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size=\"3\">&#8220;\u4f5c\u8005\u8bf4\u660e&#8221;\u672c\u6587\u539f\u4e3a\u9999\u6e2f\u4e2d\u6587\u5927\u5b66\u4e2d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u5fc340\u5468\u5e74\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u51b5\u300b\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u5ba3\u8bfb\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u8bba\u6587\uff082004\u5e741\u67086-7\u65e5\uff09\uff0c\u7531\u4f0a\u6d2a\u8bd1\u6210\u4e2d\u6587\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u505a\u4e86\u6700\u540e\u7684\u5ba1\u9605\u548c\u4e0d\u5c11\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p><font size=\"3\">&#8220;\u6ce8\u91ca&#8221;<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p><font size=\"3\">[1]\u89c1\u5b8b\u6c38\u6bc5\u3001\u5b59\u5927\u8fdb\u7684\u300a\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u548c\u5b83\u7684\u5f02\u7aef\u601d\u6f6e\u300b\u3002\u9999\u6e2f\uff1a\u7530\u56ed\u4e66\u5c4b\uff0c1997&#183;<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p><font size=\"3\">[2]&#8220;\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5728\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u6c47\u62a5\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u8bb2\u8bdd&#8221;\uff081964\u5e7410\u670824\u65e5\uff09\uff0c\u89c1Red Guard PublicationsSupplement II\uff08Oakton VA\uff1aCenter for Chinese Research Materials\uff0c1992\uff09\uff0cvol&#183;1\uff0cpp&#183;408-409&#183;<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p><font size=\"3\">[3]\u89c11966\u5e748\u67089\u65e5\u7684\u300a\u4eba\u6c11\u65e5\u62a5\u300b\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p><font size=\"3\">[4]\u89c11966\u5e748\u67089\u65e5\u300111\u65e5\u300113\u65e5\u300114\u65e5\u300117\u65e5\u548c19\u65e5\u7684\u300a\u4eba\u6c11\u65e5\u62a5\u300b\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p><font size=\"3\">[5]Contemporary Chinese Thought\uff08Summer 2001\uff09\uff0cpp&#183;41-43&#183;<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p><font size=\"3\">[6]\u89c1\u300a\u4e95\u5188\u5c71\u300b\u62a5\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u5317\u4eac\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u9769\u547d\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff09\uff0c1968\u5e743\u670827\u65e5\u30014\u670810\u65e5\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p><font size=\"3\">[7]\u7b14\u80051998\u5e74\u5bf9\u674e\u6587\u6ce2\u8bbf\u8c08\u65f6\uff0c\u674e\u6587\u6ce2\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4f0a\u6797\u548c\u6da4\u897f\u7684&#8220;\u516c\u5f00\u4fe1&#8221;\u4e2d\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u76f4\u63a5\u6765\u81ea\u4ed6\u672c\u4eba\u548c\u4e54\u517c\u6b66\u3002\u674e\u6587\u6ce2\u66fe\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f0a\u6797\u548c\u6da4\u897f\u4fee\u6539\u8fc7\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7a3f\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p><font size=\"3\">[8]Michael Schoenhals ed&#183;\uff0cChina&#8217;s Cultural Revolution\uff0c1966-1969\uff1aNot ADinner Party\uff08Armonk\uff0cNY\uff1aM&#183;E&#183;Sharpe\uff0c1996\uff09\uff0cpp&#183;160-161&#183;[9]1967\u5e7412\u670818\u65e5\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5bf9\u5f20\u6625\u6865\u548c\u59da\u6587\u8fdc\u7684\u8c08\u8bdd\uff0c\u300a\u5b66\u4e60\u6587\u9009\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a1969\uff09\uff0c137-138\u9875\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p><font size=\"3\">[10]&#8220;\u7701\u65e0\u8054&#8221;\u662f&#8220;\u6e56\u5357\u7701\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5927\u8054\u5408\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a&#8221;\u7684\u7b80\u79f0\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p><font size=\"3\">[11]&#8220;\u5317\u51b3\u6768&#8221;\u662f\u6b66\u6c49&#8220;\u5317\u6597\u661f\u5b66\u4f1a&#8221;\u3001&#8220;\u51b3\u5fc3\u5c06\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u8fdb\u884c\u5230\u5e95\u7684\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u9769\u547d\u6d3e\u8054\u7edc\u529e&#8221;\u548c&#8220;\u626c\u5b50\u6c5f\u8bc4\u8bba&#8221;\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7b80\u79f0\u7684\u5408\u5e76\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p><font size=\"3\">[12]\u51fa\u5904\u540c\u6ce8[5]\uff0c\u7b2c47\u81f348\u9875\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p><font size=\"3\">[13]\u51fa\u5904\u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u7b2c96\u81f398\u9875\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p><font size=\"3\">[14]\u5f53\u65f6\u6768\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6587\u7ae0\u5305\u62ec&#8220;\u957f\u6c99\u5730\u533a\u77e5\u8bc6\u9752\u5e74\u8fd0\u52a8\u7814\u7a76&#8221;\uff081967\u5e7411\u670816\u65e5\uff09\u3001&#8220;\u5efa\u8bae\u6210\u7acb\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u601d\u60f3\u5c0f\u7ec4&#8221;\uff081967\u5e7410\u6708\uff09\u3001&#8220;\u575a\u6301\u548c\u52a0\u5f3a\u65b0\u601d\u6f6e\u7684\u6218\u7565\u5e94\u5f53\u6539\u53d8&#8221;\uff081968\u5e742\u67081\u65e5\uff09\u7b49\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p><font