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12pt\">\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u6e05\u9192\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e76\u975e\u6d2a\u6c34\u731b\u517d\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u8c08\u6c11\u7cb9\u800c\u8272\u53d8\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u56de\u5f52\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u5b83\u7684\u5389\u5bb3\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u717d\u52a8\u6c11\u4f17\u5e76\u5f15\u53d1\u4e0d\u540c\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u4e5f\u6709\u5176\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3002\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u6fc0\u8fdb\u63a8\u8fdb\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u9ad8\u6da8\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5267\u70c8\u53d8\u8fc1\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7cbe\u82f1\u52bf\u529b\u4e0e\u90e8\u5206\u5927\u4f17\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u4e27\u5931\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u601d\u60f3\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u4e0e\u53cd\u6297\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u5b9a\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u65bd\u538b\u4e0e\u5ba3\u6cc4\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u770b\u505a\u662f\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u6574\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u72b6\u51b5\u3001\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u63a8\u884c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u56de\u5e94\u3001\u4e00\u79cd\u53cd\u601d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span 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12pt\">\u540c\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u7f51\u7edc\u6280\u672f\u63a8\u8fdb\u7684\u5927\u4f17\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u4e34\u8fd1\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u5236\u5ea6\u5efa\u6784\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u7f3a\u5931\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u793e\u4f1a\u666e\u904d\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\u60c5\u7eea\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u79ef\u7d2f\u4e0e\u81a8\u80c0\uff0c\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u547c\u58f0\u65e5\u76db\uff0c\u4f53\u5236\u5916\u7684\u6c11\u4f17\u4e0e\u90e8\u5206\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u5b8c\u6210\u805a\u5408\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u5927\u6311\u6218\u5c31\u65e5\u76ca\u903c\u8fd1\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u524d\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e60\u60ef\u7528\u7fa4\u4f17\u8fd0\u52a8\u6765\u52a0\u5f3a\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u8fdb\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u5efa\u8bbe\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u4eca\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u6709\u9650\u5ea6\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u515a\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u53ef\u80fd\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u6bd4\u8f83\u68d8\u624b\u7684\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u3001\u601d\u6f6e\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u840c\u52a8\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fa9\u8bc1\u5730\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4e5f\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u63a8\u8fdb\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5927\u597d\u65f6\u673a\u4e0e\u6709\u5229\u7684\u7fa4\u4f17\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8bc9\u6c42\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u8d1f\u9762\u73b0\u8c61\u4e0e\u6df1\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6539\u9769\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u63ed\u53d1\u4e0e\u8b66\u793a\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5b83\u603b\u662f\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u65bd\u538b\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u4f53\u5236\u5185\u6539\u9769\u4e0d\u65ad\u52a0\u901f\u3001\u589e\u6548\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u6df1\u5316\u6539\u9769\u4e0e\u63a8\u8fdb\u53d1\u5c55\u65bd\u52a0\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u7d27\u7f29\u6211\u4eec\u6539\u9769\u56de\u65cb\u7684\u4f59\u5730\u4e0e\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u6210\u529f\u5e94\u5bf9\u5e76\u5316\u89e3\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u538b\u529b\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6210\u529f\u5b9e\u73b0\u6c11\u4e3b\u3001\u6cd5\u6cbb\u4e0e\u548c\u8c10\u4e4b\u65f6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">\uff08\u9648\u5146\u65fa\uff0c\u590d\u65e6\u5927\u5b66\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u516c\u5171\u4e8b\u52a1\u5b66\u9662\u4e2d\u5916\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u4e13\u4e1a\u535a\u58eb\u751f\uff09<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">\u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[1] \u56fd\u5185\u7f55\u89c1\u4e14\u6bd4\u8f83\u539a\u91cd\u7684\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u7814\u7a76\u4e13\u8457\u662f\uff1a\u6797\u7ea2\uff1a\u300a\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1a\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8bc1\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u7f16\u8bd1\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2007\u5e74\u7248\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4f5c\u8005\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ea4\u4ee3\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u9009\u9898\u8fd8\u662f\u5f52\u5bbf\u53ef\u80fd\u90fd\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u5979\u89c9\u5f97\u8feb\u5207\u9700\u8981\u505a\u7684\u6070\u6070\u662f\u5bf9\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u6848\u4f8b\u505a\u6574\u4f53\u4e0a\u7684\u6574\u7406\u4e0e\u6982\u62ec\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[2] Ionescu\uff0c G.and GeilIIer\uff0cE.