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\u674e\u4e95\u6cc9\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e2d\u592e\u8c03\u7cae\u800c\u843d\u6cea\uff0c\u6211\u65e0\u6cd5\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u8981\u843d\u6cea\u4e5f\u662f\u9cc4\u9c7c\u7684\u773c\u6cea\u3002\u7533\u518d\u671b\u5e0c\u671b\u7528“\u7537\u513f\u6709\u6cea\u4e0d\u8f7b\u5f39\uff0c\u53ea\u56e0\u672a\u5230\u4f24\u5fc3\u5904”\u7684\u53e4\u8bd7\u6765\u535a\u5f97\u8bfb\u8005\u7684\u540c\u60c5\u548c\u5bbd\u8c05\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u4e2d\u5171\u5411\u6765\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u4e0d\u90fd\u662f\u628a\u66b4\u541b\u548c\u5978\u81e3\u6253\u626e\u5316\u5986\u6210“\u7231\u6c11\u5982\u5b50”“\u5168\u5fc3\u5168\u610f\u4e3a\u4eba\u6c11”\uff1f\u5ba3\u4f20\u4e2d\u6367\u7740\u996d\u7897\u6389\u773c\u6cea\u7684\u5468\u6069\u6765\uff0c\u8bf4\u5bf9\u4e0d\u8d77\u8001\u767e\u59d3\uff0c\u8ba9\u4eba\u997f\u6b7b\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u5927\u9965\u8352\u4e2d\u7279\u6279\u7cae\u98df\u7ed9\u8d35\u5dde\u8305\u53f0\u9152\u9152\u5382\u917f\u9020\u4ed6\u7231\u559d\u7684\u8305\u53f0\u9152\uff0c\u8ba9\u5468\u8fb9\u6000\u4ec1\u53bf\u997f\u6b7b\u56db\u4e94\u4e07\u4eba\u3002“\u97a0\u8eac\u5c3d\u7601\u4e3a\u4eba\u6c11”(\u300a\u7ee3\u91d1\u533e\u300b\u6b4c\u8bcd)\u7684\u597d\u603b\u7406\u63a5\u5230\u5927\u9965\u8352\u7cae\u98df\u548c\u4eba\u53e3\u53d8\u52a8\u8868\uff0c\u9a6c\u4e0a\u4e0b\u4ee4\uff1a\u7acb\u5373\u9500\u6bc1\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u5916\u4f20\u3002\u6587\u9769\u4e2d\u88ab\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u6574\u6b7b\uff0c\u706b\u5316\u4e86\u90fd\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u662f\u8c01\u7684\u5218\u5c11\u5947\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff1a“\u4e03\u5206\u4eba\u7978\u4e09\u5206\u5929\u707e\u3002\u4eba\u76f8\u98df\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u8981\u8fdb\u53f2\u7684\u3002”\u4f46\u662f\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u8001\u767e\u59d3\u8fd8\u542c\u8bf4\u8fc7\u4ed6\u6709\u5173\u7cae\u98df\u7684\u9ad8\u8bba\uff1a“\u519c\u6c11\u5403\u9971\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5403\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u5de5\u4eba\u3001\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u5403\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u56fd\u5bb6\u5efa\u8bbe\u62ff\u4ec0\u4e48\u641e\uff1f”\u8a00\u4e0b\u4e4b\u610f\uff0c\u519c\u6c11\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba9\u5403\u9971\u996d\u7684\u3002\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u51fa\u7248\u7269\uff0c\u4e89\u76f8\u520a\u767b\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5728\u5927\u9965\u8352\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5403\u8089\uff0c\u548c\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u4e00\u8d77\u5171\u5ea6\u96be\u5173(\u8bb0\u5f97\u4e00\u90e8\u671d\u9c9c\u7535\u5f71\u4e5f\u6709\u519c\u6c11\u62ff\u8d77\u996d\u7897\u54ed\u7684\u955c\u5934\uff0c\u8bf4\u91d1\u65e5\u6210\u90fd\u5403\u7684\u662f\u7c97\u7cae)\uff0c\u8001\u767e\u59d3\u4e00\u542c\uff0c\u6df1\u53d7\u611f\u52a8\uff0c\u4e3b\u5e2d\u90fd\u4e0d\u5403\u8089\u4e86\uff0c\u54b1\u5403\u7ce0\u54bd\u83dc\u7b97\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u4e8b\u5b9e\u771f\u76f8\u662f\uff0c\u6bdb\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u533b\u751f\u9274\u4e8e\u732a\u8089\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u542b\u91cf\u9ad8\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4ed6\u4ee5\u7d20\u4ee3\u8364\uff0c\u627e\u6765\u4e13\u95e8\u5e08\u5085\u7ed9\u4ed6\u505a\u7531\u9762\u7b4b\u3001\u70e4\u9eb8\u3001\u7d20\u706b\u817f\u3001\u7d20\u9e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u6d3b\u9c7c\u9c9c\u867e\u7b49\u5341\u51e0\u5473\u897f\u9910\u3002\u8001\u767e\u59d3\u5f53\u7136\u542c\u4e0d\u5230\u4f1f\u5927\u9886\u8896\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u8bed\u5f55\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a“\u6b7b\u4e86\u4eba\u597d\uff0c\u6b7b\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u9020\u7caa\u3002”“\u6211\u4eec\u51c6\u5907\u62ff\u51fa\u4e09\u4ebf\u4eba\u6253\u4ed7\u3002”<\/span>

