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\/>[3]\u53c2\u89c1\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e4b\u97f3\u7f51\u7ad92011\u5e745\u670818\u65e5\u62a5\u9053\uff0c&#8220;\u4e00\u540d\u4fc4\u56fd\u8bb0\u8005\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u4e00\u573a\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u4e0a\u8b66\u544a\u4e2d\u5171\u4e0d\u8981\u91cd\u72af\u82cf\u5171\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5728\u8d2a\u6c61\u8150\u8d25\u3001\u9547\u538b\u5f02\u8bae\u4eba\u58eb\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u653f\u7b56\u65b9\u9762\u6b65\u82cf\u8054\u540e\u5c18\u3002\u4f46\u4e5f\u6709\u4fc4\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5e94\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002&#8221;\uff08\u8bb0\u8005\u672a\u8be6\uff09\uff1b\u540c[1]\u62a5\uff0c5\u670820\u65e5\u8bd1\u4ecb\uff0c&#8220;\u4fc4\u5b66\u8005\u5c31\u662f\u5426&#8216;\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u56fd&#8217;\u6709\u5206\u6b67&#8221;\uff0c\u7b2c14\u7248\u3008\u6d77\u5916\u89c6\u89d2\u3009\u3002<br \/>[4]\u53c2\u89c1\u6234\u7ef4&#183;\u5965\u65af\u672c\u4e0e\u5f7c\u5f97&#183;\u54c8\u94a6\u68ee\u8457\u300a\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u300b\uff08\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\uff0c\u5546\u7ea2\u65e5\u3001\u5415\u9e4f\u8bd1\uff09\uff0cP105\uff1b\u5546\u5415\u8bd1\u7248\u672c\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u8bd1\u6587\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2011\u3002\u539f\u7248\uff1aImternational Cretive Management, 2004\uff08\u7ecf\u53f0\u6e7e\u4ee3\u7406\uff09\u3002<br \/>[5]\u540c[4]\uff0cP106\u3002<br \/>[6]\u540c[4]\uff0cP123\u3002<br \/>[7] \u540c[4]\uff0cP124\u3002<br \/>[8] \u9a86\u5bb6\u8f89\u5728\u534e\u76db\u987f\u5dde\u957f\u4efb\u4e0a\u4e5f\u5b9e\u884c\u8fc7\u4f5b\u8863\u4e8c\u5dde\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u6539\u9769\uff082002-2003\u8d22\u653f\u5e74\u5ea6\uff09\uff0c\u524a\u51cf\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c15\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u5f00\u652f\uff0c\u5e76\u51cf\u5c11\u4e861340\u4e2a\uff08\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u5185\u7684\uff09\u5c31\u4e1a\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u89c1[4]\u4e66\u5e8f\u4e8c\uff0c&#8220;\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\uff1a\u6709\u6548\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u6709\u6548\u8d22\u653f\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4f53\u73b0&#8221;\uff08\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u674e\u742a\uff09\u3002<br \/>[9]\u53c2\u89c1\u8a79\u59c6\u65af&#183;K&#183;\u52a0\u5c14\u5e03\u96f7\u65af\u300a\u63a0\u593a\u578b\u653f\u5e9c\u300b\uff08\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\uff0c\u82cf\u7426\u8bd1\uff09\uff0cP133\uff1b\u82cf\u8bd1\u7248\u672c\uff1a\u4e2d\u4fe1\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2009\u3002\u539f\u7248\uff1aFREE PRESS\uff0cSimon &amp; Schster,Inc.,2008\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5c0f\u52a0\u5c14\u5e03\u96f7\u65af\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u592a\u8fc7\u6fc0\u8fdb\uff0c\u624d\u5728\u539f\u4e66\u7684\u6249\u9875\u4e0a\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u67e5\u5c14\u65af&#183;\u6851\u5fb7\u65af&#183;\u76ae\u5c14\u65af\uff081877\uff09\u5728\u300a\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u786e\u7acb\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\uff1a&#8220;\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u7c97\u66b4\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u7981\u9522\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u9053\u5fb7\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u4e49\u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8206\u8bba\u7684\u6574\u9f50\u5212\u4e00\uff0c\u800c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u6709\u5fb7\u4e4b\u58eb\u5c06\u5b8c\u5168\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u79cd\u9053\u5fb7\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002&#8221;<br \/>[10]&amp;[11]\u540c[9]\uff0cP127\u3002<br 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