{"id":21850,"date":"2011-08-17T16:06:00","date_gmt":"2011-08-17T16:06:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:10081\/?p=21850 "},"modified":"2011-08-17T16:06:00","modified_gmt":"2011-08-17T16:06:00","slug":"21850-revision-v1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/?p=21850","title":{"rendered":"\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u7a7a\u60f3"},"content":{"rendered":"

“\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5e7b\u60f3\u3002”<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6765\u56de\u7b54\u5728\u672c\u4e66\u300a\u5e8f\u8a00\u300b\u4e2d\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e86\uff1a“\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4eba\u4e3a\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fd0\u52a8\u672c\u8eab\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u96be\u4ee5\u514b\u670d\u7684\u5f31\u70b9\uff1f”\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u5b9e\u662d\u7136\u82e5\u63ed\uff1a\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u540e\u8005\u3002\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4e49\u597d\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u505a\u9519\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u5f88\u7cdf\u7684\u7a7a\u60f3\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u81ea1917\u5e74\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u515a\u4eba\u5728\u4fc4\u56fd\u53d6\u5f97\u653f\u6743\u4e4b\u65e5\u8d77\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u591a\u6b21\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u8981\u6309\u7167\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u539f\u5219\u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u65b0\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u3002\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u65b9\u9762\u66fe\u6177\u6168\u5730\u7528\u91d1\u94b1\u3001\u6b66\u5668\u6765\u652f\u63f4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e4b\u51fa\u8c0b\u5212\u7b56\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9769\u547d\u90fd\u5931\u8d25\u4e86\u3002\u800c\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u4fc4\u56fd\u4e5f\u57ae\u53f0\u4e86\u3002\u65f6\u81f3\u4eca\u65e5\uff0c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u53ea\u5728\u5c11\u6570\u51e0\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6——\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u5317\u671d\u9c9c\u3001\u8d8a\u5357\u3001\u53e4\u5df4——\u4e2d\u6b8b\u5b58\u4e86\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u91cc\uff0c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e5f\u5728\u65e5\u76ca\u6d88\u8680\u4e0b\u53bb\uff1a\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4eba\u53ea\u662f\u4e0d\u60dc\u5bf9\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f5c\u51fa\u5de8\u5927\u8ba9\u6b65\uff0c\u624d\u5f97\u4ee5\u628a\u653f\u6743\u6491\u6301\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u56de\u6eaf\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee4\u4eba\u6cae\u4e27\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u60c5\u5408\u7406\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7406\u8bba\u9519\u4e86\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7eb2\u9886\u9519\u4e86\uff0c\u6216\u4e24\u8005\u5168\u90fd\u9519\u4e86\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4ece\u82cf\u8054\u89e3\u4f53\u8bf4\u8d77\u5427\uff1a\u82cf\u8054\u539f\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u7b56\u52a8\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u539f\u52a8\u529b\u3002\u81ea\u4ece1991\u5e74\u82cf\u8054\u89e3\u4f53\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u60ca\u5fc3\u52a8\u9b44\u7684\u5927\u4e8b\u63d0\u51fa\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6837\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u82cf\u8054\u7ecf\u6d4e\u505c\u6ede\u4e0d\u524d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u82cf\u8054\u516c\u6c11\u63a5\u89e6\u5916\u56fd\u8baf\u606f\u592a\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u82cf\u8054\u5728\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u7528\u5175\u7684\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u82cf\u8054\u5728\u519b\u5907\u7ade\u8d5b\u4e2d\u8d1f\u62c5\u592a\u91cd\uff0c\u65e0\u529b\u5e94\u4ed8\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u56fd\u5185\u5f02\u8bae\u8702\u8d77\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5236\u6b62\uff1b\u800c\u50cf\u6ce2\u5170\u56e2\u7ed3\u5de5\u4f1a\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u5f04\u5f97\u82cf\u8054\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5fc3\u529b\u4ea4\u7601\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u539f\u4ee5\u4e3a\uff1a\u5728\u8d8a\u5357\u90a3\u573a\u65f7\u65e5\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u5931\u5229\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c06\u538c\u5026\u518d\u641e\u51b7\u6218\uff0c\u9000\u56de\u5230\u5b64\u7acb\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\u53bb\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u91cc\u6839\u603b\u7edf\u5374\u594b\u529b\u6574\u519b\u7ecf\u6b66\uff0c\u5411\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u4f7f\u82cf\u8054\u653f\u5e9c\u66f4\u52a0\u4e3a\u4e4b\u6cae\u4e27\u3002\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u9879\uff0c\u90fd\u66fe\u5728\u82cf\u8054\u89e3\u4f53\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u8fc7\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u82cf\u8054\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5065\u5168\u7684\u673a\u4f53\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c31\u98a0\u8986\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e9e\u7136\u5927\u7269\u7684\u82cf\u8054\u5e1d\u56fd\u3002\u6b63\u56fd\u4e3a\u82cf\u8054\u8fd9\u4e2a\u673a\u4f53\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u767e\u75c5\u4e1b\u751f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u5c31\u53d1\u751f\u4f5c\u7528\u4e86\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u800c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u5e26\u6709\u4f7f\u5176\u6bc1\u706d\u7684\u79cd\u5b50\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u548c\u6069\u683c\u65af\u5173\u4e8e\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u3002\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4e00\u5957\u865a\u5047\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4e00\u5957\u7a7a\u4e2d\u697c\u9601\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u6709\u4e00\u9879\u57fa\u672c\u8bba\u70b9\uff1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u6240\u7aed\u529b\u8981\u5e9f\u9664\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u79c1\u6709\u8d22\u4ea7\u5236\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u6e21\u6027\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u73b0\u8c61\uff08\u5373\u4ecb\u4e8e\u539f\u59cb\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u63d2\u66f2\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bba\u70b9\u663e\u7136\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u3002\u6240\u6709\u7684\u53f2\u6599\u8bc1\u636e\u90fd\u8868\u660e\uff1a\u81ea\u53e4\u4ee5\u6765\u76f4\u81f3\u8fd1\u4e16\uff0c\u4e3a\u8d22\u5bcc\u4e4b\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u9664\u6389\u4e3a\u541b\u4e3b\u6240\u4e13\u6709\u8005\u5916\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u90e8\u843d\u3001\u5bb6\u65cf\u6216\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u3002\u571f\u5730\u4e0a\u5b73\u751f\u7684\u7272\u755c\u3001\u5546\u4e1a\u548c\u8d44\u672c\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u4f55\u65f6\u4f55\u5730\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u638c\u63e1\u5728\u79c1\u4eba\u624b\u91cc\u7684\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u77e5\uff1a\u79c1\u6709\u8d22\u4ea7\u5236\u51b3\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u6e21\u6027\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c38\u6052\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u575a\u4e0d\u53ef\u6467\u7684\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u540c\u6837\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff1a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u65e0\u6b62\u5883\u5730\u4e88\u4ee5\u6539\u9020\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ea\u8981\u628a\u60e9\u6cbb\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u9020\u5c31\u51fa\u4e00\u6279\u6beb\u4e0d\u5229\u5df2\u7684\u65b0\u4eba\uff0c\u7518\u613f\u6295\u8eab\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u5728\u5176\u300a\u7406\u60f3\u56fd\u300b\u4e2d\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\uff1a“\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u79c1\u4eba\u6216\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e4b\u5206\u3002”\u5373\u4f7f\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u6743\u4e3a\u8fbe\u5230\u6b64\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u800c\u65bd\u884c\u7684\u9ad8\u538b\u653f\u7b56\u80fd\u591f\u6536\u6548\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6548\u679c\u81f3\u591a\