\uff08eds\uff09\uff081969\uff09 Populism\uff1a Its Meaning and National Characteristics. London\uff1a Weidenfelf and Nicolson.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[3] \u4fde\u53ef\u5e73\uff1a\u300a\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6218\u7565\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u300b\uff0c1997\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[4] [\u65af\u6d1b\u6587\u5c3c\u4e9a]\u65af\uff1f\u9f50\u6cfd\u514b\uff1a\u300a\u62b5\u5236\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u8bf1\u60d1\uff08\u4e0a\uff09\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u56fd\u5916\u7406\u8bba\u52a8\u6001\u300b\uff0c2007\u5e74\u7b2c9\u671f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[5] William Kornhauser\uff0c The politics of mass society. New York\uff1a Free Press\uff0c 1959.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[6] [\u7f8e]E.E.\u8c22\u8328\u65bd\u8010\u5fb7\uff1a\u300a\u534a\u4e3b\u6743\u7684\u4eba\u6c11&#8212;&#8212;\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u773c\u4e2d\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u300b\uff0c\u5929\u6d25\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2000\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[7] \u5982\u4fc4\u56fd\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u519c\u6751\u516c\u793e\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684&#8220;\u4e2d\u95f4\u7f8e\u56fd&#8221;\u7b49\u3002\u89c1\uff08\u82f1\uff09\u5854\u683c\u7279\uff1a\u300a\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u300b\uff0c\u8881\u660e\u65ed\u8bd1\uff0c\u5409\u6797\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2005\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c128-133\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[8] \u53c2\u89c1\u6797\u7ea2\uff1a\u300a\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1a\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8bc1\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u7f16\u8bd1\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2007\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c43-45\u9875\u3002\u79e6\u6656\uff1a\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49VS&#8220;\u8b66\u5bdf\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49&#8221;\uff1a\u4eba\u6c11\u4e13\u5236\u8bba\u53ca\u5176\u8f6c\u5411\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u8bba\u575b\u300b\uff0c2008\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f\u3002\u91d1\u96c1\uff1a\u300a\u8bba&#8220;\u8b66\u5bdf\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49&#8221;&#8212;&#8212;\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u65b0\u8bba\u4e4b\u4e00\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5f00\u653e\u65f6\u4ee3\u300b\uff0c2001\u5e74\u7b2c7\u671f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[9] [\u82f1]\u5854\u683c\u7279\uff1a\u300a\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u300b\uff0c\u8881\u660e\u65ed\u8bd1\uff0c\u5409\u6797\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2005\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c146-154\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[10] \u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6797\u7ea2\u535a\u58eb\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u53ea\u662f&#8220;\u53cd\u4f53\u5236&#8221;\u800c\u975e&#8220;\u53cd\u653f\u6cbb&#8221;\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u8981\u7684\u662f\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5927\u4f17\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u7684&#8220;\u653f\u6cbb&#8221;\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u6797\u7ea2\uff1a\u300a\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1a\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8bc1\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u7f16\u8bd1\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2007\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c75-89\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[11] [\u7f8e]\u5854\u7f57\uff1a\u300a\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e0e\u6597\u4e89\u653f\u6cbb\u300b\uff0c\u5434\u5e86\u5b8f\u8bd1\uff0c\u8bd1\u6797\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2005\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c184\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[12] \u5f90\u8d32\uff1a\u300a\u4e5d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6c11\u7cb9\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u72ac\u5112\u4e3b\u4e49\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u54f2\u5b66\u5728\u7ebf\u300b\uff0c<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/isbrt.ruc.edu.cn\/pol04\/Article\/aesthetics\/a_culture\/200407\/291.html\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">http:\/\/isbrt.ruc.edu.cn\/pol04\/Article\/aesthetics\/a_culture\/200407\/291.html<\/span><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[13] [\u82f1]\u5854\u683c\u7279\uff1a\u300a\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u300b\uff0c\u8881\u660e\u65ed\u8bd1\uff0c\u5409\u6797\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2005\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c159\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[14] \u4fde\u53ef\u5e73\uff1a\u300