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1958\u5e74\u52301959\u5e74\u6625\u590f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5927\u8dc3\u8fdb\u548c\u4eba\u6c11\u516c\u793e\u51fa\u4e86\u4e71\u5b50\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7ea0\u504f\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u505a\u4e3a\u56db\u5ddd\u7701\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e66\u8bb0\u7684\u674e\u4e95\u6cc9\uff0c\u5374\u5f00“\u9876\u98ce\u8239”\uff0c\u62b5\u5236\u4e2d\u592e\u7684\u7ea0\u504f\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u56db\u5ddd\u8bf4\u4e00\u4e0d\u4e8c\u4f5c\u98ce\u4e13\u6a2a\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u6765\u81ea\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u3002\u5728\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u5c01\u7586\u5927\u540f\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u7684\u53ea\u6709\u674e\u4e95\u6cc9\u548c\u67ef\u5e86\u65bd\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u662f\u4ece“\u6700\u6839\u672c\u5904”\u7406\u89e3\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u81f4\u4f7f\u56db\u5ddd\u7684\u9965\u8352\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u5ef6\u957f\u4e00\u5e74\u4e4b\u4e45\u3002<\/span>

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1999\u5e74\u590f\uff0c\u9093\u6995\u5728\u5199\u4f5c\u300a\u6211\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73──\u6587\u9769\u5c81\u6708\u300b\u65f6\uff0c\u548c\u6211\u901a\u7535\u8bdd\uff0c\u8c08\u5230\u56db\u5ddd\u8c03\u7cae\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u9093\u6995\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\uff0c\u5979\u548c\u6bcd\u4eb2\u90fd\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8bb0\u5f97\uff0c“\u8001\u7237\u5b50”\u5065\u5728\u65f6\uff0c\u66fe\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e00\u6b21\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u56db\u5ddd\u8c03\u7cae\uff0c\u662f\u4e2d\u592e\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u8d23\u4efb\u5728\u4e2d\u592e\uff0c\u4e0d\u5728\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u662f\u96c6\u4f53\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u8d23\u4efb\u5728\u96c6\u4f53\uff0c\u4e0d\u5728\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u592e\u5df2\u7ecf\u4f5c\u8fc7\u660e\u786e\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\uff08\u7533\u518d\u671b\u8bed\uff09<\/blockquote>
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“\u7b97\u51fa\u7cbe\u786e\u6570\u76ee\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u4f30\u7b97\u90fd\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5df2\u516c\u5e03\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u7edf\u8ba1\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u4eba\u53e3\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u4f30\u7b97\u51fa1200\u4e07\u81f33000\u4e07\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6863\u6848\u9986\u5185\u7684\u622a\u81f3\u52301961-62\u5e74\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7531\u516c\u5b89\u5c40\u3001\u7701\u59d4\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f88\u6709\u6743\u529b\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u7ec4\u7f16\u8f91\u7684\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u516c\u5f00\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6709\u6781\u5927\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\uff0c\u76f8\u5dee\u81f3\u5c11\u8fbe50%\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u975e\u5e38\u7ec6\u8282\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a3000\u4e07\u62163200\u4e07\u5e94\u63d0\u5347\u5230\u81f3\u5c114500\u4e07\u4eba\u3002”\u8fd9\u662f\u9999\u6e2f\u5927\u5b66\u4e2d\u56fd\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76\u5b66\u8005\u51af\u5ba2\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8bb0\u8f7d\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u65b0\u4e66\u300a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u5927\u9965\u8352\u300b\u91cc\u3002<\/span>

