{"id":31866,"date":"2013-01-09T07:33:00","date_gmt":"2013-01-09T07:33:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:10081\/?p=31866 "},"modified":"2013-01-09T07:33:00","modified_gmt":"2013-01-09T07:33:00","slug":"31866-revision-v1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/?p=31866","title":{"rendered":"\u5eb7\u6b63\u679c\uff1a\u6bdb\u50cf\u7684\u6d41\u53d8\u4e0e\u9ad8\u6c0f\u5144\u5f1f\u7684\u201c\u53bb\u6bdb\u201d\u521b\u4f5c"},"content":{"rendered":"

“\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u4e0e\u5236\u5ea6\u53d8\u9769”\u5f81\u6587<\/span><\/p>\r\n


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\"\"<\/div>\r\n
\u56fe2 \u65af\u8bfa1936\u5e74\u6444\u4e8e\u9655\u5317\u7a91\u6d1e\u524d<\/div>\r\n
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<\/span><\/font> <\/p><\/div>\r\n

\"\"<\/div>\r\n
\r\n

\u56fe<\/span>3 \u520a\u767b\u4e8e\u300a\u89e3\u653e\u5468\u520a\u300b\uff0c<\/span>1937\u5e74\u3002<\/span><\/p><\/div>\r\n

 <\/div><\/div>\r\n

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\u4e8c<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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\"\"<\/div>\r\n
\r\n

\u56fe<\/span>4  <\/span><\/font><\/span>\u6bdb\u50cf\u7ae0\u79c0<\/span><\/font><\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n

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\"\"<\/div>\r\n
\r\n

\u56fe<\/span>5   <\/span>\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5851\u50cf<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n

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\u4e09<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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\"\"<\/div>\r\n
\r\n

\u56fe<\/span>6   <\/span>\u6c83\u970d\u5c14\u6240\u7ed8\u6bdb\u50cf<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n