size=\"3\">[15]\u51fa\u5904\u540c\u6ce8[5]\uff0c\u7b2c78\u9875\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p><font size=\"3\">[16]Wang Shaoguang\uff0c&#8221;New Trend of Thought on the Cultural Revolution&#8221;&#183;Journalof Contemporary China\uff08July 1999\uff09\uff0cpp&#183;197-200&#183;[17]\u636e\u5b98\u65b9\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c1966\u5e748\u6708\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u81f3\u5c11\u6740\u5bb3\u4e861\uff0c781\u540d\u65e0\u8f9c\u4e4b\u4eba\uff0c\u88ab\u8d76\u8d70\u7684\u4eba\u572810\u4e07\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002\u89c1\u738b\u5e74\u4e00\u7684\u300a\u5927\u52a8\u4e71\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u300b\uff08\u90d1\u5dde\uff1a\u6cb3\u5357\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1988\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c13\u9875\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p><font size=\"3\">[18]\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5916\u7701\u7684&#8220;\u8054\u52a8&#8221;\u6210\u5458\u6240\u5199\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0e\u5317\u4eac&#8220;\u8054\u52a8&#8221;\u6210\u5458\u7684\u5171\u540c\u60f3\u6cd5\u548c\u5bf9&#8220;\u6587\u9769&#8221;\u7684\u660e\u786e\u62b5\u5236\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p><font size=\"3\">[19]\u51fa\u5904\u540c\u6ce8[5]\uff0c\u7b2c82\u81f383\u9875\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p><font size=\"3\">[20]\u89c1\u9676\u94c1\u67f1\u7684&#8220;&#8216;\u8054\u52a8&#8217;\u548c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u5c0f\u7ec4&#8221;\uff0c\u8f7d\u5f90\u53cb\u6e14\u7f16\u7684\u300a1966\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u90a3\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u8054\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1998\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c43\u81f372\u9875\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p><font size=\"3\">[21]\u89c1\u4f59\u592b\u3001\u6c6a\u6bd5\u534e\u7f16\uff0c\u300a\u60b2\u6006\u9752\u6625\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u77e5\u9752\u6cea\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u56e2\u7ed3\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1993\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c10\u81f317\u9875\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p><font size=\"3\">[22]Contemporary Chinese Thought\uff08Fall 2001\uff09\uff0cp&#183;27&#183;<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p><font size=\"3\">[23]\u51fa\u5904\u540c\u6ce8[1]\uff0c\u7b2c365\u81f3371\u9875\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p><font size=\"3\">[24]\u51fa\u5904\u540c\u6ce8[5]\uff0c\u7b2c89\u81f390\u9875\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p><font size=\"3\">[25]\u738b\u7ecd\u5149\uff0c&#8220;\u62d3\u5c55\u6587\u9769\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u89c6\u91ce&#8221;\uff0c\u300a\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\u300b\uff081995\u5e7410\u6708\uff09\uff0c101\u9875\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p><font size=\"3\">[26]&#8221;Casting Doubt on the Cornerstone of Our Faith&#8221;\uff0cContemporary ChineseThought\uff08Fall 2001\uff09\uff0cp&#183;62&#183;<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p><font size=\"3\">[27]Liang Heng and Judith Shapiro\uff0cSon of the Revolution\uff08New York\uff1aVintageBooks\uff0c1983\uff09\uff0cp&#183;231&#183;<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p><font size=\"3\">[28]\u5f90\u660e\u65ed\uff0c&#8220;\u518d\u8c08\u6587\u9769\u4e0e\u9020\u53cd\u6d3e&#8221;\uff0c\u300a\u5317\u4eac\u4e4b\u6625\u300b\uff0c1996\u5e74\u7b2c9\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c31\u9875\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p><font size=\"3\">[29]\u8fd9\u4e00\u6570\u5b57\u53d6\u81ea\u4e2d\u56fd\u7248\u672c\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u6240\u7f16\u300a\u5168\u56fd\u5185\u90e8\u53d1\u884c\u56fe\u4e66\u603b\u76ee\uff0c1949\uff0d1989\u300b\u3002\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c40\uff0c1988&#183;[30]\u91d1\u5927\u9646\u7f16\uff0c\u300a\u82e6\u96be\u4e0e\u98ce\u6d41\u300b\uff08\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1994\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c84\u9875\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p><font size=\"3\">[31]\u636e\u7b14\u80051998\u5e74\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u590d\u65e6\u5927\u5b66\u4e0e\u80e1\u5b88\u94a7\u7684\u4ea4\u8c08\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p><font size=\"3\">[32]\u51fa\u5904\u540c\u6ce8[21]\uff0c\u7b2c10\u81f317\u9875\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p><font