{"id":32745,"date":"2013-03-03T06:26:00","date_gmt":"2013-03-03T06:26:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:10081\/?p=32745 "},"modified":"2013-03-03T06:26:00","modified_gmt":"2013-03-03T06:26:00","slug":"32745-revision-v1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/?p=32745","title":{"rendered":"\u66fe\u5efa\u5143\u8bd1\uff1a\u5211\u6cd5\u7b2c\u4e8c\u767e\u96f6\u4e09\u6761\uff08Article 203\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<div><strong>\u74e6\u8328\u62c9\u592b&#8226;\u54c8\u7ef4\u5c14\uff08V&#225;clav Havel\uff09\u539f\u4f5c<br \/>\u4fdd\u7f57&#8226;\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\uff08Paul Wilson\uff09\u82f1\u8bd1<br \/>\u66fe\u5efa\u5143\u4e2d\u8bd1<br \/>\u56fd\u7acb\u53f0\u6e7e\u5927\u5b66\u56fd\u5bb6\u53d1\u5c55\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u6cd5\u5b66\u535a\u58eb<br \/>\u4e2d\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u884c\u653f\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u7cfb\u526f\u6559\u6388<br \/>\u56fd\u7acb\u53f0\u6e7e\u5927\u5b66\u56fd\u5bb6\u53d1\u5c55\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u517c\u4efb\u526f\u6559\u6388<br \/><br 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\/><br 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\/><br 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\/>\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u53ef\u80fd\u90fd\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u540c\u4e00\u79cd\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5728\u6211\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u6574\u4e2a\u73b0\u8c61\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u8d77\u56e0\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u5ff5\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u5176\u5e38\u6001\u3001\u800c\u4e14\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e8b\u5982\u679c\u662f\u4f9d\u7167\u4ed6\u6216\u5979\u7684\u8eab\u5206\u8bc1\u4e0a\u7684\u6233\u8bb0\u6765\u786e\u8ba4\uff0c\u5219\u6700\u7ec8\u4e0d\u591a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5c11\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u5de5\u4f5c\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u673a\u5668\u7684\u9f7f\u8f6e\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u9f7f\u8f6e\uff0c\u5176\u610f\u4e49\u5728\u4e8e\u4eba\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u4f9d\u88ab\u5206\u6d3e\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u76f2\u76ee\u5730\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u4e43\u5047\u5b9a\u7740\u673a\u5668\u64cd\u4f5c\u5458\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\u68c0\u67e5\u9f7f\u8f6e\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u51b3\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u5b83\u4eec\u51fa\u73b0\u54ea\u6015\u662f\u6700\u7ec6\u5c0f\u7684\u5dee\u9519\u3001\u81ea\u4e3b\u3001\u6216\u662f\u79c1\u4eba\u610f\u89c1&#9472;&#9472;\u5982\u6b64\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u5c31\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u5f97\u4e0a\u662f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u4e86\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e49\u52a1\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u7528\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u6743\u529b\u7684\u4e00\u73af\uff1a\u5b83\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u592e\u96c6\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u7406\u60f3\u662f\u51c6\u519b\u4e8b\u5316\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff1b\u5b83\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u5b98\u50da\u529b\u91cf\u604b\u5c38\u75c7\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8868\u8fbe\u3002\uff08\u5982\u5f17\u6d1b\u59c6\uff08Fromm\uff09\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff09<br \/><br \/>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u88ab\u62ff\u6765\u5bf9\u4ed8\u56e0\u4e3a\u53d7\u8bef\u5bfc\u800c\u8bef\u89e3\u751f\u547d\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u573a\u5408\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff08\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5\u89e3\u653e\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u589e\u52a0\u5176\u88ab\u5974\u5f79\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\uff09\u800c\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdd\u89c4\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u73b0\u4eca\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u6b64\u5219\u4ee3\u8868\u591a\u6570\u4eca\u5929\u88ab\u5173\u62bc\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u300c\u5bc4\u751f\u8005\u300d\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u95f4\u63a5\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u72af\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u6211\u4e0d\u60f3\u8981\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u5168\u90fd\u7406\u60f3\u5316\u3001\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d8\u6210\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5c0f\u7f94\u7f8a\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u786e\u4fe1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u672c\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u76d1\u72f1\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0d\u8bf4\u8bdd\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5927\u591a\u6570\u90fd\u53ea\u662f\u5012\u9709\u3001\u6b79\u547d\u3001\u5931\u8d25\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u591f\u673a\u8b66\u6216\u8005\u7075\u6d3b\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u300c\u65e0\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u529b\u300d\u4e0b\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u6491\u592a\u4e45\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u671f\u95f4\u540e\uff0c\u4fbf\u4f1a\u8bd5\u7740\u4ece\u5974\u5de5\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e2d\u6323\u8131\u51fa\u6765\uff1b\u4ee5\u5c0f\u578b\u7684\u53db\u53d8\u53cd\u6297\u865a\u65e0\u7684\u79d1\u5c42\u6d88\u8d39\u793e\u4f1a\uff1b\u4eba\u4eec\u672c\u6765\u5c31\u4e0d\u8be