{"id":21280,"date":"2011-07-09T03:58:00","date_gmt":"2011-07-09T03:58:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:10081\/?p=21280 "},"modified":"2011-07-09T03:58:00","modified_gmt":"2011-07-09T03:58:00","slug":"21280-revision-v1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/?p=21280","title":{"rendered":"\u9f9a\u5c0f\u590f\uff1a\u6539\u53d8\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4e94\u5341\u4e94\u4e2a\u5b57"},"content":{"rendered":"

1776\u5e747\u67084\u65e5\uff0c\u7531\u82f1\u56fd\u5317\u7f8e\u5341\u4e09\u4e2a\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u5927\u9646\u4f1a\u8bae\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u300a\u72ec\u7acb\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\uff0c\u5ba3\u5e03\u8131\u79bb\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002\u8fd9\u4efd\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u7acb\u56fd\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4eba\u6743\u6587\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u300a\u72ec\u7acb\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bb5\u4e2d\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u4e94\u5341\u4e94\u4e2a\u5b57\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u82f1\u8bed\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u6700\u5e7f\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u5b57\u53e5\uff1a“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.”<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u4eba\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u672c\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\uff1a“\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u4e9b\u771f\u7406\u662f\u4e0d\u8a00\u800c\u55bb\u7684\uff1a\u4eba\u4eba\u751f\u800c\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u9020\u7269\u8005\u8d4b\u4e88\u4ed6\u4eec\u82e5\u5e72\u4e0d\u53ef\u5265\u593a\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u751f\u547d\u6743\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u6743\u548c\u8ffd\u6c42\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u969c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6743\u5229 \uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u624d\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u800c\u653f\u5e9c\u4e4b\u6b63\u5f53\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u662f\u7ecf\u88ab\u6cbb\u7406\u8005\u7684\u540c\u610f\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3002”<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u5bf9\u8bd1\u6587\u6301\u6279\u8bc4\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u8868\u8fbe\u51fa\u82f1\u6587\u7684\u539f\u610f\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u63a2\u7a76“\u9020\u7269\u8005”\u4e00\u8bcd\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u6307\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u6216\u8005“\u4eba\u4eba\u751f\u800c\u5e73\u7b49”\u662f\u5426\u5e94\u8be5\u8bd1\u4f5c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5e73\u7b49\u5730\u521b\u9020\u4eba\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u5b57\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u767e\u5730\u5fe0\u5b9e\u8868\u8fbe\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u51e0\u53e5\u8bdd\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5927\u7ea6\u80fd\u591f\u4e3a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u539f\u610f\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u72ec\u7acb\u51b3\u8bae\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5927\u9646\u4f1a\u8bae\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e94\u540d\u6210\u5458\u53bb\u8d77\u8349\u300a\u72ec\u7acb\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u5bbe\u5915\u6cd5\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7684\u672c\u6770\u660e-\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u3001\u9a6c\u8428\u8bf8\u585e\u7684\u7ea6\u7ff0-\u4e9a\u5f53\u65af\u3001\u5f17\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7684\u6258\u9a6c\u65af-\u6770\u4f5b\u900a\u3001\u7ebd\u7ea6\u7684\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279-\u5229\u6587\u65af\u987f\u3001\u5eb7\u6d85\u72c4\u683c\u7684\u7f57\u6770-\u8c22\u5c14\u66fc\u3002\u4ee5\u6587\u7b14\u4f18\u7f8e\u8457\u79f0\u7684\u6770\u4f5b\u900a\u88ab\u59d4\u6258\u53bb\u6267\u7b14\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u6770\u4f5b\u900a\u7684\u539f\u7a3f\u4e2d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u5199\u7684\uff1a“We hold these truths to be sacred and undeniable\uff08\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u4e9b\u771f\u7406\u662f\u795e\u5723\u800c\u4e0d\u53ef\u5265\u593a\u7684\uff09\uff0cthat all men are created equal.”\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u5bf9\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u4e0d\u6ee1\u610f\uff0c\u6539\u4e3a“We hold these truths to be self-evident”\u3002\u6770\u4f5b\u900a\u662f\u5362\u68ad\u548c\u6d1b\u514b“\u5929\u8d4b\u4eba\u6743”\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8005\uff0c“\u795e\u5723\u800c\u4e0d\u53ef\u5265\u593a”\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u81ea\u7136\u6743\u5229\u8bf4\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3002\u800c\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5353\u6709 \u6210\u5c31\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u53d7\u4ed6\u7684\u597d\u53cb\u5927\u536b ·\u4f11\u8c1f\u5021\u5bfc\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b66\u6d3e\u5f71\u54cd\u5f88\u6df1\uff0c“\u4e0d\u8a00\u800c\u55bb”\uff08\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u8bd1\u4f5c“\u4e0d\u8bc1\u81ea\u660e”\uff09\u4f53\u73b0\u7684\u6b63\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u80cc\u666f\u3002“\u4e0d\u8a00\u800c\u55bb”\u6bd4“\u795e\u5723\u4e0d\u53ef\u5265\u593a”\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba \u7c7b\u5e73\u7b49\u6709\u7740\u66f4\u52a0\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u80af\u5b9a\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

