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style=\"font-size: 12pt\">\uff08\u672c\u6587\u8bd1\u81ea\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u6587&#8220;De la Revoluci&#243;n a la Movilizaci&#243;n. Confluencias de la Sociedad Civil y la Democracia en Am&#233;rica Latina&#8221;\u7535\u5b50\u7248\uff0c\u539f\u6587\u8f7d\u4e8eNueva Sociedad\uff0cNo. 227\uff0cMayo-Junio de 2010.\u672c\u8bd1\u6587\u5df2\u83b7\u5f97\u51fa\u7248\u65b9\u548c\u4f5c\u8005\u6388\u6743\uff09<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">\u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[1]\u6211\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u5bf9\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u3002\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\uff0c\u5728\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u62e5\u62a4\u548c\u652f\u6301\u6c11\u4e3b\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\uff0c\u4f46\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u5219\u76f8\u53cd\u3002\u6211\u60f3\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u590d\u82cf\u4e0e\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u7740\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[2]Jeffrey Alexander\uff0c Sociolog&#237;a Cultural. Formas de Clasificaci&#243;n en las Sociedades Complejas\uff0c Anthropos\/Flacso\uff0c Barcelona\uff0c 2000.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[3]\u6839\u636e\u5404\u56fd\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u60c5\u51b5\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u6392\u65a5\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5305\u62ec\u7a77\u4eba\u3001\u6587\u76f2\u3001\u5987\u5973\u6216\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[4]\u963f\u6839\u5ef7\u3001\u73bb\u5229\u7ef4\u4e9a\u3001\u5df4\u897f\u3001\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u3001\u5384\u74dc\u591a\u5c14\u3001\u5371\u5730\u9a6c\u62c9\u3001\u79d8\u9c81\u3001\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u3001\u5c3c\u52a0\u62c9\u74dc\u3001\u59d4\u5185\u745e\u62c9\u548c\u5df4\u62c9\u572d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[5]\u6d77\u5730\u3001\u53e4\u5df4\u3001\u5371\u5730\u9a6c\u62c9\u3001\u5384\u74dc\u591a\u5c14\u3001\u667a\u5229\u3001\u5df4\u897f\u3001\u73bb\u5229\u7ef4\u4e9a\u3001\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u3001\u5df4\u62ff\u9a6c\u3001\u4e4c\u62c9\u572d\u3001\u59d4\u5185\u745e\u62c9\u3001\u5df4\u62c9\u572d\u548c\u79d8\u9c81\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[6]\u73bb\u5229\u7ef4\u4e9a\u3001\u53e4\u5df4\u548c\u5384\u74dc\u591a\u5c14\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[7]\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u7684&#8220;\u516c\u6c11\u8054\u76df&#8221;\u548c\u79d8\u9c81\u7684&#8220;\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u529b&#8221;\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u76d1\u7763\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u8303\u4f8b\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u7684&#8220;\u4eab\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\u8054\u90a6\u5b66\u9662&#8221;\u548c\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u7684&#8220;\u5e02\u6c11\u76d1\u5bdf\u5458&#8221;\u7b49\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e5f\u4f20\u8fbe\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bc9\u6c42\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[8]&#8220;\u5168\u7403\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a&#8221;\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u8be6\u89c1John Keane\uff0c Global Civil Society\uff1f Cambridge University Press\uff0c Cambridge\uff0c 2003.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[9]William R. Brubaker\uff0c Immigration and the Politics of Citizenship in Europe and North America\uff0c University Press of America\uff0c Londres-Nueva York\uff0c 1989.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[10]Yasemin Soysal\uff0c Limits of Citizenship. Migrants and Postnational Membership in Europe\uff0c The University of Chicago Press\uff0c Chicago\uff0c 1994.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[11]\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u5357\u90e8\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u90e8\u843d\u3002&#8212;&#8212;\u8bd1\u8005<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[12]\u5965\u5854\u74e6\u6d1b\u662f\u5384\u74dc\u591a\u5c14\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u6307\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7684\u5384\u74dc\u591a\u5c14\u79fb\u6c11\u3002&#8212;&#8212;\u8bd1\u8005<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[13]\u6709\u5173\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0e\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u53ef\u53c2\u8003Peter Levine\uff0c &#8220;Civil Renewal and the Commons of Cyberspace&#8221;\uff0c National Civil Review\uff0c Vol. 90\uff0c No. 3\uff0c Oto<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">D0W303.jpgo de 2001\uff0c pp. 205-212\uff1b\u4ea6\u53ef\u53c2\u8003\u540c\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u7684&#8221;The Internet and Civil Society&#8221;\uff0c Philosophy &amp; Public Policy\uff0c Vol. 20 No. 4\uff0c OtoD0W303.jpg<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">o de 2000\uff0c pp. 1-17\uff1b\u4e5f\u53ef\u53c2\u8003Peter Ester\uff0c Henk Vinken\uff0c &#8220;Debating Civil Society. On the Fear for Civil Decline and Hope for the Internet Alternative&#8221;\uff0c International Sociology\uff0c Vol. 18\uff0c No. 14\uff0c 2003\uff0c pp. 659-680.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">[14]P. Levine\uff0c The Internet and Civil Society\uff0c cit.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">\uff08\u4f5c\u8005\u7b80\u4ecb\uff1a\u8d1d\u5229\u4e9a&#183;\u585e\u897f\u8389\u4e9a&#183;\u535a\u8d1d\u65af\uff08Velia Cecilia Bobes\uff09\uff0c\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u9662\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u5206\u9662\u7814\u7a76\u5458\uff09<\/span><br \/><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6458\u8981\uff1a\u5728\u653f\u515a\u4f53\u5236\u51fa\u73b0\u5371\u673a\u3001\u5bf9\u5236\u5ea6\u80fd\u5426\u6ee1\u8db3\u4eba\u6c11\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u7591\u60d1\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u5927\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u6210\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33335","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-thought","et-doesnt-have-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33335","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=33335"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33335\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=33335"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=33335"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=33335"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}