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u6682\u65f6\u7684\uff0c\u8f6c\u77ac\u5373\u901d\uff1a\u5c31\u50cf\u90a3\u4e9b\u9a6f\u517d\u5e08\u6240\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u517d\u7c7b\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7cbe\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u9a6f\u7ec3\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u73a9\u51fa\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u82b1\u62db\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u8981\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u9a6f\u7ec3\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u591a\u4e45\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u628a\u6240\u5b66\u5230\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5fd8\u8bb0\u5f97\u5e72\u5e72\u51c0\u51c0\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5176\u539f\u6765\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u672c\u6027\u3002\u518d\u8005\uff0c\u540e\u5929\u6240\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u6027\u683c\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u9057\u4f20\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4ee3\u65b0\u51fa\u751f\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u7ed9\u4e16\u754c\u5e26\u6765\u8bb8\u591a\u975e\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u80af\u5b9a\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u6d3b\u4e0b\u53bb\u7684\u8c0b\u751f\u4e4b\u9053\u3002\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0d\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u4eba\u7684\u672c\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u6ce8\u5b9a\u5b83\u6700\u540e\u5fc5\u5c06\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u58a8\u7d22\u91cc\u5c3c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u5176\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u515a\u63c6\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u8fd8\u5bf9\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u62b1\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u540c\u60c5\u3002\u4ed6\u57281920\u5e74\u66fe\u65ad\u8a00\u9053\uff1a“\u5217\u5b81\u662f\u4e2a\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u662f\u7528\u82b1\u5c97\u77f3\u6216\u91d1\u5c5e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7d20\u6750\u6765\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5217\u5b81\u8fd9\u4e2a\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u662f\u628a\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7d20\u6750\u6765\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4eba\u6bd4\u82b1\u5c97\u77f3\u8fd8\u575a\u786c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u4e0d\u50cf\u94c1\u90a3\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u4efb\u610f\u52a0\u5de5\u7194\u94f8\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u62ff\u51fa\u4e00\u9879\u6770\u4f5c\u6765\uff0c\u5217\u5b81\u8fd9\u4e2a\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u662f\u5931\u8d25\u4e86\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u4ed6\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u3002”<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u8feb\u4f7f\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u5e9c\u8981\u7528\u66b4\u529b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fdb\u884c\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u8981\u5f3a\u8feb\u4eba\u4eec\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u79c1\u6709\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u4ea4\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8981\u4ed6\u4eec\u653e\u5f03\u4e2a\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\u6765\u670d\u4ece\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u8981\u6c42\u516c\u52a1\u673a\u5173\u987b\u4eab\u6709\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3002\u5217\u5b81\u7ed9“\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4e13\u653f”\u6240\u4e0b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a“\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4e13\u653f\u7684\u6743\u529b\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u53d7\u4efb\u4f55\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6761\u6587\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u53d7\u4efb\u4f55\u89c4\u7ae0\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u675f\u7f1a\uff0c\u5b83\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u4ee5\u66b4\u529b\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u3002”<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u5386\u53f2\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u653f\u6743\u5012\u4e5f\u771f\u7684\u884c\u4e4b\u6709\u6548\uff1a\u5b83\u66fe\u7ecf\u5f3a\u884c\u4e8e\u4fc4\u56fd\u53ca\u5176\u9644\u5eb8\u56fd\uff0c\u5f3a\u884c\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u53e4\u5df4\u3001\u8d8a\u5357\u3001\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u975e\u6d32\u548c\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u662f\u60e8\u91cd\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u8fd8\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u65e0\u6570\u4eba\u6240\u906d\u53d7\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u82e6\u96be\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u653f\u6743\u6240\u4e3a\u4e4b\u594b\u6597\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u5373\u4eba\u4eba\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u4e5f\u5b8c\u5168\u6d88\u5931\u4e86\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u5728\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ee5\u6b66\u529b\u9547\u538b\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u8fdb\u884c\u8fa9\u62a4\u65f6\uff0c\u5217\u5b81\u603b\u662f\u8bf4\u8fd9\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u662f\u6682\u65f6\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ee5\u9547\u538b\u4e3a\u52a1\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c31\u8981\u6d88\u4ea1\u4e86\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4ed6\u7adf\u7136\u4e0d\u987e\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff1a“\u56fd\u5bb6”\u662f\u4e2a\u96c6\u4f53\u7684\u603b\u79f0\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u7531\u4f17\u591a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u96c6\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e2a\u522b\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u5176\u5386\u53f2\u4f7f\u547d\u4e3a\u4f55\uff0c\u603b\u4e5f\u8981\u5173\u5fc3\u5176\u5207\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7167\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e3a\u5176\u4e3b\u4eba\u7fc1\u670d\u52a1\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5229\u5bb3\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u638c\u7ba1\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u9636\u7ea7\u3002\u90a3\u4e2a\u5ba3\u79f0\u8981\u5f00\u521b\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684“\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5148\u950b\u961f\u7684\u515a”\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u6839\u672c\u53d8\u8d28\u4e86\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u56fd\u5bb6\uff08\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\uff09\u9664\u4e86\u8981\u5b89\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u9636\u7ea7\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u522b\u65e0\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u8981\u501a\u9760\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u9636\u7ea7\u6765\u5de9\u56fa\u5176\u653f\u6743\u7684\u3002\u5728\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0b\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5b98\u50da\u673a\u6784\u603b\u662f\u98de\u901f\u589e\u957f\u7684\u3002\u5176\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u4e5f\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u628a\u5305\u62ec\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5728\u5185\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u5404\u90e8\u95e8\u90fd\u62ff\u4e86\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u5957\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u673a\u6784\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u603b\u7231\u628a\u5b98\u50da\u673a\u6784\u7684\u81a8\u80c0\u5f53\u505a\u66ff\u7f6a\u7f8a\uff0c\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u54ea\u4e2a\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u80fd\u79bb\u5f00\u8fd9\u5957\u5b98\u50da\u673a\u6784\u800c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6491\u6301\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u5728\u82cf\u8054\uff0c\u5728\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u53d6\u5f97\u653f\u6743\u7684\u5934\u51e0\u5e74\u5185\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5c31\u7ed9\u5b83\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u5e72\u90e8\u63d0\u4f9b\u79cd\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u4f18\u60e0\u3002\u65e5\u79ef\u6708\u7d2f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u9886\u5bfc\u5e72\u90e8\u5c31\u5f62\u6210“\u9ad8\u5e72”\