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“\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u56db\u5ddd\u8c03\u7cae\u52a8\u7528\u8fc7\u6b66\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\u8001\u767e\u59d3\u7684\u7cae\u98df\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u62a2\u8d70\u7684\u3002”<\/span>

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1960\u5e74\uff0c\u7236\u4eb2\u56de\u8fc7\u4e00\u6b21\u5bb6\u4e61\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u519c\u6751\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u4e0a\u5b66\u8981\u8d70\u5f88\u8fdc\u7684\u8def\uff0c\u5c31\u8bf7\u6c42\u5f53\u5730\u653f\u5e9c\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u6240\u6751\u5c0f\uff0c\u5468\u8fb9\u6751\u5b50\u7684\u5b69\u7ae5\u4e5f\u53ef\u5c31\u8fd1\u6765\u8bfb\u4e66\u3002\u5b66\u6821\u5efa\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6df1\u5f97\u6751\u6c11\u4eec\u8d5e\u8bb8\u3002<\/span>

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1969\u5e74\u77e5\u9752\u4e0b\u519c\u6751\uff0c\u6211\u53bb\u4e86\u7236\u4eb2\u7684\u5bb6\u4e61\uff0c\u90a3\u91cc\u662f\u68c9\u82b1\u4ea7\u5730\uff0c\u6211\u624d\u4f53\u4f1a\u5230\u79cd\u68c9\u7684\u4e50\u8da3\uff0c\u8fdc\u80dc\u8fc7\u79cd\u6c34\u7a3b\u3002\u91c7\u6458\u68c9\u82b1\u7684\u5b63\u8282\uff0c\u5929\u7a7a\u603b\u662f\u6e5b\u84dd\u6e5b\u84dd\u7684\uff0c\u9633\u5149\u548c\u7166\uff0c\u6e05\u98ce\u9001\u723d\uff0c\u7a7f\u884c\u5728\u68c9\u7530\u91cc\uff0c\u771f\u662f\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u91cc\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u4eab\u53d7\u3002\u6211\u60f3\u5230\u7236\u4eb2\u5c11\u5e74\u65f6\u5019\u4e5f\u91c7\u6458\u8fc7\u68c9\u82b1\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e00\u6837\u5feb\u4e50\u65e0\u8fb9\u3002<\/span>

“\u6587\u9769”\u4e2d\uff0c\u7236\u4eb2\u8eab\u9677\u7262\u72f1\uff0c\u5374\u4f9d\u7136\u5173\u5fc3\u519c\u6751\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6302\u5ff5\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u30021972\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u6b21\u7533\u8bf7\u5f97\u5230“\u4e0a\u9762\u6279\u51c6”\uff0c\u4ece\u6c5f\u897f\u53bb\u5317\u4eac\u770b\u671b\u4ed6\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u4ed6\u88ab“\u7279\u62a4”\uff0c\u5173\u62bc\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u653f\u6cd5\u5e72\u6821\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u76d1\u72f1\u3002\u89c1\u9762\u7684\u5730\u70b9\u88ab\u5b89\u6392\u5728\u897f\u90ca\u516b\u91cc\u5e84\u4e00\u4e2a\u519b\u8425\uff0c\u4ed6\u6bcf\u6b21\u5750\u8f66\u53bb\uff0c\u8def\u4e0a\u90fd\u8981\u88ab\u8499\u4f4f\u773c\u775b\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4ed6\u88ab\u957f\u671f\u5355\u72ec\u5173\u62bc\uff0c\u6ca1\u4eba\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff0c\u52a0\u4e4b\u8111\u8840\u7ba1\u786c\u5316\uff0c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u529b\u8870\u9000\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u89c1\u9762\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u8ba4\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u51e0\u5144\u59b9\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u5fd8\u8bb0\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u8bb2\u8bdd\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u4e5f\u4e25\u91cd\u9000\u5316\uff0c\u534a\u5929\u8bb2\u4e0d\u51fa\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u3002\u540e\u6765\u89c1\u9762\u6b21\u6570\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u624d\u6709\u597d\u8f6c\u3002<\/span>

