{"id":21897,"date":"2011-08-21T04:41:00","date_gmt":"2011-08-21T04:41:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:10081\/?p=21897 "},"modified":"2011-08-21T04:41:00","modified_gmt":"2011-08-21T04:41:00","slug":"21897-revision-v1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/?p=21897","title":{"rendered":"\u4e00\u8d2f\u654c\u89c6\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u539f\u6587\u628a\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5404\u9636\u7ea7\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e94\u5927\u7c7b\uff1a\u5927\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\uff0c\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\uff0c\u5c0f\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\uff0c\u534a\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u548c\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u7c7b“\u5927\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7”\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e70\u529e\u9636\u7ea7\u3001\u5927\u5730\u4e3b\u3001\u5b98\u50da\u3001\u519b\u9600\u548c\u53cd\u52a8\u6d3e\u77e5\u8bc6\u9636\u7ea7\uff0c\u800c\u4ee5“\u53cd\u52a8\u6d3e\u77e5\u8bc6\u9636\u7ea7”\u4e3a\u91cd\u70b9\u3002\u539f\u6587\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a“\u53cd\u52a8\u6d3e\u77e5\u8bc6\u9636\u7ea7──\u4e0a\u5217\u56db\u79cd\u4eba\u9644\u5c5e\u7269\uff0c\u5982\u4e70\u529e\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u94f6\u884c\u5de5\u5546\u4e1a\u9ad8\u7b49\u5458\u53f8\uff0c\u519b\u9600\u653f\u5e9c\u4e4b\u9ad8\u7b49\u4e8b\u52a1\u5458\uff0c\u653f\u5ba2\uff0c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4e1c\u897f\u6d0b\u7559\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5927\u5b66\u6821\u4e13\u95e8\u5b66\u6821\u6559\u6388\u3001\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u5927\u5f8b\u5e08\u7b49\u90fd\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e2a\u9636\u7ea7\u4e0e\u6c11\u65cf\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u76ee\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\uff0c\u59cb\u7ec8\u7ad9\u5728\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e00\u8fb9\uff0c\u4e43\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u6d3e\u3002”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u300a\u6bdb\u9009\u300b\u7248\u628a\u7b2c\u4e00\u7c7b\u7684\u9636\u7ea7\u5c5e\u6027\u4ece“\u5927\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7”\u6539\u4e3a“\u5730\u4e3b\u9636\u7ea7\u548c\u4e70\u529e\u9636\u7ea7”\u3002\u5220\u53bb\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0“\u53cd\u52a8\u6d3e\u77e5\u8bc6\u9636\u7ea7……”\u8fd9120\u591a\u5b57\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u7ed3\u5c3e\u90e8\u5206\u7528“\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u53cd\u52a8\u77e5\u8bc6\u754c”\u53d6\u4ee3\u539f\u6765\u7684“\u53cd\u52a8\u6d3e\u77e5\u8bc6\u9636\u7ea7”\uff0c\u8303\u56f4\u4f3c\u4e4e\u7f29\u5c0f\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46“\u53cd\u52a8\u77e5\u8bc6\u754c”\u7a76\u7adf\u6307\u7684\u662f\u54ea\u4e9b\u4eba\uff0c\u5e76\u672a\u4ea4\u4ee3\uff1b\u8fd9\u9876“\u53cd\u52a8”\u5e3d\u5b50\uff0c\u50cf\u8fbe\u6469\u514b\u5229\u65af\u4e4b\u5251\u59cb\u7ec8\u60ac\u5728\u77e5\u8bc6\u754c\u7684\u5934\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7c7b\uff0c\u539f\u6587\u8bf4\uff1a“\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7”\u5305\u62ec\u534e\u8d44\u94f6\u884c\u5de5\u5546\u9636\u7ea7\uff0c\u5c0f\u5730\u4e3b\u548c\u8bb8\u591a\u9ad8\u7b49\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u3002“\u9ad8\u7b49\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50──\u534e\u5546\u94f6\u884c\u5de5\u5546\u4e1a\u4e4b\u4ece\u4e1a\u5458\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4e1c\u897f\u6d0b\u7559\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5927\u5b66\u6821\u4e13\u95e8\u5b66\u6821\u6559\u6388\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u5c0f\u5f8b\u5e08\u7b49\u90fd\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u3002”\u8fd9\u7c7b\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u5206\u4e3a\u53f3\u7ffc\u548c\u5de6\u7ffc\u3002\u5c0f\u5730\u4e3b\u5bb6\u5ead\u51fa\u8eab\u7684\u7559\u5b66\u751f\u548c\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u662f“\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u53f3\u7ffc”\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec“\u67d3\u53d7\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u7684\u6d0b\u6c14”\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e0e\u6559\u4f1a\u3001\u4e70\u529e\u9636\u7ea7\u6709\u8054\u7cfb\u3002“\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u5de6\u7ffc\uff0c\u5373\u4e0e\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u7f18\u8005\u3002”\u539f\u6587\u6240\u5217\u8868\u683c\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7“\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9769\u547d\u7684\u6001\u5ea6”\u4e00\u680f\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a“\u53f3\u7ffc\u90bb\u4e8e\u53cd\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u5de6\u7ffc\u6709\u65f6\u53ef\u53c2\u52a0\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u7136\u6613\u4e0e\u654c\u4eba\u59a5\u534f\uff0c\u5168\u4f53\u770b\u6765\u662f\u534a\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u3002”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u539f\u6587\u7ed3\u675f\u8bed\u8bf4\uff1a“\u90a3\u6447\u52a8\u4e0d\u5b9a\u7684\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\uff0c\u5176\u53f3\u7ffc\u5e94\u8be5\u628a\u4ed6\u5f53\u505a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u654c\u4eba──\u5373\u73b0\u65f6\u975e\u654c\u4eba\u4e5f\u53bb\u654c\u4eba\u4e0d\u8fdc\uff1b\u5176\u5de6\u7ffc\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u4ed6\u5f53\u505a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u670b\u53cb──\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u65f6\u5e38\u63d0\u9632\u4ed6\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4e71\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u9635\u7ebf\uff01”\u6700\u540e\u539f\u6587\u8fd8\u8bf4\uff1a\u5168\u56fd\u56db\u4e07\u4e07\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c“\u5927\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7”\u4e00\u767e\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c“\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7”\u56db\u767e\u4e07\u4eba\u3002“\u6211\u4eec\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u654c\u4eba\u6709\u591a\u5c11\uff1f\u6709\u4e00\u767e\u4e07\u3002\u90a3\u53ef\u53cb\u53ef\u654c\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u6d3e\u6709\u591a\u5c11\uff1f\u6709\u56db\u767e\u4e07\u3002\u8ba9\u8fd9\u56db\u767e\u4e07\u7b97\u505a\u654c\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e94\u767e\u4e07\u4eba\u7684\u56e2\u4f53\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u62b5\u4e0d\u4f4f\u4e09\u4e07\u4e07\u4e5d\u5343\u4e94\u767e\u4e07\u4eba\u3002”\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u662f\u628a“\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7”\u5f53\u4f5c\u654c\u4eba\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u300a\u6bdb\u9009\u300b\u7248\u8fd9\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4e3b\u8981\u6539\u52a8\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u662f\u660e\u786