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e16\u88ad\u4e0b\u53bb\u7684\u7279\u6743\u9636\u5c42\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2a\u8981\u505a\u5230\u4eba\u4eba\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u6ca1\u6709\u4e86\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u8981\u63a8\u884c\u8d22\u4ea7\u6743\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u5374\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u89c4\u5b9a\u51fa\u6743\u5229\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u5c06\u4e4b\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u9020\u6210\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e2d\u76ee\u7684\u548c\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u6240\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u662f\u548c\u5b83\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u76f8\u6096\u7684\u3002\u5728\u6240\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u7531\u56fd\u5bb6\u63a7\u6709\u4e00\u5207\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u56fd\u5ea6\u91cc\uff0c\u4e5f\u90fd\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u77db\u76fe\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u66fe\u4e0d\u65f6\u91c7\u53d6\u4e00\u4e9b\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u60f3\u6765\u6d88\u9664\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b98\u50da\u4f53\u5236\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u4e0d\u826f\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5217\u5b81\u548c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u662f\u7528\u6e05\u6d17\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u65af\u5927\u6797\u7edf\u6cbb\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6e05\u6d17\u5c31\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u5c60\u6740\u3002\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5219\u662f\u53d1\u52a8“\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d”\uff0c\u60f3\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u6467\u6bc1\u90a3\u76d8\u6839\u9519\u8282\u7684\u515a\u9886\u5bfc\u5e72\u90e8\u7684\u7279\u6743\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u9879\u662f\u6210\u529f\u7684\u3002\u5230\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5e72\u90e8\u80dc\u5229\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f3a\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5c31\u5bf8\u6b65\u96be\u884c\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\u4e5f\u529e\u4e0d\u6210\u4e86\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u60f3\u8981\u7528\u6c11\u4e3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5b9e\u884c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4e5f\u603b\u662f\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u963f\u5170\u5fb7\u5f53\u653f\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u667a\u5229\u6240\u663e\u793a\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff1a\u8981\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u591a\u7684\u65b0\u95fb\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u3001\u6709\u6c11\u9009\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u91cc\u89e6\u52a8\u79c1\u6709\u8d22\u4ea7\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6210\u529f\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0d\u50cf\u90a3\u4e9b“\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4e13\u653f”\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u65e0\u60c5\u5730\u9547\u538b\u53cd\u5bf9\u515a\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u515a\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u628a\u53cd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4e00\u7b49\u5230\u4eba\u591a\u52bf\u4f17\uff0c\u529b\u91cf\u58ee\u5927\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u800c\u6613\u4e3e\u5730\u628a\u90a3\u4e2a\u9769\u547d\u653f\u6743\u63a8\u7ffb\u6389\u30021990\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u5c3c\u52a0\u62c9\u74dc\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2a\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6851\u72c4\u5c3c\u65af\u5854\uff08Sandinistas\uff09\u89e3\u653e\u9635\u7ebf\u6ee1\u6000\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6c11\u4f17\u4f1a\u62e5\u62a4\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u8ba9\u6c11\u4f17\u6295\u7968\u8868\u51b3\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u6c11\u4f17\u5c31\u6295\u7968\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u8f70\u4e0b\u53f0\u4e86\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u5957\u5b98\u50da\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u4e5f\u9020\u6210\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u57ae\u53f0\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u8feb\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u653e\u5f03\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ea\u4fdd\u7559\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7a7a\u540d\u3002\u628a\u90a3\u4e9b\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u6536\u5f52\u56fd\u6709\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u628a\u90a3\u4e9b\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u6743\u4ea4\u5230\u90a3\u4e9b\u5b98\u50da\u624b\u91cc\u53bb\u3002\u800c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5b98\u50da\uff0c\u5374\u65e2\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7269\u8d28\u523a\u6fc0\u8db3\u4ee5\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u5730\u53bb\u7ecf\u8425\u90a3\u4e9b\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u514d\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u662f\u751f\u4ea7\u4e0d\u65ad\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u518d\u8005\uff0c\u90a3\u79cd\u96c6\u4e2d\u7ba1\u7406\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u58a8\u5b88\u6210\u89c4\u7684\u523b\u677f\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5f88\u96be\u53d7\u5230\u6280\u672f\u9769\u65b0\u4e4b\u8d50\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u8bf4\u660e\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u82cf\u8054\u867d\u7136\u6709\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u79d1\u6280\uff0c\u5374\u9519\u8fc7\u4e86\u67d0\u4e9b\u5f53\u4ee3\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u79d1\u6280\u53d1\u660e\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u53d8\u9769\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u83f2\u5fb7\u70c8·\u6d77\u8036\u514b\uff08Friedrich Hayek\uff09\u6240\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u53ea\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u591f\u654f\u6377\u5730\u5bdf\u89c9\u5230\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u53d8\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u4f5c\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u81f4\u5bcc\u7684\u524d\u666f\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u9f13\u52b1\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u5fd9\u4e8e\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e4b\u9700\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u518d\u52aa\u529b\u4e0a\u8fdb\u3002\u5728\u5171\u7523\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u9f13\u52b1\uff1a\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u8f9b\u52e4\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4eba\u53cd\u800c\u5403\u8667\u3002\u8c01\u82e5\u662f\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u751f\u4ea7\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4ed6\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u6307\u6807\u5c31\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u52a0\u7801\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u653f\u7b56\u5904\u5904\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u5728\u519c\u4e1a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5176\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u540e\u679c\u6700\u4e3a\u60e8\u91cd\u3002\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u53d7\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4eba\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u519c\u4e1a\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u3002\u6ca1\u6536\u79c1\u6709\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u641e\u519c\u4e1a\u96c6\u4f53\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u6253\u4e71\u4e16\u4ee3\u76f8\u4f20\u7684\u8015\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u7a7a\u524d\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u9965\u8352\u3002\u82cf\u8054\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\uff0c\u57c3\u585e\u4fc4\u6bd4\u4e9a\uff0c\u5317\u671d\u9c9c\uff0c\u90fd\u66fe\u53d1\u751f\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5927\u9965\u8352\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u6709\u6570\u4ee5\u767e\u4e07\u8ba1\u7684\u4eba\u6b7b\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u4eba\u4e3a\u7684\u9965\u9991\u3002\u5728\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4eba\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0b\u7684\u5317\u671d\u9c9c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e5d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\u671f\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u513f\u7ae5\u56e0\u4e3a\u8425\u517b\u4e0d\u826f\u800c\u7f79\u81f4\u4f53\u8d28\u4e0a\u7684\u6b8b\u75be\u3002\u5728\u5317\u671d\u9c9c\uff0c\u4ec5\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e5d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\u534a\u671f\uff0c\u4f30\u8ba1\u5c31\u6709\u4e8c\u767e\u4e07\u4eba\u6b7b\u4e8e\u9965\u997f\u3002\u5317\u671d\u9c9c\u7684\u5a74\u513f\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u662f\u6bcf\u5343\u4f8b\u751f\u80b2\u4e2d\u6709\u516b\u5341\u516b\u4f8b\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u800c\u5357\u671d\u9c9c\u7684\u5a74\u513f\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u662f\u6bcf\u5343\u4f8b\u751f\u80b2\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u516b\u4f8b\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u5317\u671d\u9c9c\u7537\u6027\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u5bff\u9f84\u662f48·9\u5c81\uff0c\u5357\u671d\u9c9c\u7537\u6027\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u5bff\u9f84\u662f70·4\u5c81\u3002\u5317\u671d\u9c9c\u56fd\u6c11\u6bcf\u4eba\u6bcf\u5e74\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u751f\u4ea7\u603b\u503c\u662f$ 