{"id":34302,"date":"2013-06-07T15:39:00","date_gmt":"2013-06-07T15:39:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:10081\/?p=34302 "},"modified":"2013-06-07T15:39:00","modified_gmt":"2013-06-07T15:39:00","slug":"34302-revision-v1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/?p=34302","title":{"rendered":"\u5434\u4f1f\uff1a\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u7684\u82e5\u5e72\u5386\u53f2\u7ecf\u9a8c"},"content":{"rendered":"

1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u66fe\u7ecf\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u4e00\u6b21\u7531\u6267\u653f\u515a\u4e3b\u6301\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u53d1\u8d77\u8005\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u515a\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\uff0c\u800c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e3b\u6301\u8005\u662f\u65f6\u4efb\u4e2d\u592e\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\u7684\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u3002\u7eb5\u89c2\u8fd9\u573a\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u5728\u6539\u9769\u7684\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u3001\u76ee\u6807\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u63aa\u65bd\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e0e\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u6709\u7740\u91cd\u5927\u5dee\u522b\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u8fd9\u573a\u7531\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u884c\u653f\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u6f14\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4f7f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7531\u9769\u547d\u515a\u5411\u73b0\u4ee3\u653f\u515a\u8f6c\u578b\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u9ad8\u5ea6\u96c6\u6743\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u5411\u73b0\u4ee3\u5baa\u653f\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u52c7\u6562\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3002\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u53cc\u91cd\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u624d\u4f7f\u5f97\u539f\u672c\u652f\u6301\u8d75\u4e3b\u6301\u548c\u63a8\u8fdb\u8fd9\u573a\u6539\u9769\u7684\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e86\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u8054\u624b\u515a\u5185\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u52bf\u529b\u6251\u6740\u4e86\u8fd9\u573a\u6539\u9769\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u8fd9\u573a\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u8f6c\u578b\uff0c\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u53ef\u501f\u9274\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u572820\u591a\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u518d\u6b21\u9762\u4e34\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u5173\u952e\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u56de\u987e\u548c\u7814\u7a761980\u5e74\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u603b\u7ed3\u5b83\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6559\u8bad\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u51dd\u805a\u671d\u91ce\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u5f53\u524d\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f5c\u51fa\u5408\u4e4e\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6587\u5316\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u5b9e\u9645\u72b6\u51b5\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4e00\u3001\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u4e0e\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7684\u4e24\u6761“\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u8def\u7ebf”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u9c8d\u5f64\u5148\u751f\u5728\u4ed6\u4e3a\u5b97\u51e4\u9e23\u300a\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u8f6f\u7981\u4e2d\u7684\u8c08\u8bdd\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u6240\u5199\u7684\u5e8f\u8a00\u4e2d\u5199\u5230\uff1a“\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u8ddf\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u6709\u53cc\u91cd\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u65e2\u662f\u63d0\u5021\u8005\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u627c\u6740\u8005\u3002”[1]\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8fd9\u573a\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u548c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4ece\u5176\u540e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u770b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u6709\u4e24\u6761\u4e0d\u540c\u7684“\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u8def\u7ebf[2]”\uff0c\u5373\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u884c\u653f\u6539\u9769“\u8def\u7ebf”\uff0c\u548c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u515a\u7684\u6267\u653f\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u5efa\u8bbe\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769“\u8def\u7ebf”\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9“\u4e24\u6761\u8def\u7ebf”\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f7f1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u8fd9\u573a\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u5177\u6709\u4e86\u53cc\u91cd\u6027\u8d28\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u53ea\u6709\u770b\u6e0580\u5e74\u4ee3\u8fd9\u6b21\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u80fd\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u4e3a\u5b83\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u8fd9\u573a\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u53d1\u52a8\u8005\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u81ea\u5df1\u4eb2\u624b\u627c\u6740\u4e86\u8fd9\u573a\u6539\u9769\uff1b\u4e5f\u624d\u80fd\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u628a\u63e1\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\uff0c\u548c\u66f4\u6df1\u523b\u5730\u8ba4\u8bc680\u5e74\u4ee3\u8fd9\u573a\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u539f\u56e0\u53ca\u5386\u53f2\u6559\u8bad\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u8bf4\u5f53\u65f6\u6709\u4e24\u6761\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769“\u8def\u7ebf”\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u9996\u5148\uff1a\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u548c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u4e0d\u540c\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4ece1986\u5e74\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u4e3b\u5f20\u542f\u52a8\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8c08\u8bdd\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u4ed6\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u662f\u4ece\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u626b\u9664\u969c\u788d\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u548c\u63d0\u51fa\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u30021980\u5e74\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86“\u89e3\u51b3\u534e\u56fd\u950b\u95ee\u9898”\uff0c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u300a\u515a\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u9886\u5bfc\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6539\u9769\u300b\u8bb2\u8bdd\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u518d\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u800c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u662f\u7740\u773c\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u8bb2\u8bdd\u548c\u8c08\u8bdd\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u518d\u6d89\u53ca\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u641e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769\u7684\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6551\u515a\uff0c\u6551\u8fd9\u4e2a“\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5236\u5ea6”\u3002\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u641e\u4e86\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u8ba1\u5212\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u5230\u6587\u9769\u7ed3\u675f\u524d\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5df2\u7ecf\u5230\u4e86\u5d29\u6e83\u7684\u8fb9\u7f18\u3002\u4e0d\u641e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u6c11\u4f17\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0d\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u515a\u5c31\u4e27\u5931\u4e86\u6267\u653f\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c“\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5236\u5ea6”\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u4e86“\u4f18\u8d8a\u6027”\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

1986\u5e74\uff0c\u5f53\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769\u4ece\u519c\u6751\u8fdb\u5165\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u89e6\u53ca\u5230\u539f\u6709\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\u6539\u9769\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u969c\u788d\u3002\u539f\u6709\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u96c6\u6743\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u5236\u548c\u515a\u653f\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u8ba1\u59d4\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4e3b\u7ba1\u56fd\u6c11\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u5404\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f53\u6539\u59d4\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u641e\u653e\u6743\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u5c31\u641e\u6536\u6743\uff1b\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u8bf4\u7684\u662f\u7b80\u653f\u653e\u6743\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5374\u662f\u9633\u5949\u9634\u8fdd\uff1b\u5404\u7ea7\u515a\u653f\u673a\u6784\u53e0\u5e8a\u67b6\u5c4b\uff0c\u653f\u51fa\u591a\u95e8\uff0c\u53cc\u91cd\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u4e25\u91cd\u5f71\u54cd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u884c\u653f\u6548\u7387\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u91cd\u89c6\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e0b\u53bb\u4e86\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u540c\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u5c31\u96be\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7ee7\u3002[3]<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5728\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u4e3b\u6301\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u7814\u8ba8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u4e5f\u4e00\u518d\u63d0\u793a\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\uff0c\u8981\u6ce8\u91cd\u63d0\u9ad8\u653f\u5e9c\u6548\u7387\u30021987\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u4ed6\u770b\u4e86\u5341\u4e09\u5927\u62a5\u544a\u521d\u7a3f\uff0c\u5bf9\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u90e8\u5206\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86“\u8bf4\u662f\u4e0d\u641e\u4e09\u6743\u5206\u7acb\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e5f\u642c\u4e86\u4e00\u70b9”\u7684\u8d28\u7591\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u8bf4\uff1a\u8981\u4f7f\u884c\u653f\u673a\u6784\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fc7\u591a\u5e72\u6270\u884c\u653f\u673a\u6784\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5c31\u529e\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f18\u52bf\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e22\u3002\u4e0d\u80fd\u653e\u5f03\u4e13\u653f\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fc1\u5c31\u8981\u6c42\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u641e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u4f53\u5236\uff1f\u8981\u641e\u4e00\u4e2a\u589e\u5f3a\u884c\u653f\u6548\u80fd\u7684\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u673a\u6784\u8981\u7cbe\u7b80\u3002\u6211\u8fc7\u53bb\u8bb2\u8fc7\u4e09\u6761\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002\u6c11\u4e3b\u8fd8\u662f\u4e2a\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u8bb2\u6c11\u4e3b\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u548c\u6cd5\u5236\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u628a\u6cd5\u5236\u641e\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u6709\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u653f\u673a\u6784\u5e94\u8be5\u5f88\u6709\u6548\u80fd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bdd\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5176\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u63d0\u9ad8\u653f\u5e9c\u6548\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u53d1\u5c55\u6c11\u4e3b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u5728\u8c08\u5230\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u5bf9\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u65f6\u8bf4\uff1a“\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u9093\u5bf9\u73b0\u884c\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u6709\u4e0d\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u6539\u9769\u4e5f\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u3001\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u884c\u653f\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u4f5c\u98ce\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6539\u9769\u3002\u9093\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u662f\u5728\u575a\u6301\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4e00\u515a\u4e13\u653f\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u7684\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u6539\u9769\u6b63\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5730\u5de9\u56fa\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u4e00\u515a\u4e13\u653f\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u548c\u524a\u5f31\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4e00\u515a\u4e13\u653f\u7684\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u9093\u575a\u51b3\u62d2\u7edd\u7684\u3002”[4]<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5b9e\u9645\u4e3b\u6301\u8fd9\u573a\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u7684\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u573a\u6539\u9769\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0e\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u5927\u4f53\u4e0a\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u56de\u5fc6\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a1985\u30011986\u5e74\uff0c“\u6211\u4ece\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769\u65b9\u9762\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u3002\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u6709\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5\uff1a\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u8d85\u524d\u4e0d\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u592a\u6ede\u540e\u4e5f\u4e0d\u884c\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u8d8a\u6df1\u5165\uff0c\u515a\u5185\u5b88\u65e7\u52bf\u529b\u7684\u963b\u529b\u5c31\u8d8a\u5927\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769\u5f88\u96be\u6df1\u5165\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u6539\u9769\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u4e5f\u5f88\u96be\u5145\u5206\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6539\u9769\u4e2d\u9047\u5230\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u4e5f\u5f88\u96be\u5f97\u5230\u59a5\u5584\u89e3\u51b3\u3002”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c1986\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u88ab\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u70b9\u5c06\uff0c\u5728\u62c5\u4efb\u603b\u7406\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3b\u6301\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5de5\u4f5c\u30021987\u5e74\u521d\u80e1\u8000\u90a6\u88ab\u8feb\u8f9e\u804c\uff0c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u4ee3\u7406\u515a\u7684\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u63a5\u89e6\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u591a\u4e86\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5bf9\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4ece\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u8def\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u5230“\u5c3d\u91cf\u5730\u5bb9\u7eb3\u548c\u6269\u5927\u5176\u4ed6\u5404\u79cd\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u53c2\u4e0e”\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u7684\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\uff0c\u7ecf\u5386\u6587\u9769\u5341\u5e74\u7684“\u5927\u5f7b\u5927\u609f”\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5bf9\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u90a3\u5957“\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89”\u548c“\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4e13\u653f”\u7406\u8bba\u6df1\u6076\u75db\u7edd\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c11\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u5fc5\u987b\u89e3\u51b3\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u89e3\u51b3\u6267\u653f\u515a\u4e0e\u6c11\u4f17\u5bf9\u7acb\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u89e3\u51b3\u4eba\u6c11\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5236\u5ea6\u6ca1\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\uff0c“\u6211\u6df1\u6df1\u611f\u5230\u515a\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u7d27\u5f20\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u8bbe\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u800c\u79bb\u5f00\u77e5\u8bc6\u754c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u540c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u6539\u5584\u3002”\u4ed6\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u515a\u5185\u4fdd\u5b88\u52bf\u529b\u6781\u4e3a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4e00\u515a\u4e13\u5236\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u80fd\u53e6\u8f9f\u8e4a\u5f84\uff0c\u4ece\u6539\u53d8\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u6267\u653f\u65b9\u5f0f\u5165\u624b\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6c11\u4e3b\u548c\u6cd5\u6cbb\u7684\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u515a\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3002\u4ed6“\u5f53\u65f6\u603b\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u662f\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u6267\u653f\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u4f46\u6267\u653f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5fc5\u987b\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4eba\u6cbb\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u8981\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u505a\u5230\u6cd5\u6cbb\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6cd5\u6cbb\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002”\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c“\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u90a3\u4e24\u5e74\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u7684\u603b\u7684\u89c2\u70b9”[5]\uff0c\u5373\u4ed6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u63a8\u8fdb\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u7684\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5176\u6b21\u3001\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u4e0e\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4e0a\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u5dee\u522b\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u63a8\u52a8\u8fd9\u6b21\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4e8e\u5174\u5229\u9664\u5f0a\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5728\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u9886\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u9769\u9664\u4f53\u5236\u4e2d\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f0a\u7aef\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u653f\u5e9c\u884c\u653f\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u4ee5\u63a8\u52a8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u3002\u4ed6\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u6709\u4e09\u6761\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u662f\u59cb\u7ec8\u4fdd\u6301\u515a\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6d3b\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bf4\u7684\u6d3b\u529b\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6307\u9886\u5bfc\u5c42\u5e72\u90e8\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u5316\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u662f\u514b\u670d\u5b98\u50da\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5de5\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\u662f\u8c03\u52a8\u57fa\u5c42\u5de5\u4eba\u3001\u519c\u6c11\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u6027\u3002[6]<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4e0d\u9519\uff0c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u573a\u5408\u4e5f\u8c08\u5230\u8fc7\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u572880\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u4ed6\u591a\u6b21\u63d0\u5230\u8981\u6269\u5927\u515a\u5185\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u5e9f\u9664\u5bb6\u957f\u5236\uff0c\u8083\u6e05\u82cf\u8054\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u8981\u771f\u6b63\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5c31\u52bf\u5fc5\u8981\u89e6\u52a8\u9ad8\u5ea6\u96c6\u6743\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u800c“\u9093\u7684\u4fe1\u6761\u662f\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u6267\u653f\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u96c6\u6743\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u4e13\u5236\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u4ed6\u7279\u522b\u6b23\u8d4f\u548c\u559c\u7231\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u800c\u4ed6\u8bb2\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u5e9f\u9664\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7279\u6743\uff0c\u8083\u6e05\u5c01\u5efa\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u7a7a\u8bdd\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u5f53\u4ed6\u611f\u5230\u5f62\u52bf\u903c\u4eba\u3001\u4e13\u5236\u4f53\u5236\u53d7\u5230\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fde\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e8b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8c08\u4e86\u3002”[7]<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba4\u771f\u60f3\u8fc7\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u641e\u4ec0\u4e48\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u538b\u5012\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e71\u7cdf\u7cdf\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\u4e5f\u529e\u4e0d\u6210\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ef4\u62a4\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u8981\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u4e13\u653f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6b66\u5668\u3002“\u9093\u975e\u5e38\u6b23\u8d4f\u548c\u559c\u6b22\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b9e\u884c\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u96c6\u4e00\u5207\u5927\u6743\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u5c11\u6570\u51e0\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u96c6\u6743\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u538c\u6076\u548c\u9119\u89c6\u5206\u6743\u5236\u8861\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u3002”\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u96c6\u4e2d\u529b\u91cf\u529e\u5927\u4e8b\uff0c\u51e1\u4e8b\u53ea\u8981\u4e00\u4e0b\u51b3\u5fc3\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u4e0d\u53d7\u7275\u5236\u5730\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u8981\u4fdd\u6301\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f18\u52bf\u3002“\u9093\u628a\u4e0d\u53d7\u7275\u5236\uff0c\u4e0d\u641e\u5236\u8861\uff0c\u6743\u529b\u7edd\u5bf9\u96c6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u603b\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002”[8]<