a\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6218\u7565\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u300b\uff0c1997\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[15] \u674e\u4f1f\uff1a\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u56fd\u5185\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u51e0\u70b9\u8ba8\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c2003\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f\u3002\u9996\u5148\u63d0\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u8fc8\u65af\u7eb3\u3002[\u7f8e]\u83ab\u91cc\u65af\uff1f\u8fc8\u65af\u7eb3\uff1a\u300a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u4e3b\u4e49\u300b\uff0c\u5f20\u5b81\u8bd1\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2004\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[16] \u674e\u6cfd\u539a\u5148\u751f\u5c06\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u6e90\u5934\u5411\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\uff0c\u5373\u58a8\u5b50\u4e0e\u8fd1\u4ee3\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684&#8220;\u601d\u60f3\u8840\u7f18\u5173\u7cfb&#8221;\u3002\u674e\u6cfd\u539a\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u4e09\u8054\u4e66\u5e97\uff0c2008\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c50-75\u9875\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u89c1\u9c8d\u543e\u521a\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u601d\u60f3\u7814\u7a76\uff0c[\u5fb7]\u9c8d\u543e\u521a\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u89c2\u300b\uff0c\u4e25\u88f4\u96ef\u7b49\u8bd1\uff0c\u6c5f\u82cf\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2004\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[17] \u80e1\u4f1f\u5e0c\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8f6c\u578b\u4e0e\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6218\u7565\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u300b\uff0c1994\u5e74\u7b2c5\u671f\u3002\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u540c\u5fd7\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u9769\u547d\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u76f4\u8a00\u4e0d\u8bb3\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4f9d\u636e\u672c\u6587\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u4e49\u53ea\u662f\u90e8\u5206\u7b26\u5408\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[18] \u5217\u5b81\uff1a\u300a\u5217\u5b81\u9009\u96c6\uff08\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5377\uff09\u300b\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1965\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c357\u9875\u3002\u800c\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u81ea\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5176\u6c11\u751f\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8303\u7574\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[19] [\u82f1]\u65b9\u5fb7\u4e07\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u6218\u4e89\uff1a1925-1945\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u4e09\u8054\u4e66\u5e97\uff0c2007\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[20] \u80e1\u4f1f\u5e0c\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8f6c\u578b\u4e0e\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6218\u7565\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u300b\uff0c1994\u5e74\u7b2c5\u671f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[21] \u59da\u66d9\u5149\uff1a\u300a\u56fd\u6c11\u9769\u547d\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u56e0\u7d20\u5206\u6790&#8212;&#8212;\u4ee5\u6e56\u5357\u519c\u6c11\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e3a\u4e2a\u6848\u7684\u63a2\u8ba8\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5357\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5\u300b\uff0c2003\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[22] \u5de6\u7389\u6cb3\uff1a\u300a\u8bba\u4e2d\u5171\u515a\u5185\u7684&#8220;\u5de6&#8221;\u503e\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u664b\u9633\u5b66\u520a\u300b\uff0c2011\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[23] &#8220;\u6587\u9769&#8221;\u5f00\u59cb\u540e\u76841966-1968\u5e74\u662f\u6700\u4e3a\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u5e74\u5934\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u540e\u6765\u519b\u961f\u7684\u4ecb\u5165\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u63a7\u5236\u5c40\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u6240\u8c13\u7684&#8220;\u4e09\u7ed3\u5408&#8221;\u4e43\u662f\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u5efa\u5236\u4e0e\u7a33\u5b9a\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3002[\u7f8e]R.\u9ea6\u514b\u6cd5\u5938\u5c14\uff1b[\u7f8e]\u8d39\u6b63\u6e05\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u5251\u6865\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u53f2\uff08\u4e0b\u5377\uff09\uff08\u4e2d\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u9769\u547d\uff1a1966-1982\u5e74\uff09\u300b\uff0c\u4fde\u91d1\u5c27\u7b49\u8bd1\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1992\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c183-184\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[24] \u51af\u4ed5\u653f\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u4e0e\u53d8\u5f02\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u653f\u4f53\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u89e3\u91ca\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5f00\u653e\u65f6\u4ee3\u300b\uff0c2011\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[25] \u8d75\u9f0e\u65b0\u6559\u6388\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u63a7\u5236\u8d8a\u4e25\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u8d8a\u53ef\u80fd\u6307\u5411\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u8d75\u9f0e\u65b0\uff1a\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd0\u52a8\u8bb2\u4e49\u300b\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u6587\u732e\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2006\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c113-116\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[26] [\u7f8e]R.