e“\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6307\u6c11\u65cf\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7”\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5173\u4e8e“\u9ad8\u7b49\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50”\u7684\u53cd\u53cd\u590d\u590d\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3001\u8bc4\u8bba\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u5220\u53bb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e09\u7c7b“\u5c0f\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7”\uff0c\u539f\u6587\u8bf4\uff1a“\u5982\u81ea\u8015\u519c\uff0c\u5c0f\u5546\uff0c\u624b\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e3b\uff0c\u5c0f\u77e5\u8bc6\u9636\u7ea7──\u5c0f\u5458\u53f8\uff0c\u5c0f\u4e8b\u52a1\u5458\uff0c\u4e2d\u5b66\u5b66\u751f\u53ca\u4e2d\u5c0f\u5b66\u6559\u5458\uff0c\u5c0f\u5f8b\u5e08\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u3002”\u8fd9\u7c7b\u4eba\u53c8\u6309\u5bb6\u5ead\u5bcc\u88d5\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5206\u5de6\u4e2d\u53f3\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u3002“\u5bcc\u88d5\u90e8\u5206──\u53f3\u7ffc\uff0c\u5e73\u65f6\u8fd1\u4f3c\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4e4b\u534a\u53cd\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u6218\u65f6\u53ef\u9644\u548c\u9769\u547d\uff1b\u81ea\u8db3\u90e8\u5206──\u4e2d\u592e\uff0c\u5e73\u65f6\u4e2d\u7acb\uff0c\u6218\u65f6\u53c2\u52a0\uff08\u9769\u547d\uff09\uff1b\u4e0d\u8db3\u90e8\u5206──\u5de6\u7ffc\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\uff08\u9769\u547d\uff09\u3002”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u300a\u6bdb\u9009\u300b\u7248\u5bf9\u5c0f\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u6539\u52a8\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86\u539f\u6587\u7684\u8868\u683c\uff0c\u4e3a\u5c0f\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u53f3\u7ffc\u6458\u9664\u4e86“\u534a\u53cd\u9769\u547d”\u7684\u5e3d\u5b50\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u7b2c\u56db\u7c7b“\u534a\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7”\u548c\u7b2c\u4e94\u7c7b“\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7”\uff0c\u539f\u6587\u90fd\u672a\u6d89\u53ca\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u3002\u300a\u6bdb\u9009\u300b\u7248\u6539\u52a8\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u6539\u52a8\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u662f\uff1a\u539f\u6587\u628a\u5de5\u4e1a\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4e0e\u5c0f\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u3001\u534a\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u90fd\u8bf4\u6210“\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u670b\u53cb”\uff1b\u300a\u6bdb\u9009\u300b\u7248\u5219\u6539\u4e3a“\u5de5\u4e1a\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u9769\u547d\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u4e00\u5207\u534a\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u3001\u5c0f\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u3002”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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“\u72ec\u5750\u6c60\u5858\u5982\u864e\u8ddd\uff08\u90b5\u71d5\u7965\u6309\uff1a\u7591\u4e3a\u8e1e\uff09\uff0c<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u7eff\u6768\u6811\u4e0b\u517b\u7cbe\u795e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u6625\u6765\u6211\u4e0d\u5148\u5f00\u53e3\uff0c<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u90a3\u4e2a\u866b\u513f\u6562\u4f5c\u58f0\u3002“[5]<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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\u63ea\u51fa\u738b\u5b9e\u5473\u540e\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u628a\u77db\u5934\u6307\u5411\u6240\u6709\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u8bf4\uff1a“\u533b\u5927\u3001\u4e2d\u7814\u9662\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u5b66\u9662\u3001\u5ef6\u5927\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u3001\u9c81\u827a\u3001\u897f\u5317\u5c40\u3001\u8fb9\u533a\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6697\u85cf\u574f\u4eba”[10]\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u793a\uff1a\u6574\u98ce\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u5f04\u6e05\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4e0e\u975e\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\uff08\u534a\u6761\u5fc3\uff09\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u5f04\u6e05\u9769\u547d\u4e0e\u53cd\u9769\u547d\uff08\u4e24\u6761\u5fc3\uff09\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u53cd\u7279\u52a1\u6597\u4e89\u3002[11]1943\u5e744\u6708\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u6839\u636e\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u53d1\u5e03\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u7ee7\u7eed\u5f00\u5c55\u6574\u98ce\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u300b\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u6297\u6218\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u548c\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u6d3e\u9063\u5927\u6279\u5185\u5978\u5206\u5b50\u6253\u5165\u515a\u7684\u5404\u7ea7\u673a\u5173\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5728\u6574\u987f\u515a\u7684\u4f5c\u98ce\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u5168\u515a\u5f00\u5c55\u4e00\u6b21\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5ba1\u67e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u8083\u6e05\u515a\u5185\u6697\u85cf\u7684\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u5206\u5b50\u3002\u540c\u5e747\u6708\uff0c\u5eb7\u751f\u4f5c\u300a\u62a2\u6551\u5931\u8db3\u8005\u300b\u52a8\u5458\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u53f7\u53ec“\u653f\u6cbb\u5931\u8db3\u8005”\u5766\u767d\u4ea4\u4ee3\uff0c\u7fa4\u4f17\u63ed\u53d1\u68c0\u4e3e\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u4ece\u5ef6\u5b89\u5230\u5404\u6297\u65e5\u6839\u636e\u5730\u6380\u8d77“\u62a2\u6551\u8fd0\u52a8”\u9ad8\u6f6e\u3002\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u6210\u4e3a“\u62a2\u6551”\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u3002\u8fd0\u52a8\u901a\u8fc7\u5927\u5c0f\u6279\u6597\u4f1a\uff0c\u8bf1\u4f9b\u903c\u4f9b\uff0c\u5173\u7981\u95ed\uff0c\u7528\u9177\u5211\uff0c\u5728\u6781\u7aef\u6050\u6016\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u5766\u767d\u68c0\u4e3e\u51fa\u5927\u91cf“\u7279\u52a1”\u3002\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c8\u67088\u65e5\u300a\u5728\u4e2d\u592e\u515a\u6821\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5f00\u5b66\u5178\u793c\u5927\u4f1a\u4e0a\u8bb2\u8bdd\u300b\u8bf4\uff1a\u4e2d\u592e\u515a\u6821\u6316\u51fa\u7279\u52a1250\u4eba\uff08\u5168\u6821\u53ea\u67092500\u4eba\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f30\u8ba1\u8fd8\u4e0d\u6b62\u6b64\u6570\u3002\u800c\u884c\u653f\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c“\u9664\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u6559\u5458\u3001\u804c\u5458\u5168\u90e8\u662f\u7279\u52a1”\uff0c“\u5b66\u751f\u4e2d\u5f88\u591a\u662f\u7279\u52a1\uff0c\u6050\u6015\u662f\u8fc7\u534a\u6570”\u3002[12]\u636e\u738b\u7d20\u56ed\u300a\u9655\