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u6b63\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c1987\u5e745\u670822\u65e5\uff0c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u5728\u4f1a\u89c1\u671d\u9c9c\u52b3\u52a8\u515a\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\u91d1\u65e5\u6210\u65f6\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u8c08\u5230\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u51e1\u662f\u5f71\u54cd\u7a33\u5b9a\u3001\u6b63\u5e38\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u4e0d\u641e\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u53e3\u53f7\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u6548\u7387\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u53d7\u547d\u5236\u5b9a\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u65b9\u6848\u548c\u4e3b\u6301\u8fd9\u9879\u6539\u9769\u7684\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\uff0c\u5176\u6307\u5bfc\u601d\u60f3\u4e0e\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5374\u662f\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u53d1\u5c55\u6c11\u4e3b\u3002\u636e\u4ed6\u7684\u524d\u79d8\u4e66\u674e\u6e58\u9c81[9]\u56de\u5fc6\uff0c\u65e9\u57281980\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u5c31\u660e\u786e\u8c08\u5230“\u53d1\u5c55\u6c11\u4e3b”\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a“\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd8\u5e94\u8be5\u4f7f\u4eba\u6c11\u4eab\u53d7\u5145\u5206\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u5341\u5206\u73cd\u60dc\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u6c11\u4e3b\u9769\u547d\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u6c11\u4e3b\u9769\u547d\u7684\u6210\u679c\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u6709\u66f4\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u610f\u4e49——\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u6c11\u4e3b\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9……”[10]\u3002\u540e\u6765\u57281987\u5e742\u670814\u65e5\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7814\u8ba8\u5c0f\u7ec4\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u66f4\u660e\u786e\u5730\u8bf4\uff1a“\u6211\u4eec\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0d\u5982\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u8fd9\u7ec8\u7a76\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e00\u767e\u5e74\u4e5f\u8981\u56de\u7b54\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u4f46\u7edd\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba9\u4eba\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5bb3\u6015\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u4e0d\u6562\u8bb2\u6c11\u4e3b\u3002”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u7684\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u4ee3\u7406\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u8fd9\u4e2a“\u4e2d\u56fd\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5b9e\u9645”\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u6311\u6218\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7684\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u8fdd\u80cc\u9093\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u5212\u51fa\u7684\u6846\u6846\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5927\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5c06\u6539\u9769\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u548c\u8def\u5f84\u5f15\u5bfc\u5230\u6539\u53d8\u515a\u7684\u6267\u653f\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u9650\u5236\u515a\u7684\u65e0\u9650\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u6269\u5927\u4eba\u6c11\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u4e3a\u4eca\u540e\u8d70\u5411\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u521b\u9020\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0a\u6765\u3002\u4ed6\u4ece\u7814\u8ba8\u7684\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5c31\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u9c8d\u5f64\u548c\u7814\u8ba8\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u7684\u63d0\u6cd5\uff0c\u540c\u610f\u5c06“\u5efa\u8bbe\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6c11\u4e3b”\u4f5c\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u957f\u8fdc\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u4ed6\u4e5f\u8d5e\u6210\u9c8d\u5f64\u548c\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u6539\u529e\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u6db5\u4e49\uff0c\u662f“\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ece\u9769\u547d\u4f53\u5236\u5411\u5efa\u8bbe\u4f53\u5236\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u4ece\u9769\u547d\u515a\u5411\u6267\u653f\u515a\u8f6c\u53d8”\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u548c\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u8fd9“\u4e24\u4e2a\u8f6c\u53d8”\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u6210\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7814\u8ba8\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u80fd\u591f\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u3001\u9c8d\u5f64\u548c\u653f\u6539\u529e\u5728\u7814\u8ba8\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u76ee\u6807\u4e0a\u641e\u4e86\u4e2a\u6298\u8877\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u540e\u6765\u5728\u4e2d\u5171\u5341\u4e09\u5927\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\uff1a\u6539\u9769\u7684“\u957f\u8fdc\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6c11\u4e3b\u3001\u6cd5\u5236\u5b8c\u5907\u3001\u5bcc\u6709\u6548\u7387\u3001\u5145\u6ee1\u6d3b\u529b\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u3002”“\u8fd1\u671f\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3001\u589e\u5f3a\u6d3b\u529b\u548c\u8c03\u52a8\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u79ef\u6781\u6027\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4f53\u5236”\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u65e2\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u8981\u7684\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u8981\u641e\u6c11\u4e3b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u5728\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u4e2d\u4e5f\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u4ed6\u90a3\u51e0\u5e74\u5bf9\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u5e76\u8bf4\uff1a“\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60f3\u6cd5\u6709\u7684\u5df2\u89c1\u8bf8\u6587\u5b57\u6216\u8c08\u8bdd\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u5df2\u7ecf\u5199\u8fdb\u5341\u4e09\u5927\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u6709\u4e9b\u4e0d\u80fd\u5199\u5f97\u90a3\u6837\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5f53\u65f6\u8fd8\u4e0d\u80fd\u5199\u8fdb\u53bb\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f1986-1989\u90a3\u51e0\u5e74\u6211\u5bf9\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u9010\u6e10\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5373\u6267\u653f\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u6267\u653f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5fc5\u987b\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u5141\u8bb8\u5404\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u9010\u6b65\u4ee5\u6cd5\u6cbb\u4ee3\u66ff\u4eba\u6cbb\uff0c\u628a\u5baa\u6cd5\u5df2\u7ecf\u539f\u5219\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u597d\u4e1c\u897f\u901a\u8fc7\u5177\u4f53\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e00\u4e00\u843d\u5b9e\u3002”[11]<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\uff1a\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u4e3b\u6301\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u6539\u9769\u63aa\u65bd\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u5212\u5b9a\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5728\u6539\u9769\u7814\u8ba8\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c1986\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u5c31\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6b21\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u5212\u5b9a\u4e86\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a“\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u662f\u515a\u653f\u8981\u5206\u5f00\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u515a\u5982\u4f55\u5584\u4e8e\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u8981\u653e\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u6743\u529b\u8981\u4e0b\u653e\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u4e2d\u592e\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5730\u65b9\u5404\u7ea7\u4e5f\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6743\u529b\u4e0b\u653e\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u7cbe\u7b80\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u8fd9\u548c\u6743\u529b\u4e0b\u653e\u6709\u5173\u3002”[12]\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u591a\u6b21\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u573a\u5408\u8c08\u5230\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4ece\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u5341\u4e09\u5927\u62a5\u544a\u7b2c\u4e94\u3001\u516d\u90e8\u5206\u53ca\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u603b\u4f53\u8bbe\u60f3\u300b\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6b21\u6539\u9769\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u63aa\u65bd\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\uff0c\u5c31\u662f“\u515a\u653f\u5206\u5f00”\u3002\u4f46\u62a5\u544a\u5bf9“\u515a\u653f\u5206\u5f00”\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u662f\uff1a“\u515a\u5e94\u5f53\u5728\u5baa\u6cd5\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u6d3b\u52a8”\uff0c“\u515a\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u5bfc\uff0c\u5373\u653f\u6cbb\u539f\u5219\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u65b9\u5411\u3001\u91cd\u5927\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u548c\u5411\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u6743\u673a\u5173\u63a8\u8350\u91cd\u8981\u5e72\u90e8\u3002”\u3002\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u5bf9“\u515a\u653f\u5206\u5f00”\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u9610\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e0e\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u591a\u91cd\u9886\u5bfc\u3001\u63d0\u9ad8\u884c\u653f\u6548\u7387\u4e3a\u76ee\u7684\u7684“\u515a\u653f\u5206\u5f00”\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u4e0d\u540c\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u515a\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e0d\u80fd\u8d85\u8d8a\u5baa\u6cd5\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff1b\u5f3a\u8c03“\u515a\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u6d3b\u52a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8”\uff1b\u5f3a\u8c03\u515a\u4e0d\u518d“\u9886\u5bfc\u4e00\u5207”\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u653f\u515a\u653f\u6cbb\u901a\u884c\u7684\u6267\u653f\u539f\u5219\uff1a\u5b9e\u884c\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u5bfc\uff0c\u5373“\u51fa\u4e3b\u610f\u3001\u7528\u5e72\u90e8”\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u56fd\u5bb6\u6700\u9ad8\u6743\u529b\u673a\u5173――\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u515a\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u5341\u4e09\u5927\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5728\u9664\u4eba\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u5173\u4e2d\u53d6\u6d88\u515a\u7ec4\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u56fd\u5bb6\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u6539\u9769\u4eba\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u9009\u4e3e\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u53f8\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u4f9d\u6cd5\u72ec\u7acb\u5ba1\u5224\u3001\u4f9d\u6cd5\u4fdd\u969c\u516c\u6c11\u5404\u9879\u57fa\u672c\u6743\u5229\uff1b\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86“\u63d0\u9ad8\u9886\u5bfc\u673a\u5173\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u91cd\u5927\u60c5\u51b5\u8ba9\u4eba\u6c11\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u91cd\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u7ecf\u4eba\u6c11\u8ba8\u8bba”\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u548c\u5efa\u7acb\u4eba\u6c11\u76d1\u7763\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u534f\u5546\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5236\u5ea6\uff1b\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86“\u5f62\u6210\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u65b0\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u505a\u5230\uff1a\u515a\u3001\u653f\u6743\u7ec4\u7ec7\u540c\u5176\u4ed6\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u6743\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5185\u90e8\u6d3b\u52a8\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u3001\u5730\u65b9\u3001\u57fa\u5c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\uff0c\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u57f9\u517b\u3001\u9009\u62d4\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u6dd8\u6c70\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\uff0c\u57fa\u5c42\u6c11\u4e3b\u751f\u6d3b\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u534f\u5546\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5236\u5ea6\u5316”[13]\u7b49\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u603b\u4f53\u8bbe\u60f3\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53c8\u5bf9\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6539\u9769\u4e00\u4e00\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5177\u4f53\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u4e2d\u5171\u5341\u4e09\u5927\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u5728\u9886\u5bfc\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53c8\u76f8\u7ee7\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6539\u9020\u601d\u60f3\u653f\u6cbb\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u5f00\u5c55\u5ec9\u653f\u5efa\u8bbe\u3001\u5728\u5efa\u8bbe\u5546\u54c1\u7ecf\u6d4e\u65b0\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u5efa\u8bbe\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u65b0\u79e9\u5e8f\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u5b83\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u5168\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u884c\u653f\u6539\u9769\u7684\u8303\u7574\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6848\u867d\u7136\u76ee\u6807\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e5f\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ea\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u4f46\u4ece\u603b\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u7b26\u5408\u4e16\u754c\u6c11\u4e3b\u6f6e\u6d41\u7684\u5927\u52bf\uff0c\u7b26\u5408\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e7f\u5927\u6c11\u4f17\u5bf9\u5b9e\u73b0\u6c11\u4e3b\u5baa\u653f\u7684\u671f\u76fc\u548c\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4e5f\u7b26\u5408\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u77ed\u6682\u7684\u65f6\u671f\u5185\uff0c\u5b83\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5bbd\u677e\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u73af\u5883\uff1a\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u9886\u5bfc\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u683c\u5c40\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u515a\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u5bfc\uff0c\u524a\u5f31\u515a\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u9886\u5bfc\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u9886\u5bfc\uff1b\u53d6\u6d88\u515a\u5bf9\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5ba1\u67e5\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u53d1\u6325\u65b0\u95fb\u5a92\u4f53\u7684\u76d1\u7763\u4f5c\u7528\uff1b\u5f00\u5c55\u793e\u4f1a\u534f\u5546\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u534f\u8c03\u89e3\u51b3\u793e\u4f1a\u77db\u76fe\uff1b\u53d6\u6d88\u515a\u5bf9\u53f8\u6cd5\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u5e72\u9884\uff1b\u901a\u8fc7\u5efa\u7acb\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u5236\u5ea6\u6765\u6de1\u5316\u515a\u7ba1\u5e72\u90e8\uff1b\u63a2\u7d22\u515a\u7684\u6267\u653f\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5efa\u7acb\u515a\u5185\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u7b49\u3002\u4ece\u5927\u7684\u65b9\u9762\u8bb2\uff0c\u5728\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u4e3b\u653f\u7684\u90a3\u51e0\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u7684\u4e00\u515a\u4e13\u5236\u5728\u9010\u6e10\u524a\u5f31\uff0c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u96c6\u6743\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u4e5f\u5728\u9010\u6e10\u5f31\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u6c11\u4e3b\u548c\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5efa\u8bbe\u9010\u6b65\u5f00\u59cb\u8d70\u4e0a\u6b63\u8f68\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u5404\u9879\u57fa\u672c\u6743\u5229\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0e\u4fdd\u969c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e86\u76f8\u5f53\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u515a\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6d3b\u5f00\u59cb\u8d70\u5411\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u4e0d\u9002\u5e94\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e5f\u5728\u9010\u6e10\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u56e0\u800c\u8fd9\u573a\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u6709\u76ca\u7684\uff0c\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u63a8\u52a8\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6240\u505a\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u516d\u56db\u4e4b\u540e\u5927\u90fd\u88ab\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u548c\u515a\u5185\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u52bf\u529b\u6240\u4e2d\u6b62\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u9000\u4e24\u6b65\u3002\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e5f\u88ab\u4f5c\u4e3a“\u641e\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u81ea\u7531\u5316”\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u5168\u76d8\u5426\u5b9a\u3002\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4f1a\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u548c\u515a\u5185\u4fdd\u5b88\u52bf\u529b\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u6240\u63a8\u884c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u5927\u5927\u5524\u9192\u4e86\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0e\u6743\u5229\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0b\u53bb\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5371\u80c1\u5230\u4e2d\u5171\u7684\u4e00\u515a\u4e13\u5236\uff1b\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u4e3b\u6301\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u5df2\u7ecf\u5927\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u80fd\u8bb8\u53ef\u3001\u63a5\u53d7\u548c\u5bb9\u5fcd\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u4efb\u5176\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c“\u515a\u5c06\u4e0d\u515a\uff0c\u56fd\u5c06\u4e0d\u56fd”\u3002\u636e\u300a\u674e\u9e4f\u516d\u56db\u65e5\u8bb0\u300b\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c1989\u5e745\u670819\u65e5\u4e0a\u5348\uff0c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u5728\u4ed6\u5bb6\u4e2d\u53ec\u5f00\u6709\u9648\u4e91\u3001\u674e\u5148\u5ff5\u3001\u6768\u5c1a\u6606\uff0c\u53ca\u9664\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4e2d\u592e\u5e38\u59d4\u3001\u4e2d\u592e\u519b\u59d4\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u53c2\u52a0\u7684\u4f1a\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff1a“\u8fd9\u6b21\u52a8\u4e71\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u51fa\u5728\u515a\u5185\u3002\u4e2d\u592e\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u53f8\u4ee4\u90e8\uff0c\u540d\u4e49\u4e0a\u770b\u662f\u674e\u9e4f\u548c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u6211\uff08\u6307\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\uff09\u548c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u3002”“\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u662f\u8bf4\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u505a\u5f97\u5c11\uff0c\u5386\u6765\u501f\u6211\u7684\u540d\uff0c\u641e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e00\u5957\uff0c\u501f\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u641e\u81ea\u5df1\u540d\u5802\u3002”[14]\u5176\u4e2d“\u8bf4\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u505a\u5f97\u5c11”\u8fd9\u8bdd\u4e0d\u5ba2\u89c2\uff0c\u4f46\u540e\u9762\u90a3\u4e00\u6bb5\u7528\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5012\u662f\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b97\u9519\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u53cd\u65b9\u9762\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u6240\u4e3b\u6301\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u6240\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a“\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769”\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u56de\u8fc7\u5934\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u771f\u7684\u4e2d\u89c4\u4e2d\u77e9\u5730\u6309\u7167\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u5957\u884c\u653f\u6539\u9769\u7684\u8def\u7ebf\uff0c\u6765\u641e“\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769”\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u573a“\u6539\u9769”\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d6\u5f97\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u540e\u6765\u6539\u9769\u88ab\u4e2d\u6b62\u3001\u4ed6\u4eba\u88ab\u64a4\u804c\u7684\u7ed3\u5c40\uff0c\u4f46\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4ece\u65b9\u6848\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u76f4\u52301989\u5e74\u7684\u516d\u56db\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u88ab\u9547\u538b\u7684\u67aa\u58f0\u6240\u7ec8\u6b62\uff0c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u90e8\u4e0b\u4eec\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u6539\u53d8\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u6267\u653f\u65b9\u5f0f\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u65b9\u5411\u662f\u660e\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u6001\u5ea6\u662f\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u5c31\u5728\u6700\u540e\u7684\u90a3\u573a\u5982\u4f55\u5bf9\u5f85\u5b66\u6f6e\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6597\u4e89\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u4e5f\u4ece\u6ca1\u6709\u653e\u5f03\u901a\u8fc7\u6c11\u4e3b\u548c\u6cd5\u5236\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u89e3\u51b3\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5e76\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u548c\u5e73\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u573a\u5b66\u6f6e\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u63a8\u8fdb\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u3002\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u5728\u4e94\u56db\u4e9a\u884c\u8bb2\u8bdd\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684“\u51b7\u9759\u3001\u7406\u667a\u3001\u514b\u5236\u3001\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u548c\u6cd5\u5236\u7684\u8f68\u9053\u4e0a\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898”\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u548c\u5e73\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u5b9e\u793e\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u793e\u4f1a\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u5e94\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u7a81\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6\u548c\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u5176\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8d70\u5411\u6fc0\u5316\u548c\u5bf9\u6297\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u793e\u4f1a\u57fa\u672c\