{"id":30590,"date":"2012-11-01T05:27:00","date_gmt":"2012-11-01T05:27:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:10081\/?p=30590 "},"modified":"2012-11-01T05:27:00","modified_gmt":"2012-11-01T05:27:00","slug":"30590-revision-v1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/?p=30590","title":{"rendered":"\u552f\u8272\uff1a\u5e0c\u5fb7\u5e9f\u589f\u7684\u524d\u4e16"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u7ee7\u800c\uff0c\u5e0c\u5fb7\u624e\u4ed3\u6bc1\u4e8e\u6587\u9769\u3002\u65e7\u4eba\u53bb\uff0c\u5927\u5c4b\u7a7a\uff0c\u800c\u9e20\u5360\u9e4a\u5de2\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u8fdc\u9053\u800c\u6765\u3001\u53d1\u52a8\u9769\u547d\u7684\u6218\u53cb\u53ca\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a“\u7ffb\u8eab\u519c\u5974”\u7684\u7fa4\u6c13\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u8c6b\u5267\u56e2\u7684\u6f14\u5458\u3001\u672c\u571f\u7ea2\u536b\u5175\u3001\u63f4\u85cf\u9020\u53cd\u6d3e\u548c\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u5144\u5f1f\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u9ad8\u97f3\u5587\u53ed\u88c5\u5728\u6700\u9876\u4e0a\u90a3\u5c42\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5e0c\u5fb7\u624e\u4ed3\u6210\u4e86“\u9020\u603b”\u301018\u3011\u7684\u5e7f\u64ad\u7ad9\u3002\u6211\u91c7\u8bbf\u8fc7\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u5f53\u5e74\u662f\u5b66\u751f\u7ea2\u536b\u5175\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u662f\u6709\u540d\u7684\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u56de\u5fc6\u8bf4\uff1a“\u5f53\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5c0f\u5ba3\u4f20\u961f\u5c31\u4f4f\u5728\u5e0c\u5fb7\u624e\u4ed3\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u6f14\u51fa\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5750\u5728\u9662\u5b50\u91cc\u4e0d\u6562\u51fa\u95e8\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6562\u56de\u5bb6\uff0c\u6015\u5728\u56de\u5bb6\u7684\u8def\u4e0a\u88ab\u5bf9\u65b9\u90a3\u4e00\u6d3e\u6293\u4f4f\u6253\u4e2a\u534a\u6b7b\u4e0d\u6d3b\u7684\uff0c\u7b97\u4f60\u5012\u9709\u3002\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u5f88\u5389\u5bb3\uff0c\u5230\u5904\u90fd\u662f\u5e7f\u64ad\u5587\u53ed\u5728\u54cd\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u6709\u5ba3\u4f20\u8f66\u5f00\u8fc7\u6765\u5f00\u8fc7\u53bb\u3002\u90a3\u8fb9\u54c7\u54c7\u53eb\uff0c\u8fd9\u8fb9\u54c7\u54c7\u53eb\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u519b\u533a\u7684\u5927\u5587\u53ed\u9707\u8033\u6b32\u804b\uff0c\u90a3\u65f6\u5019\u7684\u62c9\u8428\u53ef\u4e0d\u5f97\u5b89\u5b81\u4e86\uff0c\u7b80\u76f4\u662f\uff01”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u636e\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f4f\u5728\u5e0c\u5fb7\u624e\u4ed3\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u8001\u5148\u751f\u8bb2\u8ff0\uff0c\u53ea\u8981“\u9020\u603b”\u7684\u5927\u5587\u53ed\u6717\u8bf5\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7684“\u6700\u9ad8\u6307\u793a”\u6216\u8005\u5531“\u5927\u6d77\u822a\u884c\u9760\u8235\u624b”\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u8001\u57ce\u5c31\u50cf\u8981\u5730\u9707\u4f3c\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u6eda\u6eda\u800c\u6765\u7684\u96f7\u58f0\u4e2d\u4e1c\u6447\u897f\u8361\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4ed6\u843d\u4e0b\u4e86\u4e00\u542c\u5230\u90a3\u79cd\u5c16\u5229\u3001\u4ea2\u594b\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u5c31\u4f1a\u5fc3\u60b8\u5f97\u5feb\u8981\u6655\u53a5\u7684\u6bdb\u75c5\u3002\u5e7f\u64ad\u7ad9\u662f\u9020\u53cd\u6d3e\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u9635\u5730\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5e0c\u5fb7\u624e\u4ed3\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u9020\u53cd\u6d3e\u4e92\u76f8\u653b\u6253\u548c\u4e89\u593a\u7684\u6218\u573a\u3002\u4f60\u6254\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u5236\u7684\u624b\u69b4\u5f39\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u8fde\u5c04\u65e0\u6570\u53d1\u673a\u67aa\u5b50\u5f39\u3002\u5f53\u6218\u706b\u785d\u70df\u6563\u53bb\uff0c\u66fe\u7ecf\u6709\u8fc7\u4e94\u5c42\u4e4b\u9ad8\u7684\u4f5b\u6bbf\u5df2\u88ab\u524a\u5f97\u53ea\u5269\u4e09\u5c42\u3002\u50e7\u4eba\uff1f\u50e7\u4eba\u65e9\u5c31\u8dd1\u7684\u8dd1\uff0c\u6293\u7684\u6293\uff0c\u6740\u7684\u6740\uff0c\u6b63\u597d\u7a7a\u51fa\u623f\u95f4\u7559\u7ed9\u91d1\u73e0\u739b\u7c73\u4e00\u4f4f\u5c31\u662f\u591a\u5e74\u3002\u5e0c\u5fb7\u624e\u4ed3\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u519b\u8425\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u7956\u62c9\u5eb7\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u91d1\u73e0\u739b\u7c73\u7684\u732a\u5708\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

