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\/><br \/><strong>\u7ed3\u8bed\uff1a\u6587\u5316\u8f6c\u578b\u6700\u4e3a\u5fc5\u8981<\/strong><br \/><br 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\/>\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f9d\u636e\u5386\u53f2\u6765\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u571f\u8033\u5176\uff08\u7a81\u53a5\uff09\u4ece\u86ee\u5316\uff08\u5e7f\u4e49\u5308\u5974\u72b6\u6001\uff09\u800c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u518d\u4e3a\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5316\u52a0\u5165\u51ef\u672a\u5c14\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e16\u4fd7\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u4eca\u65e5\u6709\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5168\u7403\u6027\u7ecf\u5178\u3002\u6b64\u7c7b\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u6027\u4f8b\u5b50\u8fd8\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u5982\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u7ecf\u7531\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u6b96\u6c11\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u5360\u9886\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u79fb\u690d\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u4eca\u65e5\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u653f\u6cbb\uff1b\u518d\u5982\u53f0\u6e7e\u5730\u533a\u4fdd\u7559\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u534e\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u518d\u878d\u5165\u4e16\u754c\u6027\u516c\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4fe8\u7136\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u95f4\u81ea\u7531\u529b\u91cf\u6240\u5411\u5f80\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u5723\u5730\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u6ce8\uff1a2013\u5e741\u6708\u4e2d\u65ec\u6784\u601d\uff08\u4e0a\u4e0b\u7bc7\uff09\uff0c\u4e0b\u65ec\u51c6\u5907\u6587\u732e\u5e76\u521d\u7a3f\uff1b2\u67081\u65e5\u5b9a\u7a3f\u4e8e\u542b\u6eaa\u6d41\uff08\u65b0\uff09\u4e66\u623f\uff0c\u5c0f\u57ce\u6cca\u5934\u3002<br \/><br \/><br \/>\u6ce8\u91ca\u90e8\u5206\uff1a<br \/>[1]\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f53\u5236\u5185\u7126\u8651\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u4e3e\u8bc1\uff0c\u53ef\u53c2\u89c1\u6211\u63a5\u53d7\u300a\u96f6\u516b\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\u6708\u520a\u4e66\u9762\u91c7\u8bbf\u7684\u7b54\u5f55\uff082012\u5e7412\u670810\u65e5\uff09\uff0c\u4ea6\u53ef\u53c2\u89c1\u6211\u7684\u7f51\u6613\u535a\u5ba22012\u5e7412\u670818\u65e5\u6240\u53d1\u535a\u6587\u3002\u539f\u6587\u73af\u5883\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e3a\uff1a&#8220;\u81f3\u4e8e\u4ed6\uff08\u80e1\u9526\u6d9b\uff09\u5ba3\u79f0\u4e0d\u8d70&#8216;\u90aa\u8def&#8217;\uff0c\u662f\u4ee3\u8868\u96c6\u4f53\u8868\u8fbe\u7126\u8651\u611f\u3002\u96c6\u4f53\u7126\u8651\u611f\u8fd9\u4e1c\u897f\u5f88\u538b\u4eba\u7684\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u4e2a\u4eba\u5145\u5f53\u6e32\u6cc4\u53e3\uff0c\u524d\u82cf\u8054\u65f6\u4ee3\u6208\u5c14\u5df4\u4e54\u592b\u7684&#8216;\u524d\u540e\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u903b\u8f91\u6df7\u4e71&#8217;\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u3002&#8221;<br \/>[2]\u53c2\u89c1\u5468\u745e\u91d1\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e\u300a\u708e\u9ec4\u6625\u79cb\u300b\u6742\u5fd72013\u5e741\u6708\u53f7\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c&#8220;\u5baa\u6cd5\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5171\u8bc6&#8221;\u3002\u8be5\u6587\u5bf9\u6587\u5316\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\uff08\u5341\u4e03\u5c4a\u516d\u4e2d\u5168\u4f1a\u51b3\u5b9a\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u4ea6\u5bf9\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u63a5\u624b\u6700\u9ad8\u515a\u6743\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4ee5\u5341\u516b\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u8d77\u8349\u7ec4\u957f\u7684\u8eab\u4efd&#8220;\u7ec8\u5c06\u666e\u4e16\u4ef7\u503c\u5217\u5165\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u6838\u5fc3\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u8303\u7574&#8221;\u8868\u793a\u8d5e\u8d4f\u3002<br \/>[3]\u6c5f\u7684\u672a\u88ab\u80e1\u8ba4\u771f\u5bf9\u5f85\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u4e4b\u8bba\uff0c\u5176\u4f50\u8bc1\u5728\u4e8e\u6c5f\u7684\u5341\u516d\u5927\u62a5\u544a\u300a\u5168\u9762\u5efa\u8bbe\u5c0f\u5eb7\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u5f00\u521b\u4e2d\u56fd\u7279\u8272\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e8b\u4e1a\u65b0\u5c40\u9762\u300b\uff082002\uff09\uff0c\u4e13\u5c06&#8220;\u6587\u5316\u5efa\u8bbe\u548c\u6587\u5316\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769&#8221;\u5217\u4e3a\u5341\u9879\u4efb\u52a1\u4e4b\u4e00\uff08\u5341\u4e2a\u5c0f\u6807\u9898\u7684\u7b2c\u516d\u4e2a\uff09\u3002\u53ef\u53c2\u89c1\u300a\u6c5f\u6cfd\u6c11\u6587\u9009\u300b\uff08\u7b2c\u4e09\u5377\uff09\uff0cP 558\uff08\u5168\u6587\uff0cP528-575\uff09\uff0c\u6c5f\u9009\u7248\u672c\uff1a\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2006\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5341\u9879\u4efb\u52a1\u4e4b\u516d\u7684&#8220;\u6587\u5316\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769&#8221;\u663e\u7136\u5728\u5341\u516d\u5c4a\u5185\u4ee5\u53ca\u5341\u4e03\u5c4a\u7684\u5927\u591a\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u63d0\u53ca\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5341\u4e03\u5c4a\u516d\u4e2d\u5168\u4f1a\uff082011\uff09\u4e0e\u5f53\u521d\u4e4b\u8bba\u9694\u4e86\u4e5d\u5e74\uff0c\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u6025\u5207\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e4b\u8ff9\u8c61\u3002<br \/>[4]\u91cd\u5e86\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216\u5c06\u5f71\u54cd\u5baa\u6cd5\uff0c\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\u800c\u4e3a\u6c5f\u8584\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u7a81\u51fa\u4e8e\u5531\u7ea2\u7684\u6587\u5316\u529f\u80fd\u4e0a\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u5b83\u6216\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u51fa\u8def\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u89c1\u4e2d\u56fd\u65b0\u95fb\u7f512011\u5e744\u670819\u65e5\u8f6c\u520a\u300a\u91cd\u5e86\u65e5\u62a5\u300b\u62a5\u9053\uff0c&#8220;\u674e\u6e90\u6f6e\uff1a\u91cd\u5e86\u6539\u9769\u4e3a\u7834\u89e3\u4e2d\u56fd\u9762\u4e34\u96be\u9898\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b0\u601d\u8def&#8221;\u3002<br \/>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6b64\u70b9\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u7279\u8d28\uff0c\u6211\u89c6\u4e4b\u4e3a&#8220;\u4e2d\u56fd\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5c01\u5efa\u4e3b\u4e49\u6027\u8d28&#8221;\u4f50\u8bc1\u3002\u53ef\u53c2\u89c1\u62d9\u6587\uff0c&#8220;\u5e38\u59d4\u539f\u6765\u4e0d\u8bfb\u4e66&#8212;&#8212;\u8bba\u4e2d\u56fd\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5c01\u5efa\u4e3b\u4e49\u6027\u8d28&#8221;\uff0c\u8f7d\u4e8e\u300a\u96f6\u516b\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\u6708\u520a2013\u5e741\u670816\u65e5\u3002<br \/>[5]\u5b58\u5728\u53e6\u5916\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u300a\u4e89\u9e23\u300b\u6742\u5fd72013\u5e741\u6708\u53f7\u520a\u6587\uff0c&#8220;\u6c6a\u6d0b\u91cd\u8fd4\u56fd\u52a1\u9662&#8212;&#8212;\u674e\u6e90\u6f6e\u66ff\u5341\u4e03\u5c4a\u516d\u5e38\u59d4\u80cc\u9ed1\u9505&#8221;\uff08\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u53f8\u5f92\u4e91\u864e\uff09\u3002\u62ab\u9732\u8bf4\uff1a\u674e\u6e90\u6f6e\u4ee5&#8220;\u51b2\u4e0a\u524d\u53bb&#8221;\u7684\u59ff\u6001\u5439\u6367\u91cd\u5e86\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86&#8220;\u674e\u6e90\u6f6e\u4e3a\u516d\u5e38\u59d4\u80cc\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u9ed1\u9505&#8221;\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<br \/>[6]\u8bcd\u7684\u66b4\u653f\uff0c\u672c\u7cfb\u54f2\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u521d\u89c1\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u65af\u56fe\u4e9a\u7279&#8226;\u5207\u65af\uff08Stuart Chase\uff09\u7684\u540c\u540d\u8457\u540d\uff08Tyranny of Words\uff0c1938\uff0c\u5c1a\u65e0\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\uff09\u3002\u8be5\u4e66\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u8bed\u8a00\u62bd\u8c61\u75c5\u5f15\u8d77\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0d\u5065\u5168\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u793e\u4f1a\u6df7\u4e71\u548c\u66b4\u529b\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u8bcd\u7684\u66b4\u653f\u3002\u8f6c\u5f15\u81ea\u845b\u529b\u4e3b\u7f16\u7684\u300a\u73b0\u4ee3\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b66\u8bcd\u5178\u300b\uff0cP274\uff0c\u540c\u540d\u6761\u76ee\uff1b\u845b\u7f16\u7248\u672c\uff1a\u6c42\u5b9e\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1991\u3002<br \/>[7]\u53c2\u89c1\u535a\u8baf\u7f512013\u5e741\u670827\u65e5\u8f6c\u5f15\u81ea\u7531\u4e9a\u6d32\u7535\u53f0\uff08RFA\uff09\u62a5\u9053\uff0c&#8220;\u81ea\u6211\u8ff7\u4fe1\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u81ea\u6211\u6279\u8bc4&#8212;&#8212;\u548c\u524d\u5e38\u59d4\u674e\u957f\u6625\u5546\u69b7&#8221;\uff08\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u9c8d\u5f64\uff09\u3002<br \/>[8]\u662f\u4e3a\u6bd5\u4eac\u4eac\u4e3b\u7f16\u300a\u63a8\u52a8\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u6587\u5316\u5927\u53d1\u5c55\u5927\u7e41\u8363\u5b66\u4e60\u8bfb\u672c\u300b\uff08\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2011\u5e7411\u6708\uff09\u3002<br \/>[9]\u540c[8]\uff0cP35\u3002<br \/>[10]\u540c[8]\uff0c P60\u3002<br \/>[11]\u662f\u4e3a\u6768\u51e4\u57ce\u4e3b\u7f16\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u6210\u529f\u7684\u300b\uff08\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2012\u5e7411\u6708\uff09\u3002<br \/>[12]\u540c[11]\uff0cP51-52\u3002<br \/>[13]\u53c2\u89c1\u5f90\u8d32\u4e3a\u51af\u4f1f\u8bc4David Livingstone Smith\u300a\u975e\u4eba&#8212;&#8212;\u4e3a\u4f55\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u8d2c\u4f4e\u3001\u5974\u5f79\u3001\u4f24\u5bb3\u4ed6\u4eba\u300b\u6240\u5199\u7684\u5e8f\u8a00\uff0c&#8220;\u975e\u4eba\u7684\u5996\u9b54\u5316\u548c\u5f02\u5316&#8221;\uff0cP2\uff08\u5e8f\u8a00\u5355\u53e6\u9875\u7801\uff0cP1-12\uff09\uff1b\u51af\u8bd1\u7248\u672c\uff1a\u91cd\u5e86\u51fa\u7248\u96c6\u56e2&#8226;\u91cd\u5e86\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2012\u3002\u539f\u7248\uff1aMartin&#8217;s Press\uff0c2011\u3002<br \/>[14]\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7eaf\u5b66\u672f\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u51fa\u4e8e[13]\u6240\u6307\u8bd1\u8457\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u672a\u5f62\u6210\u4e13\u6587\u3002\u5728\u975e\u4eba\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<br \/>[15]&amp;[16]\uff0c\u540c[13]\uff0cP7\u3002<br \/>[17]\u53c2\u89c1\u6c49\u5a1c&#8226;\u963f\u4f26\u7279\u8457\u300a\u8bba\u9769\u547d\u300b\uff08\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\uff0c\u9648\u5468\u65fa\u8bd1\uff09\uff0cP114\uff1b\u9648\u8bd1\u7248\u672c\uff1a\u51e4\u51f0\u4f20\u5a92\u96c6\u56e2&#8226;\u8bd1\u6797\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2011\u3002\u539f\u7248Viking Penguin\uff0c1963\/1965\u3002<br \/>[18]\u53c2\u89c1\u5a01\u5ec9&#8226;\u51af&#8226;\u6d2a\u5821\u8457\u300a\u8bba\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u300b\uff08\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\uff0c\u675c\u8363\u8fdc\u3001\u51af\u5174\u5143\u8bd1\uff09\uff0cP37\uff1b\u675c\u51af\u8bd1\u7248\u672c\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1998\u3002\u539f\u7248\uff1aPhilipp Reclam jun GmbH&amp;Co,Stuttgart\uff0c1967\u3002<br \/>[19]\u540c[18]\uff0cP42\u3002<br 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