900\uff0c\u800c\u5357\u671d\u9c9c\u56fd\u6c11\u6bcf\u4eba\u6bcf\u5e74\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u751f\u4ea7\u603b\u503c\u662f$13\uff0c700.\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0a\u7684\u5bcc\u88d5\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u505a\u5230\u5b83\u6240\u4f01\u6c42\u7684\u4eba\u4eba\u5e73\u7b49\u3002\u800c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5185\u5728\u77db\u76fe\u8fd8\u8fdc\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u539f\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u751f\u6d3b\u5bcc\u88d5\u548c\u4eba\u4eba\u5e73\u7b49\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u6709\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u628a\u4e00\u5207\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6e90\u90fd\u6536\u5f52\u56fd\u6709\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u90fd\u53d8\u6210\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u96c7\u4f63\u4eba\u5458─—\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u90fd\u53d8\u6210\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u9644\u5eb8\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6709\u6548\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u6765\u9650\u5236\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\uff1a\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u8d22\u4ea7\u6743\u5f97\u5230\u575a\u5b9a\u4e0d\u79fb\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u65f6\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6743\u5229\u624d\u6709\u4fdd\u969c\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u8d22\u4ea7\u6743\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u9053\u6700\u6709\u6548\u7684\u58c1\u5792\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u6765\u62b5\u5fa1\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5e72\u6d89\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u627f\u8ba4\u5176\u81e3\u6c11\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8d22\u7269\u6709\u6240\u6709\u6743\uff08\u5e76\u8868\u793a\u8981\u5c0a\u91cd\u8fd9\u79cd\u6240\u6709\u6743\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u7b49\u4e8e\u627f\u8ba4\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6743\u529b\u662f\u6709\u9650\u5ea6\u7684\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u8d22\u4ea7\u6743\u662f\u4e2a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u662f\u8981\u7531\u6cd5\u9662\u6765\u5f3a\u5236\u6267\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5e84\u4e25\u627f\u8bfa\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u662f\u53d7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u6240\u4e3a\u4e4b\u594b\u6597\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u5e9f\u9664\u8d22\u4ea7\u79c1\u6709\u5236\uff0c\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u514d\u5730\u4f1a\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u4e27\u5931\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u4e27\u5931\u5176\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\u3002\u628a\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6e90\u6536\u5f52\u56fd\u6709\uff0c\u8fdc\u4e0d\u662f\u8c61\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u548c\u6069\u683c\u65af\u6240\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u8bf4\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u4eba\u4eec\u4ece\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u5974\u5f79\u4e2d\u89e3\u653e\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u6b63\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u628a\u4eba\u4eec\u53d8\u6210\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u7684\u5974\u96b6\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7269\u8d44\u7ecf\u5e38\u77ed\u7f3a\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5c31\u53d8\u5f97\u6108\u6765\u6108\u91cd\u89c6\u7269\u8d28\u4e86\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f01\u56fe\u5728\u5404\u81ea\u56fd\u5bb6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u5b9e\u884c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bf4\u5f97\u4e0d\u5c11\u4e86\u3002\u60f3\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u641e\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u4ea6\u590d\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u628a\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u770b\u505a\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4eec\u575a\u6301\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u6d88\u706d\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u30021848\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u300a\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa“\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u65e0\u4ea7\u8005\u8054\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff01”\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u5404\u56fd\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u548c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4e5f\u90fd\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u603b\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5de5\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u56e2\u7ed3\u662f\u8d85\u8d8a\u56fd\u754c\u7684\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u56e2\u7ed3\u662f\u865a\u6784\u7684\u7a7a\u8bdd\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u5176\u6240\u5c5e\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u60c5\u8c0a\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u4f55\u65f6\u4f55\u5730\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5fe0\u4e8e\u672c\u571f\u3001\u5fe0\u4e8e\u672c\u65cf\u7684\u5fc3\u60c5\u603b\u662f\u66f4\u4e3a\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u3002\u6bcf\u5f53\u4eba\u4eec\u9047\u5230\u5916\u56fd\u6311\u8845\u6642\uff0c\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\u5c31\u6d88\u5931\u4e86\u30021914\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7206\u53d1\u65f6\uff0c\u5404\u56fd\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u90fd\u9886\u4f1a\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u6559\u8bad\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u53c2\u52a0\u7b2c\u4e8c\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u5404\u56fd\u653f\u515a\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6beb\u65e0\u4f8b\u5916\u5730\u90fd\u8fdd\u80cc\u5176\u4fe1\u8a93\u65e6\u65e6\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\uff0c\u8f6c\u8fc7\u53bb\u652f\u6301\u5404\u81ea\u7684“\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7”\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u6295\u7968\u8d5e\u6210\u53c2\u6218\u4e86\u30021920\u5e74\uff0c\u5217\u5b81\u53c8\u4e00\u6b21\u9886\u4f1a\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u6559\u8bad\uff1a\u5f53\u82cf\u4fc4\u7ea2\u519b\u4fb5\u5165\u6ce2\u5170\uff0c\u8bf4\u662f\u8981\u628a\u6ce2\u5170\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u548c\u519c\u6c11\u4ece\u88ab\u5265\u524a\u7684\u82e6\u96be\u4e2d\u89e3\u653e\u51fa\u6765\u65f6\uff0c\u6ce2\u5170\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u548c\u519c\u6c11\u5374\u540c\u4ec7\u654c\u5ffe\uff0c\u7fa4\u8d77\u4fdd\u536b\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u62b5\u5fa1\u7ea2\u519b\u7684\u5165\u4fb5\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e8b\u4f8b\uff0c\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u5c61\u89c1\u4e0d\u9c9c\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e8b\u4f8b\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u6240\u8c13\u9636\u7ea7\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\u624d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u90a3\u4e9b\u7531\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4eba\u638c\u6743\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