2\u3001<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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\u5c24\u4ee4\u4eba\u96be\u8fc7\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u6587\u9769\u4e2d\u5750\u7262\u4e09\u5e74\u7684\u70ed\u632f\u4ec1\u6ce2\u5207\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u591a\u6b21\u75af\u766b\u3002\u636e\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u662f1987\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u8d74\u5317\u4eac\u7d22\u8981\u6587\u9769\u65f6\u88ab\u63a0\u593a\u7684\u53e4\u65e7\u5510\u5361\uff0c\u4e0e\u76f8\u5173\u5b98\u5458\u53d1\u751f\u4e89\u6267\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u662f\u6c14\u6025\u653b\u5fc3\uff0c\u6216\u5982\u4f20\u95fb\u4e2d\u88ab\u4eba\u4e0b\u6bd2\uff0c\u5f53\u665a\u4ed6\u4e00\u53e3\u7259\u9f7f\u5168\u8131\u843d\u4e0d\u8bf4\uff0c\u7adf\u4e00\u5ea6\u795e\u5fd7\u4e0d\u6e05\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u662f1989\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u7956\u62c9\u5eb7\u4e3e\u884c\u7948\u613f\u5927\u6cd5\u4f1a\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u50e7\u4fa3\u4e0e\u6c11\u4f17\u4e3e\u4e8b\u6297\u8bae\u88ab\u9547\u538b\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u5bb6\u4e2d\u4fee\u6cd5\u7684\u4ed6\u542c\u95fb\u4e8b\u53d8\u5f53\u573a\u7cbe\u795e\u5931\u5e38\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u662f1995\u5e74\uff0c\u5f53\u5c40\u5c06\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u73ed\u7985\u5587\u561b\u3001\u4e94\u5c81\u7684\u7267\u4eba\u7537\u5b69\u56da\u7981\uff0c\u94a6\u5b9a\u53e6\u4e00\u540d\u5b69\u7ae5\u50ed\u8d8a\u767b\u4e0a\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u73ed\u7985\u5587\u561b\u7684\u6cd5\u5ea7\uff0c\u5e76\u8981\u6c42\u8bf8\u591a\u4ec1\u6ce2\u5207\u53bb\u5317\u4eac\u4e3e\u624b\u8868\u6001\uff0c\u4f46\u70ed\u632f\u4ec1\u6ce2\u5207\u5374\u5728\u4e34\u884c\u524d\u5915\u7a81\u7136\u75af\u4e86\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4ed6\u5bf9\u6073\u529d\u4ed6\u6cbb\u75c5\u7684\u4f8d\u8005\u6240\u8a00\uff1a“\u6211\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u53d1\u75af\uff0c\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u77e5\u9053\u3002”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4ed6\u591a\u6b21\u8981\u6c42\u5f53\u5c40\u5f52\u8fd8\u5e0c\u5fb7\u624e\u4ed3\uff0c\u613f\u610f\u81ea\u5df1\u51fa\u94b1\u4fee\u590d\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u88ab\u7406\u4f1a\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u6709\u4e86\u8bf8\u5982\u653f\u534f\u5e38\u59d4\u3001\u4f5b\u534f\u526f\u4f1a\u957f\u7684\u5934\u8854\u3002\u65e7\u75fc\u65b0\u75be\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u77e5\u6653\u7684\u5fc3\u4e8b\u91cd\u91cd\uff0c\u7ec8\u4e8e\u57281997\u5e74\u6467\u6bc1\u4e86\u4ed650\u5c81\u7684\u8089\u4f53\u3002\u5fe0\u5fc3\u803f\u803f\u7684\u4f8d\u8005\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\uff0c\u6709\u5929\u65e9\u6668\u60ca\u89c1\u70ed\u632f\u4ec1\u6ce2\u5207\u75db\u54ed\u4e0d\u6b62\uff0c\u6025\u95ee\u7f18\u7531\uff0c\u4ed6\u6ce3\u9053\u591c\u91cc\u68a6\u89c1\u886e\u987f\u301023\u3011\u4e86\uff0c\u7ad9\u5728\u82b1\u4e1b\u4e2d\u95ee\uff1a\u4f60\u8fd8\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5417\uff1f\u4f60\u4e0d\u8d70\u5417\uff1f\u5728\u4e16\u4eba\u7684\u773c\u4e2d\uff0c\u70ed\u632f\u4ec1\u6ce2\u5207\u55dc\u9152\u5438\u70df\u8fd8\u6253\u9ebb\u5c06\uff0c\u5e76\u6709\u59bb\u5b50\u513f\u5973\uff0c\u5df2\u5c5e\u8fdd\u6212\u7834\u89c4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u975e\u8bae\uff0c\u4ed6\u5374\u6168\u7136\u9053\uff1a“\u9ec4\u91d1\u5373\u4fbf\u88ab\u6254\u8fdb\u7caa\u5751\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6d17\u51c0\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u9ec4\u91d1\u3002”\u8fd9\u663e\u7136\u5982\u81ea\u5632\u53c8\u5982\u81ea\u51b5\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u8d35\u91cd\u7684\u9ec4\u91d1\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u88ab\u600e\u6837\u7684\u5916\u529b\u7ed9\u5f04\u810f\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u4ed6\u559c\u6b22\u5199\u8bd7\u3001\u7ed8\u753b\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u4e5f\u5f88\u597d\uff0c\u4ed6\u751a\u81f3\u5c06\u9769\u547d\u5c0f\u8bf4\u300a\u9752\u6625\u4e4b\u6b4c\u300b\u301024\u3011\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u85cf\u6587\uff0c\u4ece\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u4e66\u672c\u53ef\u89c1\u4ed6\u5185\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7684\u6d6a\u6f2b\u3001\u53db\u9006\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u66fe\u88ab\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u4e88\u4ee5\u6539\u9020\u7684\u75d5\u8ff9\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u81ea\u5b66\u82f1\u8bed\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u800c\u70ed\u632f\u4ec1\u6ce2\u5207\u524d\u4e16\u7684\u654c\u4eba\u8fbe\u672d\u4ec1\u6ce2\u5207\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e16\u662f\u4e2a\u9152\u9b3c\u3001\u70df\u9b3c\uff0c\u957f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ea2\u5f64\u5f64\u7684\u9152\u7cdf\u9f3b\u5b50\uff0c\u66fe\u559d\u9189\u4e86\u5728\u4f5b\u534f\u63d0\u7740\u6253\u730e\u7684\u5c0f\u53e3\u5f84\u6b65\u67aa\u6ee1\u9662\u5b50\u8ffd\u64b5\u8001\u5a46\u3002\u542c\u8bf4“3•14”\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u5f53\u5c40\u6d3e\u9a7b\u54f2\u868c\u5bfa\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ec4\u7684\u9aa8\u5e72\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u60f3\u8c61\u5f97\u51fa\u4ed6\u90a3\u526f\u6837\u5b50\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u9762\u89c1\u5230\u50e7\u4eba\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u505a\u51fa\u62c9\