size=\"3\">[33]\u5362\u53d4\u5b81\uff0c\u300a\u52ab\u7070\u6b8b\u7f16\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u8054\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2000\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c44\u81f345\u9875\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p><font size=\"3\">[34]\u8881\u6d69\u7b49\u7f16\uff0c\u300a\u516b\u8f7d\u79e6\u57ce\u68a6\u300b\uff08\u6210\u90fd\uff1a\u56db\u5ddd\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1993\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c533\u81f3535\u9875\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p><font size=\"3\">[35]\u89c1\u300a\u9769\u547d\u5927\u6279\u5224\u6587\u9009\uff085\uff09\u300b\uff08\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u590d\u65e6\u5927\u5b66\u653f\u5ba3\u7ec4\uff0c1970\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c9\u81f312\u9875\u3001\u7b2c32\u81f337\u9875\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p><font size=\"3\">[36]\u89c1\u6768\u5065\u7684\u300a\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4e0b\u6587\u5b66\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u671d\u82b1\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1993\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c296\u81f3299\u9875\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p><font size=\"3\">[37]\u51fa\u5904\u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u7b2c83\u81f390\u9875\u3001105\u81f3109\u9875\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p><font size=\"3\">[38]\u6731\u5b66\u52e4\uff0c&#8220;\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u5931\u8e2a\u8005&#8221;\uff0c\u300a\u8bfb\u4e66\u300b1995\u5e74\u7b2c10\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c55\u81f358\u9875\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p><font size=\"3\">[39]\u6768\u4e1c\u5e73\uff0c\u300a\u57ce\u5e02\u5b63\u98ce\uff1a\u5317\u4eac\u548c\u4e0a\u6d77\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e1c\u65b9\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1994\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c415\u9875\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p><font size=\"3\">[40]\u9047\u7f57\u514b\u591a\u5e74\u81ea\u5b66\u897f\u65b9\u53e4\u5178\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u5bf9\u4ece\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u5230\u5362\u68ad\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5341\u5206\u719f\u6089\u3002\u5362\u68ad\u8ba8\u8bba\u4eba\u7c7b\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u89c1\u738b\u6668\u3001\u5f20\u5929\u6765\u7684&#8220;\u5212\u7834\u591c\u5e55\u7684\u9668\u661f&#8221;\uff0c\u8f7d1980\u5e7412\u670822\u65e5\u7684\u300a\u5149\u660e\u65e5\u62a5\u300b\uff1b\u53e6\u89c1\u9047\u7f57\u6587\u7684\u300a\u6211\u5bb6\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2000\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c51\u81f399\u9875\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p><font size=\"3\">[41]\u51fa\u5904\u540c\u4e0a\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p><font size=\"3\">[42]\u51fa\u5904\u540c\u6ce8[5]\uff0c\u7b2c17\u300132\u9875\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p><font size=\"3\">[43]\u51fa\u5904\u540c\u6ce8[5]\uff0c\u7b2c25\u9875\u3001\u7b2c34\u81f335\u9875\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p><font size=\"3\">[44]\u51fa\u5904\u540c\u6ce8[36]\uff0c\u7b2c125\u81f3126\u9875\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p><font size=\"3\">[45]\u51fa\u5904\u540c\u6ce8[22]\uff0c\u7b2c52\u81f359\u9875\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p><font size=\"3\">[46]\u51fa\u5904\u540c\u6ce8[22]\uff0c\u7b2c86\u81f3105\u9875\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p><font size=\"3\">[47]\u51fa\u5904\u540c\u4e0a\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p><font size=\"3\">[48]Anita Chan\uff0cStanley Rosen and Unger Jonathan\uff0ced&#183;\uff0cOn Socialist Democracyand the Chinese Legal System\uff1aThe Li Yizhe Debates\uff08Armonk\uff1aM&#183;E&#183;Sharp\uff0c1985\uff09\uff0cpp&#183;77-78&#183;<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p><font size=\"3\">[49]Ibid&#183;\uff0cpp&#183;34-35&#183;<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p><font size=\"3\">[50]Ibid&#183;\uff0cp&#183;71&#183;<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p><font 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[&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-23515","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-thought","et-doesnt-have-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23515","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=23515"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23515\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=23515"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=23515"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=23515"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}