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size=3>\u4ece\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u770b\uff0c\u9664\u5c11\u6570\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u53f0\u6e7e\uff0c\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u77db\u76fe\u8f83\u5c11\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u5bb6\u65af\u8482\u82ac&#8226;\u54c8\u683c\u5fb7\uff08Stephen Haggard\uff09\u548c\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279&#8226;\u8003\u592b\u66fc(Robert R. 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House\uff09\uff0c\u4ece50\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\u63a2\u7d22\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u6574\u5957\u8bc4\u4f30\u8ba1\u91cf\u6807\u51c6\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5176\u4e00\u5e74\u4e00\u5ea6\u7684\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u81ea\u7531\u62a5\u544a\u201d\u53d7\u5230\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\uff0c\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u7814\u7a76\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u5b83\u4ece\u4e24\u7ec4\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u5373\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u5229\u548c\u516c\u6c11\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u6765\u8bc4\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u72b6\u51b5\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u5229\uff08political 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class=indent><FONT size=3>\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u5fd8\u8bb0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769\u5f88\u4e0d\u5f7b\u5e95\uff0c\u91d1\u878d\u3001\u7535\u4fe1\u3001\u94c1\u8def\u3001\u822a\u7a7a\u3001\u91cd\u5de5\u4e1a\u7b49\u5173\u952e\u9886\u57df\u4ecd\u7136\u7531\u56fd\u5bb6\u5784\u65ad\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5de5\u4f1a\u7b49\u516c\u6c11\u81ea\u7531\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P class=indent><FONT 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class=indent><FONT size=3>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u7531\u76ee\u524d\u663e\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u5bf9\u8a00\u8bba\u7ba1\u5236\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4eca\u5929\u4f60\u6253\u5f00\u7f51\u9875\u5c31\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u8b66\u5bdf\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u7ec4\u515a\u3001\u96c6\u4f1a\u3001\u6e38\u884c\u3001\u9009\u4e3e\u7b49\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u6bcb\u5eb8\u8d58\u8a00\u3002\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u5229\u7b49\u4e8e\u96f6\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u662f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u538b\u8feb\u6027\u7684\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P class=indent><FONT size=3>\u8fd9\u5c06\u6211\u4eec\u5f15\u5411\u4e86\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u8868\u8ff0\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u653f\u4f53\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4ec0\u4e48\u7c7b\u578b\uff1f\u6709\u4eba\u8bf4\u5b83\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\uff08totalitarian regime\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u8bf4\u662f\u540e\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684(post-totalitarian regime)\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4eba\u8bf4\u662f\u5a01\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684(authoritarian regime)\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6797\u8328\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5176\u7279\u5f81\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u51e0\u4e4e\u94f2\u9664\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6240\u6709\u591a\u5143\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u201c\u540e\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5b83\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u76f8\u5f53\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u591a\u5143\u5316\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0e\u5b98\u65b9\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u5e73\u884c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6587\u5316\uff08second 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Levitsky \uff09\u3001\u9c81\u900a&#8226;\u7ef4\uff08Lucan A.Way\uff09\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u7ade\u4e89\u6027\u5a01\u6743\u653f\u4f53\u201d\uff08competitive authoritarian regime\uff09\uff08\u6ce824\uff09\u3002\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u3001\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u3001\u53f0\u6e7e\uff081986\u5e74\u524d\u515a\u5916\u8fd0\u52a8\u65f6\u671f\uff09\u3001\u6cf0\u56fd\uff082005\u5e74\u540e\uff09\u3001\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\uff08\u53f6\u5229\u94a6\u4e4b\u540e\uff09\u3001\u963f\u585e\u62dc\u7586\u3001\u4e9a\u7f8e\u5c3c\u4e9a\u3001\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\uff082004\u5e74\u6a59\u8272\u9769\u547d\u524d\uff09\u3001\u683c\u9c81\u5409\u4e9a\uff082003\u5e74\u73ab\u7470\u9769\u547d\u524d\uff09\u3001\u57c3\u53ca\u3001\u80af\u5c3c\u4e9a\u3001\u585e\u5185\u52a0\u5c14\u3001\u7ea6\u65e6\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u201c\u7ade\u4e89\u6027\u5a01\u6743\u653f\u4f53\u201d\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P class=indent><FONT 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size=3>9.\u8427\u529f\u79e6\u300a\u8d70\u5411\u65b0\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1a\u6539\u9769\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u4e0e\u6311\u6218\u300b\uff08http:\/\/is.gd\/fCBU2\uff0c2001\u5e74\uff09\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>10.