{"id":26620,"date":"2012-04-07T13:19:00","date_gmt":"2012-04-07T13:19:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:10081\/?p=26620 "},"modified":"2012-04-07T13:19:00","modified_gmt":"2012-04-07T13:19:00","slug":"26620-revision-v1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/?p=26620","title":{"rendered":"\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\uff1a\u5723\u5fc3\u5bfa\u548c\u201c\u66b4\u6c11\u6050\u60e7\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4e00<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u6211\u591a\u6b21\u5230\u8fc7\u5df4\u9ece\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u53bb\u8fc7\u5723\u5fc3\u5bfa\uff08Basilica of the Sacred Heart of Paris\uff09\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u4e0d\u592a\u559c\u6b22\u90a3\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u5bfa\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u975e\u770b\u4e0d\u53ef\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u827a\u672f\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6b64\u6559\u5802\u975e\u770b\u4e0d\u53ef\u7684\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u4e16\u4fd7\u653f\u6cbb\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u5723\u5fc3\u5bfa\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5df4\u9ece\u7684\u5236\u9ad8\u70b9——\u8499\u9a6c\u7279\u9ad8\u5730\u3002\u8be5\u9ad8\u5730\u5468\u56f4\u6709\u70b9\u50cf\u8001\u5317\u4eac\u7684\u5929\u6865\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e5d\u6d41\u4e09\u6559\u835f\u8403\u4e4b\u5730\u3002\u5356\u5531\u7684\uff0c\u753b\u753b\u513f\u7684\uff0c\u6d0b\u6742\u800d\uff0c\u9157\u9152\u8005\uff0c\u8857\u6df7\u6df7\uff0c“\u7ea2\u78e8\u574a”\u7b49\u7b49\u90fd\u6709\u3002\u4e00\u5ea780\u7c73\u5bbd80\u7c73\u9ad8\u7684\u5927\u6559\u5802\uff0c\u7a81\u7136\u5728\u6b64\u62d4\u5730\u800c\u8d77\uff0c\u6b63\u895f\u5371\u5750\uff0c\u548c\u5468\u56f4\u4e0d\u5f88\u534f\u8c03\u3002\u5927\u6559\u5802\u7684\u989c\u8272\u65e5\u95f4\u662f\u4e00\u5927\u7247\u4e27\u4e8b\u72b6\u7684\u715e\u767d\uff0c\u665a\u4e0a\u662f\u60e8\u767d\uff0c\u770b\u7740\u762e\u5f97\u614c\uff0c\u4e0e\u5df4\u9ece\u7684\u5f00\u6717\u7684\u8272\u5f69\u683c\u8c03\u4e0d\u534f\u8c03\u3002\u5723\u5fc3\u5bfa\u95e8\u524d\u7684\u4e00\u5c0a\u94dc\u50cf\uff0c\u662f\u9a91\u9a6c\u4e3e\u528d\u7684\u5723\u5973\u8d1e\u5fb7\uff0c\u4e5f\u4ee4\u4eba\u611f\u89c9\u602a\u602a\u7684\uff0c\u600e\u9ebd\u7528\u4e00\u5458\u5973\u5c06\u5f53\u770b\u95e8\u7684\uff1f\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\uff0c\u5728\u5f25\u52d2\u4f5b\u5bfa\u95e8\u53e3\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528\u54fc\u54c8\u4e8c\u5c06\u5f53\u95e8\u8b66\uff0c\u800c\u5851\u4e00\u5c0a\u7acb\u9a6c\u6a2a\u5200\u7684\u82b1\u6728\u5170\uff0c\u4e0d\u5408\u9002\u5427\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u4e5f\u8bb8\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u8981\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u7ed9\u4f60\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u534f\u8c03\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u5723\u5fc3\u5bfa\u4e0d\u540c\u4e00\u822c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5802\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u6548\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u5f25\u6492\uff0c\u5fcf\u6094\uff0c\u6d17\u793c\uff0c\u5723\u9910\uff0c\u5a5a\u4e27\u5178\u793c\uff0c\u5c01\u5723\uff0c\u6216\u52a0\u5195\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9547\u90aa\uff0c\u538b\u90aa\uff0c\u53bb\u90aa\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