\u4ed6\u542c\u8bf4\u6211\u548c\u59b9\u59b9\u5728\u6c5f\u897f\u519c\u6751\u52a1\u519c\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u6211\u4eec\u4f5c\u519c\u6751\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u4e86\u4e00\u5f20\u5f88\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u5355\u5b50\uff0c\u60f3\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u89e3\u653e\u524d\u548c\u5efa\u56fd\u540e\u5531\u51ef\u9547\u3001\u4ed3\u4e0b\u6751\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u6211\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u300a\u6c5f\u897f\u519c\u6751\u8003\u5bdf\u62a5\u544a\u300b\u7ed9\u4ed6\uff0c\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u5bf9\u519c\u6751\u53d7“\u5de6”\u7684\u5e72\u6270\u3001\u519c\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u56f0\u82e6\u4e0d\u582a\u4f5c\u4e86\u5982\u5b9e\u8bb2\u8ff0\u3002\u7236\u4eb2\u770b\u4e86\u540e\u5f88\u4e0d\u6ee1\u610f\uff0c\u7ed9\u6211\u56de\u4e86\u4e00\u5c01\u957f\u4fe1\uff0c\u7528\u94c5\u7b14\u5199\u5728\u6d3b\u9875\u7eb8\u4e0a\uff0c\u8db3\u67097\u9875\u7eb8\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4e00\u751f\u4e2d\uff0c\u7236\u4eb2\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u7ed9\u6211\u5199\u4fe1\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u4fe1\u4e2d\u5bf9\u6211\u53cd\u6620\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u89e3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u88ab\u5173\u62bc\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u5bf9\u5916\u9762\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e00\u65e0\u6240\u77e5\u3002\u5728\u4fe1\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u6279\u8bc4\u6211\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u5bf9\uff0c“\u5f88\u5371\u9669”\u3002\u6211\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u62c5\u5fc3\u6211“\u56e0\u8a00\u83b7\u7f6a”\uff0c\u906d\u5230\u4e0e\u6211\u4e8c\u54e5\u660e\u6e05\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4e0d\u5e78\u3002<\/span>

1973\u5e74\u7236\u4eb2\u88ab“\u89e3\u653e”\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u62c5\u4efb\u7b2c\u56db\u5c4a\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u5927\u526f\u59d4\u5458\u957f\u540e\uff0c\u5230\u8fc7\u4e0d\u5c11\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u519c\u6751\u505a\u8c03\u67e5\u3002\u4ed6\u66fe\u5c31\u4e61\u9547\u4f01\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7ed9\u515a\u4e2d\u592e\u5199\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u62a5\u544a\u30021978\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u5341\u4e00\u5c4a\u4e09\u4e2d\u5168\u4f1a\u4e0a\u53d1\u8a00\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u56db\u4e2a\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u751f\u8ba1\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span>