u8428\u4eba\u90a3\u79cd\u767e\u822c\u591a\u793c\u7684\u6837\u5b50\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4ed6\u5728\u89c1\u5230\u9a7b\u85cf\u5927\u540f\u5f20\u5e86\u9ece\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5351\u8eac\u5c48\u819d\u5f97\u8fde\u820c\u5934\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5410\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u4f1a\u5728\u5927\u4f1a\u5c0f\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bf9\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u795e\u8272\u4e0d\u53d8\u5730\u53e3\u5410\u6076\u8a00\uff0c\u800c\u90a3\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c31\u662f\u8fdc\u65b9\u7684\u5c0a\u8005\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u81ea\u4f20\u301025\u3011\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u56de\u5fc6\u4ed6\u4e0e\u524d\u4e16\u8fbe\u672d\u4ec1\u6ce2\u5207\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u89c1\u9762\uff0c\u8fbe\u672d\u4ec1\u6ce2\u5207\u8c26\u606d\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ece\u524d\u66fe\u5bf9\u5e74\u5e7c\u5b66\u7ecf\u7684\u886e\u987f\u6001\u5ea6\u592a\u51f6\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8bf7\u4ed6\u5343\u4e07\u4e0d\u8981\u6302\u6000\u3002\u5f53\u4ed6\u5706\u5bc2\uff0c\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u4e13\u95e8\u53bb\u62c9\u8428\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u8fbe\u672d\u5bfa\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u7075\u5854\u524d\u4e3e\u884c\u4e86\u5f88\u957f\u7684\u6b8a\u80dc\u4eea\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4e24\u4f4d\u9ad8\u50e7\u4e4b\u95f4\u539f\u672c\u662f\u6709\u7740\u6df1\u539a\u60c5\u8c0a\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u7136\u800c\u8ba9\u4eba\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e16\u7684\u8fbe\u672d\u66fe\u4e8e1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u53bb\u8fc7\u5370\u5ea6\u3002\u636e\u8457\u540d\u7684\u85cf\u4eba\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5609\u592e\u8bfa\u5e03\uff08Jamyang Norbu\uff09\u5fc6\u53ca\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4f1a\u89c1\u65f6\u5199\u5230\uff1a“\u4ec1\u6ce2\u5207\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bb2……\u4ec1\u6ce2\u5207\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u6731\u53e4\u88ab\u5173\u62bc\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5904\u6240\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u4e0d\u53ea\u50cf\u5176\u4ed6\u85cf\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\u5fc5\u987b\u6316\u6c9f\u6e20\u3001\u62d6\u62c9‘\u591c\u571f’\uff08\u7528\u6765\u4f5c\u80a5\u6599\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u7caa\u4fbf\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5178\u578b\u7684‘\u8650\u5f85\u517c\u6559\u8bad’\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u505a\u5c60\u592b\u4e0e\u6e14\u592b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4eb2\u8eab\u4f53\u4f1a\u4f5b\u6559\u5f92\u60b2\u60af\u5fc3\u4e43\u8c2c\u8bef\u865a\u4f2a\u4e4b\u9a6c\u5217\u4e3b\u4e49\u6559\u80b2\u3002”\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\u8fd9\u53e5\uff1a“\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4ec1\u6ce2\u5207\u4ece\u62c9\u8428\u6765\u5230\u8fbe\u5170\u8428\u62c9\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u671d\u89c1\u5c0a\u8005……”\u301026\u3011<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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3\u3001<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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\u6211\u89c1\u5230\u8fd9\u5e9f\u589f\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u773c\uff0c\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u662f\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u773c\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u4e8e\u85cf\u5386\u571f\u9f20\u5e74\u516b\u6708\u67d0\u65e5\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u77a5\uff0c\u8db3\u4ee5\u8ba9\u6211\u5fc3\u60ca\u80c6\u98a4\u3002\u5c31\u5728\u53bb\u5f80\u5e0c\u5fb7\u624e\u4ed3\u7684\u5df7\u53e3\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u80fd\u5bb9\u4e00\u8f86\u4e09\u8f6e\u8f66\u51fa\u5165\u7684\u5df7\u53e3\uff0c\u7ad9\u7740\u56db\u4e2a\u94a2\u67aa\u5728\u624b\u7684\u519b\u4eba\u3002\u6e10\u884c\u6e10\u8fd1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u770b\u89c1\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u4ed6\u4eec\u9762\u5e26\u51f6\u76f8\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5728\u5b88\u62a4\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u5e9f\u589f\u5417\uff1f\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u90a3\u5e9f\u589f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5916\u9762\u6709\u4e86\u6301\u67aa\u7684\u4ed6\u4eec\u800c\u53d8\u5f97\u610f\u5473\u6df1\u957f\u3002\u6211\u672c\u60f3\u53bb\u770b\u770b\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e09\u6708\u4e8b\u53d8\u7684\u5e9f\u589f\u662f\u5426\u66f4\u52a0\u503e\u9893\uff0c\u72b9\u8c6b\u95f4\uff0c\u53ea\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u5341\u5206\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u4e00\u77a5\u3002\u6b64\u523b\u591a\u5c11\u6709\u4e9b\u540e\u6094\uff0c\u591a\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u53ea\u8981\u5728\u62c9\u8428\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u53bb\u90a3\u5ea7\u5e9f\u589f\u5c65\u884c\u7eaf\u5c5e\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u51ed\u540a\u4eea\u5f0f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u591a\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u90a3\u5ea7\u5e9f\u589f\uff0c\u9519\u5931\u4e862008\u5e74\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n