u7518\u5b81\u8fb9\u533a“\u62a2\u6551\u8fd0\u52a8”\u59cb\u672b\u300b\u79f0\uff1a\u519b\u59d4\u4e09\u5c40\u7535\u8baf\u5b66\u6821200\u591a\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c\u6316\u51fa170\u4e2a\u7279\u52a1\uff1b\u897f\u5317\u516c\u5b66500\u591a\u4eba\uff0c\u53ea\u670920\u4eba\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab“\u62a2\u6551”\u3002[13]\u8bb8\u591a\u5766\u767d\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u7279\u52a1\u7684\u5916\u6765\u5e72\u90e8\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5730\u4e0b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5730\u4e0b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u6253\u6210\u7279\u52a1\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5982\u7518\u8083\u3001\u9655\u897f\u3001\u56db\u5ddd\u3001\u6cb3\u5357\u3001\u6d59\u6c5f\u3001\u6e56\u5317\u7b49\u7701\u7684\u5730\u4e0b\u515a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u90fd\u66fe\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6253\u7740\u7ea2\u65d7\u53cd\u7ea2\u65d7\u7684“\u7ea2\u65d7\u515a”\u3002[14]\u66f4\u8352\u5510\u7684\u662f\u628a“\u4e00\u4e8c\u4e5d”\u8fd0\u52a8\u89c6\u4e3a\u56fd\u6c11\u515a“\u7ea2\u65d7\u653f\u7b56”\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u636e\u5f53\u65f6\u4efb\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u9752\u59d4\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u7684\u848b\u5357\u7fd41945\u5e743\u6708\u7ed9\u5218\u5c11\u5947\u548c\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u62a2\u6551\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u4e66\u300b\u79f0\uff1a\u542c\u8bf4\u4e0d\u5c11\u5730\u65b9\u628a\u53c2\u52a0“\u4e00\u4e8c\u4e5d”\u8fd0\u52a8\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5ba1\u5e72\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3002\u9647\u4e1c\u9886\u5bfc\u62a2\u6551\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5e72\u90e8\u516c\u5f00\u8bf4\uff1a“‘\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4e8e1935\u5e74\u8d77\u5c31\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u5b9e\u884c\u515a\u5316\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u90a3\u65f6\u4ee5\u540e\u6765\u5230\u8fb9\u533a\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u65e0\u4f8b\u5916\u5730\u90fd\u6709\u95ee\u9898’\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u9647\u4e1c\u7684\u5916\u6765\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u4e5d\u5341\u4e5d\u70b9\u51e0\u662f\u88ab‘\u62a2’\u4e86\uff08\u5168\u9647\u4e1c\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5916\u6765\u65b0\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u672a\u88ab\u62a2\uff09\u3002\u62a2\u5f97\u6240\u6709\u5916\u6765\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u53eb\u82e6\u8fde\u5929\uff0c\u6028\u58f0\u8f7d\u9053\uff08\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4eb2\u5386\u7684\u89c1\u95fb\uff09\uff01”\u62a2\u6551\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d“90%\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\u636e\u674e\u9510\u56de\u5fc6\uff0c\u62a2\u6551\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c“\u5ef6\u5b8980%\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u4e0a\u53f0‘\u5766\u767d’\uff0c\u88ab‘\u62a2\u6551’\u6210\u7279\u52a1\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u52a1\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709”\u3002[16]\u8c61\u674e\u9510\u3001\u4e8e\u5149\u8fdc\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0a\u8fc7\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u4e2d\u5171\u515a\u5458\uff0c\u90fd\u66fe\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u7279\u52a1\uff0c\u5173\u62bc\u4e86\u4e00\u5e74\u591a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

1943\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u9274\u4e8e\u5404\u5355\u4f4d\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u88ab\u6253\u6210“\u7279\u52a1”\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f00\u5c55\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u5bf9“\u62a2\u6551\u8fd0\u52a8”\u4e2d\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e3a\u7279\u52a1\u7684\u4eba\u9010\u4e2a\u7504\u522b\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u5f97\u5230\u5e73\u53cd\uff0c\u4f46\u738b\u5b9e\u5473\u5374\u4e8e1947\u5e74\u88ab\u5904\u51b3\uff0c\u4ee5\u738b\u5b9e\u5473\u4e3a\u9996\u7684“\u4e94\u4eba\u53cd\u515a\u96c6\u56e2”\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5e73\u53cd\u3002\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u95ee\u9898\u5f53\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u4f5c\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u540e\u6765\u5386\u6b21\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u6279\u6597\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u636e\u4eb2\u5386\u5ef6\u5b89“\u62a2\u6551\u8fd0\u52a8”\u7684\u6e29\u6d4e\u6cfd\u3001\u97e6\u541b\u5b9c\u7b49\u56de\u5fc6\uff0c“\u62a2\u6551\u8fd0\u52a8”\u5236\u9020\u7684\u51a4\u5047\u9519\u6848\u7504\u522b\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4e3a\u633d\u56de\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u66fe\u591a\u6b21\u5728\u7fa4\u4f17\u96c6\u4f1a\u4e0a\u8d54\u793c\u9053\u6b49\uff0c\u4e3a\u62a2\u6551\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u627f\u62c5\u8d23\u4efb\u3002[17]\u4f46\u9053\u6b49\u7ba1\u9053\u6b49\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8fd9\u6b21\u8fd0\u52a8\u59cb\u7ec8\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba4\u771f\u603b\u7ed3\uff0c\u5438\u53d6\u6559\u8bad\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\u5730\uff0c\u848b\u5357\u7fd4\u7684\u300a\u610f\u89c1\u4e66\u300b\u9001\u5230\u4e2d\u592e\u540e\uff0c\u5374“\u7559\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53d1”\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u906d\u5230\u6279\u5224\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u60c5\u51b5\u76f4\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u624d\u4ece\u848b\u5357\u7fd4\u7684\u9057\u7a3f\u4e2d\u83b7\u6089\u3002[18]<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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\uff08\u4e94\uff09\u501f\u9898\u53d1\u6325\u7684\u300a\u6b66\u8bad\u4f20\u300b\u6279\u5224<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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\uff08\u516d\uff09\u5bf9\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u8fdb\u884c“\u8131\u80ce\u6362\u9aa8”\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u6539\u9020\u8fd0\u52a8<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u300a\u6b66\u8bad\u4f20\u300b\u6279\u5224\u785d\u70df\u672a\u6563\uff0c1951\u5e7410\u670823\u65e5\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u653f\u534f\u4e00\u5c4a\u4e09\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u63d0\u51fa\uff1a“\u601d\u60f3\u6539\u9020\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u662f\u5404\u79cd\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u601d\u60f3\u6539\u9020\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u56fd\u5728\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u5f7b\u5e95\u5b9e\u73b0\u6c11\u4e3b\u6539\u9769\u548c\u9010\u6b65\u5b9e\u884c\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002”[21]\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