\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6ce2\u666e\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u5219\u60c5\u51b5\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u9700\u53e6\u5f53\u522b\u8bba\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u591a\u5c11\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u6c83\u970d\u5c14\u4f5c\u4fd1\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u542f\u793a\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u59cb\u7ec8\u534a\u5f00\u534a\u653e\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u827a\u672f\u3001\u6587\u5316\u4e0e\u5e02\u573a\u4e00\u76f4\u7406\u4e0d\u987a\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u88ab\u62d6\u4f4f\u540e\u817f\u7684\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u4ece\u8d77\u6b65\u5373\u8d70\u4e0a\u5f2f\u8def\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ece\u5f53\u65f6\u653f\u6cbb\u8109\u7edc\u4e2d\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u56fe\u50cf——\u5305\u62ec\u6bdb\u50cf\u5728\u5185\u7684\u6587\u9769\u9057\u7559\u5bf9\u8c61——\u9009\u62e9\u539f\u7248\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd0\u7528\u590d\u5236\u4e0e\u632a\u7528\u7684\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u62fc\u8d34\u5230\u5a9a\u4fd7\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u56fe\u50cf——\u5982\u7f8e\u5973\u3001\u6c7d\u8f66\u3001\u53ef\u4e50——\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u521b\u4f5c\u51fa\u53ef\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u524d\u536b\u65b0\u6f6e\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u6c83\u970d\u5c14\u662f\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u5e02\u573a\u673a\u5236\u5065\u5168\u7684\u827a\u672f\u54c1\u6d88\u8d39\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u641e\u82b1\u6837\u7ffb\u65b0\u7684\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u61c2\u5f97\u5982\u4f55\u62ff\u4ed6\u7684\u6bdb\u50cf\u5236\u4f5c\u8fce\u5408\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u4e1c\u65b9\u4e3b\u4e49\u8da3\u5473\u3002\u4ed6\u5e76\u65e0\u610f\u98a0\u8986\u548c\u63ed\u793a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u5929\u5b89\u95e8\u6bdb\u50cf\u7ecf\u4ed6\u90a3\u4e48\u4e00\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u88ab\u753b\u5f97\u66f4\u60a6\u76ee\u548c\u9002\u4e8e\u5ba4\u5185\u88c5\u9970\u3002\u4f46\u50cf\u738b\u5e7f\u4e49\u90a3\u6837\u628a\u6bdb\u50cf\u539f\u6837\u642c\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u6253\u4e0a\u7f51\u7edc\u822c\u7684\u7ea2\u65b9\u683c\u5b50\uff08\u56fe7\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u50cf\u4f59\u53cb\u6db5\u7528\u73ab\u7470\u8272\u548c\u6c11\u4fd7\u56fe\u6848\u5bf9\u6bdb\u50cf\u4f5c\u8273\u4fd7\u5316\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u90fd\u663e\u5f97\u624b\u6cd5\u7c97\u7387\uff0c\u521b\u610f\u80a4\u6d45\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u8c08\u4e0d\u4e0a\u4ec0\u4e48\u827a\u672f\u521b\u65b0\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4ee4\u4eba\u523a\u76ee\u5730\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u53ef\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u6587\u5316\u8d44\u6e90\u662f\u591a\u4e48\u8d2b\u7620\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u7684\u6279\u5224\u7cbe\u795e\u7adf\u5982\u6b64\u8870\u5f31\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u672a\u80fd\u6210\u529f\u5730\u8f6c\u5165\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u4eca\u65e5\uff0c\u73a9\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u82b1\u67aa\u82b1\u68d2\u7684\u827a\u672f\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u53ef\u51fa\u98ce\u5934\u4e8e\u4e00\u65f6\uff0c\u4