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u6700\u597d\u9014\u5f84\u3002\u8fd9\u6761\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u4e00\u53cd\u4e2d\u5171\u8fc7\u53bb\u5904\u7406\u515a\u5185\u3001\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u77db\u76fe\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684“\u4ee5\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89\u4e3a\u7eb2”\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u548c\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4e2d\u5171\u515a\u5185\u4ee5\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u575a\u6301\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u8981\u6c42\u4ee5\u6c11\u4e3b\u7acb\u56fd\u548c\u4f9d\u6cd5\u6cbb\u56fd\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u7ef4\uff0c\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u6cbb\u56fd\u7406\u5ff5\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u6267\u653f\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u521b\u9020\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u8fd9\u573a\u6e10\u8fdb\u5f0f\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u4e3b\u6301\u8005\u662f\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\uff1b\u6539\u9769\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u6240\u65bd\u884c\u548c\u51c6\u5907\u65bd\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6309\u7167\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u3001\u9c8d\u5f64\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002\u6709\u9274\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4e3a\u8fd9\u573a\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\u662f\uff1a\u5b83\u7531\u4e2d\u5171\u515a\u5185\u4e00\u6279\u6709\u8fdc\u89c1\u3001\u6709\u6c11\u4e3b\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5f00\u660e\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4e3b\u6301\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u4f7f\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7531\u9769\u547d\u515a\u5411\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u515a\u8f6c\u53d8\u3001\u7531\u4e00\u515a\u72ec\u88c1\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u5411\u5baa\u653f\u6c11\u4e3b\u4f53\u5236\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u6709\u76ca\u507f\u8bd5\u3002\u5b83\u6700\u540e\u867d\u7136\u5931\u8d25\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u8f6c\u578b\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u548c\u610f\u4e49\u5374\u4e0d\u53ef\u4f4e\u4f30\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u90a3\u4e48\u6709\u4eba\u4f1a\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u65e2\u7136\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e0e\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u76f8\u5de6\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9093\u57281987\u5e74\u4e2d\u5171\u5341\u4e09\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u8868\u793a“\u5b8c\u5168\u8d5e\u6210”\u5341\u4e09\u5927\u62a5\u544a\u548c\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u603b\u4f53\u8bbe\u60f3\u300b\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u63a8\u8fdb\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\uff1f\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5f88\u597d\u7406\u89e3\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u4e3b\u6301\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7684“\u6548\u7387\u3001\u6d3b\u529b\u3001\u79ef\u6781\u6027”\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6539\u9769\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5927\u90fd\u6709\u515a\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u8bf4\u6cd5\u548c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u8fc7\u53bb\u8bb2\u8fc7\u7684\u8bdd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4ee5\u9093\u5c0f\u5e731980\u5e74\u76848·18\u8bb2\u8bdd\u4e3a“\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u7eb2\u9886\u6027\u6587\u4ef6”\u3002\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u6c11\u4e3b\u65b9\u9762\uff0c80\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u8bb2\u8fc7\u8bb8\u591a\u8bdd\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u6b21\u63d0\u51fa\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u65f6\u4ed6\u4e0d\u518d\u8bb2\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bdd\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u3001\u9c8d\u5f64\u4eec\u628a\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b“\u538b\u7bb1\u5e95”\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u7ffb\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5199\u5230\u65b9\u6848\u91cc\uff0c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u4e5f\u4e0d\u597d\u8bf4\u9519\uff0c\u4ed6\u603b\u4e0d\u80fd\u81ea\u5df1\u53cd\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u540c\u610f\u6539\u9769\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u6309\u8d75\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u53bb\u5199\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u771f\u7684\u540c\u610f\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u53bb\u505a\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u524d\u9762\u8c08\u5230\u8fc7\uff0c\u5f53\u8d75\u4e3b\u6301\u4e2d\u592e\u4e66\u8bb0\u5904\u4f1a\u8bae\u540c\u610f\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u6d3e\u5728\u4eba\u5927\u8bbe\u7acb\u515a\u7ec4\u65f6\uff0c\u9093\u5c31\u8ba9\u4eba\u7ed9\u8d75\u4f20\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff1a“\u8bb2\u53d1\u6325\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u6d3e\u7684\u53c2\u653f\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8bb2\u8bb2\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u80fd\u5f53\u771f\uff1f”[15]\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u5728\u6539\u9769\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u53d1\u5c55\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u4f1a\u6709\u90a3\u4e48\u5927\u7684\u52a8\u5458\u529b\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u5b83\u5524\u9192\u4e86\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u6743\u5229\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e861989\u5e74\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5927\u6f6e\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5371\u53ca\u5230\u4e86\u4e2d\u5171\u7684\u4e00\u515a\u4e13\u5236\u5236\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u516d\u56db\u9547\u538b\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u575a\u6301“\u5341\u4e09\u5927\u62a5\u544a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u4e0d\u6539”\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u4ed6\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u62a5\u544a\u6709\u9519\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u6b64\u540e\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u5374\u5043\u65d7\u606f\u9f13\uff0c“\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u4e0d\u63d0”\uff0c\u53c8\u8bf4\u660e\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u770b\u5230\u5e76\u4e14\u60e7\u6015\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u8fd9\u5957\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e0e\u63aa\u65bd\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u540e\u679c\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u867d\u7136\u57281992\u5e74\u5357\u5de1\u8bb2\u8bdd\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86“\u8c01\u4e0d\u641e\u6539\u9769\u8c01\u4e0b\u53f0”\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u4ec5\u4ec5\u6307\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u5219\u53ea\u5b57\u4e0d\u63d0\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd“\u8ddb\u811a\u7684\u6539\u9769”\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4ee5\u540e20\u5e74\u5e02\u573a\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u516c\u6743\u529b\u7684\u8150\u8d25\u3001\u6743\u8d35\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u516c\u4fe1\u529b\u4e0d\u518d\uff0c\u515a\u7684\u6267\u653f\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u6839\u57fa\u6d41\u5931\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u662f\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u6d88\u6781\u63a5\u53d7\u516d\u56db\u7684\u6559\u8bad\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769“\u4e00\u624b\u8f6f\u3001\u4e00\u624b\u786c”\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u6076\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u7531\u6267\u653f\u515a\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u5931\u8d25\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u8fd9\u573a\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u662f\u7531\u4e2d\u5171\u515a\u7684\u5168\u56fd\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u770b\u4e5f\u662f\u7531\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u4e3b\u6301\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ea\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u5e74\u534a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u30021989\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u653f\u5c40\u7684\u7a81\u7136\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u6253\u65ad\u4e86\u8fd9\u573a\u4e2d\u5171\u4ece\u9769\u547d\u515a\u5411\u6267\u653f\u515a\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u6539\u9769\u88ab\u8feb\u4e2d\u6b62\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u62df\u8bae\u4e2d\u51c6\u5907\u51fa\u53f0\u7684\u6539\u9769\u63aa\u65bd\u80ce\u6b7b\u8179\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u540e\u7684\u51e0\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u6539\u9769\u53c8\u91cd\u65b0\u56de\u5230\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u9000\u4e24\u6b65\u3002\u8fd9\u573a\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u4e2d\u5171\u515a\u5185\u4e0d\u540c\u653f\u6cbb\u529b\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b9e\u529b\u5bf9\u6bd4\u548c\u76f8\u4e92\u535a\u5f08\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u515a\u5185\u4fdd\u5b88\u529b\u91cf\u529b\u56fe\u626d\u8f6c\u5341\u4e09\u5927\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u8fd9\u573a\u6539\u9769\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u5ba2\u89c2\u539f\u56e0\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u603b\u8d77\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u8bf4\u8fc7\u7684\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\uff1a\u6539\u9769\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u4e0d\u591f\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u5206\u6790\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5927\u4f53\u4e0a\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u3001\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u5bf9\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u6001\u5ea6\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u662f\u5173\u952e\u56e0\u7d20\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u672c\u4e66\u524d\u6587\u66fe\u7ecf\u5206\u6790\u8fc7\uff0c\u572880\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u641e\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u662f\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f“\u6210\u4e5f\u8427\u4f55\uff0c\u8d25\u4e5f\u8427\u4f55”[16]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\u671f\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u590d\u51fa\u7684\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u9010\u6e10\u5728\u4e2d\u5171\u515a\u5185\u6811\u7acb\u8d77\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6743\u5a01\u867d\u7136\u8fdc\u4e0d\u5982\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5f53\u5e74\u90a3\u6837\u4e00\u8a00\u4e5d\u9f0e\uff0c\u515a\u5185\u8fd8\u6709\u9648\u4e91\u3001\u674e\u5148\u5ff5\u7b49\u8001\u8d44\u683c\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5206\u5ead\u6297\u793c\uff0c\u4f46\u968f\u7740\u9093\u6240\u63a8\u52a8\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u6df1\u5165\uff0c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u65e5\u91cd\u3002\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u4ed6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u62c5\u4efb\u4e2d\u5171\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5728\u515a\u5185\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u6743\u9010\u6e10\u5927\u5927\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u8001\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5171\u515a\u5185\u7b2c\u4e00\u4eba\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u515a\u5185\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e3b\u6301\u4e00\u7ebf\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u80e1\u8000\u90a6\u3001\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u6539\u9769\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u53ca\u4ee5\u9648\u4e91\u3001\u674e\u5148\u5ff5\u7b49\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u5143\u8001\u6d3e\u4e24\u652f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u52bf\u529b\uff0c\u88ab\u5916\u754c\u79f0\u4e3a\u515a\u5185\u7684“\u6539\u9769\u6d3e”\u4e0e“\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e”\u3002\u800c\u4e3b\u5f20\u65e2\u8981\u641e\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u53c8\u8981“\u575a\u6301\u56db\u9879\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219”\u7684\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\uff0c\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u51cc\u9a7e\u4e8e\u4e24\u6d3e\u653f\u6cbb\u529b\u91cf\u6597\u4e89\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u5177\u6709\u51b3\u5b9a\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u781d\u7801\u3002\u5728\u6574\u4e2a80\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u653f\u6cbb\u8def\u7ebf\u4e0a\u7684\u51e0\u6b21\u5927\u7684\u6447\u6446\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0e\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u6001\u5ea6\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u6709\u5173\u3002[17]<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u662f80\u5e74\u4ee3\u8fd9\u573a\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u8005\u548c\u63a8\u52a8\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e3a\u8fd9\u573a\u6539\u9769\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e5f\u5212\u51fa\u4e86\u5e95\u7ebf\u3002\u800c\u4ed6\u9009\u5b9a\u6765\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fd9\u573a\u6539\u9769\u7684\u4e2d\u5171\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\uff0c\u5374\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u8fd9\u573a\u6539\u9769\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u9093\u6240\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u884c\u653f\u6539\u9769\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u628a\u6539\u9769\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u653e\u5230\u4e86\u63a8\u52a8\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4ece\u9769\u547d\u515a\u5411\u6267\u653f\u515a\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e0a\u6765\u3002\u5f531989\u5e74\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u770b\u5230\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u4e3b\u6301\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u50ac\u53d1\u4e86\u6c11\u4e3b\u5927\u6f6e\uff0c\u8d75\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u573a\u6c11\u4e3b\u5927\u6f6e\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63a8\u52a8\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5371\u53ca\u5230\u4e2d\u5171\u7684\u4e00\u515a\u4e13\u5236\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u89e6\u72af\u4e86\u9093\u7684\u5e95\u7ebf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u63a8\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\uff0c\u4e0e\u515a\u5185\u5143\u8001\u9648\u4e91\u3001\u674e\u5148\u5ff5\u7b49\u4fdd\u5b88\u52bf\u529b\uff0c\u5728\u5bf9\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6709\u7740\u5f88\u5927\u5dee\u522b\uff0c\u5728\u4e2a\u522b\u65f6\u5019\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u59a8\u788d\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u540e\u6765\u5728\u5bf9\u5f85\u516d\u56db\u5b66\u6f6e\u548c\u627c\u6740\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u7ad9\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u9635\u8425\u91cc\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u7ef4\u62a4\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4e00\u515a\u4e13\u5236\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5dee\u522b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u515a\u5185\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u52bf\u529b\u4e0d\u7518\u5fc3\u653e\u5f03\u65e7\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u575a\u6301\u7ef4\u6301\u6781\u6743\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u575a\u5b9a\u6001\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u4e0e\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u4e24\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769“\u8def\u7ebf”\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u5dee\u522b\uff0c\u662f\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u51fa\u624b\u4e2d\u6b62\u8fd9\u573a\u6539\u9769\u7684\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u573a\u6539\u9769\u662f\u9093\u81ea\u5df1\u63d0\u51fa\u5e76\u53d1\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u4ed6\u4e00\u65e6\u53d1\u73b0\u5b83\u7684\u4e3b\u6301\u8005\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d70\u5f97\u592a\u8fdc\uff0c\u8d75\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u548c\u6cd5\u6cbb\u7684“\u8def\u7ebf”\u53ef\u80fd\u5371\u53ca\u5230\u4e2d\u5171\u4e00\u515a\u72ec\u88c1\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ea\u6709\u4e0e\u515a\u5185\u4fdd\u5b88\u52bf\u529b\u8054\u624b\uff0c\u5c06\u5b83\u627c\u6740\u6389\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u3001\u515a\u5185\u9ad8\u5c42\u4fdd\u5b88\u52bf\u529b\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4e2d\u5916\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u6b21\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u6539\u9769\u529b\u91cf\u4e0e\u53cd\u6539\u9769\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u535a\u5f08\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u5b88\u65e7\u52bf\u529b\u548c\u65e2\u5f97\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u53cd\u6297\u548c\u963b\u6320\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u5386\u53f2\u6240\u53cd\u590d\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u516d\u56db\u9547\u538b\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u6210\u56e0\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u88ab\u627c\u6740\u7684\u52a8\u56e0\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7684\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u515a\u5185\u9ad8\u5c42\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u52bf\u529b\u4f3a\u673a\u800c\u52a8\uff0c\u63a8\u6ce2\u52a9\u6f9c\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u56de\u987e1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u6574\u4e2a\u6539\u9769\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u515a\u5185\u9ad8\u5c42\u4e2d\u4fdd\u5b88\u548c\u53cd\u6539\u9769\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u662f\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u4e3b\u6301\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u963b\u6320\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u9057\u4f59\u529b\u7684\u3002\u4ece1986\u5e7410\u6708\u7814\u8ba8\u548c\u5236\u5b9a\u6539\u9769\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8d77\uff0c\u9ad8\u5c42\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u52bf\u529b\u5bf9\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u963b\u6320\u548c\u7834\u574f\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7684“\u5c1a\u65b9\u5b9d\u5251”\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d7\u5230\u515a\u5185\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u52bf\u529b\u7684\u5e72\u6270\u548c\u963b\u6320\u3002\u5148\u662f1986\u5e74\u5e95\u80e1\u8000\u90a6\u88ab\u8feb\u8f9e\u804c\u548c“\u53cd\u81ea\u7531\u5316”\u7684\u98ce\u6f6e\uff0c\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u6709\u4eba\u5f80\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u548c\u9c8d\u5f64\u53ca\u653f\u6539\u529e\u8eab\u4e0a\u6cfc\u6c61\u6c34\uff0c\u8bf4\u653f\u6539\u529e\u662f\u5728\u641e“\u81ea\u7531\u5316”\uff1b\u540e\u6765\u53c8\u662f\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u770b\u4e86“\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u603b\u4f53\u8bbe\u60f3”\u7684\u521d\u7a3f\u540e\uff0c\u8bf4“\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e5f\u641e\u4e86\u70b9\u4e09\u6743\u5206\u7acb”\uff1b\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u540e\u5230\u4e86\u5341\u4e8c\u5c4a\u4e03\u4e2d\u5168\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bf9\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u603b\u4f53\u8bbe\u60f3\u300b\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u4ecd\u7136\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u601d\u60f3\u96be\u4e8e\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u5728\u5168\u4f1a\u4e0a\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bbe\u60f3\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u6539\u4e3a“\u539f\u5219\u540c\u610f”\u3002\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u540e\u6765\u56de\u5fc6\u8bf4\uff1a“\u8981\u771f\u6b63\u7740\u624b\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u96be\u5ea6\u975e\u5e38\u5927\uff0c\u515a\u5185\u90a3\u4e9b\u8001\u540c\u5fd7\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u79cd\u6539\u9769\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5341\u4e09\u5927\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5904\u4e8e\u505c\u6ede\u72b6\u6001\u3002”“\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u8001\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u867d\u7136\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u4e0a\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u4e0a\u770b\u6cd5\u5374\u57fa\u672c\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u90fd\u4e0d\u4e3b\u5f20\u6539\u52a8\u539f\u6709\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u3002\u751f\u6015\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u4e0a\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u4f1a\u5411\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u6743\u529b\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u4f1a\u524a\u5f31\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u52a8\u6447\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u3002”[18]<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4e2d\u5171\u5341\u4e09\u5927\u6362\u5c4a\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u4e3b\u6301\u4e00\u7ebf\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4e94\u4f4d\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u5e38\u59d4\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u6781\u4e3a\u987d\u56fa\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u52bf\u529b\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u674e\u9e4f\u548c\u59da\u4f9d\u6797\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u515a\u5185\u4fdd\u5b88\u52bf\u529b\u6709\u4e86\u76f4\u63a5\u63d2\u624b\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u3001\u5e72\u9884\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u4e3b\u6301\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u9ad8\u5c42\u5185\u90e8\u4fdd\u5b88\u52bf\u529b\u4e0e\u6539\u9769\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u66f4\u52a0\u8868\u9762\u5316\uff0c\u5c16\u9510\u5316\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u4e00\u7ebf\u64cd\u4f5c\u8005\u548c\u4e3b\u6301\u8005\uff0c\u515a\u5185\u4fdd\u5b88\u52bf\u529b\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u8981\u626d\u8f6c\u6539\u9769\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u628a\u8d75\u641e\u4e0b\u53f0\u3002\u8bfb\u8005\u60f3\u5fc5\u8bb0\u5f97\uff0c\u5728\u80e1\u8000\u90a6\u88ab\u8feb\u8f9e\u804c\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u515a\u5185\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u5143\u8001\u4eec\u5c31\u5e0c\u671b\u63a8\u51fa\u9093\u529b\u7fa4\u5f53\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4e00\u7ebf\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f01\u56fe\u56e0\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4e2d\u5171\u5341\u4e09\u5927\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u9093\u529b\u7fa4\u88ab\u5dee\u989d\u9009\u4e3e\u5dee\u6389\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u641e\u7684\u9b3c\uff0c\u5fc3\u4e2d\u66f4\u52a0\u6028\u6068\u3002\u674e\u9e4f\u3001\u59da\u4f9d\u6797\u8fdb\u5165\u4e2d\u592e\u5e38\u59d4\u4f1a\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4e2d\u592e\u4e00\u7ebf\u73ed\u5b50\u4e2d\u6709\u4e86\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u641e\u6389\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u624d\u80fd\u638c\u63a7\u4e2d\u592e\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u6743\uff0c\u626d\u8f6c\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ece\u6ca1\u6709\u653e\u5f03\u641e\u6389\u8d75\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