u300a\u4eba\u6c11\u65e5\u62a5\u300b\u51fa\u73b0\u901a\u680f\u6807\u9898\uff1a“\u7528\u6279\u8bc4\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u6279\u8bc4\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f00\u5c55\u601d\u60f3\u6539\u9020\u8fd0\u52a8”\u300211\u670830\u65e5\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u53d1\u51fa\u5185\u90e8\u6587\u4ef6\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u601d\u60f3\u6539\u9020\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6e05\u7406\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u6307\u793a\u300b\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5728\u6240\u6709\u5927\u4e2d\u5c0f\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u6559\u804c\u5458\u4e2d\u548c\u9ad8\u4e2d\u5b66\u6821\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u4e2d\u666e\u904d\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u521d\u6b65\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u6539\u9020\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1b\u5e76\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u4e2d\u5c0f\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u6559\u804c\u5458\u4e2d\u548c\u4e13\u79d1\u5b66\u6821\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5fe0\u8bda\u8001\u5b9e\u4ea4\u6e05\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u6e05\u7406\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u5206\u5b50\u3002\u4ee5\u671f\u4ece\u601d\u60f3\u4e0a\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0a\u6e05\u9664\u5b66\u6821\u4e2d\u7684\u53cd\u52a8\u9057\u8ff9\uff0c\u4f7f\u5168\u56fd\u5b66\u6821\u90fd\u9010\u6b65\u638c\u63e1\u5728\u515a\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4e4b\u4e0b\u300212\u670823\u65e5\u548c24\u65e5\uff0c\u6bdb\u4e24\u6b21\u6307\u793a\u4e2d\u5171\u5404\u4e2d\u592e\u5c40\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5728\u5404\u5730\u5b66\u6821\u5f00\u5c55\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u6539\u9020\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002[22]\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u601d\u60f3\u6539\u9020\u8fd0\u52a8\u4ece\u6559\u80b2\u754c\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u6574\u4e2a\u77e5\u8bc6\u754c\u3002\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u6e05\u9664\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u5c01\u5efa\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u5b98\u50da\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5212\u6e05\u654c\u6211\u754c\u9650\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u6b63\u503c\u671d\u9c9c\u6218\u4e89\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u8083\u6e05“\u4eb2\u7f8e\u3001\u6050\u7f8e\u3001\u5d07\u7f8e”\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u6811\u7acb“\u4ec7\u89c6\u3001\u8511\u89c6\u3001\u9119\u89c6\u7f8e\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49”\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u66fe\u7ecf\u5728\u6b27\u7f8e\u7559\u8fc7\u5b66\u548c\u5728\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0b\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u90fd\u6210\u4e3a\u601d\u60f3\u6539\u9020\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0“\u8131\u80ce\u6362\u9aa8”\u7684\u6539\u9020\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u8868\u793a\u4e0e\u65e7\u793e\u4f1a\u5272\u65ad\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u6548\u5fe0\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u5374\u906d\u5230\u4e25\u91cd\u4fae\u8fb1\uff0c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u5e94\u6709\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c0a\u4e25\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\u7cbe\u795e\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u601d\u60f3\u5168\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u53cd\u52a8\u3002\u52a0\u4e0a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5ba3\u5e03\u5411\u82cf\u8054“\u4e00\u8fb9\u5012”\uff0c\u53f7\u4ee4\u5168\u56fd\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u5b66\u4e60\u82cf\u8054\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u82cf\u4e24\u56fd\u5b98\u65b9\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u4e25\u5bc6\u63a7\u5236\u4e0b\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u5b9e\u4e8b\u6c42\u662f\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u518d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u51fa\u4e0a\u4e58\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\uff08\u4e03\uff09\u5236\u9020“\u80e1\u98ce\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u96c6\u56e2”\u51a4\u6848<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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\u6839\u636e\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u65e8\u610f\uff0c\u672a\u7ecf\u4efb\u4f55\u6cd5\u5f8b\u624b\u7eed\uff0c\u80e1\u98ce\u592b\u5987\u4e8e1955\u5e745\u670817\u65e5\u88ab\u6355\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6“\u80e1\u98ce\u5206\u5b50”\u4e5f\u9646\u7eed\u5165\u72f1\u3002\u51e1\u662f\u4e0e“\u80e1\u98ce\u5206\u5b50”\u6709\u8fc7\u6765\u5f80\uff0c\u5728\u80e1\u98ce\u4e3b\u7f16\u7684\u520a\u7269\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u8fc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u6210\u4e86\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u5acc\u7591\u72af\uff0c\u65e0\u4e00\u4f8b\u5916\u5730\u53d7\u5230\u7fa4\u4f17\u6027\u63ed\u53d1\u6279\u5224\u3001\u505c\u804c\u5ba1\u67e5\uff0c\u6216\u5265\u593a\u4eba\u8eab\u81ea\u7531\u7684“\u9694\u79bb\u5ba1\u67e5”\u3002\u636e1980\u5e74\u53f8\u6cd5\u90e8\u95e8\u6240\u4f5c\u80e1\u98ce\u4e00\u6848\u590d\u67e5\u62a5\u544a\u79f0\uff1a\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u6e05\u67e5“\u80e1\u98ce\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u96c6\u56e2”\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u4e2d\uff0c\u5171\u6d89\u53ca2100\u4eba\uff0c\u902e\u635592\u4eba\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u5b9a\u4e3a“\u80e1\u98ce\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u96c6\u56e2”\u5206\u5b50\u768478\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5212\u4e3a\u9aa8\u5e72\u5206\u5b50\u768423\u4eba\u3002\uff08\u636e\u77e5\u60c5\u8005\u79f0“\u771f\u5b9e\u6570\u5b57\u8fdc\u4e0d\u6b62\u6b64”\uff09\u3002[26]\u80e1\u98ce\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u4eec\u6216\u5224\u5211\uff0c\u6216\u52b3\u52a8\u6559\u517b\uff0c\u5386\u5c3d\u6467\u6b8b\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u6b7b\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u590d\u67e5\u30021980\u5e74\u53f8\u6cd5\u90e8\u95e8\u590d\u67e5\u7ed3\u8bba\u79f0\uff1a“\u80e1\u98ce\u4e0d\u662f\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u80e1\u98ce\u4e3a\u9996\u7684\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u96c6\u56e2\u3002\u80e1\u98ce\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u96c6\u56e2\u4e00\u6848\u5e94\u5c5e\u9519\u6848\u9519\u5224\u3002”[27]\u80e1\u98ce\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u4eec\u5728\u5750\u726225\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\u624d\u5f97\u4ee5\u65e0\u7f6a\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u4f46\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ef4\u62a4\