\u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

1\u3001\u90a6\u5178\uff1a\u536b\u85cf\u5987\u5973\u7684\u670d\u9970\uff0c\u7cfb\u5728\u8170\u4e0a\u7684\u4e94\u5f69\u56f4\u88d9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

2\u3001\u6f8e\u6ce2\uff1a\u85cf\u8bed\uff0c\u5bcc\u9976\u4e4b\u5730\u3002\u53c8\u79f0“\u6f8e\u57df”\uff0c\u5410\u8543\uff08\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\uff09\u5e1d\u56fd\u65f6\u4ee3\u5373\u8bbe\u4e3a\u5b97\uff08\u53bf\uff09\uff0c\u4eca\u5212\u5165\u62c9\u8428\u4e1c\u5317\u9762\u7684\u6797\u5468\u53bf\u5185\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

3\u3001\u7edb\u70ed\u632f\u5bfa\uff1a“\u7edb”\u610f\u4e3a\u5317\u65b9\uff0c\u70ed\u632f\u5bfa\u4f4d\u4e8e\u62c9\u8428\u4e1c\u5317\u6797\u5468\u53bf\uff0c\u516c\u51431056\u5e74\uff0c\u7531\u4f5b\u6559\u5927\u5e08\u963f\u5e95\u5ce1\u7684\u5f1f\u5b50\u3001\u5676\u5f53\u6d3e\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u4ef2\u6566\u5df4\u521b\u5efa\uff0c\u4e3a\u5676\u5f53\u6d3e\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5ea7\u5bfa\u9662\u300215\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u53f6\uff0c\u6539\u5b97\u683c\u9c81\u6d3e\uff0c\u5c5e\u8272\u62c9\u5bfa\u9ea6\u624e\u4ed3\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u88ab\u6bc1\u8fc7\u6570\u6b21\uff0c\u6700\u4e3a\u60e8\u91cd\u7684\u662f\u6bc1\u4e8e\u6587\u9769\uff0c1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u91cd\u5efa\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

4\u3001\u62c9\u8428\u6709“\u4e09\u5927\u5bfa”\uff08\u54f2\u868c\u5bfa\u3001\u8272\u62c9\u5bfa\u3001\u7518\u4e39\u5bfa\uff09\u548c“\u56db\u5927\u6797”\uff08\u4e00\u8bf4\u662f\u4e39\u6770\u6797\u3001\u7b56\u58a8\u6797\u3001\u529f\u5fb7\u6797\u548c\u6b21\u89c9\u6797\uff1b\u4e00\u8bf4\u662f\u4e39\u6770\u6797\u3001\u7b56\u58a8\u6797\u3001\u529f\u5fb7\u6797\u548c\u5e0c\u5fb7\u6797\uff09\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u85cf\u4f20\u4f5b\u6559\u683c\u9c81\u6d3e\u5728\u62c9\u8428\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5bfa\u9662\uff0c\u4e14“\u56db\u5927\u6797”\u7684\u6cd5\u5ea7\u5747\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u4ee3\u6444\u56fd\u653f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