“\u90aa”\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f1871\u5e74\u4e3a\u65f6\u4e24\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u5df4\u9ece\u516c\u793e\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u5bf91871\u5df4\u9ece\u516c\u793e\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u6709“\u6b63”“\u90aa”\u4e24\u79cd\u6781\u7aef\u3002\u4e0a\u5927\u5b66\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u88ab\u6559\u5bfc\u8bf4\uff0c1871\u5df4\u9ece\u516c\u793e\u662f\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u521b\u4e3e\uff0c\u662f\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u9769\u547d\u548c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u539f\u578b\u3002\u5728\u5723\u5fc3\u5bfa\uff0c\u516c\u793e\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u7fa4\u6076\u68cd\u548c\u65e0\u8d56\u4eec\u7684“\u6b47\u65af\u5e95\u91cc\u72c2\u70ed”\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u8fd9\u5f88\u50cf\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u542c\u5230\u7684\u5173\u4e8e“\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd”\u7684\u4e24\u6781\u8bc4\u4ef7\u30021951\u5e74\uff0c\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u8d77\u4e8b\u4e00\u767e\u5e74\uff0c\u7eaa\u5ff5\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e0a\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u90fd\u662f“\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u519c\u6c11\u9769\u547d”\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u800c\u5728\u7956\u6bcd\u7b49\u957f\u6211\u4e24\u8f88\u4eba\u7684\u53e3\u4e2d\u542c\u5230\u7684\u662f\uff0c“\u957f\u6bdb”\u662f\u65e0\u6076\u4e0d\u505a\u7684\u5f3a\u76d7\uff0c\u571f\u532a\u3002\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u676d\u5609\u6e56\u4e00\u5e26\uff0c\u5413\u552c\u5c0f\u5b69\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e60\u60ef\u7528\u8bed\u662f\uff0c“\u522b\u95f9\u4e86\uff0c\u957f\u6bdb\u6765\u4e86\uff01”<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u5df4\u9ece\u516c\u793e\u5931\u8d25\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6cd5\u519b\u5f00\u59cb\u5927\u5c60\u6740\uff0c\u5176“\u89c4\u6a21\u4e4b\u5927\uff0c\u5728\u6587\u660e\u7684\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f53\u4e2d\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8bae\u7684”[1]\u3002  \u5c3d\u7ba1\u88ab\u6740\u622e\u76843 – 5\u4e07\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u516c\u793e\u793e\u5458\u3002\u5723\u5fc3\u5bfa\u6240\u8981\u9547\u7684\u90aa\uff0c\u5374\u662f\u4e13\u6307\u516c\u793e\u793e\u5458\u3002\u516c\u793e\u88ab\u5723\u5fc3\u5bfa\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u6781\u7aef\u7ec4\u7ec7\u717d\u52a8\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u66b4\u6c11\u72c2\u70ed\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u66b4\u6c11\u81ea\u5df1\u88ab\u5c60\u30021872\u5e74\uff0c\u4e3a\u9632\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u518d\u53d1\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u5171\u548c\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u8bae\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7981\u6b62\u6781\u7aef\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u8bae\u6848\u3002\u6781\u7aef\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e3b\u8981\u6307\u7684\u662f\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5373\u4e3b\u5f20\u5e9f\u9664\u8d22\u4ea7\u79c1\u6709\u5236\u7684\u5404\u653f\u6cbb\u6d41\u6d3e\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

2010\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e94\u5171\u548c\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u8bae\u4f1a\u518d\u6b21\u91cd\u7533\uff0c\u5723\u5fc3\u5bfa\u662f\u4e3a\u5df4\u9ece\u516c\u793e\u793e\u5458\u6240\u72af\u4e0b\u7f6a\u884c\u6d88\u5b7d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u5723\u5fc3\u5bfa\u5982\u4eca\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5723\u5fc3\u5bfa\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9“\u66b4\u6c11\u653f\u6cbb”\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u3002<\/strong><\/strong><\/font><\/p>\r\n