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u9762\u5b50\uff0c\u5e73\u53cd\u901a\u77e5\u4e66\u4e2d\u5bf9\u80e1\u98ce\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u6587\u827a\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u6587\u827a\u6d3b\u52a8\u4ecd\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u5c11\u4e0d\u5b9e\u4e4b\u8bcd\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e09\u6b21\u957f\u8fbe8\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u624d\u4ece\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u5230\u6587\u827a\u601d\u60f3\u4e0a\u4e88\u4ee5\u5f7b\u5e95\u5e73\u53cd\u3002\u8fd9\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u4ed6\u8499\u51a433\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u80e1\u98ce\u53bb\u4e16\u4e5f\u5df23\u5e74\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u7ee7\u53cd\u80e1\u98ce\u8fd0\u52a8\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u53c8\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u8303\u56f4\u5f00\u5c55\u8083\u6e05\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u8fd0\u52a8\uff08\u7b80\u79f0“\u8083\u53cd”\uff09\u3002\u5728\u601d\u60f3\u6539\u9020\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u4ea4\u4ee3\u63ed\u53d1\u51fa\u6765\u6709\u67d0\u4e9b\u5386\u53f2\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u53c8\u6210\u4e3a\u8083\u53cd\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u4e0d\u5c11\u51a4\u6848\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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1956\u5e74\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u96be\u5f97\u7684\u5e73\u9759\u548c\u8212\u7545\u7684\u4e00\u5e74\u30021\u6708\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u53ec\u5f00\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u5468\u6069\u6765\u5728\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u601d\u60f3\u6539\u9020\u540e\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f“\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206”\uff0c\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e0d\u53ef\u7f3a\u5c11\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u4e3a\u6539\u53d8\u79d1\u5b66\u843d\u540e\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u4f1a\u540e\u53c8\u53f7\u53ec“\u5411\u79d1\u5b66\u8fdb\u519b”\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

2\u6708\uff0c\u8d6b\u9c81\u6653\u592b\u5728\u82cf\u8054\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7b2c20\u6b21\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\uff0c\u63ed\u9732\u4e86\u65af\u5927\u6797\u7684\u66b4\u653f\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u57fa\u7840\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u52a8\u6447\u3002\u4e3a\u633d\u6551\u6781\u6743\u7edf\u6cbb\u5371\u5c40\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u63d0\u51fa\u7f13\u548c\u77db\u76fe\u7684“\u5341\u5927\u5173\u7cfb”\u548c\u535a\u5f97\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u6b22\u5fc3\u7684“\u767e\u82b1\u9f50\u653e\u3001\u767e\u5bb6\u4e89\u9e23”\u3002\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u5ba3\u4f20\u90e8\u957f\u9646\u5b9a\u4e00\u8fdb\u800c\u516c\u5f00\u9f13\u5439\u6709“\u72ec\u7acb\u601d\u8003\u7684\u81ea\u7531”\u548c“\u5ba3\u4f20\u552f\u5fc3\u8bba\u7684\u81ea\u7531”\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u6709\u4eba\u6b22\u547c\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fce\u6765\u4e86“\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6625\u5929”\uff01<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8fde\u7eed\u51e0\u5e74\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u6279\u5224\u8fd0\u52a8\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u5df2\u5664\u82e5\u5bd2\u8749\uff0c\u4e0d\u6562\u4e5f\u4e0d\u613f\u5bf9\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u63d0\u610f\u89c1\u3002\u53ea\u56e0\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u53cd\u590d\u52a8\u5458\uff0c\u5404\u5355\u4f4d\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5949\u547d\u70ed\u5ff1\u76f8\u9080\uff0c\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86“\u4ee5\u5929\u4e0b\u4e3a\u5df1\u4efb”\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u7ec8\u4e8e\u4e3a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684“\u8bda\u610f”\u6240\u52a8\uff0c\u7eb7\u7eb7\u5728\u9e23\u653e\u5ea7\u8c08\u4f1a\u4e0a\u5f00\u6000\u7545\u8a00\uff0c\u4f7f1957\u5e745\u6708\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7a7a\u524d\u70ed\u95f9\u7684“\u9e23\u653e”\u5c40\u9762\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

5\u670810\u65e5\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u7edf\u6218\u90e8\u53ec\u5f00\u7684\u5ea7\u8c08\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u7f57\u9686\u57fa\u8bf4\uff0c\u6587\u6559\u673a\u5173\u4e2d\u9752\u5e74\u515a\u5458\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u9886\u5bfc\u8001\u5e74\u7684\u65e7\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5e76\u8bf4\uff1a“\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5c0f\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u540c\u5c0f\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u5927\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u662f\u4e2a\u77db\u76fe\u3002”[29]\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u6df1\u6df1\u523a\u75db\u4e86\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\uff0c\u5f53\u4ed6\u542c\u5230\u7edf\u6218\u90e8\u957f\u674e\u7ef4\u6c49\u6c47\u62a5\u65f6\uff0c\u89c9\u5f97\u4e00\u5e74\u6765\u4e0d\u65ad\u8fdb\u884c\u8c0b\u5212\u5f20\u8bbe\u7684\u5927\u7f57\u7f51\u5df2\u7ecf\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u6536\u7f51\u4e86\u30025\u670815\u65e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u4f9b\u515a\u5185\u5e72\u90e8\u9605\u8bfb\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u300a\u4e8b\u60c5\u6b63\u5728\u8d77\u53d8\u5316\u300b\uff0c\u628a4\u4e2a\u6708\u524d\u5411\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5e72\u90e8\u4ea4\u7684\u5e95\u4e5f\u5411\u4e00\u822c\u515a\u5185\u5e72\u90e8\u5439\u5439\u98ce\u3002\u4ed6\u628a\u9e23\u653e\u4e2d\u8868\u793a“\u6b23\u8d4f\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49”\u3001“\u8d5e\u6210\u6c11\u4e3b”\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u7edf\u79f0\u4e3a“\u53f3\u6d3e”\uff0c“\u6700\u8fd1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u6d3e\u4e2d\u548c\u5728\u9ad8\u7b49\u5b66\u6821\u4e2d\uff0c\u53f3\u6d3e\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u6700\u575a\u51b3\u6700\u7316\u72c2\u3002”“\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u8981\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7316\u72c2\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u8d70\u5230\u9876\u70b9\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8d8a\u7316\u72c2\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u8d8a\u6709\u5229\u76ca\u3002”\u8fd9\u662f\u4ed6\u60ef\u7528\u7684“\u8bf1\u654c\u6df1\u5165\uff0c\u805a\u800c\u6b7c\u4e4b”\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002[30]<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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\u7531\u4e8e\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5df2\u4e8e1959\u5e74\u5ba3\u5e03\u9000\u5c45\u4e8c\u7ebf\uff0c\u