1988\u5e74\u5e95\u52301989\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u5f53\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u63d0\u51fa\u7684“\u7269\u4ef7\u95ef\u5173”\u9047\u963b\uff0c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u88ab\u8feb\u627f\u62c5\u8d23\u4efb\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u515a\u5185\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u5143\u8001\u674e\u5148\u5ff5\u3001\u738b\u9707\u7b49\u4eba\u6293\u4f4f\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u9762\u524d\u5927\u8fdb\u8c17\u8a00\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u9093\u64a4\u6362\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\uff0c\u522e\u8d77“\u5012\u8d75\u98ce”\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f1989\u5e744\u6708\u5b66\u6f6e\u8d77\u6765\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u673a\u4f1a\u6765\u4e86\u3002\u674e\u9e4f\uff0c\u59da\u4f9d\u6797\u5229\u7528\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u5bb3\u6015\u6c11\u4e3b\u5927\u6f6e\u3001\u62c5\u5fc3\u5371\u53ca\u515a\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\uff0c\u5148\u662f\u63a8\u52a8\u9093\u7ed9\u5b66\u6f6e\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53c8\u4e00\u6b65\u6b65\u628a\u5b66\u6f6e\u63a8\u5411\u6b7b\u80e1\u540c\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u9093\u6700\u540e\u505a\u51fa\u6b66\u529b\u9547\u538b\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ad9\u5728\u4e0e\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u7684“\u6c11\u4e3b\u548c\u6cd5\u5236”\u4e3b\u5f20\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633“\u652f\u6301\u52a8\u4e71”\u4e3a\u7531\uff0c\u501f\u52a9\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u641e\u6389\u4e86\u8d75\uff0c\u5236\u9020\u4e86\u516d\u56db\u8840\u6848\uff0c\u4e5f\u6253\u65ad\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e86\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u8fd9\u573a\u4f7f\u4e2d\u5171\u5411\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u515a\u3001\u73b0\u4ee3\u653f\u515a\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u507f\u8bd5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\u3001\u515a\u5185\u4e2d\u9ad8\u5c42\u666e\u904d\u7f3a\u4e4f“\u4ece\u9769\u547d\u515a\u5411\u73b0\u4ee3\u653f\u515a\u8f6c\u578b”\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u57fa\u7840\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\r\n

80\u5e74\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u6761\uff0c\u662f\u515a\u5185\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u51c6\u5907\u8fdc\u8fdc\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5168\u515a\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u515a\u7684\u4e2d\u9ad8\u5c42\u5e72\u90e8\u666e\u904d\u4e25\u91cd\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8fdb\u884c\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0“\u4ece\u9769\u547d\u515a\u5411\u73b0\u4ee3\u653f\u515a\u8f6c\u578b”\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u6539\u9769\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u5168\u515a\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4e2d\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5e72\u90e8\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4e0a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u7684\u6781\u6743\u4f53\u5236\u4e0e\u516c\u6743\u529b\u7684\u8150\u8d25\u5c1a\u672a\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u5f53\u4eca\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u6743\u8d35\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u56e2\u4e5f\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5728\u515a\u5185\u4e2d\u9ad8\u5c42\u4e2d\u6240\u9047\u5230\u7684\u963b\u529b\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u65e2\u5f97\u5229\u76ca\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8fd8\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u5927\u90fd\u8fd8\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u89c2\u5ff5\u5c42\u9762\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u8bf4\uff1a“\u6211\u6df1\u611f\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u5fc5\u987b\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u7167\u642c\u897f\u65b9\u90a3\u4e00\u5957\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6839\u636e\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u60c5\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u5730\u5b9e\u884c\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u3001\u6709\u76d1\u7763\u7684\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u6267\u653f\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u6743\u529b\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u80fd\u5784\u65ad\uff0c\u6743\u529b\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u76d1\u7763\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f17\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5f62\u52bf\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u5341\u4e09\u5927\u4e5f\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6539\u9769\u3002”[19]\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u80fd\u591f\u5f62\u6210\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u515a\u5185\u4e2d\u9ad8\u5c42\u4e2d\u5c11\u4e4b\u53c8\u5c11\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5f53\u65f6\u515a\u5185\u7684\u4e2d\u9ad8\u5c42\u5e72\u90e8\uff0c\u5927\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u4e2d\u5171\u9ad8\u5ea6\u96c6\u4e2d\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u4f53\u5236\u4e0b\u88ab\u57f9\u517b\u548c\u6210\u957f\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e60\u60ef\u4e8e“\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89”\uff0c\u4e60\u60ef\u4e8e“\u515a\u7684\u4e00\u5143\u5316\u9886\u5bfc”\uff0c\u4e60\u60ef\u4e8e“\u8206\u8bba\u4e00\u5f8b”\uff0c\u4e60\u60ef\u4e8e\u4f9d\u9760\u884c\u653f\u624b\u6bb5\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6cd5\u6cbb\u624b\u6bb5\u53bb\u8fdb\u884c\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6cbb\u7406\uff0c\u4e60\u60ef\u4e8e\u539f\u6709\u7684\u90a3\u5957\u9ad8\u5ea6\u96c6\u6743\u7684\u4e00\u515a\u4e13\u5236\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u4e60\u60ef\u4e8e\u540c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f53\u5236\u76f8\u9002\u5e94\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u5957\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u7684\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230“\u9886\u5bfc”\u4e0e“\u6267\u653f”\u3001\u6cd5\u6cbb\u4e0e\u4eba\u6cbb\u3001\u4e13\u5236\u4e0e\u5baa\u653f\u7b49\u7406\u5ff5\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0e\u533a\u522b\u3002\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u5728\u515a\u7684\u4e2d\u9ad8\u5c42\u5e72\u90e8\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u73b0\u4ee3\u653f\u515a\u6240\u5e94\u6709\u7684\u6267\u653f\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u8fdc\u6ca1\u6709\u5f62\u6210\u8fdb\u884c\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

1987\u5e746\u6708\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u515a\u5185\u4e0b“\u6bdb\u6bdb\u96e8”\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u300a\u515a\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u9886\u5bfc\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6539\u9769\u300b\u7684\u8bb2\u8bdd\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e5f\u5927\u5927\u52a0\u5f3a\u3002\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u5728\u4e2d\u5171\u5341\u4e09\u5927\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u900f\u5f7b\u7684\u9610\u8ff0\uff0c\u5e76\u8981\u6c42\u5168\u515a\u8fdb\u884c\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u7edf\u4e00\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u603b\u5171\u53ea\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u77ed\u77ed\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u3002\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u60ef\u6027\u3001\u4f53\u5236\u60ef\u6027\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u60ef\u6027\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u77ed\u77ed\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\u5f97\u5230\u626d\u8f6c\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u53d7\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u524d\u8fd8\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u90a3\u573a\u53cd“\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u81ea\u7531\u5316”\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u521a\u521a\u8fd8\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u7981\u533a\uff0c“\u81ea\u7531\u5316”\u7684\u5e3d\u5b50\u8fd8\u5728\u515a\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u624b\u91cc\u62ff\u7740\uff0c\u51c6\u5907\u968f\u65f6\u7ed9\u4eba\u6234\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u4f7f\u5f97“\u5b81\u5de6\u52ff\u53f3”\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5728\u515a\u5185\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u90fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u515a\u5185\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4e2d\u9ad8\u5c42\u5e72\u90e8\u5bf9\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u51c6\u5907\u4e25\u91cd\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5341\u4e09\u5927\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u5728\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u7684\u4e3b\u6301\u4e0b\u5f00\u59cb\u5b9e\u65bd\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u96f7\u58f0\u5927\u96e8\u70b9\u5c0f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53d7\u5230\u515a\u5185\u76f8\u5f53\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u9ad8\u5c42\u9886\u5bfc\u5e72\u90e8\u7684\u660e\u62d6\u6697\u6297\uff0c\u963b\u529b\u91cd\u91cd\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u515a\u653f\u5206\u5f00\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u65b0\u95fb\u6539\u9769\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u56e2\u4f53\u72ec\u7acb\u5316\u3001\u4eba\u5927\u4e2d\u7684\u515a\u6d3e\u6d3b\u52a8\u3001\u4ee5\u7acb\u6cd5\u65b9\u5f0f\u4fdd\u969c\u516c\u6c11\u57fa\u672c\u6743\u5229\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u8bf4\u662f\u6b65\u5c65\u7ef4\u8270\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u751a\u81f3\u88ab\u7be1\u6539\u6216\u53d8\u5f62\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u6539\u9769\u63aa\u65bd\u9996\u5148\u515a\u4e2d\u592e\u5404\u90e8\u95e8\u5c31\u4e0d\u914d\u5408\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u660e\u663e\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e2d\u7ec4\u90e8\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d6\u6d88\u5341\u4e09\u5927\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d“\u5c06\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u5206\u4e3a\u653f\u52a1\u3001\u4e1a\u52a1\u4e24\u7c7b”\u7684\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u7262\u7262\u6293\u4f4f\u4e3b\u8981\u5e72\u90e8\u7684\u4efb\u547d\u6743\u4e0d\u653e\u3002\u5730\u65b9\u515a\u59d4\u7684\u6539\u9769\u540c\u6837\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u4e2d\u592e\u4e00\u5c42\u7684\u653f\u6cd5\u59d4\u64a4\u9500\u540e\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u5404\u7ea7\u8fdf\u8fdf\u4e0d\u52a8\uff1b\u57fa\u5c42\u515a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c5e\u5730\u5316\u51e0\u4e4e\u88ab\u6401\u7f6e\u3002\u515a\u5185\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u963b\u529b\uff0c\u6700\u6839\u672c\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u89c2\u5ff5\u548c\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u515a\u7684\u4e00\u5143\u5316\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u4f53\u5236\u60ef\u6027\uff0c\u53ca\u6743\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u515a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed9\u515a\u7684\u5404\u7ea7\u5e72\u90e8\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u89c9\u6216\u4e0d\u81ea\u89c9\u5730\u6210\u4e3a\u6539\u9769\u7684\u963b\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u7b2c\u56db\u3001\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u4e3b\u6301\u4e2d\u592e\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5e76\u4e0d\u7a33\u56fa\uff0c\u4e14\u6709\u8106\u5f31\u6027\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4ece\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u573a\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u4e3b\u6301\u8005\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\uff0c\u8eab\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\uff0c\u638c\u63e1\u7740\u4e3b\u6301\u4e2d\u592e\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5927\u6743\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u592e\u9ad8\u5c42\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u662f\u5341\u5206\u8106\u5f31\u7684\u300280\u5e74\u4ee3\u515a\u5185\u9ad8\u5c42\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u6001\u52bf\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4e3a\u9996\u7684\u6539\u9769\u529b\u91cf\u65e0\u6cd5\u771f\u6b63\u638c\u63e1\u4e2d\u592e\u7684\u4eba\u4e8b\u6743\u3001\u51b3\u7b56\u6743\u548c\u6267\u884c\u6743\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u8981\u63a8\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u91cd\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e2d\u592e\u5e38\u59d4\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5f97\u5230\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u90fd\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u4e2d\u592e\u5404\u4e2a\u804c\u80fd\u673a\u6784\u53bb\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

80\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u662f\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u4eb2\u81ea\u70b9\u5c06\uff0c\u628a\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u4ece\u56db\u5ddd\u8c03\u6765\u4e2d\u592e\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u540e\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9093\u4e0e\u8d75\u7684\u914d\u5408\u57fa\u672c\u662f\u9ed8\u5951\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u9093\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e5f\u662f\u6210\u529f\u7684\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u518d\u6b21\u70b9\u5c06\uff0c\u7531\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u4e3b\u6301\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u63a5\u66ff\u80e1\u8000\u90a6\u62c5\u4efb\u4e2d\u592e\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u515a\u5185\u6700\u5177\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u5143\u8001\uff0c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u662f\u51cc\u9a7e\u4e8e\u6539\u9769\u6d3e\u548c\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u8d75\u867d\u7136\u5f53\u4e86\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\uff0c\u4ed6\u8981\u628a\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u9700\u8981\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u9093\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u8d75\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e5f\u5e72\u4e0d\u6210\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4ece\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u770b\uff0c\u57281989\u5e74\u521d\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u5bf9\u8d75\u4e5f\u4e00\u76f4\u8fd8\u662f\u652f\u6301\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6709\u4e86\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5f00\u624b\u811a\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u987e\u5fcc\u4e86\u3002\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u6709\u4ed6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5e95\u7ebf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e95\u7ebf\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684“\u56db\u9879\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219”\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5371\u53ca\u515a\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u5728“\u5782\u5e18\u542c\u653f”\uff0c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u5728\u5b9e\u65bd\u6539\u9769\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8981\u65f6\u65f6\u987e\u5fcc\u5230\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e95\u7ebf\uff0c\u9632\u5907\u4fdd\u5b88\u52bf\u529b\u7684\u660e\u67aa\u6697\u7bad\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u653e\u5f00\u624b\u811a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4ece\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u300a\u6539\u9769\u5386\u7a0b\u300b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u300a\u674e\u9e4f\u516d\u56db\u65e5\u8bb0\u300b\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u5341\u4e09\u5927\u540e\u8fdb\u5165\u4e2d\u592e\u5e38\u59d4\u7684\u674e\u9e4f\u3001\u59da\u4f9d\u6797\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u515a\u5185\u4fdd\u5b88\u52bf\u529b\u5728\u4e2d\u592e\u5e38\u59d4\u4e2d\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\uff0c\u65f6\u65f6\u5728\u5bf9\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u864e\u89c6\u7708\u7708\u3002\u5728“\u7269\u4ef7\u95ef\u5173”\u5931\u8d25\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ee5“\u51b3\u7b56\u5931\u8bef”\u4e3a\u540d\u5ac1\u7978\u4e8e\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\uff1b\u4ece\u5b66\u6f6e\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u5c31\u662f\u6301\u6000\u7591\u548c\u4e0d\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u5404\u79cd\u5c0f\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u5404\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bf9\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u65bd\u52a0\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f01\u56fe\u501f\u7528\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u641e\u57ae\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7a33\u56fa\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u90fd\u9996\u5148\u8981\u8003\u8651\u5230\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5230\u4f1a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u4fdd\u5b88\u52bf\u529b\u6293\u4f4f\u628a\u67c4\u3002\u4ed6\u5fc5\u987b\u5341\u5206\u8c28\u614e\u5c0f\u5fc3\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u7528“\u5982\u5c65\u8584\u51b0”\u6765\u5f62\u5bb9\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e3a\u8fc7\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4e2d\u592e\u5404\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u95e8\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u4e0d\u5f97\u529b\uff0c\u662f\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u63a8\u884c\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9047\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5341\u5206\u5934\u75bc\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u30021987\u5e74\u521d\u80e1\u8000\u90a6\u88ab\u8feb\u8f9e\u804c\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u6380\u8d77\u4e86\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u53cd“\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u81ea\u7531\u5316”\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u515a\u5185\u4fdd\u5b88\u52bf\u529b\u501f\u673a\u638c\u63a7\u4e86\u4e2d\u592e\u5404\u8981\u5bb3\u90e8\u95e8\u3002\u5341\u4e09\u5927\u524d\u540e\uff0c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u4e3a\u4e86\u6539\u53d8\u8fd9\u79cd\u683c\u5c40\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u501f\u52a9\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u957f\u671f\u7531\u9093\u529b\u7fa4\u638c\u7ba1\u5ba3\u4f20\u8206\u8bba\u5927\u6743\u7684\u5c40\u9762\uff0c\u64a4\u9500\u4e86\u9093\u4e3b\u7ba1\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u7b56\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u7b49\uff0c\u4f46\u4e2d\u592e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u5ba3\u4f20\u7b49\u90e8\u95e8\u7531\u4fdd\u5b88\u52bf\u529b\u6240\u638c\u63a7\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u6839\u672c\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u90e8\u957f\u662f\u5b8b\u5e73\uff0c\u5ba3\u4f20\u90e8\u957f\u662f\u738b\u5fcd\u4e4b\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4fdd\u5b88\u52bf\u529b\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5e72\u5c06\u3002\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u6ca1\u6709\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f62\u6210\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6539\u9769\u6d3e\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u73ed\u5e95\u3002\u5728\u4fdd\u5b88\u52bf\u529b\u7684\u538b\u529b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u65e2\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5927\u5f20\u65d7\u9f13\u5730\u5b89\u6392\u81ea\u5df1\u77a9\u610f\u7684\u6539\u9769\u6d3e\u5e72\u90e8\u62c5\u4efb\u5173\u952e\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u804c\u52a1\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u628a\u90a3\u4e9b\u5360\u636e\u91cd\u8981\u5c97\u4f4d\u4f46\u6210\u4e3a\u6539\u9769\u963b\u529b\u7684\u5e72\u90e8\u64a4\u6362\u6389\u30021996\u5e74\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u6768\u7ee7\u7ef3\u91c7\u8bbf\u65f6\uff0c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u8bf4\uff1a“\u91cd\u8981\u4eba\u4e8b\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c42\u6240\u80fd\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u8000\u90a6\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u8fde\u53c2\u4e0e\u610f\u89c1\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u3002‘\u516d\u4eba\u5c0f\u7ec4’\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u51b3\u5b9a\u6743\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u5230\u51e0\u4e2a\u8001\u4eba\u90a3\u91cc\u542c\u53d6\u610f\u89c1\u3002\u5c0f\u5e73\u3001\u9648\u4e91\u4e24\u4eba\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\u610f\u89c1\u4ee5\u540e\u5c31\u80fd\u5b9a\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0d\u9519\uff0c\u5c31\u8c03\u4e0a\u6765\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u884c\uff0c\u5c31\u8ba9\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u5f53\u5e74\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u3002‘\u8d75\u5b5f\u80fd\u4f7f\u8d35\u4e4b\uff0c\u4ea6\u80fd\u8d31\u4e4b\u3002’\u8fd9\u662f\u4e1c\u65b9\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u3002\u6211\u5f53\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u90e8\u957f\u6211\u80fd\u52a8\u5417\uff1f\u5ba3\u4f20\u90e8\u957f\u6211\u80fd\u52a8\u5417\uff1f\u4e0d\u80fd\u3002\u5bf9\u5ba3\u4f20\u90e8\u957f\u738b\u5fcd\u4e4b\u6211\u5f88\u4e0d\u6ee1\u610f\uff0c\u6211\u8fd8\u9a82\u4e86\u4ed6\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u6211\u53ea\u80fd\u9a82\u9a82\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u6211\u6362\u4e0d\u4e86\u4ed6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u4eba\u652f\u6301\u4ed6\u3002”[20]<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u7b2c\u4e94\u3001\u4ee5\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u4e3a\u9996\u7684\u515a\u5185\u6539\u9769\u6d3e\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u548c\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u4e3b\u6301\u7684\u641e\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u6765\u81ea\u793e\u4f1a\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6709\u6548\u7684\u671d\u91ce\u4e92\u52a8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u7531\u4e8e\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u641e\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