\u8f86\u4e8b\u5148\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u7684\u7279\u5236\u9a6c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15678","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-thought","et-doesnt-have-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15678","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=15678"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15678\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=15678"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=15678"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=15678"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}