7531\u5218\u5c11\u5947\u51fa\u4efb\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u5e2d\u5e76\u4e3b\u6301\u515a\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4e3a\u8bdb\u706d\u5218\u5c11\u5947\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u91c7\u53d6\u53cc\u91cd\u5927\u5305\u6284\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u4ed6\u76d8\u7b97\u7740\uff0c\u8981\u6253\u5012\u5218\u5c11\u5947\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u6253\u57ae\u7531\u5218\u5c11\u5947\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u9664\u519b\u961f\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u5668\uff1b\u800c\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u6700\u6709\u6548\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u662f\u4ece\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u6597\u4e89\u5165\u624b\uff0c\u5148\u5411\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u6587\u5316\u9886\u57df\u5f00\u5200\u3002\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u5218\u5c11\u5947\u7684\u6b89\u846c\u54c1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u7ecf\u8fc7\u591a\u5e74\u7cbe\u5fc3\u7b56\u5212\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4e8e1966\u5e745\u6708\u5ba3\u5e03\u5f00\u5c55“\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d”\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u300a\u4e94·\u4e00\u516d\u901a\u77e5\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u907f\u800c\u4e0d\u8c08“\u8d70\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u9053\u8def\u5f53\u6743\u6d3e”\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ea\u8bf4\u8981\u5f7b\u5e95\u63ed\u9732\u6279\u5224\u53cd\u52a8“\u5b66\u672f\u6743\u5a01”\u548c“\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u754c\u3001\u65b0\u95fb\u754c\u3001\u6587\u827a\u754c\u3001\u51fa\u7248\u754c\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u53cd\u52a8\u601d\u60f3”\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c8\u67088\u65e5\u629b\u51fa\u7684\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u624d\u70b9\u660e\uff0c“\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\uff0c\u662f\u6574\u515a\u5185\u90a3\u4e9b\u8d70\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u9053\u8def\u7684\u5f53\u6743\u6d3e”\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u518d\u6b21\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u8981\u5bf9“\u53cd\u52a8\u5b66\u672f‘\u6743\u5a01’”\u548c“\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u3001\u6587\u827a\u4f5c\u54c1\u3001\u6587\u827a\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u6218\u7ebf\u4e0a\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u53cd\u52a8\u89c2\u70b9”\u8fdb\u884c\u6279\u5224\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4e00\u5e74\u540e\u628a\u5b83\u6982\u62ec\u4e3a\uff1a“\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u4e0a\u5c42\u5efa\u7b51\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u5404\u4e2a\u6587\u5316\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u5bf9\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5b9e\u884c\u5168\u9762\u7684\u4e13\u653f”\u3002[32]<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u77e5\u8bc6\u6587\u5316\u9886\u57df\u5b9e\u884c\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e13\u5236\u7684“\u5168\u9762\u4e13\u653f”\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u9f13\u52a8\u5e74\u5e7c\u65e0\u77e5\u7684\u4e2d\u5b66\u751f\u8d77\u6765“\u9020\u53cd”\uff0c\u5f00\u5c55\u6240\u8c13“\u7834\u56db\u65e7”\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u610f\u56fe\u628a\u6240\u6709“\u65e7\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u65e7\u6587\u5316\u3001\u65e7\u98ce\u4fd7\u3001\u65e7\u4e60\u60ef”\u7edf\u7edf\u6d88\u706d\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u4e66\u7c4d\u88ab\u70e7\uff0c\u6587\u7269\u88ab\u6bc1\uff0c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u53d7\u5c3d\u7f9e\u8fb1\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u906d\u6bd2\u6253\u3001\u6740\u622e\u3002\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u6210\u4e3a\u9769\u547d\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684“\u81ed\u8001\u4e5d”\uff08\u5728\u5b83\u524d\u9762\u76848\u7c7b\u9769\u547d\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\uff1a\u53db\u5f92\u3001\u7279\u52a1\u3001\u8d70\u8d44\u6d3e\u548c\u5730\u3001\u5bcc\u3001\u53cd\u3001\u574f\u3001\u53f3\uff09\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u77e5\u8bc6\u6210\u4e3a\u7f6a\u6076\uff0c“\u77e5\u8bc6\u8d8a\u591a\u8d8a\u53cd\u52a8”\u6210\u4e3a\u65f6\u9ae6\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4e00\u751f\u654c\u89c6\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u60c5\u7eea\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u6700\u5f7b\u5e95\u3001\u6700\u75af\u72c2\u7684\u53d1\u6cc4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4e3a\u8bdb\u706d\u5218\u5c11\u5947\u800c\u53d1\u52a8“\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d”\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u6bc1\u706d\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u9547\u538b\u548c\u6b3a\u9a97\u624b\u6cd5\u5236\u9020\u4e00\u573a\u5c0a\u4ed6\u4e3a\u795e\u7684\u9020\u795e\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4ed6\u957f\u671f\u8c62\u517b\u7684\u6253\u624b\u3001\u6587\u4e10\uff08\u5982\u6797\u5f6a\u3001\u6c5f\u9752\u4e4b\u6d41\uff09\u7684\u9f13\u566a\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u88ab\u8bf4\u6210\u662f“\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7684\u7ea2\u592a\u9633”\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8bdd“\u53e5\u53e5\u662f\u771f\u7406”\uff0c“\u4e00\u53e5\u9876\u4e00\u4e07\u53e5”\uff0c\u4eba\u4eba\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u5411\u4ed6“\u8868\u5fe0\u5fc3”\uff0c\u5411\u4ed6“\u65e9\u8bf7\u793a\u3001\u665a\u6c47\u62a5”\uff1b\u4eba\u4eba\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u80f8\u4f69\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u50cf\u7ae0\uff0c\u624b\u6367“\u7ea2\u5b9d\u4e66”\u300a\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u8bed\u5f55\u300b\uff0c\u968f\u65f6\u968f\u5730\u96c6\u4f53\u8df3“\u5fe0\u5b57\u821e”\u3002\u8fd9\u573a\u8352\u5510\u7684\u5f04\u795e\u88c5\u9b3c\u7684\u6ed1\u7a3d\u5267\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u611a\u5f04\u4e86\u611a\u6627\u7684\u7fa4\u76f2\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f7f\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u81ea\u5df1\u6df1\u4e3a\u9676\u9189\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u4e34\u6b7b\u524d\u8fd8\u5f97\u610f\u5730\u628a“\u6587\u9769”\u548c1949\u5e74\u7684\u9769\u547d\u5e76\u5217\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4e00\u751f\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4e24\u4ef6\u5927\u4e8b\u3002\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u6b7b\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u8fd9\u573a\u5386\u65f610\u5e74\u53c84\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u53e4\u4eca\u4e2d\u5916\u53f2\u65e0\u524d\u4f8b\u7684\u6d69\u52ab\u4e5f\u5c31\u5bff\u7ec8\u6b63\u5bdd\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u9634\u9b42\u4f9d\u7136\u672a\u6563\uff0c\u8c0e\u8a00\u548c\u9b3c\u8bdd\u4f9d\u7136\u5927\u6709\u5e02\u573a\uff0c“\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u601d\u60f3”\u4f9d\u7136\u88ab\u5949\u4e3a\u6307\u5bfc\u601d\u60f3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