\u987e\u5168\u5927\u5c40\uff0c\u8c03\u7cae\u51fa\u5ddd<\/span>

\u7236\u4eb2\u524d\u534a\u751f\u4ece\u519b\uff0c\u51fa\u751f\u5165\u6b7b\uff0c\u89e3\u653e\u540e\u4ece\u653f\uff0c\u5386\u4efb\u56db\u5ddd\u7701\u59d4\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e66\u8bb0\u3001\u897f\u5357\u5c40\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e66\u8bb0\u517c\u6210\u90fd\u519b\u533a\u7b2c\u4e00\u653f\u59d4\u3001\u4e09\u7ebf\u5efa\u8bbe\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4efb\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c4a\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u5927\u5e38\u59d4\u526f\u59d4\u5458\u957f\u7b49\u804c\uff0c\u6293\u519c\u6751\u5de5\u4f5c\u6709\u6210\u7ee9\u4e5f\u6709\u6559\u8bad\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4ed6\u603b\u662f\u5766\u7136\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e76\u975e\u4ed6\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u8fc7\u9519\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u56db\u5ddd\u8c03\u7cae\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ed6\u52c7\u4e8e\u627f\u62c5\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u4ece\u4e0d\u63a8\u5378\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eba\u3002“\u6587\u9769”\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u8feb\u5199\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u68c0\u8ba8\uff0c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e5d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ed9\u674e\u4e95\u6cc9\u5199\u4f20\uff0c\u56db\u5ddd\u7701\u59d4\u548c\u6210\u90fd\u5e02\u59d4\u515a\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u7684\u4e24\u4f4d\u540c\u5fd7\u66fe\u67e5\u9605\u8fc7\u4e2d\u592e\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u674e\u6240\u5199\u7684\u6240\u6709\u68c0\u8ba8\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u4ed6\u4f5c\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u6279\u8bc4\u548c\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u6781\u5c11\u5bf9\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u68c0\u4e3e\u63ed\u53d1\u548c\u6307\u8d23\uff0c\u66f4\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u4e91\u4ea6\u4e91\u7684\u5938\u5927\u8a00\u8f9e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4f4d\u515a\u53f2\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u611f\u6982\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ece\u674e\u4e95\u6cc9\u7684\u68c0\u8ba8\u6750\u6599\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u515a\u6027\u548c\u505a\u4eba\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u52a8\u4e71\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u8fd9\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u3002<\/span>

\u56db\u5ddd\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u5927\u7701\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7cae\u98df\u4ea7\u5730\u3002\u4e09\u5e74\u81ea\u7136\u707e\u5bb3\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u56db\u5ddd\u8c03\u51fa147\u4ebf\u65a4\u7cae\u98df\u652f\u63f4\u5168\u56fd\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u4eac\u3001\u6d25\u3001\u6caa\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u4e43\u81f3\u5168\u56fd\u8bb8\u591a\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u7cae\u98df\u4f9b\u5e94\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u56db\u5ddd\u4eba\u6c11\u4e3a\u6b64\u4ed8\u51fa\u4e86\u6c89\u91cd\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u6570\u91cf\u975e\u6b63\u5e38\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u591a\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u56db\u5ddd\u8c03\u7cae\u8fc7\u591a\u3001\u997f\u6b7b\u4eba\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6709\u79cd\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u6279\u8bc4\u7684\u77db\u5934\uff0c\u96c6\u4e2d\u6307\u5411\u56db\u5ddd\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u674e\u4e95\u6cc9\u3002<\/span>

\u5173\u4e8e\u8c03\u7cae\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u662f\u4e2d\u592e\u4f5c\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u4eac\u3001\u6d25\u3001\u6caa\u4e09\u5730\u7cae\u5e93\u544a\u6025\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7cae\u98df\u90e8\u7ed9\u4e2d\u592e\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a“\u5317\u4eac\u3001\u5929\u6d25\u53ea\u67094\u5929\u5b58\u7cae\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u5929\u5b58\u7cae\uff0c\u5982\u4e0d\u7acb\u5373\u91c7\u53d6\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u8d44\u8fd0\u8f93\u8ba9\u8def\uff0c\u51e0\u4e2a\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u51fa\u4e86\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u662f\u5f88\u4e0d\u597d\u7684\u3002”\u4eac\u6caa\u4e00\u65e6\u65ad\u7cae\uff0c\u540e\u679c\u4e0d\u582a\u8bbe\u60f3\uff0c\u56db\u5ddd\u867d\u7136\u6709\u7cae\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u8c03\u51fa\uff0c\u540e\u679c\u4e5f\u5f88\u4e25\u91cd\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6743\u8861\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u51b3\u5b9a\u8981\u56db\u5ddd\u505a\u51fa\u5c40\u90e8\u727a\u7272\u3002\u706b\u6025\u547d\u4ee4\u63a5\u8fde\u4e0d\u65ad\uff0c\u5468\u6069\u6765\u3001\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u3001\u674e\u5148\u5ff5\u90fd\u6253\u6765\u7535\u8bdd\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u56db\u5ddd\u7701\u59d4\u575a\u51b3\u6267\u884c\u4e2d\u592e\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7535\u8bdd\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u8bb0\u5f55\u90fd\u4fdd\u5b58\u81f3\u4eca\u3002<\/span>