f46\u98ce\u5934\u4e00\u8fc7\uff0c\u5373\u9677\u5165\u65e0\u804a\u3001\u7a7a\u865a\u548c\u75b2\u8f6f\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u6bdb\u50cf\u5e76\u672a\u89e6\u53ca\u6bdb\u50cf\u4e0e\u6bdb\u672c\u4eba\u4e00\u76f4\u8131\u8282\u548c\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672c\u8d28\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5728\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u8d70\u4e0b\u795e\u575b\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u8bf4\u6bdb\u50cf\u6ce2\u666e\u827a\u672f\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u63a8\u52a8\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5145\u5176\u91cf\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u628a\u6bdb\u50cf\u4ece\u539f\u6765\u7684\u5723\u50cf\u4f4d\u683c\u964d\u4f4e\u5230\u53ef\u8c03\u4f83\u3001\u53ef\u6446\u5f04\u3001\u53ef\u5546\u54c1\u5316\u7684\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u3002\u4f46\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6bdb\u50cf\u5219\u610f\u6307\u6a21\u7cca\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u5f62\u540c\u7a7a\u6d1e\u7684\u80fd\u6307\u3002\u5728\u6bdb\u5c38\u4ecd\u6a2a\u9648\u7eaa\u5ff5\u5802\uff0c\u6bdb\u50cf\u4ecd\u60ac\u6302\u5929\u5b89\u95e8\u57ce\u697c\u7684\u4eca\u65e5\uff0c\u8981\u5bf9\u4e00\u515a\u4e13\u5236\u6587\u5316\u4f5c\u4e25\u8083\u7684\u7f8e\u5b66\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u6ce2\u666e\u827a\u672f\u7684\u6bdb\u50cf\u5236\u4f5c\u663e\u7136\u65e2\u65e0\u80fd\u53c8\u4e4f\u529b\uff0c\u5b83\u5145\u5176\u91cf\u53ea\u53ef\u8c13\u6bdb\u50cf\u8d70\u5411\u7ec8\u7ed3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e00\u5c0f\u6bb5\u56de\u5149\u8fd4\u7167\u7684\u6ce2\u6f9c\u3002\u6709\u8bba\u8005\u751a\u81f3\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6ce2\u666e\u827a\u672f\u7fa4\u4f53\u60a3\u6709“\u540e\u611f\u6027\u7684‘\u88ab\u5f3a\u66b4\u5feb\u611f\u75c7’\uff0c”\u6279\u8bc4\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u5f69\u7ed8 “\u4f7f\u6587\u9769\u548c\u4e13\u5236\u6587\u5316\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u6d88\u8d39\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u91cd\u8fd4\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u6587\u9769\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u5de5\u519c\u5175\u5f62\u8c61\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5d07\u62dc\u53ca\u9020\u795e\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u50cf\u91cd\u65b0\u4ea7\u751f\u89c6\u89c9\u6109\u60a6\u548c\u65f6\u5c1a\u611f\uff0c\u5b83\u8fc7\u8651\u6389\u4e86\u6587\u9769\u548c\u9886\u8896\u5d07\u62dc\u66fe\u7ecf\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u6076\uff0c\u800c\u91cd\u65b0\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e13\u5236\u7b26\u53f7\u548c\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5f62\u5f0f\u4ea7\u751f\u8ba4\u540c\u611f\u3002”11 \u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u5728\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u53ca\u5176\u515a\u6587\u5316\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\u7684\u4eca\u65e5\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u4e3a\u56de\u907f\u653f\u6cbb\u800c\u73a9\u5148\u950b\u641e\u65b0\u6f6e\u7684\u827a\u672f\u6700\u7ec8\u8fd8\u662f\u8df3\u4e0d\u51fa\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u9634\u5f71\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5b83\u8fd8\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u9634\u5f71\u4e0b\u82df\u4e14\u56fe\u5b58\uff0c\u5c31\u53ea\u80fd\u5206\u6a97\u51fa\u9709\u83cc\u9752\u82d4\u822c\u6666\u6697\u6ed1\u817b\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002<\/span> \r\n
\"\"<\/div>\r\n
\r\n

