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4b\u5217\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

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\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u827a\u672f\u6211\u8fd8\u662f\u660e\u767d\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7591\u60d1\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u73b0\u5728\u4f9d\u7136\u5982\u9c81\u8fc5\u6240\u8a00\uff1a“\u6240\u8c13\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6587\u660e\u8005\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u5b89\u6392\u7ed9\u9614\u4eba\u4eab\u7528\u7684\u4eba\u8089\u7684\u7b75\u5e2d\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u4e2d\u56fd\u8005\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u5b89\u6392\u8fd9\u4eba\u8089\u7684\u7b75\u5e2d\u7684\u53a8\u623f\u3002”\u9c81\u8fc5\u8fd8\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e5f\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u4eba\uff1a“\u4e3b\u5b50”\u548c“\u5974\u624d”\uff1a“\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u65e9\u5df2\u5e03\u7f6e\u59a5\u8d34\u4e86\uff0c\u6709\u8d35\u8d31\uff0c\u6709\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u6709\u4e0a\u4e0b\u3002\u81ea\u5df1\u88ab\u4eba\u51cc\u8650\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cc\u8650\u522b\u4eba\uff1b\u81ea\u5df1\u88ab\u4eba\u5403\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5403\u522b\u4eba\u3002\u4e00\u7ea7\u4e00\u7ea7\u7684\u5236\u9a6d\u7740\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u52a8\u5f39\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u60f3\u52a8\u5f39\u4e86\u3002”\uff08\u300a\u9c81\u8fc5\u5168\u96c6\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5377\uff0c\u300a\u575f\uff1a\u706f\u4e0b\u6f2b\u7b14\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c195-200\u9875\uff0c\u5510\u5c71\u51fa\u7248\u793e1989\u5e74\u7248\uff09\u3002\u6211\u60f3\u63a2\u51fa\u7684\u7a76\u7adf\u7b54\u6848\u65e0\u975e\u662f\uff0c\u6709\u7279\u6743\u7684\u4eba\u5f53\u7136\u4e50\u4e8e\u505a\u4e3b\u5b50\uff0c\u5c0f\u4eba\u7269\u4e5f\u5b89\u4e8e\u505a“\u5974\u624d”\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5c31\u50cf\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b88\u95e8\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\uff08\u6216\u5979\uff09\u90fd\u6709\u673a\u4f1a“\u51cc\u8650\u522b\u4eba”\u3002\u4e00\u9053\u9053\u5173\u5361\u3001\u4e00\u9053\u9053\u95e8\u5c31\u5fc5\u7136\u6210\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u4ece“\u5974\u624d”\u6447\u8eab\u53d8\u4e3a“\u4e3b\u5b50”\u7684\u620f\u53f0\uff0c\u4e5f\u6210\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5c42\u5c42\u76d8\u5265\u63a0\u593a\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u7684\u673a\u5173\u3002\u5f53\u6574\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e5f\u5c31\u6210\u4e86“\u95e8\u536b\u56fd\u5bb6”\u6216\u8005“\u5b88\u95e8\u4eba\u56fd\u5bb6”\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u7f8e\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u91cc\u514b?\u5e93\u73c0\uff08Frederick Cooper\uff09\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u540e\u6b96\u6c11\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u975e\u6d32\u4e13\u5236\u653f\u6743\u65f6\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86“\u5b88\u95e8\u4eba\u56fd\u5bb6”\uff08the gatekeeper state\uff09\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u89c1\u4ed6\u7684Africa since 1940\uff09\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u7684\u65b0\u5174\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u72ec\u7acb\u540e\u5c3d\u7ba1\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4f9d\u7136\u53ea\u662f\u63a7\u5236\u7740\u51e0\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7684“\u95e8”\u6765\u652b\u53d6\u8d44\u6e90\u3001\u5206\u914d\u673a\u4f1a\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u6743\u8d35\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u836b\u62a4\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u672c\u56fd\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u5546\u4e1a\u4ea4\u5f80\u7684\u6d77\u5173\uff0c\u672c\u56fd\u8d27\u5e01\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u8d27\u5e01\u5151\u6362\u7684\u5916\u6c47\u7ba1\u5236\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u5b98\u50da\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u4eba\u4e8b\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u5ba1\u6279\u51c6\u5165\u5404\u4e2a\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002“\u5b88\u95e8\u4eba\u56fd\u5bb6”\u901a\u5e38\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u63a7\u5236\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u672b\u7aef\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u5b98\u50da\u4f53\u7cfb\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u5728\u5b98\u50da\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u8150\u8d25\u5206\u8d43\u548c\u88d9\u5e26\u5173\u7cfb\u5f25\u6f2b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u6781\u6613\u5815\u843d\u4e3a\u63a0\u593a\u6027\u56fd\u5bb6\u6216“\u7a83\u8d3c\u56fd\u5bb6”\u3002\u8499\u535a\u6258\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u624e\u4f0a\u5c14\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u6848\u4f8b\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c“\u5b88\u95e8\u4eba\u56fd\u5bb6”\u628a\u63a7\u5236\u4eba\u624d\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5404\u4e2a“\u95e8”\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u62ac\u5f97\u5982\u6b64\u4e4b\u9ad8\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u6597\u4e89\u7ecf\u5e38\u53c8\u96c6\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a“\u95e8\u6237”\u4e89\u593a\u6216\u8005\u662f\u60f3\u65b9\u8bbe\u6cd5\u7ed5\u8fc7\u5404\u79cd“\u95e8\u69db”\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u91cc\uff0c\u6709\u7279\u6743\u7684“\u8d70\u540e\u95e8”\uff0c\u6709\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6536\u4e70\u95e8\u623f\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b88\u6cd5\u6709\u672c\u4e8b\u7684“\u7ffb\u5899”\uff0c\u9075\u7eaa\u5b88\u6cd5\u7684\u826f\u6c11\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u78b0\u5230“\u95e8\u96be\u8fdb\u3001\u8138\u96be\u770b\u3001\u4e8b\u96be\u529e”\u7684\u7a98\u5883\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

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