<\/strong>\u4e8c<\/strong><\/strong><\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u5728\u897f\u65b9\uff0c“\u66b4\u6c11\u6050\u60e7”\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u4e9a\u91cc\u65af\u591a\u5fb7\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u4e9a\u6c0f\u8457\u6709“\u8bba\u7269\u7406”\uff0c\u5171\u516b\u5377\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u8bba\u65ad\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fc7\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u4e9a\u6c0f\u8457\u6709“\u8bba\u653f\u6cbb”\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u516b\u5377\u3002\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u88ab\u9057\u5fd8\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\u5c31\u662f“\u66b4\u6c11\u653f\u6cbb”\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u4e9a\u91cc\u65af\u591a\u5fb7\u8ba4\u4e3a“\u7531\u4f18\u79c0\u8005\u6240\u4e3b\u6301\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u624d\u662f\u6700\u597d\u7684”\uff08\u672c\u8282\u7684\u5f15\u6587\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u51fa\u81ea\u4e9a\u6c0f“\u8bba\u653f\u6cbb”\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u4e00\u4e00\u6807\u660e\uff09\u3002\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u4e9a\u6c0f\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u57ce\u90a6\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236——\u541b\u4e3b\u653f\u4f53\uff0c\u8d35\u65cf\u653f\u4f53\u548c\u5171\u548c\u653f\u4f53\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff1a\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u4f53\u662f\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u8150\u8d25\uff0c\u53d8\u8d28\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4e9a\u6c0f\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e09\u79cd“\u8150\u8d25\u653f\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\uff08\u5171\u548c\u653f\u4f53\uff09\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b97\u592a\u574f”\u3002\u5171\u548c\u653f\u4f53\u57fa\u4e8e\u5baa\u6cd5\u548c\u8bae\u4f1a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u4e0e\u4e0b\u8ff0“\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u5e73\u7b49”\u89c2\u5ff5\u76f8\u5bb9\uff1a“\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\uff0c\u4eba\u4eba\u5747\u6709\u6cbb\u7406\u548c\u88ab\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u673a\u4f1a”\u3002\u53ea\u5728\u5171\u548c\u653f\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\uff08\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\uff09\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0“\u4eba\u4eba\u5747\u6709\u6cbb\u7406……\u7684\u673a\u4f1a”\u3002\u4e9a\u6c0f\u8bf4“\u6ca1\u6709\u7406\u7531\u8001\u662f\u628a\u4e0a\u7b49\u7684\u7b1b\u5b50\u7ed9\u51fa\u8eab\u9ad8\u8d35\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u7ed9\u7cbe\u4e8e\u7b1b\u827a\u7684\u5439\u7b1b\u8005\u3002\u524d\u8005\u4e0d\u89c1\u5f97\u4f1a\u5584\u52a0\u5229\u7528”\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684“\u4eba\u4eba”\u548c“\u5439\u7b1b\u8005”\u5747\u662f\u6307\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\uff0c\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u5974\u96b6\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u4e16\u4e8b\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u7684\uff0c\u4e9a\u6c0f\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8bf4“\u6700\u597d\u7684\u53cd\u9762\u4e43\u662f\u6700\u574f\u7684”\u3002\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u8d70\u5411\u53cd\u9762\uff0c\u4e43\u662f“\u66b4\u541b\u7edf\u6cbb”\uff1b\u8d35\u65cf\u653f\u4f53\u8d70\u5411\u53cd\u9762\uff0c\u4e43\u662f“\u5be1\u5934\u653f\u6cbb”\u3002\u5171\u548c\u653f\u4f53\u7684\u53cd\u9762\uff0c\u5219\u662f demagogy —— \u88ab\u717d\u52a8\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u66b4\u6c11\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u7a77\u4eba\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u4f17\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u89c1\u8bc6\u5c11\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6559\u517b\uff0c\u62d9\u4e8e\u4ef7\u503c\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9009\u4e3e\u6743\u6269\u53ca\u5230\u7a77\u4eba\uff0c\u653f\u6743\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7531\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u717d\u52a8\u7684\u4eba\u4e3b\u5bfc\uff0c\u96be\u514d\u4e0d\u8d70\u706b\u5165\u9b54\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662fdemagogy\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

“\u66b4\u6c11\u653f\u6cbb”\u540c“\u66b4\u541b\u653f\u6cbb”\u548c“\u5be1\u5934\u653f\u6cbb”\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u90fd\u662f“\u66b4”\u3002“\u66b4\u541b”\u548c“\u5be1\u5934”\u653f\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c“\u66b4\u541b”\u548c“\u5be1\u5934”\u662f\u65bd“\u66b4”\u7684\u6e90\u5934\u3002\u800cdemagogy\u4e2d\u7684\u66b4\uff0c\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u7406\u6027\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\uff0c\u8d70\u5165\u6df7\u4e71\uff0c\u5931\u5e8f\uff0c\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u6253\u6597\uff0c\u6d41\u8840\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e9a\u6c0f\u7684“demagogy\u6050\u60e7”\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u540e\u4e16\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u91cd\u590d\u9610\u8ff0\u8fc7\u4e9a\u6c0f\u7684“\u66b4\u6c11\u5fe7\u8651”\uff1a\u5baa\u6cd5\u548c\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u4f53\u4e0d\u5815\u843d\u4e3ademagogy\uff0c\u666e\u9009\u5236\u66f4\u662f\u901a\u5411demagogy\u4e4b\u8def\u3002\u5728\u897f\u6b27\uff0c\u4ece\u5eb7\u5fb7\uff0c\u7f57\u7d20…..\u5230\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\u7b49\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u5bf9\u6c11\u4e3b\u90fd\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u8d1f\u9762\u4e4b\u8bcd\u3002“\u6c11\u4e3b……\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u662f\u77db\u76fe\u7684”\uff0c“\u6c11\u4e3b\u662f\u8f83\u4f4e\u7ea7\u7684\u653f\u4f53”\uff0c“\u6c11\u4e3b\u4f53\u5236\u9020\u5c31\u516c\u4f17\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u4f2a\u5584”\uff0c“\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u4f17\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210\u9b54\u9b3c\u5f0f\u7684\u543c\u53eb”\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u6700\u5c16\u9510\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5c3c\u91c7\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u9009\u4e3e\u5236\uff0c\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\uff0c\u5c31\u662f“\u4f7f\u7272\u53e3\u53d8\u6210\u4e3b\u4eba”\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