\u56fe<\/span>7  <\/span><\/font><\/span>\u738b\u5e7f\u4e49\u6240\u7ed8\u6bdb\u50cf<\/span><\/font><\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n

\u56db<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5728\u4eca\u65e5\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u524d\u536b\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u628a\u6bdb\u50cf\u63a8\u5411\u7ec8\u7ed3\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u662f\u53f7\u79f0\u9ad8\u6c0f\u5144\u5f1f\u7684\u9ad8\u515f\u548c\u9ad8\u5f3a\u30022010\u5e749\u670817\u65e5\u81f32011\u5e741\u67082\u65e5\uff0c\u9898\u4e3a“\u5b8f\u653e\u4e0e\u5ba3\u6cc4”\u7684\u9ad8\u6c0f\u5144\u5f1f\u827a\u672f\u5c55\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u582a\u8428\u65af\u7684Kemper\u5f53\u4ee3\u827a\u672f\u535a\u7269\u9986\u5c55\u51fa\u3002Arthur Hwang \u4e3a\u8fd9\u6b21\u5c55\u51fa\u4e13\u95e8\u7f16\u5f55\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u6536\u6709\u9ad8\u6c0f\u5144\u5f1f\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u54c1\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u8bc4\u8bba\u7684\u5c55\u54c1\u4e13\u96c6\uff0c\u5728\u8be5\u4e66\u7684\u5f15\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0cHwang\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u827a\u672f\u521b\u4f5c\u6d3b\u52a8\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u5168\u9762\u7684\u8bc4\u8ff0\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u81ea1985\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u9ad8\u6c0f\u5144\u5f1f\u4e00\u76f4\u8fde\u624b\u521b\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4f5c\u54c1\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u827a\u672f\u5a92\u4ecb\uff0c\u4ece\u96d5\u5851\u3001\u7ed8\u753b\u3001\u6444\u5f71\u76f4\u5230\u6570\u5b57\u56fe\u50cf\u3001\u88c5\u7f6e\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u89c2\u60f3\uff08“occurrences”\uff09\u827a\u672f\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u5e7f\u83b7\u8d4f\u8bc6\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u578b\u535a\u7269\u9986\u548c\u79c1\u4eba\u753b\u5eca\u4e2d\u5747\u6709\u5c55\u51fa\u548c\u6536\u85cf\u3002……<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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Hwang\u63a5\u7740\u7279\u522b\u63f4\u5f15\u9ad8\u6c0f\u5144\u5f1f\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u73b0\u5b9e\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u62c5\u5f53\uff1a“\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u60b2\u60e8\u906d\u9047\u3001\u56f0\u96be\u548c\u4e0d\u5e78\u5e94\u6709\u6240\u5173\u6000\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u6ca1\u6709\u906d\u9047\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u5e76\u975e\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u8eab\u4e3a\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\uff0c\u5c31\u5e94\u628a\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u3002”12  \u5728\u4e0e\u8d75\u56fd\u541b\u7684\u8c08\u8bdd\u4e2d\uff0c\u9ad8\u6c0f\u5144\u5f1f\u6b63\u662f\u4ece\u8fd9\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u5b9e\u5173\u6000\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u660e\u786e\u5730\u8c08\u5230\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u5316\u4e86\u5bf9\u6bdb\u50cf\u7684\u5904\u7406\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bdb\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u8eab\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u4eec\u6c11\u65cf\u6765\u8bf4\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6325\u4e4b\u4e0d\u53bb\u7684\u68a6\u9b47\u3002\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u4e0d\u65ad\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u7f6e\u6362\u3001\u620f\u8c11\u3001\u6279\u5224\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f7b\u5e95\u6e05\u6d17\u6bdb\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u53f2\u4ee5\u6765\u6700\u5927\u7684\u66b4\u541b\u72ec\u88c1\u8005\u6d82\u62b9\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u5e37\u5e55\u4e0a\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u6c61\u57a2\uff0c\u6e05\u7b97\u5176\u6240\u72af\u4e0b\u7684\u6df1\u91cd\u7f6a\u5b7d\uff0c\u4ee5\u9a71\u9b54\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u628a\u6bdb\u4ece\u4ed6\u7684\u515a\u7fbd\u548c\u540e\u4ee3\u6253\u9020\u8d77\u7684\u795e\u4f4d\u4e0a\u9a71\u8d76\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd8\u539f\u5176\u5996\u9b54\u771f\u9762\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba9\u4ed6\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u6b21\u7f3a\u5e2d\u7684\u5ba1\u5224\u3002\u53cd\u590d\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u65ad\u88aa\u9b45\u98a0\u8986\u89e3\u6784\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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\r\n
 <\/div>\r\n
\r\n

\u4ee5\u4e0b\u9ad8\u6c0f\u5144\u5f1f\u4f5c\u54c1<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n

\"\"<\/div>\r\n
\r\n

\u56fe<\/span>8   <\/span>\u4f1a\u89c1<\/span> 2007<\/p><\/div>\r\n

 <\/div>\r\n
\"\"<\/div>\r\n
\r\n

\u56fe<\/span>9   <\/span>\u4e94\u5206\u94b1\u5b50\u5f39\u8d39\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55<\/span> 2003<\/p><\/div>\r\n

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\"\"<\/div>\r\n
\u56fe<\/span>10 <\/span>\u67aa\u51b3\u57fa\u7763<\/span> 2009<\/span><\/div>\r\n
 <\/div><\/div>\r\n

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\"\"<\/div>\r\n
\r\n

\u56fe<\/span>11  <\/span><\/font><\/span>\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u662f\u9ab7\u9ac5<\/span>   <\/span>2008<\/font><\/span><\/font><\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n

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\"\"<\/div>\r\n
\r\n

\u56fe<\/span>12 \u6807\u51c6\u53d1\u578b<\/span> 2009<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n

