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20\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u9ea6\u5361\u9521\u4e3b\u4e49\u66fe\u55a7\u56a3\u4e00\u65f6\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u5927\u91cf\u51a4\u6848\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u8fd9\u8d77\u91cd\u5927\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u8111\u5b50\u91cc\u53ea\u5269\u4e0b“\u9ea6\u5361\u9521”\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e00\u4e2a\u5149\u79c3\u79c3\u800c\u81ed\u540d\u662d\u8457\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u9057\u5fd8\u4e86\u8bf1\u53d1\u8fd9\u4e00\u707e\u96be\u6027\u516c\u5171\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684“\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d.\u67cf\u7279\u4e3d”(Elizabeth Bentley)\u95f4\u8c0d\u81ea\u9996\u6848\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u67cf\u7279\u4e3d\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u3001\u82cf\u8054\u95f4\u8c0d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e0e\u82cf\u65b9\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u4e3a\u4fdd\u547d\u800c\u5411\u8054\u90a6\u8c03\u67e5\u5c40(FBI)\u81ea\u9996\uff0c\u5979\u4ea4\u51fa\u4e00\u4efd150\u540d\u95f4\u8c0d\u7684\u540d\u5355\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u670937\u4f4d\u662f\u8054\u90a6\u96c7\u5458——\u8fd9\u4efd\u540d\u5355\u5e76\u83b7\u5f97\u591a\u6e20\u9053\u5370\u8bc1\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6b64\u524d\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u54e5\u68ee\u79d1(Igor Gouzenko)\u95f4\u8c0d\u6848\u3002\u53f8\u6cd5\u7684\u65e0\u7f6a\u63a8\u5b9a\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6b63\u4e49\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u81ea\u9996\u95f4\u8c0d\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f8\u4e92\u5370\u8bc1\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u6548\u529b\u5f88\u5f31\uff0c150\u540d\u5acc\u7591\u95f4\u8c0d\u56e0\u6b64\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u5b9a\u7f6a\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f9b\u804c\u4e8e\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u8fd9\u6210\u4e3a\u9ea6\u5361\u9521\u4e3b\u4e49\u5174\u8d77\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8d77\u56e0\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\u65e0\u7f6a\u63a8\u5b9a\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6b63\u4e49\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee5\u6b64\u5426\u5b9a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c\u4e94\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u7b49\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u91cd\u8981\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6027\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u521a\u6027\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u5b81\u53ef\u6789\u653e\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u51a4\u6291\u5df2\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u6cd5\u6cbb\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002“\u67cf\u7279\u4e3d—\u9ea6\u5361\u9521”\u73b0\u8c61\u8868\u660e\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u53f8\u6cd5\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u6f0f\u6d1e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u516c\u6c11\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u8870\u8d25\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7591\u95ee\u662f\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u6709\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u4eba\u4e3a\u82cf\u8054\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u79c1\u6743\u795e\u5723\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u77e5\u8bc6\u4eba\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7cbe\u901a\u4e09\u95e8\u5916\u8bed\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4e8e\u540d\u6821\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u67cf\u7279\u4e3d\uff09\u5fc3\u7518\u60c5\u613f\u3001\u8654\u8bda\u4ece\u4e8b\u88ab\u540e\u4e16\u8bc1\u660e\u611a\u8822\u81f3\u6781\u7684“\u4e8b\u4e1a”\uff1f——\u90a3\u65f6\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u65e9\u5df2\u4e0d\u662f\u79d8\u5bc6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u95f4\u8c0d\uff0c\u6216\u53ef\u731c\u6d4b\u9ea6\u5361\u9521\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5f97\u4e00\u65f6\u4e4b\u901e\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u6247\u7a97\u53e3\u671b\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u6e05\u6670\u53ef\u89c1\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u672c\u5065\u5eb7\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u8d25\u574f\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u5236\u5ea6\u6000\u6709\u523b\u9aa8\u4ec7\u6068\u7684\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4eba\u6f5c\u5165\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u66ff\u82cf\u8054\u5f53\u95f4\u8c0d\uff0c\u8981\u6bc1\u706d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4eba\u6570\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5c11\uff0c\u800c\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u5373\u4f7f\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u65e0\u53ef\u5948\u4f55\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8981\u4fdd\u62a4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u4eba\u4e00\u65e6\u6293\u72c2\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210\u9ea6\u5361\u9521\uff1a\u4e27\u5931\u7406\u667a\u3001\u8349\u6728\u7686\u5175\u3001\u51a4\u6848\u9891\u53d1\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6076\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u597d\u7684\u5584\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u5f80\u5f80\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u8bb8\u591a\u6f0f\u6d1e\uff0c\u5584\u884c\u5e38\u5e38\u4e0d\u662f\u6076\u884c\u7684\u5bf9\u624b\uff0c\u5584\u884c\u6709\u4f26\u7406\u81ea\u5f8b\uff0c\u6076\u884c\u65e0\u6240\u987e\u5fcc\u3002\u5065\u5eb7\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u57fa\u7840\u662f\u5584\u884c\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u4e0d\u4f5c\u6076\uff0c\u82e5\u6076\u884c\u5360\u4e86\u6781\u5927\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e34\u754c\u70b9\uff0c\u597d\u5236\u5ea6\u5c31\u4f1a\u8f70\u7136\u800c\u6e83\uff0c\u6076\u5236\u5ea6\u968f\u4e4b\u60a0\u7136\u800c\u7acb\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u798f\u697c\u62dc(Gustave