u50cf\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u9636\u7ea7\u4e4b\u5206\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u4e0d\u7518\u5fc3\u8001\u53d7\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4e00\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u4ece\u8fd9\u79cd\u63a7\u5236\u4e2d\u6323\u8131\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u5fc3\u52a8\u9b44\u7684\u5374\u662f\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u90a3\u573a\u6597\u4e89\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4eba\u539f\u662f\u628a\u82cf\u8054\u5f53\u505a\u6a21\u8303\u548c\u8001\u5927\u54e5\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4eba\u638c\u63e1\u653f\u6743\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5230\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u5c31\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u6743\u53bb\u5b9e\u884c\u5e76\u4f20\u5e03\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u5957\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e3a\u4e86\u575a\u6301\u6b64\u9879\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u51e0\u51e0\u4e4e\u8981\u4e0e\u82cf\u8054\u5f00\u6218\u3002\u7ea2\u8272\u9ad8\u68c9\u5219\u8d70\u5f97\u66f4\u8fdc\uff0c\u5b83\u8981\u5b8c\u5168\u81ea\u884c\u5176\u662f\uff0c\u575a\u51b3\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u90a3\u4e00\u5957\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u4fc4\u56fd\u7684\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4e5f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u5f53\u82cf\u8054\u52bf\u529b\u9f0e\u76db\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u641e“\u6b27\u6d32\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49”\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u8981\u6c42\u591a\u5143\u5316\uff08\u5373\u4e3b\u5f20“\u591a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49”\uff09\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u65b9\u9762\u8981\u904f\u5236\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u9645\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u79bb\u5fc3\u79bb\u5fb7\u7684\u52bf\u529b\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u4f7f\u90a3\u4e9b\u522b\u56fd\u7684\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4fdd\u6301\u5f31\u52bf\uff0c\u5e76\u56e0\u6b64\u5fc5\u987b\u5b8c\u5168\u501a\u9760\u82cf\u8054\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u90a3\u4e9b\u522b\u56fd\u7684\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u53d1\u5c55\u58ee\u5927\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u81ea\u884c\u5176\u662f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5b8c\u5168\u72ec\u7acb\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u9645\u8fd0\u52a8\u4fbf\u5904\u4e8e\u8fdb\u9000\u4e24\u96be\u7684\u7a98\u5883\uff1a\u6216\u8005\u662f\u8ba9\u90a3\u4e9b\u522b\u56fd\u7684\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5b64\u7acb\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u52bf\u5355\u529b\u5f31\uff0c\u505a\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u9a6f\u670d\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u82cf\u8054\u53c8\u6ca1\u6709\u591a\u5927\u7528\u5904\uff1b\u6216\u8005\u662f\u542c\u51ed\u90a3\u4e9b\u522b\u56fd\u7684\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u65e5\u76ca\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u4e3e\u8db3\u91cd\u8f7b\uff0c\u8fd9\u53c8\u4f1a\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u6323\u8131\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u7f81\u7eca\uff0c\u7834\u574f\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u56e2\u7ed3\u3002\u4e8c\u8005\u5fc5\u5c45\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u6761\u8def\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u7684\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\uff0c\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4eba\u662f\u660e\u767d\u7684\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5c31\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6837\u7684“\u4fee\u6b63\u4e3b\u4e49”\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5fe0\u5b9e\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u5374\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4e49\u672c\u8eab\u9519\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u63a8\u884c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u8fd8\u4e0d\u591f\u6bd2\u8fa3\u65e0\u60c5\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u6851\u5854\u8036\u7eb3\uff08Santayana\uff09\u5bf9“\u72c2\u70ed\u8005”\u4e00\u8bcd\u6240\u4e0b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\u5bf9\u7684\uff1a\u4eba\u4eec\u5982\u679c\u5fd8\u4e4e\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u4ee5\u52a0\u500d\u7684\u75af\u72c2\u6765\u884c\u4e8b\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u7528\u6781\u5176\u6b8b\u9177\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u6765\u6ee5\u6740\u65e0\u8f9c\u3002\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u751a\u8fc7\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u8840\u6d41\u6210\u6cb3\u7684\u5927\u5c60\u6740\uff0c\u4ece\u5217\u5b81\u5230\u65af\u5927\u6797\uff0c\u4ece\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5230\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u548c\u6ce2\u5c14\u5e03\u7279\uff0c\u6108\u6f14\u6108\u70c8\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u603b\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6ce8\u5b9a\u4e86\u8981\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u8981\u505a\u5230\u4eba\u4eba\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u4f46\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f3a\u8feb\u8fbe\u6210\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u53c8\u5fc5\u987b\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u4e00\u5957\u4eab\u6709\u79cd\u79cd\u7279\u6743\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u4f7f\u5e73\u7b49\u4e4b\u65e8\u8361\u7136\u65e0\u5b58\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u4f55\u65f6\u4f55\u5730\uff0c\u90a3\u79cd\u5fe0\u4e8e\u672c\u65cf\u3001\u5fe0\u4e8e\u672c\u571f\u7684\u60c5\u8c0a\uff0c\u5f53\u5176\u4e0e\u9636\u7ea7\u5c5e\u6027\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u4f1a\u6218\u800c\u80dc\u4e4b\u7684\u3002\u90a3\u79cd\u5fe0\u4e8e\u672c\u65cf\u3001\u5fe0\u4e8e\u672c\u571f\u7684\u60c5\u8c0a\uff0c\u4f1a\u628a\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u6df7\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bb9\u6613\u548c“\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49”\u6253\u6210\u4e00\u7247\u7684\u7f18\u6545\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8ba4\u6e05\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u57281990\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2a\u7ee7\u627f\u82cf\u8054\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u8054\u90a6\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\uff0c\u5c31\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u90a3\u4e2a\u53f7\u53ec\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u65e0\u4ea7\u8005\u8054\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u90a3\u4f4d\u5fb7\u56fd—\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7c4d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279·\u8fc8\u53ef\u65af\uff08Robert Michels\uff09\uff0c\u9884\u89c1\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u66fe\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u9884\u8a00\u9053\uff1a“\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u638c\u63e1\u653f\u6743\uff0c\u4f46\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5374\u51b3\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u529f\u3002”<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u5c42\u5f88\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u548c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u653f\u6743\u7ed3\u6784\u6709\u5173\u7684\u3002\u5217\u5b81\u6240\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u5957\u653f\u6743\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f7f\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u65e0\u4ece\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5217\u5b81\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u5373\u5c06\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u5b8c\u5168\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u5c31\u6309\u7167\u519b\u4e8b\u4f53\u5236\u6765\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4ed6\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u90a3\u4e9b\u6a21\u4eff\u82cf\u8054\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u90fd\u628a\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u519b\u4e8b\u5316\u4e86\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u670d\u4ece\u4e2d\u592e\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u6307\u6325\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5957\u653f\u6743\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u80fd\u8c03\u52a8\u6240\u6709\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u4eba\u529b\u7269\u529b\uff0c\u5728\u62b