1871\u5e74\u5df4\u9ece\u516c\u793e\u4e00\u4eba\u4e00\u7968\u9009\u4e3e\u5236\uff0c\u88ab\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7f8e\u8a89\u4e3a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6c11\u4e3b\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u96cf\u5f62\u3002\u5723\u5fc3\u5bfa\u5219\u8bf4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e0d\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u800c\u662fdemagogy\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u90aa\u4e86\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

<\/em>\u4e09<\/font><\/p>\r\n

Demagogy\u4e00\u5b57\u81f3\u4eca\u6ca1\u6709\u4e2d\u8bd1\u540d\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2a\u65b0\u5b57\u3002\u60f3\u641c\u5bfb\u4e2d\u6587\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\u6709\u5173demagogy\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u65e0\u4ece\u4e0b\u624b\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6587\u7ae0\uff1f\u4e0d\u5bf9\uff0c\u56de\u60f3\u4e00\u4e0b\u5c31\u53d1\u73b0\uff0cdemagogy\u7684\u8bba\u65ad\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u4f3c\u66fe\u76f8\u8bc6\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u5728\u8bfe\u5802\u91cc\u6b63\u6b63\u7ecf\u7ecf\u5730\u5b66\u8fc7\u5462\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

<\/em>\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u7684\u5317\u5927\uff0c“\u8054\u5171\uff08\u5e03\uff09\u515a\u53f2”\u4e5f\u662f\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u5fc5\u4fee\u8bfe\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u8fd8\u6d3e\u6765\u4e00\u4e9b“\u8054\u5171\u515a\u53f2”\u4e13\u5bb6\uff0c\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6559\u5e08\uff08\u5927\u90fd\u6765\u81ea\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u7cfb\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u6587\u7cfb\u79d1\uff09\u8bb2\u6388“\u8054\u5171\u515a\u53f2”\uff0c\u6559\u6750\u662f “\u8054\u5171\uff08\u5e03\uff09\u515a\u53f2\u7b80\u660e\u6559\u7a0b”\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u51fa\u7248\u7684“\u6559\u7a0b”\u4e00\u4e66\u5f88\u4fbf\u5b9c\uff0c\u5728\u738b\u5e9c\u4e95\u5927\u8857\u7684\u5916\u6587\u4e66\u5e97\u6709\u5356\uff0c\u4e24\u6839\u5976\u6cb9\u51b0\u68cd\u7684\u94b1\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e70\u4e00\u672c\u3002\u6211\u524d\u540e\u4e70\u8fc7\u4e09\u672c\uff0c\u4e00\u672c\u4e2d\u6587\uff0c\u4e00\u672c\u4fc4\u6587\uff0c\u4e00\u672c\u82f1\u6587\u3002\u8003\u8bd5\u4e5f\u4e0d\u96be\uff0c\u7b54\u9898\u5207\u5fcc\u521b\u9020\u6027\u3002\u8981\u5b66\u4f1a\u80cc\u4e66\u3002\u5173\u952e\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u80cc\u5f97\u4e00\u5b57\u4e0d\u5dee\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u6ee1\u5206\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u8fd8\u8bb0\u5f97“\u6559\u7a0b”\u4e2d\u7684\u6709\u5173\u8bed\u53e5\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

“\u8054\u5171\u515a\u53f2”\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6279\u5224\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u4fc4\u56fd\u7684\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u6c11\u7cb9\u6d3e\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u4fc4\u56fd\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u548c\u6539\u9769\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u9760“\u519c\u6c11\u516c\u793e”\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