\u6f58\u7ef4\u300a\u6cd5\u6cbb\u4e0e\u672a\u6765\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u4f53\u300b\uff08\u300a\u6218\u7565\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u300b1999\u5e74\u7b2c5\u671f\uff09\u3002\u5f15\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u4e3b\u5236\u201d\u7cfb\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u82f1\u6587\u672f\u8bedautocracy, \u51c6\u786e\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u201c\u72ec\u88c1\u5236\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u663e\u7136\u662f\u6f58\u7ef4\u8981\u523b\u610f\u907f\u8bb3\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ece\u6784\u8bcd\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u8bd1\u6210\u4e86\u4e2d\u6587\u8bfb\u8005\u83ab\u540d\u5176\u5999\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u4e3b\u5236\u201d\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba8\u8bba\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u4f53\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u8fde\u201c\u72ec\u88c1\u5236\u201d\u7684\u63d0\u6cd5\u90fd\u8981\u523b\u610f\u907f\u8bb3\u3001\u8fc7\u6ee4\uff0c\u5176\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u786e\u5b9e\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u518d\u8bf4\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e86\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>11.\u738b\u529b\u96c4\u300a\u9012\u8fdb\u6c11\u4e3b\u2014\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u6761\u9053\u8def\u300b\uff08\u7f51\u7edc\u7248\uff09\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u201d\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>12.Lord Hugh Cecil: Conservatism, p.9 (Williams and Norgate) . <\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>13. \u53c2\u89c1\u300a\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u6587\u9009\u300b\u7b2c\u4e09\u5377\u201c\u65d7\u5e1c\u5ba3\u660e\u5730\u53cd\u5bf9\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u201d\uff081986\u5e74\uff09\u3001\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u5b89\u5b9a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u73af\u5883\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\u90fd\u5e72\u4e0d\u6210\u201d\uff081987\u5e74\uff09\u3001\u201c\u538b\u5012\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u201d\uff081989\u5e74\uff09\u3001\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0d\u8bb8\u4e71\u201d\uff081989\u5e74\uff09\u7b49\u8bb2\u8bdd\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>14.\u300a\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u6587\u9009\u300b\u7b2c\u4e09\u5377285\u9875\uff08\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1994\u5e74\uff09\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>15.\u53c2\u89c1Guillermo O\u2019Donnell and Philipp. C. Schmitter\uff1aTransitions from Authoritarian Rule: Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies.pp.49-53. <\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>16.\u53c2\u89c1Paul Preston\uff1a\u201cThe Triumph of Democracy in Spain\u201d\uff0cpp.91-159. <\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>17.\u8427\u529f\u79e6\u300a\u8f6c\u578b\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u89c6\u91ce\u4e0b\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u300b\uff08\u300a\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u300b\uff08\u53cc\u6708\u520a\uff092008\/4\u6708\u53f7\uff0c\u603b\u7b2c21\u671f\uff09\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>18.Karl Popp.er: Open Society and its Enemies, Vol.I\u540c\u4e0a\u4e66\uff0cp110\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>19.Stephen Haggard and Robert R. Kaufman: The Political Economy of Democratic Transitions. pp.32-39.(Princeton University Press, 1995) <\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>20.Montesquieu, Complete Works, vol. 3 (Grandeur and Declension of the Roman Empire; A Dialogue between Sylla and Eucrates; Persian Letters).pp.64-65.(T. Evans and W.Davis, London, 1777). <\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>21.\u664b\u519b\u7b49\u300a\u4ee5\u5229\u76ca\u8868\u8fbe\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u5b9e\u73b0\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u957f\u6cbb\u4e45\u5b89\u300b\uff08http:\/\/is.gd\/fOUPh\uff0c2010\u5e74\uff09\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>22.\u53c2\u89c1\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u5bb6\u201d2009\u5e74\u5ea6\u7684\u62a5\u544a\uff1aFreedom in the World: The Annual Survey of Political and Civil Rights\u3002http:\/\/www.freedomhouse.org<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>23.\u53c2\u89c1Juan Linz and A. Stepan\uff1aProblems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation\uff0cpp.38-43\uff1bJuan Linz: Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes.pp.5-7, pp.65-70; 159-165.\uff08Lynne Rienner Publishers,2000\uff09\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>24.Steven Levitsky and Lucan A. Way: \u201cThe Rise of Competitive Authoritarianism\u201d( Journal of Democracy Volume 13, Number 2 April 2002). <\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>25.Larry Diamond:\u201cThinking about Hybrid Regimes\u201d(Journal of Democracy Volume 13, Number 2 April 2002). <\/FONT><\/P><\/DIV><\/DIV><\/DIV><!-- \/node-inner, \/node --><\/DIV><!-- \/#content-area-->\r\n<DIV id=content-bottom class=\\\"region region-content_bottom\\\">\r\n<DIV id=block-block-10 class=\\\"block block-block region-odd odd region-count-1 count-13\\\">\r\n<DIV class=block-inner>\r\n<DIV class=content>\r\n<DIV id=copyrightfooter><FONT size=3>\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6743\u53cc\u5468\u520a\u300b\u9996\u53d1\uff0c\u8f6c\u8f7d\u8bf7\u6ce8\u660e\u51fa\u5904:<BR><\/FONT><A href=\\\"http:\/\/biweekly.hrichina.org\/article\/1012\\\"><FONT color=#5e75b3 size=3>http:\/\/biweekly.hrichina.org\/article\/1012<\/FONT><\/A><FONT size=3> <\/FONT><\/DIV><\/DIV><\/DIV><\/DIV><!-- \/block-inner, \/block --><\/DIV><!-- \/#content-bottom -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\uff08\u7eed\u7b2c50\u671f\uff09 \u7b2c\u516b\u7ae0 \u8f6c\u578b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u6070\u5f53\u53d8\u9769\u987a\u5e8f \uff08\u4e0bB\uff09 4.2 \u518d\u8bba\u8f6c\u578b\u6050\u60e7 \u4e3a\u4e86\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u542f\u52a8\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20349","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-thought","et-doesnt-have-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20349","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=20349"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20349\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=20349"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=20349"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=20349"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}