5\u5fa1\u76f4\u63a5\u5a01\u80c1\u5176\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u6311\u8845\u5e76\u5411\u5916\u6269\u5f20\u5176\u52bf\u529b\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u6548\u7684\uff1b\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u5bf9\u4ed8\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u662f\u6b66\u529b\u6240\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6311\u6218\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u663e\u5f97\u6548\u679c\u5f88\u5dee\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u8f6f\u5f31\u65e0\u529b\u4e86\u3002\u90a3\u4e2a\u9884\u671f\u4e2d\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u9769\u547d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u5957\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u5c31\u50f5\u5316\u4e86\u3002\u786e\u5b9e\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u50f5\u5316\u4e86\uff0c\u5f53\u5176\u906d\u5230\u5185\u90e8\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u65f6\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u51b7\u6f20\uff0c\u6d88\u6781\u6020\u5de5\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u5b83\u90fd\u65e0\u80fd\u4e3a\u529b\u3002\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u51b7\u6f20\u548c\u6d88\u6781\u6020\u5de5\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0d\u65ad\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u800c\u519b\u4e8b\u529b\u91cf\u4ea6\u968f\u4e4b\u4f4e\u843d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u653f\u5e9c\u653e\u677e\u5176\u7ba1\u5236\u624d\u80fd\u5f97\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u653e\u677e\u5176\u7ba1\u5236\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u4f7f\u6574\u4e2a\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f53\u5236\u4e3a\u4e4b\u52a8\u6447\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5404\u90e8\u95e8\u5747\u542c\u547d\u4e8e\u4e2d\u592e\uff0c\u7275\u4e00\u53d1\u800c\u52a8\u5168\u8eab\u3002\u6208\u5c14\u5df4\u4e54\u592b\u8981\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f53\u5236\u8fdb\u884c\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u4e00\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u4f53\u5236\u5185\u5c31\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u88c2\u75d5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4e45\u5c31\u56db\u5206\u4e94\u88c2\u4e86\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u4ef6\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f53\u5236\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u52a0\u4ee5\u6539\u9769\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f53\u5236\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u8282\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u53d8\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f53\u5236\u8fd9\u79cd\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u58a8\u5b88\u6210\u89c4\u7684\u523b\u677f\u6027\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u503e\u8986\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u5728\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u9879\u4e89\u8bba\u4e0d\u4f11\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u601d\u60f3\u610f\u8bc6\u5728\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u7a76\u7adf\u8d77\u4e86\u591a\u5927\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff1f──\u7279\u522b\u662f\u90a3\u4e2a\u6807\u699c\u4e3a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49—\u5217\u5b81\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u5728\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u7a76\u7adf\u8d77\u4e86\u591a\u5927\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff1f\u67d0\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u7f14\u9020\u7684\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u4f53\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u601d\u60f3\u610f\u8bc6\u63a8\u52a8\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u628a\u82cf\u8054\u4ee5\u53ca\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0b\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u79f0\u505a“\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u4f53”\uff0c\u5373\u53d7\u601d\u60f3\u610f\u8bc6\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u653f\u4f53\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\u786e\u5b9e\u7684\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6240\u8bbe\u60f3\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u5957\u7406\u8bba\u4ee5\u53ca\u90a3\u4e9b\u5173\u4e8e“\u9ec4\u91d1\u65f6\u4ee3”\u7684\u795e\u8bdd\u4f20\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u5217\u5b81\u9996\u5148\u628a\u8fd9\u5957\u7406\u8bba\u4ed8\u8bf8\u5b9e\u65bd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5373\u5982\u4f55\u5230\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u3001\u5217\u5b81\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u53bb\u5bfb\u7ae0\u6458\u53e5\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u627f\u8ba4\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u627f\u8ba4\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u4f53\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd“\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u4f53”\u3002\u90a3\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff1a\u5404\u79cd\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u5176\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u6216\u7ecf\u6d4e\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u4ed8\u8bf8\u5b9e\u65bd\uff0c\u5c31\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u601d\u60f3\u5c31\u8fc5\u5373\u6210\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u6743\u529b\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u4e86\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ecf\u6d4e\u662f\u628a\u4e9a\u5f53·\u65af\u5bc6\uff08Adam Smith\uff09\u7684\u300a\u56fd\u5bcc\u8bba\u300b\u5949\u4e3a\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u771f\u6b63\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u4e8c\u767e\u591a\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u90fd\u662f\u53d7\u4e9a\u5f53·\u65af\u5bc6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u7531\u5176\u6240\u8bf4\u7684“\u90a3\u53ea\u770b\u4e0d\u89c1\u7684\u624b”\u6307\u5f15\u7740\uff0c\u6216\u6309\u7167\u5176\u5b66\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4e3b\u5f20\u6765\u7ecf\u8425\u4e1a\u52a1\u3002\u53ea\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e9a\u5f53·\u65af\u5bc6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u6b63\u9002\u5408\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u4eec\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u62ff\u8fc7\u6765\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u7406\u7531\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49—\u5217\u5b81\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u90a3\u79cd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5343\u767e\u4e07\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5458\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u516c\u52a1\u4eba\u5458\u5168\u90fd\u4fe1\u4ef0\u90a3\u4f4d\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u5fb7\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\uff0c\u80af\u5b9a\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e66\u751f\u4e4b\u89c1\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u4f3c\u4e4e\u76f8\u4fe1\u4eba\u7c7b\u662f\u53d7\u601d\u60f3\u652f\u914d\u7684\u3002\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5728\u6210\u7acb\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u662f\u4eba\u6570\u5f88\u5c11\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7ecf\u5e38\u53d7\u5230\u8feb\u5bb3\u3002\u515a\u5458\u8981\u5192\u751f\u547d\u5371\u9669\u800c\u7edd\u65e0\u5229\u76ca\u53ef\u56fe\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f53\u65f6\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u515a\u5458\u662f\u6709\u9ad8\u5c1a\u60c5\u64cd\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u601d\u60f3\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u800c\u53c2\u52a0\u515a\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4eba\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u653f\u6743\uff0c\u6709\u751f\u6740\u4e88\u593a\u4e4b\u6743\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6267\u653f\u515a\u4fbf\u62db\u6765\u4e00\u5927\u6279\u65b0\u515a\u5458\u3002\u8fd9\u6279\u65b0\u515a\u5458\uff0c\u5927\u90fd\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u53e3\u5934\u4e0a\u8bf4\u662f\u4fe1\u4ef0\u90a3\u5c45\u4e8e\u7edf\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u610f\u8bc6\u30021922\u5e74\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u66fe\u5bf9\u5176\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5458\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\u505a\u8fc7\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff1a\u5176\u4e2d\u53ea\u67090·6 %\u7684\u4eba\u662f\u5927\u5b66\u6bd5\u4e1a\uff0c\u53ea\u67096·4 %\u7684\u4eba\u6709\u4e2d\u5b66\u6bd5\u4e1a\u6587\u51ed\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6709\u4f4d\u4fc4\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c31\u65ad\u8a00\uff1a\u515a\u5458\u4e2d\u670992·7 %\u7684\u4eba\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5de5\u4f5c\u80fd\u529b\u7684\uff08\u4e0d\u8bc6\u5b57\u7684\u6587\u76f2\u53604·7 %\uff09\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5217\u5b81\u611f\u5230\u5f88\u75db\u5fc3\uff0c\u66fe\u4e8e1921\u5e74\u53d1\u52a8\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21“\u6e05\u515a”\uff0c\u8981\u628a\u90a3\u4e9b“\u6295\u673a\u5206\u5b50”\u4ece\u515a\u5458\u5e72\u90e8\u4e2d\u6e05\u9664\u51fa\u53bb\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u662f\u5f92\u52b3\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u904f\u5236\u90a3\u5fc5\u7136\u4e4b\u52bf\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u628a\u5404\u8272\u5404\u6837\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u90fd\u6293\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u5e72\u90e8\u961f\u4f0d\u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u6295\u673a\u5206\u5b50\u4fbf\u8702\u62e5\u800c\u81f3\u3002\u5c31\u6295\u673a\u5206\u5b50\u8bf4\u6765\uff0c\u515a\u5458\u8d44\u683c\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u540d\u5229\u53cc\u6536\u3002\u6743\u529b\u6210\u4e86\u4e89\u593a\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u81ea\u4fdd\u624d\u662f\u771f\u8be0\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u601d\u60f3\u610f\u8bc6\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4e00\u7247\u906e\u7f9e\u5e03\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u63a9\u9970\u8fd9\u4e2a\u653f\u6743\u7684\u771f\u9762\u76ee\u3002\u6f02\u4eae\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\u9ad8\u5531\u5165\u4e91\uff0c\u800c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5374\u5728\u8ffd\u6c42\u6700\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u5e72\u7740\u6700\u80ae\u810f\u7684\u52fe\u5f53\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u6709\u4ef6\u4e8b\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\uff1a\u5f53\u82cf\u8054\u653f\u5e9c\u57281991\u5e74\u89e3\u4f53\u65f6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u7167\u7406\u8bf4\u6765\u662f\u8981\u4fdd\u536b\u9a6c\u5217\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u7eaf\u6d01\u6027\u7684\u4fdd\u536b\u8005——\u8eab\u5c45\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5e72\u90e8\uff0c\u5374\u90fd\u4e0d\u6218\u800c\u6e83\uff0c\u4e89\u5148\u6050\u540e\u5730\u53bb\u62a2\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u5de7\u53d6\u8c6a\u593a\uff0c\u5728“\u79c1\u6709\u5316”\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\u4e0b\u5c06\u4e4b\u636e\u4e3a\u5df2\u6709\u3002\u5982\u679c\u82cf\u8054\u653f\u5e9c\u771f\u7684\u662f\u5fe0\u4e8e\u9a6c\u5217\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e8b\u5c31\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u8db3\u4ee5\u8bf4\u660e\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u610f\u8bc6\u5728\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u591a\u5927\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a\u5c3c\u57fa\u5854·\u8d6b\u9c81\u6653\u592b\u7ee7\u65af\u5927\u6797\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u662f1953\u5e74\u81f31964\u5e74\u8fd9\u5341\u4e00\u5e74\u95f4\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u8c22\u5c14\u76d6\uff0c\u66ff\u4ed6\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u90e8\u4f20\u8bb0\u3002\u8fd9\u4f4d\u5c0f\u8d6b\u9c81\u6653\u592b\uff0c\u5728\u4e3a\u5176\u7236\u6240\u5199\u7684\u4f20\u8bb0\u4e2d\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6bb5\u8bdd\uff1a“\u4ece\u6211\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u65f6\u4ee3\u8d77\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u4e00\u76f4\u52aa\u529b\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4e2a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u5b50\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u4e00\u76f4\u832b\u7136\u65e0\u83b7……\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u60f3\u8bf7\u8001\u7238\u7ed9\u70b9\u542f\u793a\uff0c\u5f04\u6e05\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u4f46\u76f4\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u4e5f\u6ca1\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u70b9\u660e\u767d\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u3002\u6211\u61c2\u5f97\u4e86\uff0c\u8fde\u4ed6\u672c\u4eba\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u592a\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u3002”<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u82e5\u662f\u8fde\u90a3\u4f4d\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u9996\u8111\u3001\u7aed\u529b\u5ba3\u79f0\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u5373\u5c06\u5728\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u53d6\u5f97\u80dc\u5229\u7684\u9886\u8896\u4eba\u7269\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u8bf4\u660e\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4e2a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u5b50\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8c01\u53c8\u80fd\u6307\u671b\u90a3\u4e9b\u57fa\u5c42\u5e72\u90e8\u80fd\u5bf9\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u8a00\u4e4b\u6210\u7406\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u5462\uff1f<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u90a3\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u6211\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\uff08\u6709\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff09\uff0c\u9a71\u4f7f\u7740\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u524d\u8fdb\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5c31\u629b\u5f03\u4e86\u5b83\u90a3\u8981\u6c42\u505a\u5230\u4eba\u4eba\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u5229\u53ef\u56fe\uff0c\u4fbf\u4f1a\u80cc\u79bb\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6559\u6761\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0d\u591f\u591a\u5417\uff01\u8fd8\u4e0d\u591f\u79bb\u7ecf\u53db\u9053\u5417\uff1f\u57281917\u5e74\uff0c\u5217\u5b81\u8ba9\u5de5\u4eba\u4eec\u63a5\u7ba1\u5de5\u5382\uff0c\u8ba9\u519c\u6c11\u4eec\u5206\u5f97\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u884c\u5f84\u662f\u8fdd\u80cc\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u53ca\u81f31921\u5e74\uff0c\u5217\u5b81\u53c8\u6062\u590d\u519c\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u6d88\u8d39\u54c1\u65b9\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u7ecf\u8425\u3002\u65af\u5927\u6797\u7ed9\u96c6\u4f53\u519c\u573a\u7684\u519c\u6c11\u7559\u4e00\u5757\u81ea\u7559\u5730\uff0c\u81ea\u7559\u5730\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u8bae\u4ef7\u51fa\u552e\u3002\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u9f13\u52a8\u5728\u56fd\u5916\u641e“\u4eba\u6c11\u9635\u7ebf”\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u53eb\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4eba\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5bbf\u654c\u793e\u4f1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u4eba\u901a\u529b\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u8d6b\u9c81\u6653\u592b\u653e\u5f03\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u7684\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u4ee5“\u548c\u5e73\u5171\u5b58”\u3002\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5ba3\u79f0\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u53ef\u4ee5\u6218\u80dc\u5ba2\u89c2\u5b9e\u9645\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u7684\u63a5\u73ed\u4eba\u5374\u9f13\u52b1\u4eba\u4eec\u53bb\u53d1\u5bb6\u81f4\u5bcc\u3002\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7528\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u8bf4\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u4f46\u6bcf\u4e00\u9879\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u515a\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u5229\u76ca\u800c\u727a\u7272\u601d\u60f3\u610f\u8bc6\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u6682\u65f6\u5730\u727a\u7272\u4e86\u601d\u60f3\u610f\u8bc6\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u800c\u515a\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u5229\u76ca\u5374\u662f\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u65e0\u8bba\u4f55\u65f6\u4f55\u5730\uff0c\u90fd\u8981\u7ef4\u6301\u5e76\u6269\u5f20\u90a3\u4e2a\u4e0d\u53d7\u4efb\u4f55\u9650\u5236\u7684\u653f\u6743\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u800c\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4ee3\u4ef7\u662f\u5341\u5206\u60e8\u91cd\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u5343\u767e\u4e07\u4eba\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u6839\u636e\u300a\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u9ed1\u76ae\u4e66\u300b\u7f16\u8005\u65af\u8482\u82ac·\u67ef\u5c14\u591a\u74e6\u7684\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u800c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u4eba\u6570\uff0c\u5728\u516b\u5343\u4e94\u767e\u4e07\