“\u8054\u5171\u515a\u53f2”\u6279\u5224\u8bf4\uff0c“\u867d\u7136\u519c\u6c11\u4eba\u6570\u4f17\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u540c\u6700\u843d\u540e\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373\u5c0f\u751f\u4ea7\u76f8\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u8fdc\u5927\u524d\u9014……”\uff08\u672c\u8282\u5f15\u6587\u5927\u591a\u53d6\u81ea“\u8054\u5171\uff08\u5e03\uff09\u515a\u53f2\u7b80\u660e\u6559\u7a0b”\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u4e00\u4e00\u6807\u660e\uff09\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6b63\u5b97\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5373“\u8054\u5171\u515a\u53f2”\u65ad\u8a00\uff0c\u519c\u6c11\u662f\u52b3\u82e6\u5927\u4f17\u4e2d\u6700\u843d\u540e\u800c\u53c8\u65e0\u524d\u9014\u7684\u4e00\u7c7b\u3002\u54ea\u80fd\u4f9d\u9760\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u95f9\u9769\u547d ?<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u5728\u6279\u5224\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8bfe\u4e0b\u76db\u4f20\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684“\u7fa4\u4f17\u8def\u7ebf”\u88ab\u82cf\u8054\u6765\u7684“\u8054\u5171\u515a\u53f2”\u4e13\u5bb6\u4eec\u4e3e\u4f8b\u4e3a\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u6bdb\u7684“\u4f9d\u9760\u519c\u6c11”\u8def\u7ebf\u88ab\u8ba4\u5b9a\u540c\u4fc4\u56fd\u6c11\u7cb9\u6d3e\u8def\u7ebf\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5728\u8054\u5171\uff08\u5e03\uff09\u4e13\u5bb6\u7684\u53e3\u91cc\uff0c\u6bdb\u662f\u6c11\u7cb9\u6d3e\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u6559\u5e08\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u8bfe\u5802\u4e0a\u8bf4\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u653f\u7b56\u4e0a\uff0c\u6bdb\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4e0d\u662f“\u4f9d\u9760\u519c\u6c11”\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u56de\u4e8b\u4e86\u3002\u53cd\u6b63\u8054\u5171\uff08\u5e03\uff09 \u4e13\u5bb6\u4eec\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u61c2\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u5728\u7b54“\u8054\u5171\u515a\u53f2”\u8003\u8bd5\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u8981\u5c0f\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u7528\u6bdb\u6c0f\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u53bb\u7b54“\u8054\u5171\u515a\u53f2”\u7684\u8003\u9898\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u662f\u5148\u8fdb\u9636\u7ea7\uff1f\u4e5f\u662f\u4e2aX \u8bdd\u3002\u6b63\u5b97\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u8ba4\u4e3a  “\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u672c\u6765\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u610f\u8bc6\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u5916\u9762\u704c\u8f93\u8fdb\u53bb……”\u3002 \u4ea6\u5373\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u81ea\u8eab\u4e5f\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e“\u76f2”\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u81ea\u89c9\u7684\u5148\u8fdb\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\u5148\u8fdb\u610f\u8bc6\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u5916\u9762\u704c\u8f93\u5230\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u4e2d\u8fdb\u53bb\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u6b63\u5b97\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u548c\u519c\u6c11\u52a0\u8d77\u6765\u6700\u591a\u8d70\u5230\u5de5\u8054\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u519c\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u4ea7\u751f\u8ffd\u6c42\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u8981\u8bf4\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u60f3\u4e86\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u8fd9\u662f\u5c31\u662f demagogy \u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u610f\u601d\uff1a\u5de5\u519c\u5927\u4f17\u4eba\u6570\u867d\u4f17\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u8d2b\u4e4f\uff0c\u773c\u5149\u77ed\u6d45\uff0c\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e3a\u60e7\u3002\u5bf9\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u79c1\u6709\u8d22\u4ea7\u5236\u4e0a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5a01\u80c1\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c42\u610f\u601d\u540c\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u94c1\u8840\u5bb0\u76f8\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6\u5bf9\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u4f30\u8ba1\u5012\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u666e\u9009\u5236\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u5e76\u65e0\u5927\u788d\u3002\u519c\u6c11\u5728\u5927\u4e8b\u4e0a\u5411\u6765\u652f\u6301\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u56fd\u738b\u6216\u8005\u7687\u5e1d\u3002\u666e\u9009\u5c06\u4f1a\u52a0\u5f3a\u53f3\u6d3e\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5de6\u6d3e\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

