{"id":33099,"date":"2013-03-21T04:28:00","date_gmt":"2013-03-21T04:28:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:10081\/?p=33099 "},"modified":"2013-03-21T04:28:00","modified_gmt":"2013-03-21T04:28:00","slug":"33099-revision-v1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/?p=33099","title":{"rendered":"\u5f20\u94c1\u5fd7\uff1a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3a\u4f55\u5931\u8d25\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<table border=\"0\" width=\"98%\" align=\"center\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td height=\"39\">\r\n<p align=\"center\"><font size=\"3\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" border=\"0\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.chinesepen.org\/Article\/UploadFiles\/201303\/20130320140503350.jpg\" width=\"182\" height=\"277\" \/><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p><font size=\"3\">\u4eba\u7c7b\u59cb\u7ec8\u5728\u5bfb\u627e\u524d\u8fdb\u7684\u9053\u8def\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6709\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6210\u957f\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u5374\u5931\u8d25\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u770b\u4f3c\u7e41\u8363\u7684\u5168\u7403\u5316\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5374\u9677\u65bc\u8d2b\u7a77\u548c\u6218\u722d\u7684\u6076\u68a6\u5f53\u4e2d\uff1f\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u73b0\u8c61&#9472;&#9472;\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5d1b\u8d77&#9472;&#9472;\u5230\u5e95\u80fd\u6301\u7eed\u591a\u4e45\uff1f\u800c\u5a01\u6743\u4f53\u5236\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6210\u957f\u662f\u76f8\u5bb9\u7684\u5417\uff1f<br \/><br \/>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u53e4\u5178\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u672c\u7531\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u8005JamesRobinson\u548cMIT\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8005DaronAcemoglu\u5408\u8457\u7684\u4e66\u300c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3a\u4f55\u8870\u843d\u300d(WhyNationsFail\uff1f)\uff0c\u53c8\u5f15\u8d77\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8a0e\u8bba\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4f4d\u5b66\u8005\u8fc7\u53bb\u5341\u5e74\u5173\u65bc\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5e73\u7b49\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7814\u7a76\u8bba\u6587\u65e9\u5df2\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u754c\u5fc5\u8bfb\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u65b0\u4e66\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ed9\u4e00\u822c\u8bfb\u8005\u7684\u975e\u5b66\u672f\u6027\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7701\u53bb\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u91cf\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5927\u91cf\u7528\u6b77\u53f2\u6545\u4e8b\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8bba\u8bc1\uff1a\u4ece\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5a01\u5c3c\u65af\u3001\u7f8e\u6d32\u5927\u9646\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u65f6\u671f\u3001\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u975e\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u5230\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u62d2\u7edd\u6587\u5316\u5047\u8bf4\u548c\u5730\u7406\u5047\u8bf4\uff08\u5982\u70ed\u5e26\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bb9\u6613\u8d2b\u7a77\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u63d0\u5021\u8005\u5305\u62ec\u77e5\u540d\u5b66\u8005\u6234\u8499(JaredDiamond)\u548c\u8428\u514b\u65af(JeffreySachs)\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u653f\u7b56\u754c\u666e\u904d\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u65e0\u77e5\u5047\u8bf4\uff08\u4ea6\u5373\u662f\u7a77\u56fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u63a1\u53d6\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u5173\u952e\u7684\u6210\u529f\u6216\u5931\u8d25\u5728\u65bc\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\uff1a\u8981\u6709\u597d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u624d\u4f1a\u6709\u597d\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ed3\u679c\uff1b\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7e41\u8363\u5fc5\u987b\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5236\u90fd\u662f\u300c\u5e7f\u7eb3\u578b\u7684\u300d(inclusive)\u548c\u591a\u5143\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u624d\u80fd\u91ca\u653e\u4e26\u4e14\u4fdd\u969c\u516c\u6c11\u53bb\u521b\u65b0\u3001\u6295\u8d44\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u300c\u5e7f\u7eb3\u578b\u300d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u610f\u6307\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u96c6\u4e2d\u6027(centralized)\u7684\u4ee5\u78ba\u4fdd\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5206\u914d\u7684\u548c\u5177\u6709\u5236\u8861\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5982\u6c11\u4e3b\u9009\u4e3e\u548c\u5baa\u653f\u4fdd\u969c\uff1b\u300c\u5e7f\u7eb3\u578b\u300d\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u5ea6\u5305\u62ec\u8ca1\u7522\u6743\u7684\u78ba\u4fdd\u3001\u7ade\u722d\u6027\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u3001\u5951\u7ea6\u7684\u6267\u884c\u3001\u6613\u65bc\u521b\u8bbe\u65b0\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u516c\u6c11\u8fdb\u5165\u4e0d\u540c\u804c\u4e1a\u548c\u7522\u4e1a\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5236\u5ea6\u5bb9\u8bb8\u4e26\u9f13\u52b1\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u53c2\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u3001\u53d1\u5c55\u624d\u80fd\u548c\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u8ba9\u4e2a\u4eba\u505a\u4ed6\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u300c\u63a0\u593a\u578b\u300d\uff08extractive\uff09\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u63a0\u593a\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6c11\u773e\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u6765\u8ba9\u5c11\u6570\u83c1\u82f1\u83b7\u5229\u3001\u7ef4\u62a4\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6743\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u83c1\u82f1\u4f1a\u521b\u9020\u548c\u7ef4\u6301\u5c11\u6570\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ba9\u65b0\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u52a0\u5165\u5e02\u573a\uff1b\u800c\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u56e2\u53c8\u4f1a\u53bb\u5784\u65ad\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ba9\u65b0\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u6709\u673a<br \/><br \/>\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6076\u6027\u5faa\u73af\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u63a0\u593a\u578b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6210\u957f\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5f53\u83c1\u82f1\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5206\u914d\u8d44\u6e90\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u9ad8\u751f\u7522\u529b\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5141\u8bb8\u67d0\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5e7f\u7eb3\u6027\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u8106\u5f31\u7684\uff0c\u63a0\u593a\u6027\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u867d\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u7522\u751f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6210\u957f\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u96be\u6709\u6301\u7eed\u6210\u957f\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u3001\u6b63\u5982\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u718a\u5f7c\u5f97\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6210\u957f\u9700\u8981\u300c\u521b\u9020\u6027\u7684\u6bc1\u706d\u300d\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u8ba9\u65b0\u79d1\u6280\u53d6\u4ee3\u65e7\u79d1\u6280\u7684\uff1b\u4f46\u63a0\u593a\u6027\u7684\u83c1\u82f1\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8ba9\u300c\u521b\u9020\u6027\u7684\u6bc1\u706d\u300d\u51fa\u73b0\u6765\u6d88\u9664\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8bb0\u5f97\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u82cf\u4fc4\u57281950\u300160\u5e74\u4ee3\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6210\u957f\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u80fd\u521b\u65b0\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u516b\u96f6\u5e74\u4ee3\u9677\u5165\u505c\u6eef\uff0c\u800c\u7ec8\u7a76\u5d29\u89e3\u3002\u4e8c\u3001\u5728\u69a8\u53d6\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6743\u529b\u548c\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u5c11\u6570\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5bb9\u6613\u7522\u751f\u5167\u6597\uff0c\u800c\u9020\u6210\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u6bc1\u706d\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u672c\u4e66\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u5173\u6ce8\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u662f\u5728\u63a0\u593a\u6027\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6210\u957f\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5bb9\u8bb8\u300c\u521b\u9020\u6027\u7684\u6bc1\u706d\u300d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u6210\u957f\u5f88\u96be\u6301\u7eed\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u52302003\u5e74\u6234\u56fd\u82b3\u7684\u94c1\u672c\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u6c11\u8425\u4f01\u4e1a\u5728\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u300d\u4e0b\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u57282003\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u56fd\u8fdb\u6c11\u9000\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u53ea\u662f\u66f4\u4e3a\u6c79\u6d8c\uff1a\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e94\u767e\u5f3a\u4e2d\uff0c\u56fd\u4f01\u7684\u8425\u4e1a\u6536\u5165\u4f54\u5168\u90e8\u768482%\uff0c\u8d44\u7522\u603b\u989d\u4f54\u5168\u90e8\u768490%\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u6280\u672f\u521b\u65b0\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6c11\u4f01\u5374\u8fdc\u8fdc\u9ad8\u8fc7\u56fd\u4f01\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u300c\u63a0\u593a\u6027\u300d\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u5c07\u5f88\u96be\u7ee7\u7eed\u6301\u7eed\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u672c\u4e66\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u662f\u5bf9\u65bc\u5230\u5e95\u5a01\u6743\u4f53\u5236\u8fd8\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u4f53\u5236\u66f4\u6709\u5229\u65bc\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6210\u957f\u7684\u53e4\u8001\u8fa9\u8bba\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u89c6\u91ce\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e7f\u7eb3\u578b\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u51fa\u73b0\u5462\uff1f\u5728\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u591a\u5c11\u662f\u60b2\u89c2\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u4e3e\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5927\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u63a0\u593a\u6027\u7684\u4f53\u5236\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6597\u722d\u6216\u8005\u9769\u547d\u3002\u6bd5\u7adf\uff0c\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e3b\u52a8\u91ca\u653e\u6743\u529b\u7684\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u6258\u514b\u7ef4\u5c14\u7684\u300c\u65e7\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0e\u5927\u9769\u547d\u300d\u5916\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u4e5f\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u638c\u6743\u8005\u5fc5\u8bfb\u4e4b\u4e66\u3002<\/font><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4eba\u7c7b\u59cb\u7ec8\u5728\u5bfb\u627e\u524d\u8fdb\u7684\u9053\u8def\u3002 \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6709\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6210\u957f\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u5374\u5931\u8d25\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u770b\u4f3c\u7e41\u8363\u7684\u5168\u7403\u5316\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u8bb8 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33099","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-thought","et-doesnt-have-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33099","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=33099"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33099\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=33099"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=33099"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=33099"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}