{"id":22386,"date":"2011-09-22T06:59:00","date_gmt":"2011-09-22T06:59:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:10081\/?p=22386 "},"modified":"2011-09-22T06:59:00","modified_gmt":"2011-09-22T06:59:00","slug":"22386-revision-v1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/?p=22386","title":{"rendered":"\u8f9b\u4ea5\u767e\u5e74\uff0c\u5f17\u5170\u897f\u65af\u2022\u798f\u5c71\u7eb5\u8bba\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u653f\u6cbb"},"content":{"rendered":"<div><br \/><strong>\u7eaa\u5ff5\u8f9b\u4ea5\u9769\u547d\u4e00\u767e\u5468\u5e74\u5f81\u6587<\/strong><br \/><br \/><br \/>\u7f8e\u7c4d\u65e5\u88d4\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u5f17\u5170\u897f\u65af&#8226;\u798f\u5c71\uff08Francis Fukuyama \uff09\u4ee5\u4e00\u7bc7\u300a\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\u300b\u548c\u51fa\u7248\u4e8e1992\u5e74\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\u548c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u300b\uff08The End of History and the Last Man\uff09\u8457\u540d\u4e8e\u4e16\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u4e1c\u6b27\u5267\u53d8\u4e4b\u540e\u6168\u7136\u5ba3\u5e03\u6b27\u7f8e\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u4f53\u5236\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u83b7\u5f97\u7ec8\u6781\u6027\u7684\u80dc\u5229\uff0c\u5176\u8bba\u65ad\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u548c\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u3002\u5341\u4f59\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u798f\u5c71\u4ece\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u6838\u5fc3\u5730\u533a\u7684\u4e1c\u90e8\u7ea6\u7ff0&#8226;\u970d\u666e\u91d1\u65af\u5927\u5b66\u8df3\u69fd\u5230\u897f\u6d77\u5cb8\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u5176\u5b66\u672f\u5174\u8da3\u4e5f\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u4ece\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u8005\u70ed\u8877\u7684\u6784\u5efa\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u9884\u8a00\u672a\u6765\u8f6c\u5411\u4e00\u79cd\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5373\u8ffd\u6839\u6eaf\u6e90\uff0c\u7ecf\u7531\u53d1\u6398\u5404\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u79e9\u5e8f\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u5728\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u6700\u521d\u7f18\u8d77\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u6f14\u8fdb\uff0c\u63a8\u6c42\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u798f\u5c71\u73b0\u5728\u66f4\u50cf\u4e00\u4f4d\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u5bb6\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u6700\u7ec8\u8fd8\u662f\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u63d0\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u7531\u7ebd\u7ea6Farrar, Straus and Giroux \u51fa\u7248\u793e2011\u5e744\u6708\u63a8\u51fa\u7684\u4e94\u767e\u9875\u5927\u8457\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u8d77\u6e90&#8212;&#8212;\u4ece\u524d\u4eba\u7c7b\u65f6\u4ee3\u5230\u6cd5\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u300b\uff08The Origins of Political Order: From Prehuman Times to the French Revolution\uff09\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u798f\u5c71\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u8981\u70b9\u4ecd\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u5b66\u8005\u60ef\u5e38\u63a2\u8ba8\u7684\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u6743\uff08state\uff09\uff0c\u5168\u4e66\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5373\u56f4\u7ed5&#8220;\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u524d&#8221;\uff0c&#8220;\u56fd\u5bb6\u6784\u5efa&#8221;\uff0c&#8220;\u6cd5\u6cbb&#8221;\uff0c&#8220;\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u653f\u5e9c&#8221;\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e2a\u8bba\u9898\u5c55\u5f00\u3002&#8220;\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u6743&#8221;(state)\uff0c&#8220;\u6cd5\u6cbb&#8221;(rule of law)\u548c&#8220;\uff08\u5bf9\u4eba\u6c11\uff09\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u653f\u5e9c&#8221;(accountable government )\u662f\u798f\u5c71\u5206\u6790\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u5404\u7c7b\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u6307\u6807\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u798f\u5c71\u5728\u8fd9\u90e8\u65b0\u4e66\u4e2d\u4ee5\u6781\u5927\u7684\u7bc7\u5e45\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f62\u6001\u548c\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e2a\u6848\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e86\u8f83\u4e3a\u8c28\u614e\u548c\u6301\u5e73\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u5173\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\uff0c\u798f\u5c71\u8ba4\u4e3a\u970d\u5e03\u65af\u3001\u6d1b\u514b\u3001\u5362\u68ad\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5951\u7ea6\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u6b20\u51c6\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u4e14\u7b49\u7ea7\u68ee\u4e25\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u9700\u8981\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u798f\u5c71\u5b8c\u5168\u5426\u5b9a\u6258\u9a6c\u65af&#8226;\u970d\u5e03\u65af\u5173\u4e8e\u65e9\u671f\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e2a\u4f53\u76f8\u4e92\u6b8b\u6740\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u9700\u8981\u56fd\u5bb6\uff08\u5229\u7ef4\u5766\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4f53\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u7406\u6027\u5951\u7ea6\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u4ed6\u65ad\u8a00\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u4ee5\u4e2a\u4eba\u72b6\u6001\u5b58\u5728\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e5f\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u523b\u610f\u81ea\u6211\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u5929\u751f\u5c31\u5177\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u8fbe\u5230\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\u540e\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u5728\u7b14\u8005\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5f3a\u8c03\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u8340\u5b50\u7684\u8bba\u65ad\u5012\u662f\u9887\u6709\u76f8\u901a\u4e4b\u5904\uff08\u300a\u8340\u5b50&#8226;\u738b\u5236\u7bc7\u300b\uff1a\u529b\u4e0d\u82e5\u725b\uff0c\u8d70\u4e0d\u82e5\u9a6c\uff0c\u800c\u725b\u9a6c\u4e3a\u7528\uff0c\u4f55\u4e5f\uff1f\u66f0\uff1a\u4eba\u80fd\u7fa4\uff0c\u5f7c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7fa4\u4e5f\u3002\uff09\u798f\u5c71\u8fd8\u8bc4\u8ff0\u4e86\u66fe\u7ecf\u4ea7\u751f\u8fc7\u91cd\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u5361\u5c14&#8226;\u9b4f\u7279\u592b\uff08Karl Wittfogel\uff09\u7684\u6c34\u5229\u578b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u9b4f\u7279\u592b\u5728\u5176\u8457\u540d\u7684\u300a\u4e1c\u65b9\u4e13\u5236\u4e3b\u4e49\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u66fe\u7ecf\u628a\u7f8e\u7d22\u4e0d\u8fbe\u7c73\u4e9a\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u3001\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u975e\u897f\u65b9\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e13\u5236\u653f\u6cbb\u4f20\u7edf\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e3a\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6c34\u5229\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u50ac\u751f\uff0c\u7ef4\u7279\u592b\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u4e2d\u592e\u96c6\u6743\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u4f53\u5236\u624d\u80fd\u7ba1\u7406\u8fd9\u7c7b\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u8bbe\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6c34\u5229\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u3002\u798f\u5c71\u5bf9\u6b64\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8d28\u7591\u662f\uff1a\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u7c7b\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6c34\u5229\u5de5\u7a0b\u90fd\u662f\u5c0f\u578b\u548c\u672c\u5730\u7684\uff1b\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u5982\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5927\u8fd0\u6cb3\u4e4b\u80fd\u591f\u5efa\u6210\uff0c\u6070\u662f\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u6743\u5efa\u7acb\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u800c\u975e\u5176\u8d77\u56e0\u3002\u798f\u5c71\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u628a\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u4e00\u5e76\u5217\u5165&#8220;\u4e9a\u7ec6\u4e9a\u751f\u4ea7\u65b9\u5f0f&#8221;\uff08\u7b14\u8005\u6ce8\uff1a\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u7ef4\u7279\u592b\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff09\u5e76\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5370\u5ea6\u4f53\u5236\u5316\u7684\u6559\u58eb\u9636\u5c42\u548c\u5b97\u65cf\u52bf\u529b\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d77\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5236\u7ea6\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u800c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5219\u4e0d\u7136\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u798f\u5c71\u628a\u4e2d\u56fd\u770b\u4f5c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6784\u5efa\uff08state building\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a&#8220;\u8303\u4f8b&#8221;\uff08paradigm\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u51fa\u5f88\u591a&#8220;\u73b0\u4ee3\u56fd\u5bb6&#8221;\uff08modern 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