5\u30011950\u5e74\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u6d3e\u519b\u961f\u8fdb\u5165\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6253\u51fb\u4fb5\u7565\u897f\u85cf\u7684“\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u5206\u5b50”\u3002\u800c\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u536b\u85cf\u5730\u533a\u53ea\u67095\u4e2a\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u88ab\u897f\u85cf\u653f\u5e9c\u96c7\u4f63\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u6280\u672f\u4eba\u5458\uff1b\u5728\u5b89\u591a\u548c\u5eb7\u5730\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u4e5f\u5be5\u5be5\u53ef\u6570\uff0c\u4e3a\u533b\u751f\u3001\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

6\u3001\u8d5e\u666e\uff1a\u85cf\u8bed\uff0c\u541b\u4e3b\uff0c\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e4b\u738b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

7\u3001\u677e\u8d5e\u5e72\u5e03\uff1a\u516c\u51437\u4e16\u7eaa\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u5410\u8543\uff08\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\uff09\u5e1d\u56fd\u65f6\u4ee3\u7b2c\u4e09\u5341\u4e09\u4ee3\u8d5e\u666e\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u7acb\u56fd\u4e4b\u541b\u3002\u88ab\u85cf\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u89c2\u4e16\u97f3\u83e9\u8428\u7684\u5316\u8eab\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

8\u3001\u8d64\u7956\u5fb7\u8d5e\uff1a\u516c\u51439\u4e16\u7eaa\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u5410\u8543\uff08\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\uff09\u5e1d\u56fd\u65f6\u4ee3\u7b2c\u56db\u5341\u4ee3\u8d5e\u666e\uff0c\u53c8\u79f0\u8d64\u70ed\u5df4\u575a\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u5c24\u5176\u63a8\u5d07\u4f5b\u6cd5\uff0c\u540e\u4eba\u9042\u5c06\u4ed6\u4e0e\u677e\u8d5e\u5e72\u5e03\u3001\u8d64\u677e\u5fb7\u8d5e\u5e76\u79f0\u5410\u8543\uff08\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\uff09\u5e1d\u56fd\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e4b\u4e09\u5927\u6cd5\u738b\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u4f4d\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5510\u671d\u7acb“\u5510\u8543\u4f1a\u76df\u7891”\uff0c\u4ee5\u85cf\u6c49\u4e24\u79cd\u6587\u5b57\u52d2\u77f3\uff0c\u5386\u7ecf1160\u5e74\uff0c\u8fc4\u4eca\u5c79\u7acb\u4e8e\u62c9\u8428\u5927\u662d\u5bfa\u524d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

9\u3001\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\u5e1d\u56fd\u65f6\u4ee3\uff1a\u6c49\u6587\u53f2\u7c4d\u5199\u6210“\u5410\u8543”\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u662f\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5f0f\u653f\u6743\uff0c\u59cb\u4e8e\u516c\u51436\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u6b62\u4e8e\u516c\u51439\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u541b\u738b\u662f\u7b2c\u4e09\u5341\u4e09\u4ee3\u5929\u5b50\u677e\u8d5e\u5e72\u5e03\uff0c\u7edf\u4e00\u5168\u85cf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

10\u3001\u8521\u5df4\u4e07\u6237\u957f\uff1a\u5143\u671d\u65f6\uff0c\u536b\u85cf\u8521\u5df4\u5bb6\u65cf\u53d7\u5c01\u4e3a\u4e07\u6237\u957f\uff0c\u7edf\u8f96\u62c9\u8428\u5e02\u533a\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u536b\u85cf\u5341\u4e09\u4e07\u6237\u4e2d\u6700\u5f3a\u76db\u7684\u4e07\u6237\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u8428\u8fe6\u738b\u671d\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u8521\u5df4\u4e07\u6237\u957f\u4e3a\u62c9\u8428\u7684\u7e41\u8363\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u4f5c\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u8d21\u732e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

11\u3001\u7518\u4e39\u9887\u7ae0\u653f\u6743\uff1a\u7518\u4e39\u9887\u7ae0\u610f\u4e3a“\u5929\u795e\u5bab\u6bbf”\uff0c\u672c\u662f\u8fbe\u8d56\u561b\u561b\u5728\u54f2\u868c\u5bfa\u7684\u9a7b\u9521\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u4e94\u4e16\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u6210\u4e3a\u897f\u85cf\u653f\u6559\u5408\u4e00\u7684\u9886\u8896\u4e4b\u540e\u79fb\u5c45\u5e03\u8fbe\u62c9\u5bab\uff0c\u7518\u4e39\u9887\u7ae0\u5373\u6210\u653f\u6743\u7684\u4ee3\u79f0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

12\u3001\u7b2c\u4e94\u4e16\u70ed\u632f\u4ec1\u6ce2\u5207\uff1a\uff081912-1947\uff09\uff0c\u5168\u540d\u4e3a\u571f\u767b\u6c5f\u767d\u76ca\u897f\u4e39\u8d1d\u575a\u8d5e\uff0c\u5728\u5341\u4e09\u4e16\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u5706\u5bc2\u540e\u4efb\u6444\u653f\u4e03\u5e74\uff0c\u5e76\u4efb\u5341\u56db\u4e16\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u7684\u7ecf\u5e08\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