u654f\u611f\u6027\uff0c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u8981\u9632\u5907\u6765\u81ea\u515a\u5185\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u660e\u67aa\u6697\u7bad\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u8981\u9632\u6b62\u7531\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769“\u540a\u9ad8\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u7684\u80c3\u53e3”\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u65e6“\u8fc7\u5206\u8fc1\u5c31\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u7684\u60c5\u7eea”\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u96be\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u5c40\u9762\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u515a\u5185\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u653b\u51fb\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u4e2d\u6b62\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u53e3\u5b9e\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u4ed6\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u5730\u4f4d\u95ee\u9898\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u53d8\u5316\u5c06\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u4ed6\u8981\u63a8\u8fdb\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u91cd\u89c6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8003\u8651\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u4e3b\u6301\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bf9\u5c01\u95ed\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u4fdd\u5b88\u52bf\u529b\u7684\u864e\u89c6\u7708\u7708\uff0c\u53c8\u5fc5\u987b\u548c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73“\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4”\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u81f4\u4f7f\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u3001\u9c8d\u5f64\u7b49\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u7684\u4e3b\u6301\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u628a\u6709\u4e9b\u6539\u9769\u63aa\u65bd\u7684\u610f\u56fe\u5bf9\u515a\u5185\u3001\u5bf9\u5168\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u5f00\uff0c\u8bf4\u5f97\u90a3\u4e48\u660e\u786e\u3001\u90a3\u4e48\u76f4\u767d\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u6539\u9769\u529b\u91cf\u5bf9\u6b64\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u671d\u91ce\u4e25\u91cd\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4e92\u52a8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4ece\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u8bf4\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e2d\u5171\u9ad8\u5c42\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4e0d\u900f\u660e\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u591a\u6570\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u548c\u6c11\u4f17\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u4e3b\u6301\u7684\u6267\u653f\u515a\u4e2d\u592e\u5185\u90e8\u56f4\u7ed5\u6539\u9769\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6fc0\u70c8\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u8d75\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u4e2d\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u8270\u96be\u5c40\u9762\uff0c\u548c\u4ed6\u6240\u8d77\u5230\u7684\u4e2d\u6d41\u7825\u67f1\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u5bf9\u8d75\u4e3b\u6301\u653f\u6539\u7684\u63a8\u8fdb\u7f13\u6162\u6709\u6028\u6c14\u548c\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u5728\u6709\u4e9b\u65f6\u5019\u8d75\u751a\u81f3\u548c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u3001\u674e\u9e4f\u7b49\u4e00\u8d77\u6210\u4e3a\u6c11\u4f17\u53d1\u6cc4\u4e0d\u6ee1\u60c5\u7eea\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u4f7f\u8d75\u5728\u63a8\u8fdb\u6539\u9769\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u54cd\u5e94\u548c\u652f\u6301\u30021988\u5e74\u5e95\u52301989\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u6025\u8fdb\u6c11\u4e3b\u6d3e\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c8\u4e00\u4e2a\u7684\u4e0a\u4e66\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c8\u4e00\u4e2a\u7684\u547c\u5401\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e3b\u6301\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u53d7\u5230\u65e5\u76ca\u52a0\u5927\u7684\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4ed6\u9762\u4e34“\u5012\u8d75\u98ce”\uff0c\u5728\u515a\u5185\u4fdd\u5b88\u52bf\u529b\u7684\u538b\u529b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u8c28\u614e\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5e94\u5bf9\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u6b65\u5c65\u7ef4\u8270\uff1b\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u8981\u9762\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u65e5\u76ca\u9ad8\u6da8\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u538b\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u65e2\u662f\u4ed6\u63a8\u8fdb\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u52a9\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u662f\u4ed6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6267\u653f\u515a\u7684\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u7ef4\u6301\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u9762\u57fa\u672c\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u4e00\u9053\u96be\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u7684\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\uff0c\u7528\u4e00\u53e5\u4e0d\u656c\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4fd7\u8bed\u6765\u5f62\u5bb9\uff0c\u771f\u7684\u662f“\u98ce\u7bb1\u91cc\u7684\u8001\u9f20\uff0c\u4e24\u5934\u53d7\u6c14”\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u7279\u522b\u662f\u57281989\u5e745\u670817\u65e5\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u90a3\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u8d75\u7684\u4e9a\u884c\u8bb2\u8bdd\u8bb8\u8bfa\u4e0e\u5b66\u751f\u5bf9\u8bdd\u540e\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u674e\u9e4f\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u63a3\u8098\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u5e38\u59d4\u5185\u90e8\u610f\u89c1\u65e0\u6cd5\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u5bf9\u8bdd\u65e0\u6cd5\u5151\u73b0\u65f6\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u53d1\u52a8\u4e86\u5929\u5b89\u95e8\u5e7f\u573a\u4e0a\u7684\u7edd\u98df\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4f46\u628a\u4e3b\u6301\u4e2d\u592e\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u903c\u5230\u4e86\u5899\u89d2\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u7684“\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u548c\u6cd5\u5236\u8f68\u9053\u4e0a\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898”\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u66f4\u96be\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4f7f\u674e\u9e4f\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u5f3a\u786c\u4e3b\u5f20\u66f4\u663e\u5f97\u7406\u76f4\u6c14\u58ee\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6210\u4e3a\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u4e0b\u51b3\u5fc3\u62ff\u4e0b\u8d75\u3001\u5b9e\u884c\u6212\u4e25\u7684\u7406\u7531\u300219\u53f7\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5f53\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u4e2d\u592e\u5185\u90e8\u8fd9\u79cd\u6fc0\u70c8\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u65f6\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fdf\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u662f\u4e2d\u5171\u515a\u7684\u5168\u56fd\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u7684\u51b3\u8bae\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u540e\u6765\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u6709“\u5341\u4e09\u5927\u62a5\u544a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u4e0d\u6539”\u4e4b\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u515a\u5185\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u6709\u8bc6\u4e4b\u58eb\u3001\u515a\u5916\u7684\u5e7f\u5927\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u3001\u5404\u9636\u5c42\u6c11\u4f17\u591a\u6570\u652f\u6301\u6267\u653f\u515a\u8fdb\u884c\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5173\u952e\u65f6\u523b\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u653f\u6cbb\u6001\u5ea6\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5bfc\u81f4\u515a\u5185\u6539\u9769\u4e0e\u53cd\u6539\u9769\u529b\u91cf\u5bf9\u6bd4\u53d8\u5316\u3001\u5bf9\u5b66\u6f6e\u7684\u6b66\u529b\u9547\u538b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b64\u540e\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u9ad8\u538b\u7b49\u590d\u6742\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u4e3b\u6301\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u65e0\u6cd5\u5145\u5206\u7684“\u63a5\u5730\u6c14”\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u671d\u91ce\u7684\u6709\u6548\u548c\u53ca\u65f6\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u5728\u5173\u952e\u65f6\u523b\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u6765\u81ea\u793e\u4f1a\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u6709\u529b\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u5f88\u5feb\u6210\u4e3a“\u5b64\u5bb6\u5be1\u4eba”\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e3b\u6301\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u5f88\u5feb\u88ab\u4e2d\u6b62\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u515a\u5185\u4e3b\u5f20\u8fdb\u884c\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u5728\u4e0e\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u653f\u6cbb\u52bf\u529b\u7684\u535a\u5f08\u4e2d\u8d25\u4e0b\u9635\u6765\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u5fc5\u7136\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4e09\u3001\u5173\u4e8e80\u5e74\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u56e0\u7d20<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u603b\u7ed3\u4e00\u573a\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u8f6c\u578b\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u539f\u56e0\u548c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6559\u8bad\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4ece\u5ba2\u89c2\u65b9\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8bf4\u4e2d\u56fd80\u5e74\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7531\u7684\u515a\u5185\u5404\u6d3e\u529b\u91cf\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7b49\u5ba2\u89c2\u539f\u56e0\u6240\u81f4\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u573a\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u4e5f\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u6307\u5bfc\u8005\u4e3b\u89c2\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u4e8b\u60c5\u6700\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u5c40\uff0c\u4f46\u8d77\u7801\u5bf9\u6539\u9769\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u4e8b\u6001\u53d1\u5c55\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4e00\u662f\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u5bf9\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u8fc7\u4e8e\u4fe1\u8d56\uff0c\u5bf9\u9093\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u8f6c\u53d8\u4f30\u8ba1\u4e0d\u8db3\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8001\u8fa3\u3001\u575a\u5b9a\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u624b\u6bb5\u5f3a\u786c\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\uff0c\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u4ed6\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5e95\u7ebf\uff0c\u5728\u7528\u4eba\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u540c\u6837\u6781\u5c11\u53d7\u4e2a\u4eba\u611f\u60c5\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u4ee5\u653f\u6cbb\u5229\u76ca\u4e3a\u5148\u3002\u80e1\u8000\u90a6\u66fe\u7ecf\u5bf9\u4ed6\uff0c\u5bf9\u8001\u4eba\u96c6\u56e2\u91cd\u8fd4\u653f\u6cbb\u821e\u53f0\u6709\u6069\uff0c\u4f461987\u5e74\u521d\u4ed6\u5bf9\u80e1\u8000\u90a6\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u987e\u5fcc\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff1b\u6768\u5c1a\u6606\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u5fe0\u5b9e\u6267\u884c\u8005\u548c\u5728\u519b\u961f\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u540e\u676590\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ed6\u5bf9\u6768\u5c1a\u6606\u3001\u6768\u767d\u51b0[21]\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5904\u7406\u540c\u6837\u51fa\u624b\u679c\u65ad\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u4ece\u4e0d\u63ba\u6742\u611f\u60c5\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4f5c\u4e3a\u515a\u7684\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u4e3b\u6301\u4eba\uff0c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u5bf9\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u683c\uff0c\u4f3c\u6709\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002\u4e0a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u523080\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u662f\u4f9d\u9760\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u548c\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4ece\u56db\u5ddd\u5230\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u4ece\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769\u5230\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u4e00\u8def\u8d70\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002\u957f\u671f\u7684\u6539\u9769\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5bf9\u9093\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u8fc7\u4efd\u7684\u4fe1\u8d56\u3002\u4ed6\u81ea\u4fe1\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4e86\u89e3\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7684\uff0c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4e5f\u662f\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4ed6\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u9093\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u652f\u6301\u662f\u6709\u5e95\u7ebf\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u81ea\u4fe1\u81ea\u5df1\u80fd\u628a\u63e1\u597d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e95\u7ebf\u3002\u4f46\u4ece\u5f53\u65f6\u548c\u540e\u6765\u62ab\u9732\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u770b\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u662f\u8fc7\u9ad8\u5730\u4f30\u8ba1\u4e86\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c\u8fc7\u9ad8\u5730\u4f30\u8ba1\u4e86\u4ed6\u4e3b\u6301\u4e0b\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u5c40\u52bf\u7684\u638c\u63a7\u529b\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f80\u9093\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u80fd\u575a\u5b9a\u5730\u6267\u884c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769\u4e3b\u5f20\u3002\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u4e2d\u4ed6\u4f1a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u5f97\u5230\u9093\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u8981\u770b\u4ed6\u4e3b\u6301\u7684\u6539\u9769\u5b9e\u8df5\u4f1a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u89e6\u53ca\u9093\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5e95\u7ebf\u3002\u5f531989\u5e745\u6708\u5c40\u52bf\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u89e6\u53ca\u5230\u4e86\u9093\u7684\u5e95\u7ebf\uff0c\u9093\u5c31\u679c\u65ad\u51fa\u624b\uff0c\u5728\u9547\u538b\u4e86\u90a3\u573a\u5b66\u6f6e\uff0c\u4e2d\u6b62\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u4e5f\u56e0\u62b5\u5236\u6212\u4e25\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u6b66\u529b\u9547\u538b\uff0c\u800c\u88ab\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u5e9f\u9edc\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5373\u4f7f\u5230\u4e86\u6700\u540e\u7684\u5173\u5934\uff0c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u4ecd\u7136\u5e0c\u671b\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u52a8\u7528\u519b\u961f\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u3002\u57281989\u5e745\u670818\u65e5\uff0c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u4f5c\u51fa\u6212\u4e25\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\uff0c\u4ed6\u81f4\u4fe1\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u9648\u8ff0\u81ea\u5df1\u4fee\u65394·26\u793e\u8bba\u7684\u7684\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u9093\u4e88\u4ee5\u8003\u8651[22]\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u8bf4\u660e\u8d75\u4ecd\u7136\u60f3\u4e3a\u5b66\u6f6e\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u89e3\u51b3\u4f5c\u6700\u540e\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u4ece\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bf4\u660e\u8d75\u6b64\u65f6\u4ecd\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u6700\u540e\u770b\u900f\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u88ab\u8f6f\u7981\u51e0\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\u76841996\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u4e0e\u6768\u7ee7\u7ef3\u8c08\u8bdd\u65f6\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u8ba4\u4e3a“‘\u516d\u56db’\u524d\u9093\u5bf9\u6211\u662f\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684”\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a“\u5c0f\u5e73\u548c\u6211\u5206\u624b\u6ca1\u6709\u8000\u90a6\u90a3\u4e48\u957f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u53ea\u662f‘\u516d\u56db’”\uff0c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u8bf4\u4ed6\u662f“\u81ea\u5df1\u66b4\u9732\u7684”[23]\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u300a\u6539\u9769\u5386\u7a0b\u300b\u8c08\u5230\u4ed6\u4e0e\u6208\u5c14\u5df4\u4e54\u592b\u8c08\u8bdd\u65f6\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9093\u662f“\u8bef\u4f1a”[24]\u4e86\u4ed6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u5bf9\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u4e3b\u8981\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4e0e\u6208\u5c14\u5df4\u4e54\u592b\u8c08\u7684\u90a3\u756a\u8bdd\u3002\u9093\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u57281988\u5e74\u4e0b\u534a\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u300a\u674e\u9e4f\u516d\u56db\u65e5\u8bb0\u300b\u4e2d\u900f\u9732\u4e86\u674e\u4e0e\u4e01\u5173\u6839\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u8c08\u8bdd\uff0c\u8c08\u5230\u4e86\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u5bf9\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u6001\u5ea6\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bb0\u8f7d\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u3002\u674e\u9e4f\u57281989\u5e745\u670828\u65e5\u65e5\u8bb0\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a“\u665a\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u548c\u4e01\u5173\u6839\u540c\u5fd7\u8c08\u8bdd\u3002\u4ed6\u5bf9\u5c0f\u5e73\u540c\u5fd7\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u4e01\u5173\u6839\u5bf9\u6211\u8bf4\uff0c\u53bb\u5e74\u5728\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u4f1a\u5802\u4e3e\u884c\u5168\u56fd\u5de5\u4f1a\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u65f6\uff0c\u674e\u5148\u5ff5\u540c\u5fd7\u627e\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u540c\u5fd7\uff0c\u8c08\u4e86\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5c0f\u5e73\u540c\u5fd7\u5f53\u65f6\u5df2\u770b\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u8d75\u662f\u641e\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u8fdf\u65e9\u975e\u4e0b\u53f0\u4e0d\u53ef\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5f71\u54cd\u592a\u5927\uff0c\u4e00\u65f6\u53c8\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u5408\u9002\u4eba\u9009\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e0d\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51b3\u5fc3\u3002\u4eca\u5e74\u4e00\u6708\u4efd\uff0c\u5c0f\u5e73\u540c\u5fd7\u540c\u4f60\u8c08\u8bdd\uff0c\u8bb2\u4e86‘\u683c\u5c40\u4e0d\u53d8’\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8fd8\u4e0d\u8981\u52a8\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002\u8000\u90a6\u901d\u4e16\uff0c\u5b66\u6f6e\u8d77\u6765\uff0c4\u670825\u65e5\u5c0f\u5e73\u540c\u5fd7\u4e0e\u4f60\u4eec\u8c08\u8bdd\uff0c\u4e3a\u52a8\u4e71\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u6001\u5ea6\u660e\u6717\u3002\u4f46\u6709\u4eba\u9887\u6709\u6028\u8a00\uff0c\u9093\u4e3a\u6b64\u53d1\u4e86\u813e\u6c14\uff0c\u8bf4\u5173\u952e\u65f6\u523b\u6211\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u51fa\u6765\u8bb2\u8bdd\u30025\u670817\u65e5\u4e0a\u5348\uff0c\u5148\u5ff5\u540c\u5fd7\u53bb\u5c0f\u5e73\u540c\u5fd7\u5904\uff0c\u4e0e\u9093\u8c08\u8bdd\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5df2\u6709\u8ba9\u8d75\u4e0b\u53f0\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0b\u6700\u540e\u7684\u51b3\u5fc3\u3002\u4e0b\u5348\u5f00\u4f1a\u65f6\uff0c\u542c\u4e86\u4f60\u4eec\u7684\u53d1\u8a00\uff0c\u770b\u4f60\u4eec\u6001\u5ea6\u575a\u5b9a\u660e\u6717\uff0c\u5c0f\u5e73\u540c\u5fd7\u624d\u4f5c\u4e86\u6212\u4e25\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u6279\u8bc4\u4e86\u8d75\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u8bf4\u683c\u5c40\u8981\u53d8\uff0c\u8981\u8d75\u4e0b\u53f0\u3002\u52305\u670819\u65e5\uff0c\u56e0\u8d75\u4e3b\u52a8\u8f9e\u804c\uff0c\u8981\u6482\u6311\u5b50\uff0c\u5c0f\u5e73\u540c\u5fd7\u548c\u9648\u4e91\u3001\u674e\u5148\u5ff5\u3001\u5f6d\u771f\u7b49\u51e0\u4f4d\u8001\u540c\u5fd7\u4e00\u8d77\u5546\u91cf\uff0c\u624d\u4e0b\u4e86\u6700\u540e\u51b3\u5fc3\uff0c\u8ba9\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u4e0b\u53f0\uff0c\u5e76\u5efa\u8bae\u7531\u6c5f\u6cfd\u6c11\u540c\u5fd7\u4efb\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\u3002”[25]\u8fd9\u6bb5\u8bb0\u8f7d\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u5bf9\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u53d8\u5316\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u65e9\u57281988\u5e74\u4e0b\u534a\u5e74\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fe1\u4efb\u5c31\u5df2\u52a8\u6447\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31“\u5df2\u770b\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u8d75\u662f\u641e\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u8fdf\u65e9\u975e\u4e0b\u53f0\u4e0d\u53ef”\u3002\u540e\u6765\u9093\u51e0\u6b21\u8bf4“\u5927\u683c\u5c40\u4e0d\u53d8”\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u8d75\u8bf4\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u4ed6“\u641e\u4e24\u5c4a\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0”\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981“\u628a\u519b\u59d4\u4e3b\u5e2d\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4ed6”\uff0c\u90fd\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u5408\u9002\u7684\u4eba\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e0d\u4e86\u6700\u540e\u51b3\u5fc3\u7684\u7f13\u5175\u4e4b\u8ba1\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u540e\u6765\u8000\u90a6\u901d\u4e16\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u8981\u6c42\u4e3a\u8000\u90a6\u6b63\u540d\uff0c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u8ba4\u4e3a“\u6ca1\u6709\u7406\u7531\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u5b66\u751f\u60bc\u5ff5”\uff0c\u8fd9\u8ba9\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73“\u66f4\u52a0\u770b\u6e05\u4e86\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba”\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u5bf9\u5b66\u6f6e\u7684\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4fee\u65394·26\u793e\u8bba\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u6212\u4e25\uff0c\u5c31\u4fc3\u4f7f\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u4e0b\u4e86\u6700\u540e\u51b3\u5fc3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4e8c\u662f\u6539\u9769\u529b\u91cf\u5bf9\u56f4\u7ed5\u6539\u9769\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u515a\u5185\u5916\u6597\u4e89\u590d\u6742\u6027\u548c\u6b8b\u9177\u6027\u4ecd\u663e\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e0d\u591f\uff0c\u51c6\u5907\u4e0d\u8db3\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u8fd9\u573a\u6539\u9769\u662f\u5bf9\u539f\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u573a\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