1999\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u539f\u56db\u5ddd\u7701\u59d4\u4e66\u8bb0\u3001\u540e\u4efb\u7701\u59d4\u987e\u95ee\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4efb\u7684\u8bb8\u68a6\u4fa0\u5bf9\u6211\u8bf4\uff0c\u7701\u59d4\u4e66\u8bb0\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u4f20\u8fbe\u4e2d\u592e\u51b3\u5b9a\u65f6\uff0c\u4e95\u6cc9\u540c\u5fd7\u843d\u6cea\u4e86\uff0c\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u89c1\u8fc7\u4ed6\u843d\u6cea\uff0c\u597d\u51e0\u4f4d\u4e66\u8bb0\u5728\u7701\u59d4\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\u7b7e\u5b57\u65f6\u90fd\u6389\u4e86\u773c\u6cea\uff0c\u5fc3\u91cc\u90fd\u660e\u767d\u8c03\u8d70\u5927\u6279\u7cae\u98df\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2d\u592e\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u6267\u884c\u7684\u3002<\/span>

\u4e2d\u592e\u8c03\u7cae\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u548c\u5b89\u6392\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u662f\u7edd\u5bc6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u660e\u771f\u76f8\u7684\u5e72\u90e8\u7fa4\u4f17\u5bf9\u6b64\u5f88\u6709\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u674e\u4e95\u6cc9\u4e3a\u4e86\u5411\u4e0a\u8868\u529f\uff0c\u6b3a\u4e0b\u7792\u4e0a\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u51b3\u5b9a\u30021962\u5e74\u4e2d\u592e\u53ec\u5f00\u4e03\u5343\u4eba\u5927\u4f1a\uff0c\u56db\u5ddd\u4ee3\u8868\u56e2\u6709\u4eba\u7ed9\u4e2d\u592e\u5199\u4fe1\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6279\u5224\u674e\u4e95\u6cc9\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u674e\u4e95\u6cc9\u5728\u4f1a\u4e0a\u5c311958\u5e74\u5927\u8dc3\u8fdb\u519c\u6751\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4f5c\u4e86\u68c0\u8ba8\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u5b57\u4e0d\u63d0\u8c03\u7cae\u662f\u4e2d\u592e\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u53ea\u68c0\u8ba8\u56db\u5ddd\u8c03\u7cae\u592a\u591a\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u8981\u8d1f\u4e3b\u8981\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u628a\u6240\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u63fd\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u5934\u4e0a\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u68c0\u8ba8\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u4e0d\u6ee1\u610f\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u68c0\u8ba8\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u3002\u636e\u53c2\u52a0\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u540c\u5fd7\u56de\u5fc6\uff0c\u674e\u4e95\u6cc9\u5728\u68c0\u8ba8\u65f6\u58f0\u6cea\u4ff1\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0e\u4f1a\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u540c\u5fd7\u4e5f\u54ed\u4e86\u3002\u6731\u5fb7\u3001\u5468\u6069\u6765\u3001\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u90fd\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86\u56db\u5ddd\u7ec4\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002\u5468\u6069\u6765\u8bf4\uff1a\u56db\u5ddd\u7cae\u98df\u8c03\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u8d23\u4efb\u5728\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\uff0c\u6211\u662f\u603b\u7406\uff0c\u8d23\u4efb\u5728\u6211\u3002\u6731\u5fb7\u8bf4\uff1a“\u4e95\u6cc9\u540c\u5fd7\u68c0\u67e5\u4e24\u6b21\u4e86\uff0c\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u56db\u5ddd\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u592e\u4e5f\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u8981\u56e2\u7ed3\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u632f\u4f5c\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u6218\u80dc\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u4e89\u53d6\u5de5\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u5c3d\u5feb\u6062\u590d\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6211\u770b\u662f\u5927\u6709\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u3002”<\/span>