Demagogy\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff1a\u7a77\u4eba\u5927\u4f17\u5bb9\u6613\u5931\u53bb\u7406\u6027\uff08\u6216\u672c\u6765\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u7406\u6027\uff09\uff0c\u6613\u4e8e\u88ab\u717d\u52a8\u800c\u8d70\u5165“\u90aa”\u95e8\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u6781\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u5df4\u9ece\u516c\u793e\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u6700\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u662f\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u84b2\u9c81\u4e1c\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u8a00\u662f“\u8d22\u4ea7\u6743\u5373\u76d7\u7a83”\uff0c\u5b83\u5bf9\u7a77\u82e6\u5927\u4f17\u6781\u5177\u717d\u52a8\u529b\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u7a77\u82e6\u5927\u4f17\u8ba4\u771f\u5b9e\u884c\u84b2\u9c81\u4e1c\u7684\u540d\u8a00\uff0c\u5265\u593a\u76d7\u7a83\u8005\u7684\u76d7\u7a83\u8d22\u7269\uff0c\u79c1\u6709\u4ea7\u6743\u793e\u4f1a\u80fd\u4e0d\u6b47\u65af\u5e95\u91cc\u5417\uff1f\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u8457\u6709“\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5185\u6218”\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u662f\u5bf91871\u5e74\u5df4\u9ece\u516c\u793e\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u3002\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\uff0c\u5df4\u9ece\u516c\u793e\u5f53\u5c40\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u5931\u8bef\u662f\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u53ca\u65f6\u5730\u6ca1\u6536\uff08\u5265\u593a\uff09\u94f6\u884c\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u5927\u5c0f\u6709\u4ea7\u8005\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u79c1\u6709\u8d22\u4ea7\uff0c\u90fd\u53ca\u65f6\u8f6c\u79fb\u51fa\u5df4\u9ece\u4e86\u3002\u4ea6\u5373\uff0c\u5df4\u9ece\u516c\u793e\u6267\u884c\u84b2\u9c81\u4e1c\u7684\u540d\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0d\u591f\u8fc5\u901f\u548c\u5f7b\u5e95\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

“\u8054\u5171\u515a\u53f2”\u8ba4\u540c\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5b83\u8bf4\uff1a\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u628a\uff08\u53d6\u6d88\u8d22\u4ea7\u79c1\u6709\u5236\u7684\uff09\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3“\u4ece\u5916\u9762\u704c\u8f93”\u5230\u5de5\u519c\u5927\u4f17\u4e2d\u53bb\u3002“\u717d\u52a8”\u5373\u662f\u4e00\u79cd“\u704c\u8f93”\u3002\u7528“\u4ece\u5916\u9762\u704c\u8f93\u8fdb\u53bb”\u4e00\u8bed\u5f62\u5bb9\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u529b\u884c\u8005\u4e0e\u5de5\u519c\u5927\u4f17\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u662f\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u672c\u4eba\u9996\u7528\u7684\u3002\u5de5\u519c\u5927\u4f17\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u704c\u8f93\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5e94\u5f53\u88ab\u704c\u8f93\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u704c\u8f93\u7684\u3002 “\u704c\u8f93\u8bba”\u662f\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7cbe\u9ad3\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u90e8\uff0c\u5373\u4e3a\u704c\u8f93\u90e8\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u5217\u5b81\u8bf4\u5f97\u66f4\u76f4\u622a\u4e86\u5f53\uff08\u5fd8\u4e86\u51fa\u5904\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u4fc4\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u767e\u4e2a\u5fd7\u540c\u9053\u5408\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u5bb6\u5c31\u8db3\u591f\u4e86\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u767e\u4e2a\u804c\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u5bb6\u80fd\u5230\u5de5\u519c\u5927\u4f17\u91cc\u53bb\u704c\u8f93\uff0c\u5ba3\u4f20\uff0c\u9f13\u52a8\uff0c\u5c31\u8db3\u4ee5\u717d\u8d77\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u628a\u4fc4\u56fd\u7ffb\u8fc7\u6765\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