u5e26\u6709\u6839\u672c\u6027\u7684\u53d8\u9769\uff0c\u6539\u9769\u5728\u5176\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9047\u5230\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u6781\u5176\u590d\u6742\u3002\u8fd9\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u515a\u5185\u5404\u79cd\u529b\u91cf\u5bf9\u6539\u9769\u7684\u627f\u53d7\u80fd\u529b\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u5bf9\u6539\u9769\u7684\u8feb\u5207\u8981\u6c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u3001\u515a\u5185\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u5143\u8001\u96c6\u56e2\u53ca\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u4e0e\u6539\u9769\u529b\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u3001\u515a\u5185\u6539\u9769\u529b\u91cf\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u6539\u9769\u529b\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u3001\u515a\u5185\u9ad8\u5c42\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u3001\u515a\u5185\u5404\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u95e8\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u793e\u4f1a\u5404\u79cd\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u56e2\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u65e0\u4e0d\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u5206\u6b67\u548c\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u8c03\u548c\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77db\u76fe\u4ea4\u7ec7\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u76f8\u4e92\u5236\u7ea6\uff0c\u76d8\u6839\u9519\u8282\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u6539\u9769\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002\u572820\u591a\u5e74\u540e\u7684\u4eca\u5929\u56de\u5934\u770b\uff0c\u7eb5\u7136\u4e3b\u6301\u6539\u9769\u7684\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u6709\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u4ed6\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u5c06\u8bb8\u591a\u77db\u76fe\u51b2\u7a81\u7f13\u548c\u4e43\u81f4\u5316\u4e3a\u65e0\u5f62\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u4ecd\u7136\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u548c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4f30\u8ba1\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e9b\u5076\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u73b0\u5728\u770b\u6765\u662f\u8f83\u4e3a\u660e\u663e\u7684\u5e94\u5bf9\u5931\u8bef\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u8d75\u662f\u5728\u6297\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u65f6\u671f\u5165\u515a\u7684\u8001\u5e72\u90e8\uff0c\u7ecf\u5386\u8fc7\u6218\u4e89\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5386\u8fc7\u5efa\u56fd\u5386\u6b21\u653f\u6cbb\u6597\u4e89\u548c\u6587\u9769\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u515a\u5185\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u548c\u6b8b\u9177\u6027\u90fd\u4f1a\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u62c5\u4efb\u4ee3\u7406\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\u548c\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u4e24\u5e74\u591a\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4e00\u76f4\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4ed6\u80fd\u591f\u5bf9\u6539\u9769\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9047\u5230\u7684\u969c\u788d\u8f83\u4e3a\u8f7b\u677e\u7684\u5316\u89e3\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5728\u5e94\u5bf9\u515a\u5185\u4fdd\u5b88\u52bf\u529b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5bf9\u624b\u65f6\u6709\u4e9b\u8fc7\u4e8e\u81ea\u4fe1\u548c\u8f7b\u654c\uff0c\u5728\u4e2a\u522b\u65f6\u5019\u5bf9\u5f62\u52bf\u4ea7\u751f\u8bef\u5224\u3002\u8fd9\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u660e\u663e\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5c31\u662f1989\u5e744\u6708\u80e1\u8000\u90a6\u8ffd\u60bc\u4f1a\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u5efa\u8bae\u4ed6\u4e0d\u8981\u53bb\u671d\u9c9c\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u575a\u6301\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8ffd\u60bc\u4f1a\u540e\u5b66\u6f6e\u5e94\u8be5\u4f1a\u6162\u6162\u5e73\u606f\uff0c\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u5904\u7406\u5f62\u52bf\u7684\u4e09\u70b9\u610f\u89c1\u540e\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u575a\u6301\u8d74\u671d[26]\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u8ba9\u674e\u9e4f\u7b49\u4eba\u6293\u4f4f\u65f6\u673a\uff0c\u5411\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u6c47\u62a5\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f44·26\u793e\u8bba\u7684\u53d1\u8868\uff0c\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5e73\u606f\u5b66\u6f6e\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u673a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2d\u5171\u5341\u4e09\u5927\u540e\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u52bf\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u548c\u4e25\u91cd\u6027\uff0c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u3001\u9c8d\u5f64\u53ca\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u6539\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u4eec\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u5b58\u5728\u4f30\u8ba1\u548c\u51c6\u5907\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5341\u4e09\u5927\u7684\u53ec\u5f00\uff0c\u548c\u5404\u9879\u6539\u9769\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u6c11\u5fc3\u8fd8\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u987a\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u968f\u7740\u5f62\u52bf\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4ef7\u683c\u6539\u9769\u9047\u963b\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u4e5f\u56f0\u96be\u91cd\u91cd\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u867d\u7136\u4fdd\u6301\u4e86\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u7269\u4ef7\u4e0a\u6da8\u5e45\u5ea6\u4ecd\u7136\u8f83\u9ad8\uff1b\u4ef7\u683c\u53cc\u8f68\u5236\u7684\u6f0f\u6d1e\u3001\u5bf9\u516c\u6743\u529b\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5236\u5ea6\u7ea6\u675f\u548c\u8206\u8bba\u76d1\u7763\u6240\u5b73\u751f\u7684\u8150\u8d25\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u6c11\u4f17\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\u60c5\u7eea\uff1b\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u8fdb\u884c\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8f83\u4e3a\u5bbd\u677e\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u8ba9\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5bf9\u6c11\u4e3b\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6025\u8fdb\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u5404\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u77db\u76fe\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u9010\u6e10\u5c16\u9510\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\u5728\u589e\u52a0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u3001\u9c8d\u5f64\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u90e8\u4e0b\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u4e86\uff0c\u5e76\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u7a81\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e5f\u9884\u89c1\u5230\u4e86\u53d1\u751f\u793e\u4f1a\u52a8\u8361\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027[27]\u3002\u4f46\u73b0\u5728\u56de\u5934\u770b\uff0c\u5f53\u5e74\u5bf9\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u91cd\u89c6\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u628a\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u9879\u91cd\u4e2d\u4e4b\u91cd\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\u6293\u7d27\u6293\u597d\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u5bf9\u7b56\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5f00\u5c55\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u515a\u5185\u77db\u76fe\u6fc0\u5316\u505a\u51fa\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u5b83\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u52a8\u8361\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0e\u540e\u679c\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u505a\u51fa\u771f\u6b63\u80fd\u5bf9\u89e3\u51b3\u793e\u4f1a\u52a8\u8361\u3001\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u907f\u514d\u515a\u5185\u77db\u76fe\u6fc0\u5316\u63d0\u4f9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u5e94\u5bf9\u9884\u6848\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

1988\u5e74\u5e95\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u515a\u5185\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u5143\u8001\u52bf\u529b\u522e\u8d77“\u5012\u8d75\u98ce”\uff0c\u674e\u9e4f\u4e00\u4f19\u4e5f\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u5185\u90e8\u53d1\u52a8\u5411\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u7684\u8fdb\u653b\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u540e\u6765\u56f4\u7ed5\u5904\u7406\u5b66\u6f6e\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\uff0c\u4f7f\u515a\u5185\u9ad8\u5c42\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6597\u4e89\u66f4\u52a0\u8868\u9762\u5316\u3001\u5c16\u9510\u5316\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u53d7\u5230\u7a7a\u524d\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u95ee\u9898\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u5173\u7cfb\u5230\u6539\u9769\u3001\u7279\u522b\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u80fd\u5426\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u53bb\u7684\u5173\u5065\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u5e74\u80fd\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5728\u5c0f\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7ec4\u7ec7\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u628a\u515a\u5185\u5916\u5c40\u52bf\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u644a\u5f00\u6765\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u9488\u950b\u76f8\u5bf9\u5730\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u5904\u7406\u9884\u6848\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8b\u6001\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4f1a\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5f62\u52bf\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7684\uff0c\u9884\u6848\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u505a\u5f97\u90a3\u4e48\u5177\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u4e8b\u60c5\u6700\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u5c40\uff0c\u4f46\u8d77\u7801\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u5148\u662f\u88ab\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u6025\u8fdb\u6c11\u4e3b\u6d3e\u3001\u540e\u6765\u662f\u88ab\u674e\u9e4f\u4e00\u4f19\u4e00\u8def\u7275\u7740\u9f3b\u5b50\u8d70\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u540e\u8bdd\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u515a\u5185\u9ad8\u5c42\u9519\u7efc\u590d\u6742\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u52bf\uff0c\u548c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u3001\u9c8d\u5f64\u4eec\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u653e\u624b\u628a\u515a\u5185\u9ad8\u5c42\u6597\u4e89\u6446\u5230\u684c\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u653f\u6539\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u592e\u6b63\u5f0f\u673a\u6784\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u7684“\u5c0f\u8230\u961f”\u8bf4\u6cd5[28]\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u8ba9\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u3001\u9c8d\u5f64\u4eec\u8b66\u60d5\u3001\u907f\u5acc\u3002\u4e4b\u524d\u7684“\u52a8\u4e71\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76”\u6ca1\u6709\u5c55\u5f00\u548c\u6293\u7d27\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0e\u515a\u5185\u6597\u4e89\u76f8\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u4e5f\u4e0e\u6b64\u6709\u5173\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u56de\u5934\u770b\uff0c\u5728\u5b66\u6f6e\u7206\u53d1\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u515a\u5185\u9ad8\u5c42\u5185\u90e8\u4fdd\u5b88\u52bf\u529b\u540c\u6539\u9769\u529b\u91cf\u56f4\u7ed5\u5904\u7406\u5b66\u6f6e\u95ee\u9898\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u5df2\u7ecf\u5230\u4e86“\u4f60\u6b7b\u6211\u6d3b”\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u674e\u9e4f\u4e00\u4f19\u5df2\u7ecf\u6253\u5b9a\u4e3b\u610f\u8981\u641e\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u4e0b\u53f0\uff0c\u8d75\u4e0d\u4e0b\u53f0\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u5f97\u4e0b\u53f0\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u987e\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u6234\u7740“\u9634\u8c0b\u8bba”\u7684\u6709\u8272\u773c\u955c\uff0c\u5728\u80e1\u8000\u90a6\u8ffd\u60bc\u4f1a\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\u5c31\u7f6e\u7591\u662f“\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u53d1\u52a8\u7684\u5b66\u6f6e”\uff0c“\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u6253\u9093\u5012\u674e\u4fdd\u8d75”[29]\uff1b\u540e\u6765\u53c8\u5728\u6beb\u65e0\u6839\u636e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u628a“\u641e\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u7684\u603b\u6307\u6325\u90e8”\u3001“\u574f\u4eba”\u3001“\u52a8\u4e71\u9ed1\u624b”\u3001“\u9634\u8c0b\u7b56\u5212”\u7684\u5e3d\u5b50\u6234\u5230\u4e86\u9c8d\u5f64\u53ca\u5176\u90e8\u4e0b\u5934\u4e0a\u3002\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u3001\u9c8d\u5f64\u4eec\u8c28\u614e\u4e5f\u597d\uff0c\u907f\u5acc\u4e5f\u7f62\uff0c\u90fd\u6539\u53d8\u4e0d\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u51b3\u5fc3\u548c\u8fd9\u573a\u653f\u6cbb\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e94\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u3001\u53ef\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u624b\u4e00\u640f\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4e09\u662f\u6539\u9769\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u8005\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u5e94\u5bf9\u5931\u8bef\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5373\u4f7f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u6210\u719f\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\uff0c\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u5173\u952e\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u7eb7\u4e71\u590d\u6742\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5f62\u52bf\uff0c\u4e5f\u672a\u5fc5\u5c31\u4f1a\u5e94\u5bf9\u7684\u6ef4\u6c34\u4e0d\u6f0f\u3002\u56de\u987e\u4ece\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u59cb\u5b9e\u65bd\uff0c\u76f4\u52301989\u5e74\u516d\u56db\u524d\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u5728\u5927\u7684\u65b9\u9762\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e0a\u5904\u7406\u6e38\u5203\u6709\u4f59\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u5904\u7406\u4e5f\u6709\u5931\u8bef\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u6307\u5bfc\u548c\u63a8\u884c\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6309\u7167\u5341\u4e09\u5927\u62a5\u544a\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u539f\u5219\u575a\u6301\u5230\u5e95\uff0c\u63a8\u8fdb\u7684\u529b\u5ea6\u4e5f\u5acc\u4e0d\u591f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u662f\u4e2d\u5171\u515a\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u4e2d\u5171\u515a\u5185\u5177\u6709\u6700\u9ad8\u7ea6\u675f\u529b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5728\u5176\u5b9e\u65bd\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5341\u4e09\u5927\u62a5\u544a\u5e94\u8be5\u6210\u4e3a\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u3001\u9c8d\u5f64\u4eec\u624b\u4e2d\u63a8\u8fdb\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u6700\u6709\u529b\u6b66\u5668\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u53d8\u8f6f\u7ea6\u675f\u4e3a\u786c\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u52a0\u5927\u529b\u5ea6\uff0c\u5f3a\u529b\u63a8\u884c\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u5bc4\u5e0c\u671b\u4e8e\u5404\u90e8\u95e8\u3001\u5404\u7701\u5e02\u81ea\u89c9\u8d2f\u5f7b\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u91cd\u91cd\u963b\u529b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u505a\u4e86\u8ba9\u6b65\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u9876\u4f4f\u6765\u81ea\u4fdd\u5b88\u52bf\u529b\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u5728\u5efa\u7acb\u56fd\u5bb6\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u5236\u5ea6\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e86\u4e2d\u7ec4\u90e8\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u5206\u4e3a\u653f\u52a1\u3001\u4e1a\u52a1\u4e24\u7c7b\u7684\u5212\u5206\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u6765\u662f\u5341\u4e09\u5927\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u5168\u56fd\u515a\u4ee3\u4f1a\u5df2\u7ecf\u901a\u8fc7\u4e3a\u7531\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9876\u4f4f\u7684\uff1b\u53c8\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u6cd5\u59d4\u64a4\u9500\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u6bd4\u7167\u4e2d\u592e\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5730\u65b9\u5404\u7ea7\u5168\u90e8\u64a4\u9500\u653f\u6cd5\u59d4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5bf91989\u5e74\u5b66\u6f6e\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5904\u7406\u4e0a\u4e5f\u6709\u5931\u5f53\u4e4b\u5904\u3002\u8fd9\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u8fc7\u7684\u5e94\u8be5\u4e2d\u6b62\u8bbf\u671d\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4ece\u671d\u9c9c\u56de\u6765\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u7acb\u5373\u8ffd\u7a76\u674e\u9e4f\u7b49\u4eba\u5bf94·27\u5927\u6e38\u884c\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u5f53\u4e4b\u8d23\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u88ab\u674e\u7275\u7740\u9f3b\u5b50\uff0c\u843d\u5165\u8ffd\u67e5\u5176\u5b50“\u5012\u5f69\u7535”\u7684\u9677\u9631\uff0c\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5904\u7406\u5927\u5c40\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u6743\uff1b\u5728\u4e0e\u540c\u6208\u5c14\u5df4\u4e54\u592b\u8c08\u8bdd\u65f6\uff0c\u672c\u60f3\u4e3a\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u505a\u4e00\u4ef6\u597d\u4e8b\uff0c\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u6599\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8c08\u8bdd\u516c\u5f00\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u5904\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u5931\u5f53\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4e0d\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u4e8b\u60c5\u6700\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u5c40\uff0c\u4f46\u8d77\u7801\u5bf9\u6539\u9769\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u4e8b\u6001\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e0d\u5229\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u56db\u662f\u5728\u8206\u8bba\u5ba3\u4f20\u6307\u5bfc\u65b9\u9762\u53d1\u751f\u5931\u8bef\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u952e\u65f6\u523b\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u826f\u540e\u679c\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4e2d\u5171\u5341\u4e09\u5927\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86“\u63d0\u9ad8\u9886\u5bfc\u673a\u5173\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u91cd\u5927\u60c5\u51b5\u8ba9\u4eba\u6c11\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u91cd\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u7ecf\u4eba\u6c11\u8ba8\u8bba”\u7684\u539f\u5219\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u539f\u5219\u4ece\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u8bf4\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6539\u9769\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\u3001\u516c\u5f00\u6027\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u628a\u53cc\u5203\u5251\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u76f8\u53cd\u7684“\u7ed9\u6539\u9769\u6dfb\u4e71”\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u56de\u8fc7\u5934\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5728\u6539\u9769\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u516c\u5f00\u5316\u4e5f\u8981\u6709\u6240\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6709\u6240\u4e3a\u6709\u800c\u6240\u4e0d\u4e3a\u3002\u4f46\u9057\u61be\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6761\u4ef6\u3001\u73af\u5883\u3001\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u6539\u9769\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u52a9\u624b\u9c8d\u5f64\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u6539\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u7684“\u9ad8\u53c2”\u4eec\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u90fd\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd“\u53cc\u5203\u5251”\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u952e\u65f6\u523b\u4e0a\u7684\u8206\u8bba\u5f15\u5bfc\u5931\u8bef\u30021988\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86“\u7269\u4ef7\u95ef\u5173”\u7684\u51b3\u8bae\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u8003\u8651\u5230\u8206\u8bba\u5ba3\u4f20\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u4f1a\u8bae\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u7684\u62a2\u8d2d\u98ce\u6f6e\uff0c“\u95ef\u5173”\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u4e2d\u6b62\uff0c\u4e3a\u515a\u5185\u4fdd\u5b88\u52bf\u529b\u522e\u8d77“\u5012\u8d75\u98ce”\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53e3\u5b9e\uff1b1989\u5e745\u670816\u65e5\uff0c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u4e0e\u540c\u6208\u5c14\u5df4\u4e54\u592b\u7684\u8c08\u8bdd\u5f15\u53d1\u4e25\u91cd\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u662f\u51fa\u5728\u7531\u4e2d\u592e\u7535\u89c6\u53f0\u5168\u6587\u64ad\u51fa\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f53\u65f6\u6070\u6070\u53c8\u662f\u5b66\u6f6e\u7684\u5173\u952e\u65f6\u523b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bb2\u8bdd\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5728\u4f1a\u89c1\u65f6\u8bb2\u4e00\u8bb2\uff0c\u6216\u5728\u62a5\u7eb8\u65b0\u95fb\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u51e0\u53e5\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u81f3\u4e8e\u5f15\u8d77\u90a3\u4e48\u5927\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u53cd\u54cd\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u627e\u5230\u501f\u53e3\uff0c\u8bf4\u8fd9\u662f\u8d75\u628a\u4ed6\u629b\u4e86\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u5f88\u5feb\u4e0b\u51b3\u5fc3\u62ff\u4e0b\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4e94\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u53ca\u65f6\u5411\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u5e95\uff0c\u5f15\u5bfc\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u6539\u9769\u529b\u91cf\u4e0e\u515a\u5185\u6539\u9769\u6d3e\u5f62\u6210\u6709\u6548\u4e92\u52a8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u573a\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u4e0b\u5c42\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd80\u5e74\u4ee3\u8fd9\u573a\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u662f\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u7fa4\u4f17\u57fa\u7840\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u515a\u5185\u5916\u5e7f\u5927\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u548c\u9752\u5e74\u5b66\u751f\u30021987\u5e74\u4e2d\u5171\u5341\u4e09\u5927\u63d0\u51fa\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u515a\u5185\u5916\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u548c\u9752\u5e74\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u70ed\u70c8\u652f\u6301\u548c\u62e5\u62a4\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u548c\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6539\u9769\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u652f\u6301\u3001\u63a8\u52a8\u8fd9\u573a\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5728\u6539\u9769\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u8005\u90a3\u91cc\u5374\