Flaubert)\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff1a“\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u82e5\u8fc7\u5206\u957f\u4e45\u5730\u4f20\u5e03\u5584\u7f8e\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u767d\u75f4\u3002”\u6240\u8c13\u767d\u75f4\uff0c\u65e0\u975e\u5728\u7f8e\u5584\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5bf9\u6076\u4e27\u5931\u654f\u611f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u90fd\u4f1a\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u53c2\u52a0\u8001\u670b\u53cb\u805a\u4f1a\u65f6\u9047\u5230\u4f2a\u88c5\u6210\u5f00\u73a9\u7b11\u7684\u6076\u610f\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u88ab\u4f24\u5bb3\u8005\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u8212\u670d\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u50bb\u4e4e\u4e4e\u5730\u5584\u610f\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e00\u822c\u73a9\u7b11\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8fc7\u4e86\u5f88\u4e45\u624d\u731b\u7684\u604d\u7136\u5927\u609f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u53cd\u5e94\u8fdf\u949d\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8001\u670b\u53cb\u6ca1\u6709\u6076\u7684\u9884\u9632\u6027\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e27\u5931\u4e86\u53cd\u5e94\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u957f\u5c45\u81ea\u7531\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5bf9\u6076\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4f30\u8ba1\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6076\u884c\u6781\u4e25\u91cd\u65f6\u624d\u53cd\u5e94\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a\u65f6\u5df2\u665a\u3002\u516c\u5171\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u53cd\u5e94\u8fdf\u949d\u5e38\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u6076\u7684\u59d1\u606f\u548c\u7ee5\u9756\uff0c\u4eba\u56e0\u60ef\u4e8e\u4e0d\u4f5c\u6076\uff0c\u60ef\u4e8e\u884c\u5584\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u53cd\u51fb\u6076\u65f6\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u800c\u65e0\u6240\u4f5c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u6700\u6613\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u65e0\u80fd\u3002\u5f53\u5e74\u82f1\u56fd\u9996\u76f8\u5f20\u4f2f\u4f26\u5bf9\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u5c61\u6b21\u4e09\u756a\u5730\u59a5\u534f\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5916\u4ea4\u4e0a\u60ef\u6709\u7684\u80cc\u4fe1\u5f03\u4e49\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u6050\u6015\u4e5f\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u6076\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8db3\u591f\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u80fd\u9884\u6599\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u72af\u4e0b\u90a3\u4e9b\u611a\u8822\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u7f57\u7d20(Bertrand Russell)\u3001\u963f\u4f26\u7279(Hannah Arendt)\u90fd\u66fe\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u6c11\u4e3b\u5baa\u653f\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\u81ea\u7531\u949d\u5316\u3001\u51b7\u6f20\u5316\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7f57\u7d20\u56e0\u6b64\u63d0\u51fa\u53d1\u5c55\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u8fc7\u6709\u521b\u9020\u6027\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff1b\u963f\u4f26\u7279\u5219\u63d0\u51fa\u5c0f\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u8fc7\u5927\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u642d\u4fbf\u8f66\u7684\u4eba\u8fc7\u591a\uff0c\u800c\u5c0f\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u4e2d\u4eba\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u9003\u907f\u653f\u6cbb\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u8bf4\u6613\u884c\u96be\uff0c\u5728\u5236\u5ea6\u672a\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u653f\u6cbb\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u5730\uff0c\u6c42\u81ea\u7531\u82e5\u6e34\u8005\u6216\u8bb8\u8981\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u7ec8\u751f\u594b\u6597\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u62e5\u6709\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u4e4b\u5730\uff0c\u8981\u6fc0\u53d1\u653f\u6cbb\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6d3b\u529b\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u975e\u5f97\u9002\u5f53\u4e3b\u52a8\u4ecb\u5165\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0d\u53ef\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u51b7\u6f20\u5728\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u5177\u4f53\u5230\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u7b97\u662f\u6d88\u6781\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u82e5\u666e\u904d\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5c31\u4f1a “\u5815\u843d\u5230\u9700\u8981\u4e13\u5236\u653f\u5e9c”\uff0c\u628a\u516c\u5171\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u5168\u7559\u7ed9\u5c45\u5fc3\u53f5\u6d4b\u7684\u653f\u5ba2\u548c\u90a3\u4e9b\u70ed\u60c5\u6709\u4f59\u6cbb\u56fd\u667a\u6167\u4e0d\u8db3——\u4f1a\u5c06\u56fd\u5bb6\u9001\u8fdb\u5730\u72f1——\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u624b\u91cc\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7(Aristotle)\u8ba4\u4e3a\u57ce\u90a6\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u57fa\u5ea7\u662f\u611b\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u4f9d\u6258\u4e8e\u6b63\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u81ea\u7531\u6b63\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u4e0d\u4f5c\u6076\u56fa\u7136\u662f\u57ce\u90a6\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5e95\u7ebf\uff0c\u4f46\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4e0d\u4f5c\u6076\u8fd8\u8fdc\u4e0d\u591f——\u53cd\u51fb\u6076\u5c31\u662f\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u6821\u6b63\u6027\u6b63\u4e49\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u53d1\u6325\u5176\u5e94\u5f53\u53d1\u6325\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u5c31\u9508\u6389\u4e86\u3002<\/font><\/p>\r\n

2013\u5e742\u670816\u65e5\u4e8e\u7ebd\u7ea6<\/font><\/p>\r\n


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