\u9ea6\u514b\u6cd5\u5938\u5c14\uff1b[\u7f8e]\u8d39\u6b63\u6e05\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u5251\u6865\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u53f2\uff08\u4e0b\u5377\uff09\uff08\u4e2d\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u9769\u547d\uff1a1966-1982\u5e74\uff09\u300b\uff0c\u4fde\u91d1\u5c27\u7b49\u8bd1\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1992\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c147\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[27] [\u7f8e]\u8fc8\u65af\u7eb3\u8457\uff0c\u300a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u540e\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u300b\uff0c\u56db\u5ddd\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1989\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c177\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[28] [\u7f8e]\u65bd\u62c9\u59c6\uff1a\u300a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u300b\uff0c\u7530\u677e\u5e74\u3001\u6768\u5fb7\u7b49\u8bd1\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c\u7b2c219\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[29] \u9996\u5148\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u540c\u5fd7\u5bf9\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684&#8220;\u9009\u62e9\u6027&#8221;\u5229\u7528\u4e0a\u3002See James R. Townsend\uff0cChinese Populism and the Legacy of Mao Tse-Tung\uff0cAsian Survey\uff0cVol. 17\uff0c No. 11 \uff08Nov.\uff0c 1977\uff09\uff0c pp. 1003-1015.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[30] \u9648\u54f2\u592b\uff0c\u6c5f\u8363\u6d77\uff0c\u5434\u4e15\u8457\uff1a\u300a\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u56fd\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u5c71\u4e1c\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2002\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c972-985\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[31] [\u7f8e]\u8fc8\u65af\u7eb3\uff1a\u300a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u53ca\u5176\u53d1\u5c55&#8212;&#8212;\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u6587\u732e\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1992\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c292-293\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[32] \u53c2\u89c1[\u82f1]\u5854\u683c\u7279\uff1a\u300a\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u300b\uff0c\u8881\u660e\u65ed\u8bd1\uff0c\u5409\u6797\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2005\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c138\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[33] \u80e1\u978d\u94a2\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u65b0\u8001\u4ea4\u66ff\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u3001\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5316\u300b\uff0c\u80e1\u978d\u94a2\uff0c\u738b\u7ecd\u5149\uff0c\u5468\u5efa\u660e\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u8f6c\u578b\u56fd\u5bb6\u5236\u5ea6\u5efa\u8bbe\uff08\u589e\u8ba2\u7248\uff09\u300b\uff0c\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2009\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c167-173\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[34] James R. Townsend\uff0c Chinese Populism and the Legacy of Mao Tse-Tung\uff0c Asian Survey\uff0c Vol. 17\uff0c No. 11 \uff08Nov.\uff0c 1977\uff09\uff0c pp. 1003-1015.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[35] \u8be6\u5c3d\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e0e\u5206\u6790\u53c2\u89c1\uff1aPeter Moody\uff0c Conservative thought in contemporary China\uff0c Lanham\uff0c MD \uff1a Rowman &amp; Littlefield\uff0c c2007\uff0cpp\uff1a125-149.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[36] \u6240\u8c13\u56fd\u60c5\u6d3e\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u89c1\u80e1\u978d\u94a2\u7b49\uff1a\u300a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u8f6c\u578b&#8212;&#8212;\u56fd\u5bb6\u5236\u5ea6\u5efa\u8bbe\u300b\uff0c\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2003\u5e74\u7248\u3002\u738b\u7ecd\u5149\uff1a\u300a\u5b89\u90a6\u4e4b\u9053\uff1a\u56fd\u5bb6\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4e0e\u9014\u5f84\u300b\uff0c\u4e09\u8054\u4e66\u5e97\uff0c2007\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[37] \u5f90\u53cb\u6e14\uff1a\u300a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u300b\uff0c\u674e\u4e16\u6dd8\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7acb\u573a\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e4b\u4e89\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u601d\u60f3\u754c\u7684\u5206\u5316\u300b\uff0c\u65f6\u4ee3\u6587\u827a\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2000\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c414\uff0c420\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[38] \u7518\u9633\uff1a\u300a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1a\u8d35\u65cf\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u5e73\u6c11\u7684\u300b\uff0c\u674e\u4e16\u6dd8\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7acb\u573a\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e4b\u4e89\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u601d\u60f3\u754c\u7684\u5206\u5316\u300b\uff0c\u65f6\u4ee3\u6587\u827a\