\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5927\u578b\u4e0d\u9508\u94a2\u96d5\u5851\u300a\u6bdb\u5c0f\u59d0\u8bd5\u56fe\u7a33\u7acb\u5217\u5b81\u5934\u9876\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\uff08\u56fe13\uff09 \u90a3\u4e2a\u5728\u5de8\u6076\u5143\u51f6\u5934\u9876\u73a9\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u5c0f\u602a\u7269\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ea\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u6f14\u793a\u7740\u6bdb\u66fe\u7ecf\u6709\u8fc7\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e5f\u8f6c\u55bb\u4e86\u4eca\u65e5\u4ee5“\u4e2d\u56fd\u6a21\u5f0f”\u6216“\u4e2d\u56fd\u7279\u8272\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49”\u81ea\u8be9\u7684\u5c0f\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4eec\u901e\u80fd\u6043\u5f3a\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u3002\u5217\u5b81\u5934\u652f\u6491\u8d77\u7684\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0d\u7ba1\u591a\u4e48\u9ad8\uff0c\u6bd5\u7adf\u5df2\u662f\u5272\u4e0b\u6765\u8857\u5934\u793a\u4f17\u7684\u9996\u7ea7\uff0c\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u652f\u6491\u4e13\u5236\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u8425\u76d8\u4e0a\u4e13\u653f\u7684\u82cf\u8054\u53ca\u4e1c\u6b27\u8bf8\u56fd\u7684\u515a\u5934\u65e9\u90fd\u653e\u4e0b\u8eab\u6bb5\uff0c\u88ab\u8feb\u9000\u51fa\u5386\u53f2\u821e\u53f0\u3002\u5982\u4eca\u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u5c0f\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4eec\u8fd8\u8d56\u5728\u53f0\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f9d\u65e7\u73a9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5371\u9669\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u3002\u7136\u800c\u9760\u5e73\u8861\u6746\u7ef4\u6301\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6bd5\u7adf\u96be\u4ee5\u6301\u4e45\uff0c\u90a3\u597d\u6bd4\u5728\u60ac\u5d16\u4e0a\u6446\u5176\u4fcf\u76ae\u7684\u59ff\u52bf\uff0c\u5f04\u4e0d\u597d\u6454\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u6050\u6015\u8fde\u7d2f\u5f97\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba“\u7403\u7c4d”\u90fd\u4fdd\u4e0d\u4f4f\u4e86\uff01<\/span> \r\n
\"\"<\/div>\r\n
\u56fe<\/span>13 <\/span>\u6bdb\u5c0f\u59d0\u8bd5\u56fe\u7a33\u7acb\u5217\u5b81\u5934\u9876<\/span>   2009<\/span><\/div>\r\n
 <\/div><\/div>\r\n
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\"\"<\/div>\r\n
\r\n

\u56fe<\/span>14  <\/span><\/font><\/span>\u5d29\u6e83<\/span>   <\/span>1998<\/font><\/span><\/font><\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n