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u9c8d\u5f64\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u90e8\u4e0b\u4eec\u62c5\u5fc3\u8fc7\u591a\u5730\u5ba3\u4f20\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u4f1a“\u540a\u9ad8\u6c11\u4e3b\u6d3e\u7684\u80c3\u53e3”\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u793e\u4f1a\u52a8\u8361\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u529b\u91cf\u4e0d\u63a5\u89e6\u7684\u5c01\u95ed\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u770b\u5230\u5c01\u95ed\u653f\u7b56\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3“\u540a\u9ad8\u80c3\u53e3”\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u4f7f\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u6539\u9769\u529b\u91cf\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f88\u597d\u7406\u89e3\u515a\u5185\u6539\u9769\u6d3e\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4e0e\u5404\u9879\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u53ca\u6539\u9769\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u8270\u96be\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u515a\u5185\u6539\u9769\u6d3e\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u6539\u9769\u529b\u91cf\u7684“\u4e24\u5f20\u76ae”\uff0c\u4e92\u4e0d\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5f62\u4e0d\u6210\u6709\u6548\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u4ea4\u5e95\u7684\u5c01\u95ed\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u6539\u9769\u529b\u91cf\u51e0\u4e4e\u5f88\u5c11\u80fd\u4e86\u89e3\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u515a\u5185\u6539\u9769\u529b\u91cf\u5728\u63a8\u52a8\u6539\u9769\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9047\u5230\u7684\u969c\u788d\u548c\u8270\u96be\uff0c\u5728\u6025\u4e8e\u6c42\u6210\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\uff0c\u53d1\u52a8\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u529b\u56fe\u4ee5\u8857\u5934\u6297\u4e89\u5e7f\u573a\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u63a8\u52a8\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u6599\u5230\uff0c\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u4e0d\u59a5\u534f\u7684\u5e7f\u573a\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u53cd\u5230\u628a\u515a\u5185\u6539\u9769\u6d3e\u903c\u5230\u4e86\u5899\u89d2\uff0c\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u516d\u56db\u9547\u538b\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u88ab\u4e2d\u6b62\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6210\u56e0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u73b0\u5728\u56de\u5934\u770b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ece1989\u5e74\u521d\u51fa\u73b0\u5404\u79cd\u4e0a\u4e66\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u53ca\u65f6\u4e3b\u52a8\u91c7\u53d6\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982\u5229\u7528“\u4e09\u6240\u4e00\u4f1a”\u8fd9\u7c7b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u534a\u5b98\u65b9\u7684\u6539\u9769\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u52a8\u5458\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e9b\u652f\u6301\u6539\u9769\u7684\u77e5\u540d\u4eba\u58eb\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5411\u793e\u4f1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u754c\u4ea4\u5e95\uff0c\u5e76\u6653\u4ee5\u6539\u9769\u5927\u5c40\u7684\u5229\u5bb3\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u4f1a\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5316\u89e3\u77e5\u8bc6\u754c\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u5ef6\u7f13\u751a\u81f3\u5316\u89e3\u5b66\u6f6e\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u5728\u540e\u6765\u6212\u4e25\u524d\u540e\uff0c\u636e\u8bf4\u6709\u4eba\u5f00\u59cb\u505a\u671d\u91ce\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fdf\u4e86\uff0c\u5e7f\u573a\u4e0a\u6fc0\u6124\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u5df2\u7ecf\u5904\u4e8e\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a7\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u90fd\u662f\u9a6c\u540e\u70ae\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u8c08\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6559\u8bad\u603b\u7ed3\uff0c\u4ee5\u5229\u5c06\u6765\u800c\u5df2\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u548c\u4ed6\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u90e8\u4e0b\u4eec\u5728\u63a8\u8fdb\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u548c\u540e\u6765\u5904\u74061989\u5e74\u5b66\u6f6e\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5931\u8bef\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u6b63\u5e38\u3002\u4ed6\u6bd5\u7adf\u662f\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u795e\u3002\u5206\u6790\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5931\u8bef\u591a\u4e0e\u4ed6\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u548c\u6027\u683c\u7279\u70b9\u6709\u5173\u3002\u7d2b\u9633\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u8c28\u5b88\u653f\u6cbb\u9053\u5fb7\u5e95\u7ebf\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5728\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6daf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u515a\u5185\u6743\u529b\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u5c16\u9510\u3001\u590d\u6742\u4e0e\u4e0d\u62e9\u624b\u6bb5\u6709\u6df1\u523b\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5728\u8fdb\u5165\u6743\u529b\u6838\u5fc3\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5374\u4ece\u4e0d\u7528“\u9634\u8c0b\u8bba”\u6765\u770b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u7528\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u8c0b\u53bb\u89e3\u51b3\u9ad8\u5c42\u4e2d\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u4ece\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\u548c\u5df2\u7ecf\u95ee\u4e16\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\u4e2d[30]\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u4ed6\u5904\u7406\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8b\u4e0d\u5bf9\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5bf9\u624b\u4e5f\u603b\u662f\u5bbd\u5bb9\u3001\u5927\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u5c06\u4e00\u4e9b\u6df1\u5c42\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6446\u5230\u684c\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f7f\u77db\u76fe\u516c\u5f00\u5316\u3001\u5c16\u9510\u5316\u3002\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u590d\u6742\u7684\u9ad8\u5c42\u4eba\u4e8b\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u5c16\u9510\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6597\u4e89\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f80\u5f80\u56e0\u8003\u8651\u5230“\u907f\u5acc”\u3001“\u5f71\u54cd”\u800c\u653e\u5f03\u4e3b\u52a8\u8fdb\u653b\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u56de\u907f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c16\u9510\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u4e0e\u5206\u6b67\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5bf9\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u3001\u9648\u4e91\u8fd9\u4e24\u4f4d“\u8001\u4eba\u5bb6”\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ece\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u4f24\u5bb3\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f80\u5f80\u91c7\u53d6\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u4e89\u53d6\u6c42\u5f97\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u5728\u4e0e\u9093\u3001\u9648\u6709\u5206\u6b67\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bc1\u660e\u8d75\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u6b63\u786e\u65f6\uff0c\u8d75\u4e5f\u4ece\u4e0d\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u53bb\u52a0\u5f3a\u548c\u5de9\u56fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u4ece\u56db\u5ddd\u5230\u4e2d\u592e\uff0c\u4ece\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769\u5230\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u9093\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u62c5\u4efb\u4e2d\u592e\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u60f3\u4e3b\u52a8\u6293\u6743\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u81ea\u5df1\u6539\u9769\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u73ed\u5e95\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5de9\u56fa\u81ea\u5df1\u653f\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u81ea\u89c9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u515a\u5185\u4fdd\u5b88\u52bf\u529b\u8fc7\u4e8e\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u62c5\u5fc3\u548c\u987e\u8651\u4e0d\u65e0\u9053\u7406\u30021980\u5e74\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u51fa\u5728\u515a\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e0a\uff0c\u6539\u9769\u529b\u91cf\u4e0d\u591f\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u8fd9\u79cd\u6027\u683c\u5f31\u70b9\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4e3b\u6301\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5bf9\u540e\u6765\u5b66\u6f6e\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u8bf4\u4e0d\u65e0\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u9c8d\u5f64\u66fe\u7ecf\u5bf9\u7b14\u8005\u8bf4\uff1a“\u7d2b\u9633\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u653f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f53\u603b\u7406\u3001\u5f53\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\u662f\u6e38\u5203\u6709\u4f59\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u5728\u6027\u683c\u4e0a\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f31\u70b9\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4e3b\u52a8\u8fdb\u653b\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5728\u5c16\u9510\u590d\u6742\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6597\u4e89\u4e2d\u5927\u5200\u9614\u65a7\u3001\u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u76ee\u6807\u800c\u5927\u80c6\u4e89\u53d6\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u3002\u4ed6\u5f88\u5c11\u5229\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u5f62\u52bf\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u5229\u65f6\uff0c\u53bb\u52a0\u5f3a\u5de9\u56fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u80fd\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u660e\u660e\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u7684\u5374\u662f‘\u8981\u907f\u5acc’\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6027\u683c\u4e0a\u7684\u5f31\u70b9\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4e3a‘\u5fe0\u539a’\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u8bf4\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u5173\u952e\u65f6\u523b\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u662f\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u3002”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u56db\u300180\u5e74\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684“\u65f6\u673a\u9009\u62e9”\u4e4b\u8fa9<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u5728\u603b\u7ed31980\u5e74\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6559\u8bad\u65f6\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fd9\u573a\u6539\u9769\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u542f\u52a8\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u65f6\u673a“\u5e76\u4e0d\u5408\u9002”[31]\u3002\u7b14\u8005\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b3c\u7edf\u5730\u8d5e\u540c\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u573a\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u4e8c\u91cd\u6027\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u65f6\u673a\u9009\u62e9\u8005\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e3b\u6301\u8005\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002\u5931\u8d25\u4e86\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u8981\u641e\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u800c\u5b83\u7684\u627c\u6740\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u573a\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u53d1\u52a8\u8005——\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u57281986\u5e74\u524d\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769\u548c\u5546\u54c1\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u8feb\u5207\u9700\u8981\u6539\u53d8\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u5411\u5730\u65b9\u548c\u4f01\u4e1a\u653e\u6743\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e5f\u8feb\u5207\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u8fdb\u884c\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u573a\u884c\u653f\u6539\u9769\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u63d0\u51fa\u548c\u63a8\u52a8\u8005\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u8bf4\uff1a“\u73b0\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u6bcf\u524d\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u90fd\u6df1\u6df1\u611f\u5230\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u3002\u4e0d\u6539\u9769\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u963b\u788d\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u963b\u788d\u56db\u5316\u7684\u6210\u529f\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e8b\u60c5\u8981\u7531\u4eba\u6765\u505a\uff0c\u4f60\u653e\u6743\uff0c\u4ed6\u6536\u6743\uff0c\u4f60\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u529e\u6cd5\uff1f\u6240\u4ee5\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u5e94\u8be5\u540c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u4e92\u76f8\u914d\u5408\uff0c\u53ea\u641e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u662f\u641e\u4e0d\u901a\u7684\u3002”[32]\u76f8\u4fe1\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u51e0\u65b9\u9762\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u8fd9\u573a\u6539\u9769\u662f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u529f\u7684\u3002\u4e5f\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fdb\u884c\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u65f6\u673a\u4e0d\u4f46\u662f\u6210\u719f\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5df2\u7ecf\u638c\u63a7\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u515a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u9009\u62e9\u6765\u5236\u5b9a\u548c\u6267\u884c\u4ed6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u63d0\u51fa\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u8def\u3002\u4ed6\u7684“\u4e24\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u70b9”\uff0c\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u653e\u5f00\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u6536\u7d27\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u4ece\u6765\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u53d8\u8fc7\u3002\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u52a0\u72ec\u88c1\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u6743\u529b\u8150\u8d25\u3001\u6743\u8d35\u96c6\u56e2\u5f62\u6210\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5206\u914d\u4e0d\u516c\u3002\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u6ca1\u6709\u3001\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53bb\u60f3\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u9009\u62e9\u6267\u884c\u4ed6\u6539\u9769\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u5374\u654f\u9510\u5730\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u9002\u5e94\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u540c\u6b65\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u4e0d\u5efa\u7acb\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u6743\u529b\u4e0d\u53d7\u76d1\u7763\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e2d\u56fd\u5c31\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u5927\u9762\u79ef\u8150\u8d25\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u6b64\u5931\u53bb\u6267\u653f\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u548c\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u5b9e\u884c\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u53cc\u8f68\u5236\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u53d8\u4e3a\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u867d\u7136\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u8df3\u51fa\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4f20\u7edf\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u5708\u5b50\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u5f97\u51fa“\u4e0d\u9650\u5236\u516c\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u8150\u8d25\u5c31\u662f\u5fc5\u7136”\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u57281988\u5e74\u521d\u5df2\u7ecf\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u53d1\u751f\u8150\u8d25\u7684\u5371\u9669\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7531\u6b64\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86“\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8981\u7e41\u8363\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u8981\u5ec9\u6d01”\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u8981\u6293\u5ec9\u653f\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u5728\u4ed6\u53c8\u63d0\u51fa“\u901a\u8fc7\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5546\u54c1\u7ecf\u6d4e\u65b0\u79e9\u5e8f\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u65b0\u79e9\u5e8f”\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u30021989\u5e745\u6708\u4ed6\u53c8\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u9886\u5bfc\u5e72\u90e8\u8d22\u4ea7\u7533\u62a5\u3001\u53d6\u6d88\u7279\u4f9b\u3001\u8bbe\u7acb\u4eba\u5927\u5ec9\u653f\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7b49\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\uff0c\u90fd\u770b\u505a\u662f\u63a8\u8fdb\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u63d0\u51fa\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u662f\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\uff0c\u800c\u4e3b\u6301\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5374\u662f\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7406\u5ff5\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u4e0e\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4e5f\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u5728\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u7684\u4e3b\u6301\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5411\u6539\u53d8\u515a\u7684\u6267\u653f\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u515a\u6743\u3001\u516c\u6743\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u6c11\u4e3b\u76d1\u7763\u548c\u8206\u8bba\u76d1\u7763\u3001\u4fdd\u969c\u6c11\u6743\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e00\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b3c\u7edf\u5730\u8bb2\u5f53\u65f6\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u65f6\u673a\u5408\u9002\u6216\u4e0d\u5408\u9002\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u8bb2\u6df7\u6dc6\u4e86\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u4e0e\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u4e24\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u62b9\u5239\u4e86\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u662f\u5728\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u4e0b\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u8fd9\u9879\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c“\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769”\uff0c\u662f\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u800c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u8981\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u6765\u4e3b\u6301\u8fd9\u573a\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u8d75\u6ca1\u6709\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5f53\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u4ed3\u4fc3\u4e0a\u9a6c\uff0c\u6765\u4e3b\u6301\u8fd9\u573a\u6539\u9769\u7684\u7814\u8ba8\u548c\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u662f\u6309\u7167\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u6309\u7167\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u4ea6\u6b65\u4ea6\u8d8b\uff0c\u90a3\u4ed6\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u80fd\u987a\u5229\u5b8c\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u5f53\u4ed6\u7684\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\uff0c\u4f46\u90a3\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u4e86\u3002\u4e5f\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5f531989\u5e74\u5b66\u6f6e\u88ad\u6765\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633“\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u548c\u6cd5\u5236\u8f68\u9053\u4e0a\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898”\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u548c\u515a\u5185\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u52bf\u529b\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u627c\u6740\u4e86\u8fd9\u573a\u6c11\u4e3b\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u4e5f\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eb2\u81ea\u63d0\u51fa\u548c\u53d1\u52a8\u7684\u8fd9\u573a\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\u6240\u8981\u7684\u548c\u884c\u653f\u6539\u9769\u5212\u7b49\u53f7\u7684“\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769”\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u7684\u4ee5\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u4e3a\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5373\u4fbf\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u56fd\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u515a\u4e13\u5236\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u573a\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u65f6\u673a\u6210\u719f\u4e0e\u4e0d\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e2a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u6216\u4e3b\u6301\u8005\u4e3b\u89c2\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u591a\u79cd\u4e3b\u5ba2\u89c2\u56e0\u7d20\u5408\u529b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u30021980\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd9\u573a\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c\u4ece\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u65f6\u673a\u662f\u6210\u719f\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4e3b\u6301\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5374\u662f\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u3002\u4ece\u8d75\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u65f6\u673a\u5c31\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u60f3\u641e\u7684\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u4e0e\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5374\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u641e\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u662f\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u5168\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u547c\u58f0\uff0c\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u9700\u8981\u548c\u5927\u52bf\u6240\u8d8b\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u660e\u77e5“\u6539\u9769\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u4e0d\u591f”\uff0c\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u963b\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u653e\u5f03\u8fd9\u4e2a\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u4ed6\u8981\u6293\u4f4f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u515a\u7684\u672a\u6765\u640f\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u6211\u60f3\uff0c\u8fd9\u5927\u6982\u5c31\u662f\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5fc3\u4e2d\u6240\u601d\u6240\u60f3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u8ba4\u4e3a“\u8fd9\u6b21\u6539\u9769\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u673a\u5e76\u4e0d\u5408\u9002”\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u6839\u636e\uff0c\u662f\u8ba4\u4e3a“1987\u5e74\uff0c\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u9762\u4e34‘\u95ef\u7269\u4ef7\u5173’\u7684\u524d\u5915\uff0c\u6574\u4f53\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5f62\u52bf\u4e0d\u5bb9\u4e50\u89c2\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u91cd\u5927\u653f\u6cbb\u63aa\u65bd\u7684\u51fa\u53f0\uff0c\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