“\u8054\u5171\u515a\u53f2”\u7b2c\u516d\uff0c\u4e03\u7ae0\u63cf\u5199\u7684\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u5927\u4f53\u5c31\u662f\u6309\u5217\u5b81\u7684\u8def\u7ebf\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002\u5728\u6c99\u7687\u5236\u4e0b\uff0c\u5217\u5b81\u548c\u4ed6\u7684“\u4e00\u767e\u4e2a”\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u540c\u5fd7\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u516c\u5f00\u5730\u704c\u8f93\uff0c\u5ba3\u4f20\u548c\u9f13\u52a8\u3002\u4ee5\u81f4\u5217\u5b81\u5728\u56fd\u5916\u9017\u7559\u4e8617\u5e74\u3002\u6839\u636eKGB \u516c\u5f00\u7684\u6863\u6848\uff0c\u804c\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u5bb6\u4eec\u5728\u56fd\u5916\u671f\u95f4\u90fd\u6709\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u8d22\u6e90\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bd3\u5c45\u4e8e\u67cf\u6797\uff0c\u5df4\u9ece\uff0c\u548c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u5361\u666e\u91cc\u5c9b\u7b49\u5730 [2] \u30021917\u5e74\u4fc4\u53862\u6708\uff0c\u4fc4\u56fd\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u9769\u547d\u6210\u529f\uff0c<\/font>\u6c99\u7687<\/font><\/u><\/a>\u900a\u4f4d<\/font><\/u><\/a>\uff0c\u4ee3\u8bae\u5236\uff08\u675c\u9a6c\uff09\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u653f\u5e9c\u638c\u6743\u3002\u5217\u5b81\u4e8e4\u6708\u5c31\u56de\u5230\u56fd\u5185\u3002\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u4f53\u5236\u4e0b\uff0c“\u4e00\u767e\u4e2a”\u804c\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u5bb6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u516c\u5f00\u5730\u6216\u534a\u516c\u5f00\u5730\u5230\u5de5\u5382\u53bb\u5ba3\u4f20\uff0c\u704c\u8f93\u548c\u717d\u52a8\u4e86\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c“\u4e00\u5207\u653f\u6743\u5f52\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\uff01”\u53e3\u53f7\u83b7\u5f97\u5de5\u4eba\u5927\u4f17\u8ba4\u540c\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u6324\u57ae\u4e86\u675c\u9a6c\uff0c\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u593a\u5f97\u653f\u6743\uff0c\u4fc4\u56fd\u7ffb\u8fc7\u6765\u4e86\u3002\u653b\u6253\u51ac\u5bab\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u6309“\u8054\u5171\u515a\u53f2”\uff0c\u4fc4\u538610\u670825\u65e5\u5165\u591c\uff0c\u963f\u8299\u4e50\u5c14\u53f7\u5de1\u6d0b\u8230\u5411\u51ac\u5bab\u5f00\u70ae\uff0c\u653b\u6253\u51ac\u5bab\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u523010\uff1a45pm\u5c31\u5ba3\u544a\u80dc\u5229\u4e86\uff0c\u5927\u4f53\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u7535\u5f71\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5173\u952e\u662f\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u5bf9\u5de5\u4eba\u548c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u58eb\u5175\u7684\u704c\u8f93\u53d6\u5f97\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u804c\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u5bb6\u4eec\u5bf9\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u704c\u8f93\u5e76\u4e0d\u6210\u529f\uff08\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6\u731c\u5bf9\u4e86\uff09\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5185\u6218\u7206\u53d1\u65f6\uff0c\u591a\u6570\u519c\u6c11\u652f\u6301\u767d\u519b\uff08\u4e3b\u529b\u662f\u58eb\u5b98\u751f\uff09\u3002\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u9547\u538b\u53cd\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u54ea\u6015\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u519c\u6c11\uff08\u6700\u843d\u540e\u7684\u4e00\u7c7b\uff09\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u4f53\u5728\u4fc4\u56fd\u518d\u5ea6\u6d88\u5931\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u628a“\u8054\u5171\u515a\u53f2”\u653e\u5728\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u6b27\u6d32\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u5386\u53f2\u80cc\u666f\u91cc\u91cd\u65b0\u4e00\u770b\uff0c\u5c31\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4e94\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u524d “\u88ab\u704c\u8f93”\u548c “\u81ea\u704c\u8f93”\u7684“\u8054\u5171\uff08\u5e03\uff09\u515a\u53f2\u7b80\u660e\u6559\u7a0b”\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ae0\u8282\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u63cf\u5199demagogy\u5728\u4fc4\u56fd“\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u9769\u547d”\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u7535\u5f71“\u5217\u5b81\u5728\u5341\u6708”\u548c“\u5217\u5b81\u57281918”\u4e2d\u4e5f\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u86db\u4e1d\u9a6c\u8ff9\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