u4eba\u81f3\u4e00\u4ebf\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u90a3\u6bd4\u4e24\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4eba\u6570\u52a0\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u603b\u548c\u8fd8\u8981\u591a\u51fa\u4e00\u534a\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u60f3\u51fa\u79cd\u79cd\u7406\u7531\u6765\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u635f\u5931\u4f5c\u8fa9\u89e3\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u5f15\u7528\u90a3\u53e5\u8c1a\u8bed\uff0c\u8bf4\u662f“\u4e3a\u4e86\u505a\u7f8e\u5473\u7684\u714e\u86cb\u997c\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5148\u628a\u9e21\u86cb\u6253\u788e”\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u4eba\u547d\u548c\u9e21\u86cb\u76f8\u63d0\u5e76\u8bba\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u66f4\u53ef\u60b2\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u662f\u6253\u788e\u4e86\u9e21\u86cb\uff0c\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u505a\u6210\u7f8e\u5473\u7684\u714e\u86cb\u997c\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u90a3\u4e9b\u6d3b\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u4ed8\u51fa\u4e86\u60e8\u75db\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3a\u4e86\u8981\u505a\u5230\u4e3e\u56fd\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u8206\u8bba\u4e00\u5f8b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7528\u9ad8\u538b\u624b\u6bb5\u628a\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u968f\u4fbf\u9644\u548c\u7684\u4eba\u4e88\u4ee5\u653e\u9010\u3001\u56da\u7981\uff0c\u6216\u5265\u593a\u5176\u53d1\u8a00\u6743\u3002\u800c\u90a3\u4e9b\u4eba\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u90fd\u662f\u6700\u806a\u660e\u80fd\u5e72\u3001\u6709\u8fdc\u89c1\u5353\u8bc6\u7684\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u5c31\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u9006\u5411\u6dd8\u6c70\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u6700\u5eb8\u788c\u65e0\u80fd\u3001\u552f\u552f\u8bfa\u8bfa\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6700\u80fd\u5de6\u53f3\u9022\u6e90\u5730\u6d3b\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u800c\u90a3\u4e9b\u6709\u8fdc\u89c1\u5353\u8bc6\u3001\u5fe0\u5fc3\u803f\u803f\u3001\u5927\u516c\u65e0\u79c1\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5012\u53cd\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b58\u8eab\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e27\u5931\u4e86\u6700\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u4eba\u624d\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\u8d2b\u5f31\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u4fc4\u56fd\u8bd5\u884c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6700\u4e45\uff0c\u521b\u5de8\u75db\u6df1\u3002\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u4fc4\u56fd\u6240\u9057\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u4f7f\u6c11\u4f17\u4e27\u5931\u4e86\u72ec\u7acb\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u82cf\u8054\u90a3\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u516c\u52a1\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u6309\u7167\u4e0a\u9762\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u529e\u7406\uff0c\u81ea\u4f5c\u4e3b\u5f20\u5c31\u662f\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u5c31\u4e27\u5931\u4e86\u5f53\u673a\u7acb\u65ad\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4e8b\u65e0\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7b49\u5f85\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u7167\u8fa6 \uff08\u53ea\u6709\u5211\u4e8b\u6848\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f8b\u5916\uff09\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u9635\u77ed\u6682\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u5b9e\u884c\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u70ed\u60c5\u8ff8\u53d1\u51fa\u6765\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u53c8\u6545\u6001\u590d\u840c\uff0c\u6e34\u671b\u6709\u4e2a\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u6765\u9886\u5bfc\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5df2\u7ecf\u6b32\u632f\u4e4f\u529b\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u51b3\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ed9\u4fc4\u56fd\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u4f24\u5bb3\u8fd8\u8fdc\u4e0d\u6b62\u6b64\uff0c\u800c\u6240\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u957f\u671f\u53d7\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e5f\u90fd\u548c\u4fc4\u56fd\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u91cc\uff0c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e5f\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u4e27\u5931\u4e86\u804c\u4e1a\u9053\u5fb7\uff0c\u4e27\u5931\u4e86\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u516c\u5fb7\u5fc3\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u7269\u8d28\u5360\u6709\u6b32\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u672c\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u8981\u5c0a\u91cd\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u8d22\u7269\u5374\u5fc5\u987b\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u4ece\u513f\u7ae5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u91cc\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u61c2\u5f97\u4e86\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4eba\u53d1\u89c9\u522b\u4eba\uff08\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u6216\u793e\u4f1a\u5927\u4f17\uff09\u4e0d\u5c0a\u91cd\u4ed6\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u6743\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u5c31\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5c0a\u91cd\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u6743\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u66f4\u6ecb\u957f\u5176\u8d2a\u5f97\u65e0\u538c\u7684\u672c\u6027\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f53\u5236\u5d29\u89e3\u540e\u6240\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u963b\u788d\u7740\u4fc4\u56fd\u8f6c\u578b\u4e3a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u662f\u4ee5\u5c0a\u91cd\u8d22\u4ea7\u6743\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u66fe\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u5185\u5728\u7684\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u662f\u6ce8\u5b9a\u8981\u706d\u4ea1\u7684\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u51ed\u7ecf\u9a8c\u529e\u4e8b\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u80fd\u968f\u673a\u5e94\u53d8\uff0c\u7075\u6d3b\u8fd0\u7528\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u90fd\u80fd\u60f3\u65b9\u8bbe\u6cd5\u6765\u514b\u670d\u5b83\u6240\u9047\u5230\u7684\u5371\u673a\u3002\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u5374\u662f\u523b\u677f\u7684\u6559\u6761——\u90a3\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u4f2a\u79d1\u5b66\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u4f2a\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u518d\u5177\u4f53\u5316\u4e3a\u4e00\u5957\u50f5\u5316\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u653e\u5f03\u5176\u6240\u4fe1\u5949\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u9519\u8bef\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u629b\u5f00\u90a3\u4e2a\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5e7b\u5f71\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd8\u4f1a\u4e1c\u5c71\u518d\u8d77\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u9006\u5386\u53f2\u6f6e\u6d41\u800c\u52a8\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u906d\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u6b21\u60e8\u91cd\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u5c06\u7c7b\u4e4e\u72c2\u4eba\u7684\u611a\u884c\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u53cd\u53cd\u590d\u590d\u505a\u7740\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u5374\u5f02\u60f3\u5929\u5f00\uff0c\u6307\u671b\u4f1a\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002
<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u6458\u81ea\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u7cfb\u8bb2\u5ea7\u6559\u6388\u3001\u4fc4\u56fd\u53f2\u4e13\u5bb6Richard Pipes\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b9e\u5f55\u300b<\/font><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5e7b\u60f3\u3002” \u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6765\u56de\u7b54\u5728\u672c\u4e66\u300a\u5e8f\u8a00\u300b\u4e2d\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21850","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-thought","et-doesnt-have-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21850","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=21850"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21850\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=21850"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=21850"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=21850"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}