\u5173\u4e8e\u56db\u5ddd\u8c03\u7cae\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u540e\u6765\u66fe\u5584\u610f\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u674e\u4e95\u6cc9\u8bf4\uff1a“\u53ea\u6709\u5927\u516c\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5c0f\u6211\u3002”<\/span>

\u6587\u9769\u4e2d\uff0c\u674e\u4e95\u6cc9\u5173\u4e8e\u8c03\u7cae\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8bb2\u8bdd\u53c8\u88ab\u7ffb\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ed6“\u95f9\u72ec\u7acb\u738b\u56fd”\u7684\u5934\u6761\u7f6a\u72b6\u3002\u6839\u636e\u662f\uff1a\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u4e00\u4f4d\u526f\u603b\u7406\u6765\u7535\u8bdd\u8981\u6c42\u589e\u52a0\u8c03\u7cae\uff0c\u674e\u4e95\u6cc9\u4e00\u6025\u4e4b\u4e0b\u8bf4\uff1a“\u4f60\u662f\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\uff0c\u6211\u8fd9\u91cc\u8fd8\u662f\u5c0f\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u5462\u3002”<\/span>

20\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u6709\u4eba\u5f00\u59cb\u5173\u6ce8\u56db\u5ddd\u8c03\u7cae\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u6240\u8c13\u7684“\u77e5\u60c5\u4eba”\u5f00\u59cb\u821e\u6587\u5f04\u58a8\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7b14\u4e0b\uff0c\u56f0\u96be\u65f6\u671f\u56db\u5ddd\u975e\u6b63\u5e38\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u98d9\u5347\u81f3\u4e0a\u5343\u4e07\uff0c\u674e\u4e95\u6cc9\u8c03\u7cae\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7531\u6b64\u4e5f\u4e0a\u5347\u4e3a“\u91cd\u7f6a”\uff0c\u5e76\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e3a“\u957f\u671f\u5b9e\u884c\u5de6\u7684\u8def\u7ebf\u9020\u6210\u7684\u6076\u679c”\u3002\u7236\u4eb2\u5bf9\u6b64\u6de1\u7136\u5904\u4e4b\uff0c\u9ed8\u9ed8\u65e0\u8a00\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u66fe\u6073\u6c42\u4ed6\u5199\u4e00\u7bc7\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\uff0c\u8bb2\u660e\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u539f\u59d4\uff0c\u4ed6\u62d2\u7edd\u5199\uff0c\u5e76\u544a\u77e5\u5168\u5bb6\uff0c\u8c01\u90fd\u4e0d\u8bb8\u5199\u4ed6\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0b\u4e86\u51b3\u5fc3\u81f3\u6b7b\u7531\u81ea\u5df1\u80cc\u8d1f\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u800c\u628a\u7ef4\u62a4\u515a\u4e2d\u592e\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u5a01\u671b\u653e\u5728\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u8c03\u7cae\u7684\u771f\u76f8\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u65c1\u4eba\u8bb2\u8ff0\u5f97\u77e5\u4e00\u4e8c\u3002<\/span>