5\u88ab\u4ee5\u5c01\u5efa\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u652f\u914d\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\uff0c\u5374\u88ab\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5e73\u53f0\u70bc\u4f4f\uff0c\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u806a\u660e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u963b\u6321\u90a3\u5439\u76b1\u4ed6\u4eec\u7075\u9b42\u8868\u9762\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u7684\u5fae\u98ce\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8fb9\u7f18\u627e\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u5374\u88ab\u5f53\u6210\u7f6a\u72af\uff0c\u53ea\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u62d2\u7edd\u5728\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u4e2d\u865a\u63b7\u4eba\u751f\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ef4\u6301\u7740\u4e2a\u6027\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u591a\u91c7\u591a\u59ff\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u4f55\u7b49\u5371\u9669\u5730\u6d6e\u73b0\uff0c\u5bf9\u6297\u7740\u4e00\u7247\u7070\u6697\u7684\u5730\u5e73\u7ebf\u3002\u7b80\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u9c81\u5179\u4f0a\u5185\u76d1\u72f1\uff08Ruzyn\u0115 Prison\uff09\u4e2d\u5178\u578b\u7684\u300c\u5bc4\u751f\u8005\u300d\u51b2\u51fb\u7740\u6211\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8981\u6c42\u4eba\u4eec\u4ee5\u4e27\u5931\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u6211\u8ba4\u540c\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u6362\u53d6\u5916\u5728\u5feb\u4e50\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u65f6\u4ee3\u91cc\u7684\u60b2\u54c0\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e86\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u9700\u8981\u800c\u51b3\u5b9a\u727a\u7272\u8005\uff0c\u5373\u7cfb\u57fa\u4e8e\u5176\u7279\u6709\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u5426\u8ba4\u548c\u5fc5\u987b\u5426\u8ba4\u4eba\u4eec\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4eba\u6743\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1a\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5c31\u8be5\u4e00\u5b57\u773c\u6700\u5bbd\u5e7f\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u800c\u8a00\u3002\uff08\u4ece\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\u5012\u4e5f\u6709\u8da3\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u56e0\u300c\u5bc4\u751f\u300d\u800c\u65e0\u6570\u53d7\u5904\u7f5a\u8005\uff0c\u4e43\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u5176\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u5409\u666e\u8d5b\u6c11\u65cf\uff08Gypsies\uff09\u6e38\u7267\u6027\u683c\u7684\u300c\u79cd\u65cf\u57fa\u56e0\u300d\u503e\u5411\uff09\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e1c\u897f\u662f\u5728\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u5373\u65e0\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u5728\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u4fbf\u770b\u4f3c\u540a\u8be1\u7684\uff1f\u8ffd\u6839\u7a76\u5e95\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u73b0\u4eca\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53ea\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u7269\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u9650\u5236\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u6c34\u6c60\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u6f6e\u8d77\u6f6e\u843d\u3001\u6ca1\u6709\u975e\u8ba1\u753b\u4e0b\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u60c5\u5883\u548c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7ed3\u679c\uff08\u6709\u4e9b\u50cf\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5e03\u6717\u8fd0\u52a8\uff08Brownian movement\uff09\uff09\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u7136\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u52b3\u52a8\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6709\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u4f5c\u7528\uff1f\u884c\u653f\u5bf9\u8be5\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e14\u85c9\u7531\u5f53\u524d\u7b2c\u4e8c\u767e\u96f6\u4e09\u6761\u7684\u9002\u7528\u800c\u6269\u5927\u5f3a\u5316\uff0c\u5c82\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6b63\u5e38\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u8e29\u4e86\u524e\u8f66\u5417\uff1f<br \/><br \/>\u6211\u5fcd\u4e0d\u4f4f\u60f3\u7740\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5947\u89c2\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u4eba\u4e00\u751f\u90fd\u5728\u94fa\u8def\uff0c\u53ea\u56e0\u6709\u4e00\u5929\u51b3\u5b9a\u5f85\u5728\u5bb6\u91cc\uff0c\u5c31\u88ab\u7ec8\u8eab\u804c\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u9001\u8fdb\u4e86\u76d1\u72f1\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u73b0\u6709\u5b98\u50da\u6743\u529b\u6700\u5177\u6467\u6bc1\u6027\u7684\u8c34\u8d23\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<br \/><br 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\/>\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e00\u5e74\u4e86\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u91cc\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u56e2\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u8d44\u6e90\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u4e0d\u516c\u6b63\u76d1\u7981\u7684\u8001\u4eba\u594b\u9b25\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u80fd\u4e3a\u4ed6\u505a\u51fa\u4e00\u70b9\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u9057\u4ea7\u90e8\u4efd\u662f\u51fa\u81ea\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u300c\u5206\u800c\u6cbb\u4e4b\u300d\u6b64\u4e00\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u5219\u7684\u53cd\u53db\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793e\u56e2\u5fc5\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002<br \/><br \/><br \/>\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e03\u516b\u5e74\u56db\u6708<br \/><br \/>\uff08\u539f\u520aPaul Wilson ed., Open Letters: Selected Writings 1965-1990, New York: Alfred A. 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