\u539f\u6559\u65e8\u7684\u6bdb\u50cf\u5728\u4eca\u65e5\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5df2\u547d\u5982\u6e38\u4e1d\uff0c\u5b83\u5145\u5176\u91cf\u53ea\u80fd\u9644\u7740\u5728\u53d8\u5f02\u7684“\u6bdb\u8d1d\u8d1d”\u8eab\u4e0a\u9634\u9b42\u4e0d\u6563\u3002\u5f69\u8272\u7ea4\u7ef4\u73bb\u7483\u7684\u300a\u6bdb\u5c0f\u59d0\u300b\u5851\u50cf\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c06\u8001\u6bdb\u548c\u5c0f\u6bdb\u4ee5\u53ca\u53ef\u80fd\u6f14\u53d8\u51fa\u7684\u5343\u767e\u4e07\u5c0f\u5c0f\u6bdb\u6df7\u6742\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u9634\u9633\u4eba\uff08androgyny\uff09\u602a\u7269\u3002\uff08\u56fe15\uff09\u6bdb\u5f0f\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u53d1\u578b\u4f9d\u7136\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u8be5\u50cf\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\uff08identity\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u7684\u5a03\u5a03\u8138\u4e0a\u7fd8\u8d77\u7684\u957f\u9f3b\u5b50\u4e00\u773c\u5c31\u8ba9\u4eba\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u9ad8\u6c0f\u5144\u5f1f\u632a\u7528\u4e86\u8fea\u65af\u5c3c\u90a3\u4e2a\u6728\u5076\u4eba\u5339\u8bfa\u66f9\u7684\u9f3b\u5b50\uff08Pinocchio’s nose\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u4e2a\u8bf4\u8c0e\u8bdd\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u8d8a\u8bf4\u8c0e\u8bdd\uff0c\u9f3b\u5b50\u8d8a\u957f\u3002\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5730\u770b\uff0c\u6bdb\u50cf\u672c\u8eab\u5373\u4e2d\u5171\u7528“\u6bdb\u5f62\u8c61”\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u8c0e\u8a00\uff0c\u5b83\u5b58\u5728\u6108\u4e45\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u53d8\u79cd\u4ea7\u54c1\u7e41\u884d\u6108\u591a\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u8c0e\u8a00\u5c31\u6108\u76ca\u81a8\u80c0\u3002\u6bdb\u5c0f\u59d0\u7684\u957f\u9f3b\u5b50\u5373\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f04\u865a\u4f5c\u5047\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u660e\u55bb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a“\u6bdb\u8d1d\u8d1d”\u5177\u6709\u6bd4\u8001\u6bdb\u66f4\u602a\u5f02\u7684\u4e2a\u6027\uff0c\u5979\u90a3\u6076\u8c11\u7684\u9732\u9f7f\u7b11\u770b\u5f97\u4eba\u5934\u76ae\u53d1\u9ebb\uff0c\u8584\u7199\u6765\u7684\u5531\u7ea2\u6253\u9ed1\uff0c\u6bdb\u5de6\u6bdb\u7c89\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e74\u6765\u7684\u62d9\u52a3\u8868\u6f14\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u6076\u4fd7\u900f\u9876\u7684\u7b11\u5bb9\u3002\u8bda\u5982\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u90a3\u53e5\u540d\u8a00\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u8001\u6bdb\u90a3\u573a\u620f\u5df2\u4ee5\u60b2\u5267\u6536\u573a\uff0c“\u6bdb\u8d1d\u8d1d”\u4eec\u82e5\u8bd5\u56fe\u518d\u6f14\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u5c31\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u62d9\u52a3\u7684\u95f9\u5267\u4e2d\u6f14\u4e11\u89d2\u4e86\u3002<\/span> \r\n
\"\"<\/div>\r\n
\r\n

\u56fe<\/span>15 \u6bdb\u5c0f\u59d0<\/span> 2006<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n

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\u4e94<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u771f\u4eba\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u9752\u94dc\u96d5\u50cf\u300a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u6094\u7f6a\u300b\u662f\u9ad8\u6c0f\u5144\u5f1f“\u6bdb\u7cfb\u5217”\u7684\u538b\u5377\u4e4b\u4f5c\uff0c\uff08\u56fe16\uff09\u4e5f\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec“\u53bb\u6bdb”\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u5c01\u7b14\u4e4b\u4f5c\u3002\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u5178\u578b\u7684\u6bdb\u5f0f\u53d1\u578b\uff0c\u8c22\u9876\u7684\u9762\u79ef\u663e\u5f97\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u4ed6\u90a3\u4e16\u6545\u7684\u8870\u8001\u3002\u4ed6\u7aef\u8dea\u5728\u5730\uff0c\u53f3\u624b\u629a\u80f8\uff0c\u5408\u76ee\u76b1\u7709\uff0c\u4f5c\u6094\u7f6a\u72b6\u3002Arthur Hwang\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c“\u8be5\u96d5\u5851\u6df1\u5207\u7684\u611f\u4eba\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u6240\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u666e\u904d\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u672c\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u5e7f\u5927\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u6b64\u7c7b\u89e3\u8131\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u597d\u6700\u7ec8\u5c06\u8fc7\u53bb\u7f6e\u8bf8\u8111\u540e\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec8\u7ed3\uff0c\u4e00\u58f0\u5e73\u548c\u7684\u97f3\u8c03\uff0c\u4e00\u4ef6\u6709\u5173\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u5938\u5f20\u6216\u620f\u5267\u5316\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u96d5\u51ff\u7684\u65a7\u75d5\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u6e29\u5a49\u7684\u54c0\u611f\u3002\u5b83\u5305\u542b\u7740\u5bf9\u6094\u609f\u4e0e\u548c\u89e3\u7684\u671f\u671b\uff0c\u51e1\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u51b2\u7a81\u548c\u66b4\u884c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u666e\u904d\u90fd\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u4e92\u76f8\u8ba4\u53ef\u7684\u6e34\u6c42\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8be5\u4f5c\u54c1\u4fbf\u8d8a\u51fa\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u5730\u57df\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u4eba\u6027\u548c\u5bbd\u6055\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u6cdb\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u3002\u5728\u666e\u904d\u641c\u6c42\u538b\u8feb\u8005\u7684\u7f6a\u8bc1\u548c\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u8981\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u6e05\u7b97\u7684\u4eca\u65e5\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u5c31\u5f88\u6df1\u8fdc\u4e86\u3002”16 <\/span>\r\n
\"\"<\/div>\r\n
\u56fe<\/span>16 <\/span>\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u6094\u7f6a<\/span>   2009<\/span><\/div>\r\n
 <\/div><\/div>\r\n
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\"\"<\/div>\r\n
\r\n