“Created equal”\u8fd9\u91cc\u9762\u4f53\u73b0\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4e5f\u66f4\u591a\u662f\u542f\u8499\u4e3b\u4e49\u65f6\u4ee3\u82f1\u56fd\u5f0f\u7684\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6cd5\u56fd\u5f0f\u7684\u3002\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684“\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u5e73\u7b49\u3001\u535a\u7231”\uff08liberté, égalité, fraternité\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u5f3a\u8c03\u793e\u4f1a\u5206\u914d\u7684\u516c\u5e73\uff0c\u8ba9\u751f\u6765\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u5dee\u522b\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u80fd\u4eab\u53d7\u5230\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u793e\u4f1a\u6210\u679c\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u5219\u6ce8\u91cd\u7684\u662f\u516c\u6c11\u751f\u6765\u5c31\u540c\u7b49\u4eab\u6709\u6743\u5229\u3002\u6d1b \u514b\u6307\u51fa\u90a3\u5305\u62ec\u751f\u547d\u6743\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u6743\u3001\u8d22\u4ea7\u6743\u3002\u6770\u4f5b\u900a\u5c06\u8d22\u4ea7\u6743\u6539\u4e3a\u8ffd\u6c42\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6539\u6bd4\u539f\u6765\u66f4\u5bcc\u6709\u8bd7\u610f\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u79bb\u5f00\u539f\u6765\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u4e0b\u4e00\u53e5\u5173\u4e8e\u653f\u5e9c\u6743\u529b\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u56fd\u9645\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u6743\u6761\u7ea6\u4e2d\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u9762\u5c06\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6743\u529b\u8303\u56f4\u89c4\u5b9a\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u72ed\u7a84——\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u7edf\u6cbb\u4eba\u6c11\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u7ecf \u6d4e\u3001\u521b\u9020\u672a\u6765\uff0c\u800c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86“secure these rights”\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u4fdd\u969c\u4eba\u6c11\u80fd\u591f\u4eab\u6709\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6743\u5229\u3002\u800c\u4e0d\u7ecf\u8fc7\u88ab\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u7684\u540c\u610f——“consent”\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u5927\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6709\u53cc\u65b9\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5173 \u952e\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e00\u65b9\u7684\u7406\u6027\u7684\u9996\u80af——\u653f\u5e9c\u5c31\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u300a\u72ec\u7acb\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u4ee5\u53ca\u540e\u6765\u7f8e\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u7684\u300a\u6743\u5229\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u4eab\u6709\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0e\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u6743\u5229——\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u6743——\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u6743\u5229\u53d7\u5230\u4fb5\u72af\u800c\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e88\u4ee5\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u653f\u5e9c\u5c31\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

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