{"id":21519,"date":"2011-07-23T21:54:00","date_gmt":"2011-07-23T21:54:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:10081\/?p=21519 "},"modified":"2011-07-23T21:54:00","modified_gmt":"2011-07-23T21:54:00","slug":"21519-revision-v1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/?p=21519","title":{"rendered":"\u6b27\u6d32\u91cd\u8fd4\u4e16\u754c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u5916\u90e8\u56e0\u7d20\u4e4b\u6218\u7565\u5b66\u89e3\u6790\uff085\uff0c\u4e0a\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">\u5f15\u8a00\uff1a\u91cd\u5927\u5386\u53f2&#8220;\u770b\u70b9&#8221;\u4e0e\u4e2a\u6848<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 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style=\"font-size: 12pt\">\u6797\u7ecd\u5e74\u7684\u7acb\u5baa\u5efa\u8bae\u672a\u5f97\u91c7\u7eb3\u4e0e\u5b9e\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u8fd8\u662f\u52aa\u529b\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u6280\u672f\u5316\u6539\u9769\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u5ea6\u652f\u90e8\u4f8d\u90ce\u804c\u4f4d\u4e0a\u51fa\u4efb\u6cb3\u5357\u5de1\u629a\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5efa\u8bae\u4e0d\u518d\u5b9e\u884c\u53bf\u4e1e\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u4f4e\u7ea7\u5b98\u5458\u6613\u5730\u505a\u5b98\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c0f\u5b98\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u5728\u5f02\u5730\u8d1f\u62c5\u5927\u91cf\u4e2a\u4eba\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4eba\u5730\u4e24\u751f\u800c\u65e0\u529e\u516c\u6548\u7387\u3002\u6b64\u9879\u6539\u9769\u5efa\u8bae\u88ab\u671d\u5ef7\u91c7\u7eb3\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u51cf\u7f13\u4e86\u4f4e\u5c42\u5b98\u540f\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u538b\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">\u4e09\u3001\u6709\u79ef\u6781\u53d6\u5411\u7684&#8220;\u65b0\u514b\u5bab\u4e4b\u5b66&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">\u975e\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5c01\u95ed\u6027\u5373\u5176\u6545\u610f\u5236\u9020\u4e0e\u6c11\u95f4\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u662f\u5176\u672c\u8d28\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8bdd\u8bed\uff08\u5982\u7ea2\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\u81ea\u8eab\u8a00\u660e\u5b83\u9700\u8981&#8220;\u6df1\u523b\u9886\u4f1a&#8221;\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u5176\u5386\u53f2\u6bd4\u8f83\u6027\u5f80\u5f80\u88ab\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u53d8\u9769\u8005\u6240\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u6bd4\u65b9\u8bf4\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u666e\u4e16\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u906d\u56f4\u653b\uff0c\u65e0\u975e\u662f\u90ed\u5d69\u7118&#8220;\u65e5\u8bb0\u4e8b\u4ef6&#8221;\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u5386\u53f2\u91cd\u590d\u4e0e\u653e\u5927\uff0c\u800c\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u88f9\u8db3\u4e0d\u524d\uff0c\u65e0\u975e\u662f\u6587\u7965\u5bc6\u594f\u4e0e\u6797\u7ecd\u5e74\u5baa\u653f\u5efa\u8bae\u4e4b\u906d\u9047\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u3002[5]<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">\u6709\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u91c7\u7528&#8220;\u514b\u91cc\u59c6\u6797\u5bab\u5b66&#8221;\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u7ef4\u62a4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6e29\u5bb6\u5b9d\u8bbf\u6b27\u65f6&#8220;\u53cd\u5bf9\u4eba\u6743\u8bfe&#8221;[6]\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u771f\u5b9e\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u903b\u8f91\u5730\u56de\u6eaf\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u8bf4\u660e\u6e29\u5bb6\u5b9d\u4ecd\u7136\u5728\u6587\u7965\u4e0e\u6797\u7ecd\u5e74\u7684&#8220;\u5386\u53f2\u955c\u50cf&#8221;\u4e2d\u594b\u529b\u6323\u624e\u3002\u6bd4\u4e4b\u5361\u6885\u4f26\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u8f9e\u4ee4\uff0c\u6e29\u66f4\u6709\u5a49\u8f6c\u8868\u6001\u4e4b\u610f\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u5361\u6885\u4f26\u8bf4\uff1a&#8220;\u53cc\u65b9\u80fd\u591f\u8c08\u8bba\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u7cfb\u7262\u9760\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ff9\u8c61\u3002&#8221;[7]<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u6e29\u5bb6\u5b9d\u8bf4\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5c06\u66f4\u52a0\u6c11\u4e3b\u3002&#8220;\u4f46\u4ed6\u8981\u6c42\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u897f\u65b9\u4e0d\u8981\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bf4\u6559&#8221;\uff0c\u300a\u5370\u5ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u62a5\u9053\u5982\u662f\u8bf4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">\u6e29\u5bb6\u5b9d\u6323\u624e\u4e8e&#8220;\u5386\u53f2\u955c\u50cf&#8221;\u66f4\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u5728\u7ed9&#8220;\u514b\u91cc\u59c6\u6797\u5bab\u5b66&#8221;\u505a\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u514b\u91cc\u59c6\u6797\u5bab\u5b66\uff08Kremlinology\uff0c\u53ef\u7b80\u79f0&#8220;\u514b\u5bab\u4e4b\u5b66&#8221;\uff09\uff0c\u6309\u300a\u5e03\u83b1\u514b\u7ef4\u5c14\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66\u300b\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u662f\u6307&#8220;\u4f9d\u636e\u95f4\u63a5\u548c\u6697\u793a\u6750\u6599\u53bb\u5206\u6790\u82cf\u8054\u653f\u6cbb\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u7834\u8bd1\u672f&#8221;[8]\u3002\u5b83\u6709\u4e24\u9879\u7ecf\u5178\u6027\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u82cf\u8054\u56fd\u5185\u6b63\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u6709\u8bfb\u61c2\u767d\u7eb8\u9ed1\u5b57\u7684\u4e66\u9762\u6750\u6599\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8981\u6709\u5f04\u6e05\u5b57\u91cc\u884c\u95f4\u5fae\u8a00\u5927\u4e49\u7684\u672c\u9886[9]\uff1b\u5176\u4e8c\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u4e89\u8bae\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u501f\u52a9\u4f0a\u7d22\u5bd3\u8a00\u5f0f\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6216\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6666\u6da9\u96be\u61c2\u3001\u6697\u7801\u5f0f\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u5b66\u6765\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u5c06\u610f\u89c1\u4ea4\u950b\u9650\u5236\u5728\u53d1\u8d77\u8005\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185[10]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span 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12pt\"><em>\u56fe\u4e8c\uff1a\u8017\u8d44\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5149\u7535\u5927\u53a6\u3002\uff08\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u6444\u4e8e2010\u5e749\u670820\u65e5\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53bf\u7ea7\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u5e7f\u7535\u5927\u53a6\u5916\u89c2\u3002\uff09<\/em><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">\u5c0f\u7ed3\uff1a\u6218\u7565\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u4e92\u76f8\u6027<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 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