13\u3001\u886e\u6c83\uff1a\u62c9\u8428\u656c\u8bed\uff0c\u5bf9\u5730\u4f4d\u5c0a\u8d35\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u5c0a\u79f0\uff0c\u5982\u9601\u4e0b\uff0c\u8001\u7237\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

14\u3001\u62c9\u59c6\u62c9\u63aa\uff1a\u85cf\u8bed\uff0c\u610f\u4e3a\u5723\u6bcd\u6e56\uff0c\u4e3a\u5168\u85cf\u62a4\u6cd5\u795e\u5373\u5c0a\u8005\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u7684\u62a4\u6cd5\u795e\u73ed\u4e39\u62c9\u59c6\u7684\u9b42\u6e56\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4eca\u897f\u85cf\u81ea\u6cbb\u533a\u5c71\u5357\u5730\u533a\u52a0\u67e5\u53bf\u5d14\u4e45\u4e61\u5883\u5185\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u795e\u6e56\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c2\u89c1\u547d\u8fd0\uff0c\u5386\u4ee3\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u7684\u8f6c\u4e16\u90fd\u7531\u89c2\u6b64\u795e\u6e56\u7684\u793a\u73b0\u800c\u5bfb\u8bbf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

15\u3001\u7f8c\u59c6\uff1a\u85cf\u8bed\uff0c\u91d1\u521a\u6cd5\u821e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

16\u3001“\u5e73\u53db”\uff1a1959\u5e743\u6708\u5728\u62c9\u8428\u53d1\u751f\u85cf\u4eba\u53cd\u6297\u4e2d\u5171\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u4e88\u4ee5\u519b\u4e8b\u9547\u538b\uff0c\u79f0\u5176\u4e3a“\u5e73\u606f\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u53db\u4e71”\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0“\u5e73\u53db”\uff0c\u4e3a\u7684\u662f\u7ed9\u4e88\u9547\u538b\u4ee5\u7406\u7531\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

17\u3001\u624e\u5df4\uff1a\u85cf\u8bed\uff0c\u6c99\u5f25\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

18\u3001\u9020\u603b\uff1a\u85cf\u8bed“\u574e\u8bfa”\uff0c\u5168\u540d“\u62c9\u8428\u9769\u547d\u9020\u53cd\u603b\u90e8”\u3002\u62c9\u8428\u4e24\u5927\u9020\u53cd\u6d3e\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u6210\u7acb\u4e8e1966\u5e7412\u670822\u65e5\uff0c\u64a4\u6d88\u4e8e1969\u5e743\u670825\u65e5\u3002\u4e0b\u5c5e\u4e3b\u8981\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6709\uff1a“\u4e13\u6253\u571f\u7687\u5e1d\u8054\u7edc\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a”\uff08\u5317\u4eac\u822a\u7a7a\u5b66\u9662“\u7ea2\u65d7\u8d74\u85cf\u5c0f\u5206\u961f”\u7684\u5e26\u961f\u5973\u8f85\u5bfc\u5458\u8001\u5e08\u8042\u806a\u548c\u897f\u85cf\u6c11\u65cf\u5b66\u9662“\u7ea2\u8272\u9020\u53cd\u56e2”\u53f8\u4ee4\u9b4f\u5fd7\u5e73\u4e3a\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\uff09\uff1b“\u897f\u85cf\u7ea2\u536b\u5175\u9769\u547d\u9020\u53cd\u53f8\u4ee4\u90e8”\uff1b“\u62c9\u8428\u9769\u547d\u9020\u53cd\u516c\u793e”\u7b49\u3002\u6210\u5458\u4ee5\u5b66\u751f\uff08\u4e2d\u592e\u6c11\u65cf\u5b66\u9662\u548c\u62c9\u8428\u4e2d\u5b66\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u5c45\u591a\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u897f\u85cf\u6c11\u65cf\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u5b66\u751f\uff09\u548c\u5de5\u4eba\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u6c34\u6ce5\u5382\u3001\u673a\u4fee\u5382\u3001\u6c7d\u8f66\u4e00\u961f\u3001\u6c7d\u8f66\u4e8c\u961f\u7b49\uff09\u4e3a\u4e3b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

19\u3001\u4eba\u7c7b\u6740\u52ab\uff1a\u85cf\u8bed\uff0c\u6307\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u3002\u6211\u5728\u5173\u4e8e\u6587\u9769\u5728\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5f71\u50cf\u53ca\u5176\u8bc4\u8ff0\u300a\u6740\u52ab\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u5199\u8fc7\uff1a“‘\u6740\u52ab’\u662f\u85cf\u8bed‘\u9769\u547d’\u7684\u53d1\u97f3\uff0c\u6c49\u8bed\u62fc\u97f3\u4e3a‘Sha Jie’……\u4f20\u7edf\u85cf\u8bed\u4e2d\u4ece\u65e0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6c47\u3002\u534a\u4e2a\u591a\u4e16\u7eaa\u524d\uff0c\u5f53\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u519b\u961f\u5f00\u8fdb\u897f\u85cf\uff0c……\u636e\u8bf4\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u964d\u4e34\u800c\u6d3e\u751f\u7684\u65e0\u6570\u65b0\u8bcd\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e0a\u6700\u4e3a\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002\uff08\u9769\u547d\uff09\u5728\u6c49\u8bed\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u540c\u97f3\u5b57\uff0c\u6211\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u662f‘\u6740\u52ab’\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u8868\u660e\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e940\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u9769\u547d\u7ed9\u897f\u85cf\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u52ab\u96be\u3002\u56db\u5341\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u53c8\u4e00\u573a\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a‘\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d’\u7684\u9769\u547d\u5e2d\u5377\u897f\u85cf\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f‘\u6740\u52ab’\u4e4b\u524d\u88ab\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e86\uff08\u6587\u5316\uff09\u3002……\u6c49\u8bed\u62fc\u97f3\u4e3aRen Lei\uff0c\u4e0e\u6c49\u8bed\u7684‘\u4eba\u7c7b’\u53d1\u97f3\u76f8\u8fd1\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7528\u6c49\u8bed\u8868\u8fbe\u85cf\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\uff08\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\uff09\u4e00\u8bcd\uff0c\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u5bf9\u897f\u85cf\u6c11\u65cf\u800c\u8a00\u7684‘\u4eba\u7c7b\u6740\u52ab’\u3002”<\/span>
 