\u56fe<\/span>17 <\/font><\/span>\u90d1\u5dde\u56db\u9752\u5e74\u6495\u6bdb\u50cf<\/span><\/font><\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n

\u5851\u50cf\u300a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u6094\u7f6a\u300b\u6240\u6697\u793a\u7684\u662f\u53ec\u5524\u4e2d\u5171\u5f53\u5c40\u5bf9\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4f5c\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u6e05\u7b97\uff0c\u8fd9\u547c\u58f0\u4ece\u8305\u4e8e\u8f7c\u53d1\u8868\u8ba8\u6bdb\u6a84\u6587\u5230\u94c1\u6d41\u8001\u4eba\u8c41\u51fa\u8001\u547d\u6279\u6bdb\uff0c\u4ece\u515a\u5185\u7684\u674e\u9510\u3001\u8f9b\u5b50\u9675\u51fa\u6279\u6bdb\u4e13\u8457\u5230\u90d1\u5dde\u56db\u9752\u5e74\u516c\u5f00\u7684\u6495\u6bdb\u50cf\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\uff08\u56fe17\uff09\u5728\u5728\u90fd\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u6279\u6bdb\u9ad8\u6f6e\u7684\u52bf\u4e0d\u53ef\u6321\u3002\u300a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u6094\u7f6a\u300b\u9884\u6f14\u4e86\u6279\u6bdb\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8f6c\u578b\u6b63\u4e49\u624d\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u548c\u8c10\u524d\u666f\u3002\u5c31\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u524d\u666f\u4ecd\u8fdc\u5728\u4e07\u4e08\u7ea2\u5c18\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u95f4\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u969c\u788d\u8fdc\u975e\u9ad8\u6c0f\u5144\u5f1f\u7684\u51e0\u4ef6\u4f5c\u54c1\u548c\u7b14\u8005\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bc4\u8bba\u6240\u80fd\u7406\u6e05\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4e4f\u548c\u89e3\u7684\u671f\u671b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u6e34\u6c42\u76f8\u4e92\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u88ab\u8ba4\u53ef\u7684\u5f53\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53c8\u80fd\u51ed\u4ec0\u4e48\u6c42\u5f97\u548c\u89e3\uff01\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u641c\u6c42\u538b\u8feb\u8005\u7684\u7f6a\u8bc1\u548c\u4e0d\u65ad\u8fdb\u884c\u6e05\u7b97\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c31\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u987d\u5f3a\u800c\u75b2\u60eb\u5730\u5192\u9669\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c“\u53bb\u6bdb”\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\u5c24\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\u3002\u795d\u613f\u9ad8\u6c0f\u5144\u5f1f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5fd7\u540c\u9053\u5408\u8005\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u7a77\u8ffd\u4e0d\u820d\uff0c\u5404\u5c3d\u5176\u80fd\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u672c\u4eba\u4e5f\u613f\u6295\u8eab\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5171\u52c9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