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2000\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[39] \u5f90\u8d32\uff1a\u300a\u4e5d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6c11\u7cb9\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u72ac\u5112\u4e3b\u4e49\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u54f2\u5b66\u5728\u7ebf\u300b\uff0c<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/isbrt.ruc.edu.cn\/pol04\/Article\/aesthetics\/a_culture\/200407\/291.html\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">http:\/\/isbrt.ruc.edu.cn\/pol04\/Article\/aesthetics\/a_culture\/200407\/291.html<\/span><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[40] \u9a6c\u7acb\u8bda\uff1a\u300a\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u516b\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u601d\u6f6e\u300b\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u6587\u732e\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2012\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[41] Peter Moody\uff0c Conservative thought in contemporary China\uff0c Lanham\uff0c MD\uff1a Rowman &amp; Littlefield\uff0c c2007\uff0c pp\uff1a125-149.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[42] \u53c2\u89c1\u90ed\u4e2d\u519b\uff1a\u300a\u4ece\u6c11\u4f17\u6b63\u4e49\u5230\u76f4\u63a5\u53c2\u4e0e&#8212;&#8212;\u9752\u5e74\u7f51\u6c11\u8d5b\u535a\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u503e\u5411\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u89e3\u8bfb\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5f53\u4ee3\u9752\u5e74\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c2010\u5e74\u7b2c5\u671f\u3002\u9676\u6587\u662d\uff1a\u300a\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0a\u7684\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u6f6e\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u63a2\u7d22\u4e0e\u4e89\u9e23\u300b\uff0c2009\u5e74\u7b2c5\u671f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[43] \u738b\u7490\uff0c\u65b9\u6653\u5f3a\uff1a\u300a\u7f51\u7edc\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6f5c\u6d41\uff1a2000-2010\u5e74\u4e2d\u56fd\u7f51\u6c11\u884c\u4e3a\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u4e2a\u6848\u5206\u6790\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5185\u8499\u53e4\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\uff08\u6c49\u6587\u7248\uff09\u300b\uff0c2011\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[44] &#8220;\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b21\u7f51\u53cb\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u4e0d\u518d\u6b62\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u547c\u558a&#8221;\uff0c\u300a\u5973\u670d\u52a1\u5458\u523a\u6b7b\u5b98\u5458\u7eed\uff1a\u7f51\u53cb\u53d1\u8d77\u8425\u6551\u884c\u52a8\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u65f6\u4ee3\u5468\u520a\u300b\uff0c\u8f6c\u5f15\u81ea&#8220;\u7f51\u6613\u65b0\u95fb&#8221;\uff1a<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/news.163.com\/09\/0521\/02\/59Q9GTAI00011229_2.html\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">http:\/\/news.163.com\/09\/0521\/02\/59Q9GTAI00011229_2.html<\/span><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[45] \u8bb8\u7ae0\u6da6\uff1a\u300a\u53f8\u6cd5\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3e\u63aa\u80cc\u79bb\u4e86\u53f8\u6cd5\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5927\u65b9\u5411\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u53f8\u6cd5\u6539\u9769\u8bba\u8bc4\u300b2011\u5e74\u7b2c00\u671f\u3002\u5468\u6c38\u5764\uff1a\u300a\u8b66\u60d5\u53f8\u6cd5\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u8bc4\u7f51\uff1a<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.china-review.com\/caf.asp\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">http:\/\/www.china-review.com\/caf.asp<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">\uff1fid=24763<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[46] \u7f51\u7edc\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u73af\u5883\u5373\u7f51\u7edc\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e0e\u65e9\u671f\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684&#8220;\u5927\u4f17\u793e\u4f1a&#8221;\u5341\u5206\u76f8\u50cf\u3002[\u6cd5]\u52d2\u5e9e\uff1a\u300a\u4e4c\u5408\u4e4b\u4f17\uff1a\u5927\u4f17\u5fc3\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u7f16\u8bd1\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2005\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[47] \u9648\u5c27\uff1a\u300a\u7f51\u7edc\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8e81\u52a8\uff1a\u4ece\u865a\u62df\u96c6\u805a\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5b66\u672f\u6708\u520a\u300b\uff0c2011\u5e74\u7b2c6\u671f\u3002<\/span><br \/><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u770b\u505a\u662f\u5404\u79cd\u601d\u60f3\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u6fc0\u70c8\u4e89\u8fa9\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u5927\u821e\u53f0\u3002\u800c\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u80a1\u601d\u60f3\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u672a\u88ab\u5145\u5206 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29771","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-thought","et-doesnt-have-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29771","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=29771"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29771\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=29771"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=29771"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=29771"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}