20\u3001\u300a\u52ab\u96be\uff1a1947\u5e74\u6625\u70ed\u632f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u300b\uff0c\u5ec9\u6e58\u6c11\u8457\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u85cf\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2004\u5e74\u3002<\/span>
 
21\u3001\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u6d3b\u4f5b\u73ed\uff1a\u636e\u6709\u5173\u8d44\u6599\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c1963\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u6307\u793a\u897f\u85cf\u81ea\u6cbb\u533a\u7b79\u59d4\u4f1a\u5f00\u529e“\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u6d3b\u4f5b\u73ed”\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4e8e\u57f9\u517b“\u53c8\u7ea2\u53c8\u4e13”\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u754c\u4e0a\u5c42\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u8d77\u5148\u6821\u5740\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e0b\u5bc6\u9662\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5404\u5927\u6559\u6d3e\u768411\u4f4d\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u6731\u53e4\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\uff1a\u516d\u4e16\u70ed\u632f•\u5355\u589e\u664b\u7f8e\u3001\u4e94\u4e16\u7b56\u58a8\u6797•\u4e39\u589e\u8d64\u70c8\u3001\u5341\u4e8c\u4e16\u6d1b\u6851\u5df4•\u8d64\u70c8\u66f2\u6851\u3001\u4e09\u4e16\u8fbe\u672d•\u4e39\u589e\u683c\u5217\u3001\u4e5d\u4e16\u6728\u96c5•\u66f2\u5409\u5efa\u624d\u3001\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u8d64\u8fbe•\u4e39\u589e\u4f26\u73e0\u3001\u4e03\u4e16\u624e\u5858•\u5355\u767d\u5c3c\u739b\u3001\u4e8c\u4e16\u6069\u516c•\u6b21\u4ec1\u5e73\u63aa\u3001\u4e09\u4e16\u6851\u73e0•\u963f\u65fa\u624e\u5df4\u3001\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u5974\u5df4•\u8d21\u89c9\u4e39\u589e\u548c\u4e94\u4e16\u666e\u5e03\u89c9•\u5f3a\u5df4\u5355\u589e\u3002\u5e74\u9f84\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u662f8\u5c81\u7684\u8fbe\u672d•\u5355\u589e\u683c\u5217\uff0c\u5e74\u9f84\u6700\u5927\u7684\u662f17\u5c81\u7684\u6d1b\u6851\u5df4•\u8d64\u70c8\u66f2\u6851\u30021964\u5e74\uff0c\u73ed\u7985\u5587\u561b\u88ab\u6279\u6597\uff0c\u70ed\u632f\u7b49\u6731\u53e4\u88ab\u6253\u6210“\u5c0f\u73ed\u7985\u96c6\u56e2”\u906d\u5230\u6574\u8083\u30021965\u5e74\uff0c“\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u6d3b\u4f5b\u73ed”\u6539\u4e3a\u81ea\u6cbb\u533a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b66\u9662\uff08\u7b79\u5907\uff09\u9752\u5e74\u73ed\uff0c\u8fc1\u5f80\u62c9\u8428\u90ca\u533a\u7684\u8521\u516c\u5802\u5bfa\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u52b3\u52a8\u6539\u9020\uff0c\u53d7\u5c3d\u82e6\u96be\u3002\u76f4\u52301978\u5e74\u624d\u88ab“\u843d\u5b9e\u653f\u7b56”\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u81ea\u6cbb\u533a\u4f5b\u534f\u3002<\/span>
 
22\u3001\u6731\u53e4\uff1a\u85cf\u8bed\uff0c\u5316\u8eab\uff0c\u8f6c\u4e16\u8005\u3002\u6307\u7684\u662f\u85cf\u4f20\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u8f6c\u4e16\u50e7\u4fa3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

23\u3001\u886e\u987f\uff1a\u85cf\u8bed\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u7684\u656c\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u610f\u4e3a\u8654\u5fc3\u547c\u558a\u5373\u51fa\u73b0\u773c\u524d\uff0c\u7b80\u8bd1\u5373\u5c0a\u524d\u3002<\/span>
 
24\u3001\u300a\u9752\u6625\u4e4b\u6b4c\u300b\uff1a1958\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u63cf\u5199\u5728\u4e2d\u5171\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u8fd0\u52a8\u53ca\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u6597\u4e89\u751f\u6d3b\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u5a5a\u59fb\u7684\u957f\u7bc7\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5973\u4f5c\u5bb6\u6768\u6cab\u3002<\/span>
 