2003\u5e745\u6708\u4e8e\u5317\u4eac\u4e2d\u5173\u6751<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u3010\u6ce8\u91ca\u3011<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[1]\u9ec4\u5b97\u82f1\uff1a\u300a\u6211\u4eb2\u8046\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4e0e\u7f57\u7a37\u5357\u5bf9\u8bdd\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6587\u6c47\u8bfb\u4e66\u5468\u62a5\u300b\uff0c2002\u5e7412\u67086\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[2]1986\u5e74\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7740\u4f5c\u9009\u8bfb\u300b\uff08\u4e0a\u518c\uff09\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5404\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u5206\u6790\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u6ce8\u91ca\u79f0\uff1a“\u672c\u6587\u539f\u8f7d\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u6c11\u9769\u547d\u519b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u519b\u53f8\u4ee4\u90e81925\u5e7412\u67081\u65e5\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u9769\u547d\u300b\u534a\u6708\u520a\u7b2c4\u671f\uff0c\u4ee5\u540e\u53c8\u57281926\u5e743\u6708\u5e7f\u5dde\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u9752\u5e74\u300b\u7b2c116\u3001117\u671f\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u3002”\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u9664\u627e\u5230\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u79cd\u6742\u5fd7\u5916\uff0c\u53c8\u627e\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4e2d\u592e\u6267\u884c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u519c\u6c11\u90e81926\u5e742\u67081\u65e5\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u519c\u6c11\u300b\u6708\u520a\u7b2c\u4e00\u96c6\u7b2c\u4e8c\u671f\uff0c\u4e5f\u520a\u6709\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5404\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u5206\u6790\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[3]\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u6587\u732e\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u7f16\u300a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4f20\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u6587\u732e\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1996\u5e74\uff0c\u4e0a\u518c\uff0c\u7b2c99\u9875\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u6c6a\u7cbe\u536b\u4efb\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u5e2d\u517c\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4e2d\u592e\u5ba3\u4f20\u90e8\u90e8\u957f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[4]\u300a\u73b0\u4ee3\u8bc4\u8bba\u300b\u53d1\u8868\u5f20\u595a\u82e5\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eca\u65e5\u6240\u8c13\u77e5\u8bc6\u9636\u7ea7\u300b\uff081927\u5e741\u6708\uff09\uff0c\u5b87\u6587\u300a\u6253\u5012\u77e5\u8bc6\u9636\u7ea7\u300b\uff081927\u5e742\u6708\uff09\uff0c\u300a\u4e00\u822c\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u53d1\u8868\u5fc3\u5982\u300a“\u6253\u5012\u77e5\u8bc6\u9636\u7ea7”\u53e3\u53f7\u4e2d\u6240\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u300b\uff081927\u5e749\u6708\uff09\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[5]\u90b5\u71d5\u7965\u300a“\u548f\u86d9”\u8bd7\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u300b\uff0c\u89c1\u300a\u591c\u8bfb\u5284\u8bb0\u300b\uff0c\u5e7f\u4e1c\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2001\u5e74\u7248\u3002\u636e\u90b5\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u8fd9\u9996\u8bd7\u6700\u65e9\u89c1\u8bf8\u6587\u5b57\u7684\u662f1988\u5e744\u670810\u65e5\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u9752\u5e74\u62a5\uff1f\u661f\u671f\u520a\u300b\u6240\u8f7d\u300a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u3008\u548f\u86d9\u3009\u8bd7\u300b\u4e00\u6587\uff0c\u7f72\u540d\u5f20\u6e58\u85e9\u3002\u540c\u4e00\u5bb6\u62a5\u7eb8\u5728\u90a3\u5e745\u670822\u65e5\u520a\u51fa\u9ec4\u98de\u82f1\u5199\u7684\u300a\u3008\u548f\u86d9\u3009\u8bd7\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u662f\u8c01\u300b\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u6b64\u8bd7\u51fa\u4e8e\u6e05\u672b\u6e56\u5317\u540d\u58eb\u90d1\u6b63\u9e44\u4e4b\u624b\u3002\u539f\u8bd7\u662f\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5c0f\u5c0f\u9752\u86d9\u4f3c\u864e\u5f62\uff0c\u6cb3\u8fb9\u5927\u6811\u597d\u906e\u836b\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u660e\u6625\u6211\u4e0d\u5148\u5f00\u53e3\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2a\u866b\u513f\u6562\u4f5c\u58f0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5c11\u5e74\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u501f\u90d1\u8bd7\u7565\u6539\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u5e94\u4ed8\u5165\u5b66\u8003\u8bd5\uff0c\u5e76\u53d7\u5230\u6821\u957f\u7684\u5938\u5956\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[6]\u7231\u5fb7\u683c\uff1f\u65af\u8bfa\uff1a\u300a\u897f\u884c\u6f2b\u8bb0\u300b\uff0c\u4e09\u8054\u4e66\u5e97\uff0c1979\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c127\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[7]\u53c2\u89c1\u8c22\u82cd\u9716\u3001\u4e07\u82b3\u73cd\uff1a\u300a\u4e09\u5343\u5e74\u6587\u7978\u300b\uff0c\u6c5f\u897f\u9ad8\u6821\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1991\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c447-452\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[8]\u674e\u7ef4\u6c49\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u592e\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u6574\u98ce\u8fd0\u52a8\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5ef6\u5b89\u4e2d\u592e\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u300b\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c\u6e56\u5357\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1984\u5e74\u3002\u674e\u8a00\uff1a\u300a\u5bf9\u4e2d\u592e\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u6574\u98ce\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u51e0\u70b9\u4f53\u4f1a\u300b\uff0c\u540c\u4e0a\u4e66\uff0c\u7b2c105\u3001108\u9875\u3002\u674e\u7ef4\u6c49\uff1a\u300a\u56de\u5fc6\u4e0e\u601d\u8003\u300b\uff08\u4e0b\uff09\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u515a\u53f2\u8d44\u6599\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1986\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c491\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[9]\u540c\u6ce8\u91ca[8].