2012\u5e7412\u670831\u65e5<\/span> \r\n
<\/font> <\/div><\/div>\r\n


\u6ce8<\/span>
            <\/p>\r\n

1\u57c3\u5fb7\u52a0•\u65af\u8bfa\uff0c\u300a\u897f\u884c\u6f2b\u8bb0\u300b\uff08\u8463\u4e50\u5c71\u8bd1\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e1c\u65b9\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2010\uff09\uff0c\u987573\u3002<\/span>
2 Daniel Leese, “Mao the Man and Mao the Icon”, see A Critical Introduction to Mao, edited by Timothy Cheek (Cambridge University Press, 2110), p. 222.<\/span>
3\u53c2\u770b\u4e38\u7530\u5b5d\u5fd7\u3001\u5218\u6656\uff0c\u300a\u56fd\u65d7\u3001\u9886\u8896\u50cf:\u4e2d\u5171\u6839\u636e\u5730\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\uff081937-1949\uff09\u300b\uff0c\u89c1\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\u8bc4\u8bba\u300b\u7b2c\u5341\u5377\uff08\u5929\u6d25\u53e4\u7c4d\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2009\uff09\uff0c\u9875323-341\u3002<\/span>
4\u540c\u6ce82\uff0cp. 239.<\/span>
5\u9004\u5148\u77e5\u3001\u91d1\u51b2\u53ca\u4e3b\u7f16\uff0c\u300a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4f20\uff081949-1976\uff09\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u592e\u6587\u732e\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2003\uff09\uff0c\u9875802\u3002<\/span>
6\u674e\u9510\uff0c\u300a\u5927\u8dc3\u8fdb\u4eb2\u5386\u8bb0\u300b\u4e0a\u518c\uff08\u6d77\u53e3\uff1a\u5357\u65b9\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1999\uff09\uff0c\u9875212\u3001215\u3001188\u3002<\/span>
7\u540c\u6ce82\uff0cp.220.<\/span>
8\u89c1\u300a\u515a\u53f2\u7eb5\u89c8\u300b\uff0c2008\u5e74\u7b2c5\u671f\u3002<\/span>
9\u89c1“\u7eb5\u89c8\u4e2d\u56fd”\u7f51\u520a\uff08<\/span>http:\/\/www.chinainperspective.com\/ArtShow.aspx?AID=18617<\/span><\/a>\uff09\u3002<\/span>
10\u540c\u6ce82\uff0cp. 239.<\/span>
11\u89c1\u6731\u5176\u300a\u6ce2\u666e\u4f7f\u653f\u6cbb\u80a4\u6d45\u5316\u300b\uff0c\u89c1“\u827a\u672f\u6863\u6848”\u7f51\u7ad9\uff08<\/span>http:\/\/www.artda.cn\/www\/1\/2011-09\/5688.html<\/span><\/a> \uff09\u3002<\/span>
12 The Gao Brothers: Grandeur & Catharsis, edited by Arthur Hwang (Kansas City: Kemper Museum of Contemporary, 2010). p. 11, 12.<\/span>
13\u8d75\u56fd\u541b\u300a\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u5c31\u662f\u597d\u4f5c\u54c1\uff1a\u5bf9\u8bdd\u9ad8\u6c0f\u5144\u5f1f\u300b\uff0c\u89c1\u8d75\u7684“\u65b0\u6d6a\u535a\u5ba2”\uff08<\/span>http:\/\/blog.sina.com.cn\/s\/blog_5506750301018w53.html<\/span><\/a> \uff09\u3002<\/span>
14\u540c\u6ce812\uff0cp.133. \u6b64\u5904\u5f15\u6587\u4e43\u5f15\u81ea\u674e\u5fc3\u6cab\u672a\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u539f\u6587\uff08\u300a\u7528\u827a\u672f\u5851\u9020\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a\u9ad8\u6c0f\u5144\u5f1f\u300b\uff09\u3002<\/span>
15\u540c\u6ce813\u3002<\/span>
16\u540c\u6ce812\uff0cp. 15.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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