25\u3001\u300a\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u81ea\u4f20——\u6d41\u4ea1\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u5728\u300b\uff1a\u5eb7\u9f0e\u8bd1\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u8054\u7ecf\u51fa\u7248\u4e8b\u4e1a\u516c\u53f8\uff0c1989\u5e74\u3002<\/span>
 
26\u3001\u5609\u592e\u8bfa\u5e03\u300a\u9ad8\u539f\u5723\u6bbf\uff1a\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\u5f80\u6614\u7684\u91ce\u751f\u52a8\u7269\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u4fdd\u80b2\u300b <\/span>http:\/\/woeser.middle-way.net\/2010\/01\/blog-post_28.html<\/span><\/a>
 
27\u3001\u5eb7\u73e0\u739b\uff1a\u85cf\u8bed\uff0c\u7a7a\u884c\u6bcd\uff0c\u4e5f\u53eb\u745c\u7957\u6bcd\u3001\u745c\u4f3d\u6bcd\uff0c\u85cf\u4f20\u4f5b\u6559\u4e2d\u5bf9\u67d0\u79cd\u5973\u6027\u795e\u7957\u548c\u67d0\u4e9b\u5973\u6027\u4fee\u884c\u6210\u5c31\u8005\u7684\u5c0a\u79f0\uff0c\u5176\u542b\u4e49\u6df1\u5965\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u591a\u6570\u53ef\u4f5c\u672c\u5c0a\uff0c\u5c11\u6570\u6216\u4f5c\u62a4\u6cd5\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u662f\u4f5b\u3001\u83e9\u8428\u53ca\u8f6c\u4e16\u5316\u8eab\u7684\u4fee\u884c\u4f34\u4fa3\u3002<\/span>
 
28\u3001\u660e\u5983\uff1a\u4f5b\u6559\u7a7a\u884c\u6bcd\u7684\u4fd7\u79f0\uff0c\u4ee3\u6307\u4fee\u884c\u4eba\u7684\u4fee\u884c\u4f34\u4fa3\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u5bb9\u6613\u4ea7\u751f\u8bef\u89e3\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

29\u3001\u53e4\u683c\u738b\u5bab\uff1a\u53e4\u683c\u6545\u57ce\u5750\u843d\u4e8e\u897f\u85cf\u963f\u91cc\u624e\u8fbe\u53bf\u3002\u4e3a\u53f2\u4e0a\u8f89\u714c\u65e0\u6bd4\u7684\u5410\u8543\uff08\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\uff09\u5e1d\u56fd\u738b\u5ba4\u7684\u540e\u88d4\u6240\u5efa\uff0c\u504f\u5c45\u6b64\u5730700\u4f59\u5e74\uff0c\u4f20\u627f20\u4f59\u4ee3\u56fd\u738b\uff0c\u8ddd\u4eca\u67091300\u5e74\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4e8e\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7eaa\u706d\u4ea1\uff0c\u7559\u4e0b\u65e0\u6570\u73cd\u8d35\u6587\u7269\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u8d44\u6599\u3002<\/span>
 
30\u3001\u535a\u5df4\uff1a\u85cf\u8bed\uff0c\u85cf\u4eba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

31\u3001\u5b97\u5580\u5df4\u5927\u5e08\uff1a\u4e8e\u85cf\u5386\u7b2c\u516d\u7ed5\u8fe5\u4e4b\u706b\u9e21\u5e74\uff081357\u5e74\uff0910\u670825\u65e5\uff0c\u8bde\u751f\u5728\u5b97\u5580\u5730\u65b9\uff08\u4eca\u9752\u6d77\u7701\u6e5f\u4e2d\u53bf\u5854\u5c14\u5bfa\u6240\u5728\u5730\uff09\uff0c\u6545\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5b97\u5580\u5df4\uff0c\u53c8\u88ab\u5c0a\u79f0\u4e3a\u6770\u4ec1\u6ce2\u5207\uff0c\u662f\u6539\u9769\u548c\u590d\u5174\u85cf\u4f20\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u4e00\u4ee3\u5b97\u5e08\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u8bba\u8457\u4e3a\u300a\u83e9\u63d0\u9053\u6b21\u7b2c\u5e7f\u8bba\u300b\u548c\u300a\u5bc6\u5b97\u9053\u6b21\u7b2c\u5e7f\u8bba\u300b\u30021419\u5e7410\u670825\u65e5\uff0c\u5706\u5bc2\u4e8e\u4ed6\u6240\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u7518\u4e39\u5bfa\u3002\u5176\u8bde\u8fb0\u4e0e\u5706\u5bc2\u65e5\uff0c\u5728\u5168\u85cf\u5730\u5f62\u6210\u71c3\u706f\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u5373\u7518\u4e39\u5b89\u66f2\uff08\u71c3\u706f\u8282\uff09\u3002<\/span>
 
32\u3001André Alexander , The Temples of Lhasa: Tibetan Buddhist Architecture from the 7th to the 21st Centuries, Serindia Publications, 2005.<\/span>
 
33\u3001\u5df7\u76c5\u9ebb\uff1a\u85cf\u8bed\uff0c\u5993\u5973\u3002<\/span>
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