1989\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u7236\u4eb2\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u4eab\u5e7479\u5c81\u3002\u7236\u4eb2\u53bb\u4e16\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5168\u5bb6\u4eba\u7ecf\u8fc7\u614e\u91cd\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u7ed9\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u540c\u5fd7\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u5c01\u4fe1\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u4e2d\u592e\u5bf9\u674e\u4e95\u6cc9\u7684\u529f\u8fc7\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u6b63\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u8c03\u7cae\u95ee\u9898\u7ed9\u4e88\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u5c0f\u5e73\u540c\u5fd7\u5bf9\u8fd9\u5c01\u4fe1\u4f5c\u4e86\u6279\u793a\uff0c\u8bf7\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4e2d\u529e\u4e3b\u4efb\u6e29\u5bb6\u5b9d\u540c\u5fd7\u9605\u529e\u3002\u4e2d\u529e\u548c\u4e2d\u987e\u59d4\u968f\u4e4b\u6d3e\u4eba\u767b\u95e8\uff0c\u542c\u53d6\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u65e5\u62a5\u53d1\u8868\u300a\u674e\u4e95\u6cc9\u540c\u5fd7\u751f\u5e73\u300b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff1a“1960\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u674e\u4e95\u6cc9\u540c\u5fd7\u4efb\u4e2d\u5171\u897f\u5357\u5c40\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e66\u8bb0\u517c\u6210\u90fd\u519b\u533a\u7b2c\u4e00\u653f\u59d4\u3002\u4ed6\u4e3a\u6211\u56fd\u897f\u5357\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5404\u9879\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e8b\u4e1a\uff0c\u5455\u5fc3\u6ca5\u8840\uff0c\u8270\u82e6\u594b\u6597\uff0c\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u6210\u5c31”\uff0c“\u4ed6\u4e3a\u4eba\u6b63\u76f4\uff0c\u895f\u6000\u5766\u767d\uff0c\u4e0d\u9690\u7792\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u5931\u8bef\uff0c\u52c7\u4e8e\u627f\u62c5\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u4ed6\u5149\u660e\u78ca\u843d\uff0c\u575a\u6301\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u987e\u5168\u5927\u5c40\u3002”\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u7ed9\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u6700\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3002<\/span>

1999\u5e74\u590f\uff0c\u9093\u6995\u5728\u5199\u4f5c\u300a\u6211\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73──\u6587\u9769\u5c81\u6708\u300b\u65f6\uff0c\u548c\u6211\u901a\u7535\u8bdd\uff0c\u8c08\u5230\u56db\u5ddd\u8c03\u7cae\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u9093\u6995\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\uff0c\u5979\u548c\u6bcd\u4eb2\u90fd\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8bb0\u5f97\uff0c“\u8001\u7237\u5b50”\u5065\u5728\u65f6\uff0c\u66fe\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e00\u6b21\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u56db\u5ddd\u8c03\u7cae\uff0c\u662f\u4e2d\u592e\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u8d23\u4efb\u5728\u4e2d\u592e\uff0c\u4e0d\u5728\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u662f\u96c6\u4f53\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u8d23\u4efb\u5728\u96c6\u4f53\uff0c\u4e0d\u5728\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u592e\u5df2\u7ecf\u4f5c\u8fc7\u660e\u786e\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002<\/span>

2007\u5e7412\u6708\uff0c\u6211\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u3001\u539f\u8d39\u6b63\u6e05\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4efb\u3001\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u95ee\u9898\u4e13\u5bb6\u5085\u9ad8\u4e49\uff08Ezra Vogel\uff09\u6709\u8fc7\u957f\u8fbe\u4e00\u6574\u5929\u7684\u8c08\u8bdd\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u56db\u5ddd\u8c03\u7cae\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5085\u9ad8\u4e49\u8bf4\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u6709\u8fc7\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u56db\u5ddd\u8c03\u7cae\u7684\u7d27\u8feb\u6027\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u51e1\u662f\u8ba4\u771f\u7814\u7a76\u8fc7\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u76f8\u4fe1\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4e0a\u5343\u4e07\u4eba\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u3002\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u56db\u5ddd\u8c03\u7cae\u52a8\u7528\u8fc7\u6b66\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\u8001\u767e\u59d3\u7684\u7cae\u98df\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u62a2\u8d70\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4f4d\u6559\u6388\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4ee4\u6211\u6df1\u601d\u3002<\/span>

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\u7236\u4eb2\u7684\u8a00\u4f20\u8eab\u6559<\/span>

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