<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[10]\u53c2\u89c1\u300a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5e74\u8c31\u300b\uff08\u4e2d\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c388\u9875\u3002\u8f6c\u5f15\u81ea\u6768\u594e\u677e\uff1a\u300a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4e0e\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u7684\u6069\u6069\u6028\u6028\u300b\uff0c\u6c5f\u897f\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1999\u5e74\u7b2c143\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[11]\u738b\u7d20\u56ed\uff1a\u300a\u9655\u7518\u5b81\u8fb9\u533a“\u62a2\u6551\u8fd0\u52a8”\u59cb\u672b\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u5171\u515a\u53f2\u8d44\u6599\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u515a\u53f2\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1991\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c37\u8f91\uff0c\u7b2c208\u9875\u3001217\u9875\u3001210\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[12]\u300a\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u5728\u4e2d\u592e\u515a\u6821\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5f00\u5b66\u5178\u793c\u5927\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u8bb2\u8bdd\u300b\uff0c1943\u5e748\u67088\u65e5\uff0c\u8f6c\u5f15\u81ea\u300a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4e0e\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u7684\u6069\u6069\u6028\u6028\u300b\u7b2c153\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[13]\u540c\u6ce8\u91ca[11].<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[14]\u540c\u6ce8\u91ca[11].<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[15]\u6587\u807f\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd“\u5de6”\u7978\u300b\uff0c\u65b0\u534e\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1993\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c130\u3001140\u3001143\u3001149\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[16]\u674e\u9510\uff1a\u300a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u65e9\u5e74\u4e0e\u665a\u5e74\u300b\uff0c\u8d35\u5dde\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1992\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c125\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[17]\u738b\u7d20\u56ed\uff1a\u300a\u9655\u7518\u5b81\u8fb9\u533a“\u62a2\u6551\u8fd0\u52a8”\u59cb\u672b\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u5171\u515a\u53f2\u8d44\u6599\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u515a\u53f2\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1991\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c37\u8f91\uff0c\u7b2c229\u9875\u3002\u6e29\u6d4e\u6cfd\uff1a\u300a\u5ef6\u5b89\u7684\u62a2\u6551\u8fd0\u52a8\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6587\u6c47\u8bfb\u4e66\u5468\u62a5\u300b1999\u5e747\u670824\u65e5\u3002\u97e6\u541b\u5b9c\uff1a\u300a\u601d\u75db\u5f55\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5341\u6708\u6587\u827a\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1998\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c19\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[18]\u97e6\u541b\u5b9c\uff1a\u300a\u601d\u75db\u5f55\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5341\u6708\u6587\u827a\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1998\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c20\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[19]\u300a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7740\u4f5c\u9009\u300b\uff08\u4e0b\u518c\uff09\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1986\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c836\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[20]\u300a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u9009\u96c6\u300b\u7b2c5\u5377\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1977\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c333\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[21]\u540c\u6ce8\u91ca[20].<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[22]\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u515a\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u5171\u515a\u53f2\u5927\u4e8b\u5e74\u8868\u300b\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1981\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c104\u9875\u3002\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u6587\u732e\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u7f16\u300a\u5efa\u56fd\u4ee5\u6765\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u6587\u7a3f\u300b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u518c\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u6587\u732e\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1988\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c526\u3001620\u3001627\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[23]\u300a\u5149\u660e\u65e5\u62a5\u300b1952\u5e748\u670813\u65e5\uff0c\u8f6c\u5f15\u81ea\u4e01\u6292\u300a\u9633\u8c0b\u300b\uff0c\u4e5d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u6742\u5fd7\u793e\uff0c1993\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c46-47\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[24]\u300a\u5149\u660e\u65e5\u62a5\u300b1952\u5e744\u67088\u65e5\uff0c\u8f6c\u5f15\u81ea\u4e01\u6292\u300a\u9633\u8c0b\u300b\uff0c\u4e5d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u6742\u5fd7\u793e\uff0c1993\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c47\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[25]\u300a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u9009\u96c6\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c5\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c161\u3001163\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[26]\u6653\u98ce\uff1a\u300a\u4e5d\u6b7b\u672a\u6094──\u80e1\u98ce\u7684\u4e00\u751f\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u80e1\u98ce\uff0c\u6b7b\u4eba\u590d\u6d3b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u9752\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1999\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c63\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[27]\u8f6c\u5f15\u81ea\u674e\u8f89\uff1a\u300a\u80e1\u98ce\u96c6\u56e2\u51a4\u6848\u59cb\u672b\u300b\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u65e5\u62a5\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1989\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c3\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[28]\u300a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u9009\u96c6\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c5\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c333-350\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[29]\u7f57\u9686\u57fa\uff1a\u300a\u6211\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u4ea4\u5f85\u300b\uff0c1957\u5e747\u670815\u65e5\u7684\u53d1\u8a00\u3002\u89c1\u8c22\u6cf3\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u7f57\u9686\u57fa\uff1a\u6211\u7684\u88ab\u6355\u7684\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e0e\u53cd\u611f\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u9752\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1999\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c311-312\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[30]\u300a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u9009\u96c6\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c5\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c424-425\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[31]\u300a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u9009\u96c6\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c3\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c827\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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