<\/font> <\/p>\r\n

\u56db<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u5f53\u653f\u8005\uff0c\u5927\u90fd\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u6269\u5927\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u66f4\u60e7\u6015\u6269\u5927\u6c11\u4e3b\u4ee5\u540e\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u7684demagogy\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u90fd\u4e0d\u5947\u602a\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u6709\u4e00\u70b9“\u5947\u602a”\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1demagogy\u7684\u5e7d\u7075\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u6e38\u8361\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5bf9\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u4e00\u76f4\u6709\u5fe7\u8651\u548c\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u4f53\u6709\u8d1f\u9762\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u4f46\u57281871\u5e74\u5df4\u9ece\u516c\u793e\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u897f\u6b27\u5404\u56fd\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u4f53\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u505c\u6ede\u6216\u840e\u7f29\uff0c\u800c\u4ecd\u662f\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u6269\u5927\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

1880\u5e74\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5f53\u5c40\u5927\u8d66\u6240\u67091871\u5df4\u9ece\u516c\u793e\u653f\u6cbb\u72af\u548c\u9003\u4ea1\u8005\u3002\u6700\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u9769\u547d\u5bb6\u5e03\u6717\u57fa\uff08\u5df4\u9ece\u516c\u793e\u7684\u540d\u8a89\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff09\u4e5f\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u897f\u6b27\u5404\u56fd\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u6743\u4eba\u6570\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u9009\u4e3e\u6743\u7684\u666e\u53ca\u7a0b\u5ea6\u662f\u5bf9\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u4f53\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u5ea6\u91cf\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u82f1\u56fd\uff1a1883\u5e74\uff0c20\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7537\u5b50\u9009\u6c11\u4eba\u6570\u4ece8% \u589e\u52a0\u523029%\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\uff1a1894\u5e74\uff0c\u6210\u5e74\u7537\u6027\u9009\u6c11\u4eba\u6570\u4ece3.9% \u589e\u52a0\u523037.3%\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u632a\u5a01\uff1a1898\u5e74\uff0c\u9009\u6c11\u4eba\u6570\u4ece16.6% \u589e\u52a0\u523034.8%\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u6cd5\u56fd\uff0c\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u9009\u6c11\u4eba\u6570\u4e5f\u5df2\u5360\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u53e3\u768430-40%\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u82ac\u5170\uff1a1905\u5e74\uff0c\u9009\u6c11\u666e\u53ca\u523076%\u3002\u5e76\u8d4b\u4e88\u5987\u5973\u6295\u7968\u6743\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u5965\u5730\u5229\uff1a1907\u5e74\uff0c\u5b9e\u884c\u666e\u9009\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u610f\u5927\u5229\uff1a1913\u5e74\uff0c\u5b9e\u884c\u666e\u9009\u3002\u5728\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u8fd8\u670967%\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u662f\u6587\u76f2\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

1914\u5e74\uff0c \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u524d\u5915\uff0c\u897f\u6b27\u5404\u56fd\u7684\u7537\u6027\u516c\u6c11\u5927\u4f53\u90fd\u6709\u4e86\u9009\u4e3e\u6743\u3002\u6210\u5e74\u7684“\u7537\u6027\u7272\u53e3”\u90fd\u53d8\u6210\u4e3b\u4eba\u4e86\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

1919\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u4fc4\u56fd\u548c\u571f\u8033\u5176\u4ee5\u897f\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u6218\u8d25\u56fd\u6216\u6218\u80dc\u56fd\uff0c\u5927\u90fd\u4ee5\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\uff08\u5baa\u6cd5\uff0c\u666e\u9009\u5236\uff0c\u8bae\u4f1a\uff09\u91cd\u7ec4\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

1871\u5e74\u5df4\u9ece\u516c\u793e\u6570\u4e07\u4eba\u6b7b\u4e8e\u975e\u547d\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u897f\u6b27\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u4f53\u6709\u5982\u6b64\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u91ca\uff1f<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u6c11\u4e3b\u4f53\u5236\u4e0d\u518d\u5728\u4e4e“\u66b4\u6c11\u6050\u60e7”\u4e86\u5417\uff1f<\/font><\/p>\r\n

[1] \u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u53d6\u81eaEric Hobsbawn \u7684“\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3 1848 – 1875”\uff081975\uff09\uff0c\u53ca“\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3 1875 – 1914”\uff081987\uff09\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

[2]   D.  Volkogonov,   Lenin   ( Free Press \uff0cNew York\uff0c 1994) \u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

2012. 3. 18 .  Tucson<\/font><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u4e00 \u6211\u591a\u6b21\u5230\u8fc7\u5df4\u9ece\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u53bb\u8fc7\u5723\u5fc3\u5bfa\uff08Basilica of the Sacred Heart of Paris […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26620","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-thought","et-doesnt-have-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26620","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=26620"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26620\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=26620"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=26620"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=26620"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}