u673a\u663e\u7136\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u4e0a\u884c\u671f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u6b21\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u4e0a\u884c\u671f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u56f0\u96be\u91cd\u91cd\u7684\u95e8\u69db\u524d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u3002……\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u6b21\u6539\u9769\u542f\u52a8\u4e8e1985\u5e74\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4f1a\u662f\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u756a\u98ce\u666f\u3002”[33]\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u4e5f\u662f\u4f3c\u662f\u800c\u975e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u672c\u4e66\u524d\u9762\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u8c08\u5230\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u7814\u8ba8\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u59cb\u4e8e1986\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u542f\u52a8\u4e8e1987\u5e7410\u6708\u7684\u5341\u4e09\u5927\uff0c\u800c“\u7269\u4ef7\u95ef\u5173”\u542f\u52a8\u4e8e1988\u5e745\u6708\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u8868\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u542f\u52a8\u5728\u5148\uff0c\u800c“\u7269\u4ef7\u95ef\u5173”\u5728\u540e\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u542f\u52a8“\u95ef\u5173”\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u540c\u6837\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u3002\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u4f5c\u4e3a\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u4ed6\u662f\u8d5e\u6210\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d\u8d5e\u6210\uff08\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8d75\u5f53\u65f6\u662f\u8d5e\u6210\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u8d2f\u5f7b\u9093\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u63d0\u8bae\u3002“\u7269\u4ef7\u95ef\u5173”\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u540e\u6765\u53d1\u751f\u793e\u4f1a\u52a8\u8361\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u7840\u6027\u56e0\u7d20\uff1b\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u88ab\u8feb\u4e3a\u6b64\u627f\u62c5\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u515a\u5185\u4fdd\u5b88\u52bf\u529b“\u5012\u8d75”\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e3\u5b9e\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u786e\u5b9e\u6210\u4e3a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63a8\u8fdb\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u4e0d\u5229\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u540c\u6837\u6ca1\u6709\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u5076\u7136\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4f46\u4efb\u4f55\u91cd\u5927\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u65e0\u4e0d\u6709\u5176\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u65f6\u673a\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u66f4\u591a\u65f6\u5019\u6539\u9769\u7684\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u88ab\u8feb\u7684\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u80fd\u7531\u5f97\u6539\u9769\u52bf\u529b\u8fdb\u884c\u4ece\u5bb9\u5730\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u65f6\u673a\u5c31\u6210\u719f\u4e86\u5417\uff1f\u8fd9\u79cd\u6210\u719f\u4ee5\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e3a\u6807\u5fd7\uff1f\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7edf\u6cbb\u96c6\u56e2\u5185\u90e8\u8981\u6c42\u6539\u53d8\u73b0\u72b6\u7684\u52bf\u529b\uff0c\u5bf9\u65e7\u6709\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u548c\u7edf\u6cbb\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u573a\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u53d8\u9769\uff0c\u4e5f\u4ece\u6765\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u5e06\u98ce\u987a\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u8981\u53d7\u5230\u4e3b\u5ba2\u89c2\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u548c\u5236\u7ea6\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f71\u54cd\u751a\u81f3\u4f1a\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u3002\u7b3c\u7edf\u5730\u8bb2\u65f6\u673a\u6210\u719f\u4e0e\u4e0d\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u610f\u4e49\u4e0d\u5927\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4e94\u3001\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u4e0e\u4ed6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u9057\u4ea7<\/span><\/p>\r\n

80\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8fd9\u573a\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u4e0e\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u4e24\u6761“\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u8def\u7ebf”\uff0c\u4f46\u6539\u9769\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5728\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u7684\u4e3b\u6301\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002\u4e2d\u5171\u5341\u4e09\u5927\u62a5\u544a\u7b2c\u4e94\u3001\u516d\u4e24\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u3001\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u603b\u4f53\u8bbe\u60f3\u300b\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5341\u4e09\u5927\u4ee5\u540e\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u52a0\u5f3a\u5ec9\u653f\u5efa\u8bbe\u3001\u6539\u9020\u601d\u60f3\u653f\u6cbb\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u5546\u54c1\u7ecf\u6d4e\u65b0\u79e9\u5e8f\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u65b0\u79e9\u5e8f\u7b49\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u90fd\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u5bf9\u5f53\u65f6\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u8fd9\u6b21\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u4e30\u5bcc\u5185\u6db5\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u6539\u9769\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u6709\u4e9b\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8d2f\u5f7b\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u672a\u6765\u5f97\u53ca\u5b9e\u65bd\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u88ab\u6b6a\u66f2\u4ee5\u81f3\u7be1\u6539\uff0c\u57281989\u5e74\u516d\u56db\u540e\u53c8\u5927\u591a\u5012\u9000\u56de\u5230\u539f\u6765\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u7cdf\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u4e3a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u65b9\u6848\u548c\u5185\u5bb9\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u662f\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eca\u5929\u4e2d\u56fd\u542f\u52a8\u65b0\u7684\u4e00\u8f6e\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u8f6c\u578b\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u53c2\u8003\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u501f\u9274\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

80\u5e74\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5185\u6db5\u548c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u9057\u4ea7\u662f\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u6761\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u515a\u653f\u5206\u5f00\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u8bf4\u515a\u653f\u5206\u5f00\u662f\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u884c\u653f\u6548\u7387\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u884c\u653f\u6539\u9769[34]\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u770b\u6cd5\u662f\u7684\u80a4\u6d45\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u770b\u5230\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u3002\u8d75\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u515a\u653f\u5206\u5f00\uff0c\u4e0e\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7684“\u515a\u653f\u5206\u5f00”\u6709\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4ece\u9769\u547d\u515a\u5411\u6267\u653f\u515a\u8f6c\u578b\u4e3a\u76ee\u7684\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u6db5\u4e49\uff0c\u662f“\u515a\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u5bfc”\uff0c\u662f“\u515a\u8981\u5728\u5baa\u6cd5\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u6d3b\u52a8”\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\uff0c\u662f\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u51cc\u9a7e\u4e8e\u5baa\u6cd5\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u6743\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4e2d\u592e\u51b3\u7b56\u548c\u5baa\u6cd5\u540d\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u5927\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u51b3\u7b56\u8fd9\u6837\u4e24\u4e2a\u51b3\u7b56\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u91cd\u5f52\u4eba\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u3002\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u52a9\u624b\u9c8d\u5f64\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u64a4\u9500\u515a\u59d4\u4e2d\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u91cd\u8fed\u7684\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u64a4\u9500\u5404\u7ea7\u884c\u653f\u3001\u53f8\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u4e2d\u7684\u515a\u7ec4\uff0c\u64a4\u9500\u5404\u7ea7\u653f\u6cd5\u59d4\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u515a\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c5e\u5730\u5316\uff0c\u628a\u56fd\u5bb6\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u5206\u6210\u653f\u52a1\u3001\u4e1a\u52a1\u4e24\u7c7b\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u7ec4\u7ec7\u90e8\u95e8\u4e0d\u518d\u638c\u63e1\u653f\u5e9c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4eba\u4e8b\u5927\u6743\uff0c\u6539\u9769\u4eba\u5927\u9009\u4e3e\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u9010\u7ea7\u5b9e\u73b0\u771f\u6b63\u81ea\u7531\u9009\u4e3e\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u65e0\u4e00\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u6309\u7167\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8def\u5b50\u8d70\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u987a\u7406\u6210\u7ae0\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u5f00\u653e\u4eba\u5927\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u515a\u6d3e\u6d3b\u52a8\u3001\u515a\u6d3e\u7ade\u9009\uff1b\u6743\u529b\u91cd\u5f52\u6c11\u610f\u673a\u5173\u53ca\u5176\u9009\u4e3e\u51fa\u7684\u884c\u653f\u3001\u53f8\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\uff1b\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6267\u653f\u515a\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u53d7\u5230\u6c11\u610f\u7684\u5236\u7ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e0b\u53f0\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u515a\u5185\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u3002\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u662f\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u3001\u9c8d\u5f64\u4eec\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bf4\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u800c\u5df2\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5728\u5f53\u5e74\u90a3\u573a\u6539\u9769\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fc7\u53bb20\u591a\u5e74\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u548c\u9c8d\u5f64\u4eec\u5f53\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5185\u6db5\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u89c6\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u4e0e\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5206\u91ce\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u786c\u662f\u8981\u628a\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u548c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u626f\u5230\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u8bf4\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u5f53\u5e74\u662f“\u8bef\u89e3”\u4e86\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\uff0c\u9093\u548c\u8d75\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f“\u4e00\u81f4”\u7684\u3002\u6216\u8bb8\u6301\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u7684\u4eba\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u597d\u5fc3\uff0c\u662f“\u7231\u62a4”\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u7406\u7531\u4e3a\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u8fa9\u62a4\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u8d2c\u4f4e\u4e86\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u770b\u5230\u8d75\u4e0e\u9093\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5dee\u522b\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u4e0d\u613f\u770b\u5230\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u51b2\u7834\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u4f53\u5236\u3001\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u9010\u6e10\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u4e0e\u80e1\u8000\u90a6\u90fd\u662f\u4e2d\u5171\u515a\u5185\u6539\u9769\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u6770\u51fa\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u90fd\u8ba4\u540c\u666e\u4e16\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u5728\u4ed6\u4e3b\u6301\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7814\u8ba8\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u90a3\u51e0\u5e74\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u9010\u6b65\u8df3\u51fa\u4e86\u4e2d\u5171\u4f20\u7edf\u4f53\u5236\u548c\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u675f\u7f1a\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u5f00\u59cb\u8ba4\u540c\u73b0\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u8ba4\u540c\u5baa\u653f\u6c11\u4e3b\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u800c\u80e1\u8000\u90a6\u5374\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u7b14\u8005\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u662f\u6709\u6839\u636e\u7684\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5c31\u662f\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u548c\u9c8d\u5f64\u5f53\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u5f53\u5e74\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5411\u5baa\u653f\u6c11\u4e3b\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6307\u5411\u3002\u515a\u653f\u5206\u5f00\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u56fd\u5bb6\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u5728\u4eba\u5927\u4e2d\u5f00\u5c55\u515a\u6d3e\u6d3b\u52a8\u3001\u6539\u9769\u9009\u4e3e\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u53d1\u5c55\u57fa\u5c42\u6c11\u4e3b\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u793e\u4f1a\u56e2\u4f53\u81ea\u4e3b\u5316\u3001\u4fdd\u969c\u516c\u6c11\u57fa\u672c\u6743\u5229\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5316\u3001\u5f00\u5c55\u793e\u4f1a\u534f\u5546\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u4fdd\u969c\u53f8\u6cd5\u72ec\u7acb\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u65e0\u4e00\u4e0d\u662f\u5411\u73b0\u4ee3\u5baa\u653f\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u9c8d\u5f64\u66fe\u7ecf\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff1a“\u5341\u4e09\u5927\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u6210\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u6539\u9769\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002”\u53ea\u8981\u8d70\u51fa\u4e86\u8fd9\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5c31\u547c\u4e4b\u6b32\u51fa\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u5411\u73b0\u4ee3\u5baa\u653f\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u8fc7\u6e21\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u5f53\u65f6\u8fd8\u53ea\u662f\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u548c\u9c8d\u5f64\u4eec\u8111\u5b50\u91cc\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f71\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u56ff\u4e8e\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0e\u515a\u5185\u590d\u6742\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u65e0\u6cd5\u660e\u786e\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u5730\u8868\u8fbe\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u7684\u665a\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u4e00\u751f\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4e3b\u6301\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u4ee5\u540e\u53ca\u6b64\u540e15\u5e74\u7684\u53cd\u601d\uff0c\u5c31\u5f97\u51fa\u4e86\u660e\u786e\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u7684\u4e00\u751f\uff0c\u66fe\u7ecf\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e24\u6b21“\u5927\u5f7b\u5927\u609f”\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u662f\u4ed6\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5341\u5e74\u6587\u9769\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e2d\u5171\u7684“\u4ee5\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89\u4e3a\u7eb2”\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u8fdb\u884c\u53cd\u601d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ece\u5fe0\u5b9e\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u4eba\u4e3a\u672c\u7684\u6c11\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3a\u601d\u60f3\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u6539\u9769\u8005\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u7684\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\uff0c\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u8df3\u51fa\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4f20\u7edf\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u6846\u6846\u675f\u7f1a\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\uff0c\u662f\u4ed6\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e3b\u6301\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u6539\u9769\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc71989\u5e74\u7684\u90a3\u573a\u5de8\u53d8\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4ece\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u6539\u826f\u6d3e\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u665a\u5e74\uff0c\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u6838\u5fc3\u4e4b\u540e\u5931\u53bb\u81ea\u7531\u768415\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e00\u751f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u6240\u4e3a\u4e4b\u594b\u6597\u4e86\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e00\u8f88\u5b50\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u515a\u548c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5236\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u53cd\u601d\uff0c\u5bf9\u5176\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u5426\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a“\u6211\u4eec\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u6240\u5b9e\u884c\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u6d41\u4e8e\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4eba\u6c11\u5f53\u5bb6\u4f5c\u4e3b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c11\u6570\u4eba\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002”“\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4e13\u653f\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u56fd\u5bb6\u5df2\u7ecf\u9000\u51fa\u4e86\u5386\u53f2\u821e\u53f0\u3002\u5012\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u8bae\u4f1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u751f\u547d\u529b\u3002\u770b\u6765\u8fd9\u79cd\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u73b0\u5728\u80fd\u591f\u627e\u5230\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u3001\u80fd\u591f\u4f53\u73b0\u6c11\u4e3b\u3001\u7b26\u5408\u73b0\u4ee3\u8981\u6c42\u800c\u53c8\u6bd4\u8f83\u6210\u719f\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u8fd8\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u6bd4\u5b83\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u3002”“\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\uff0c\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u5b9e\u884c\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u4e0a\u7684\u8bae\u4f1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u3002”[35]<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u5e76\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u6b65\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8de8\u8d8a\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd“\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6”\uff0c\u800c\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7“\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u957f\u7684\u8fc7\u6e21\u65f6\u671f”\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c“\u6839\u636e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5728\u8fc7\u6e21\u671f\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u80fd\u8fc7\u6e21\u5f97\u597d\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u6267\u653f\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u6267\u653f\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002”“\u8fd9\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6587\u5316\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u521b\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u968f\u7740\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6587\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u987a\u5229\u5730\u8fc7\u6e21\u5230\u6bd4\u8f83\u6210\u719f\u7684\u6587\u660e\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ed3\u4fc3\uff0c\u5192\u7136\u5730\u5168\u90e8\u642c\u8fc7\u6765\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5fc5\u987b\u671d\u7740\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u524d\u8fdb\uff0c\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u53cd\u5176\u9053\u800c\u884c\u4e4b\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u751a\u81f3\u963b\u788d\u5411\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u524d\u8fdb\u7684\u5012\u884c\u9006\u65bd\u3002”[36]\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u8fd8\u8bf4\uff1a“\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u4e0d\u57f9\u690d\u53cd\u5bf9\u515a\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u57ae\u4e86\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u4f1a\u5927\u4e71\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u5371\u9669\u7684\u3002\u73b0\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u4e0d\u613f\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002”[37]<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u5411\u73b0\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u8bae\u4f1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u8bf4\uff0c“\u5173\u952e\u662f\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u9886\u5bfc\u96c6\u56e2\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u56e0\u52bf\u5229\u5bfc\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u8f7b\u91cd\u7f13\u6025\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u5b9e\u884c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u9760\u6267\u653f\u515a\u7684\u81ea\u89c9\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u8206\u8bba\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\uff1b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u4e0d\u52a8\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u7b49\u5f85\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6587\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\u5177\u5907\u4e86\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5728\u54ea\u4e00\u5929\u6765\u5ba3\u5e03\u5b9e\u884c\u8bae\u4f1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u3002\u8fd9\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6e10\u8fdb\u7684\u9010\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u968f\u7740\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6587\u5316\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u4e0a\u4e0d\u65ad\u6539\u826f\u3001\u6539\u8fdb\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u4e92\u76f8\u6e17\u900f\u3001\u4e92\u76f8\u5f71\u54cd\u3001\u4e92\u76f8\u63a8\u52a8\u3002\u7a76\u7adf\u5982\u4f55\u8fc7\u6e21\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u524d\u9762\u8bb2\u7684\u6539\u8fdb\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u6267\u653f\u65b9\u5f0f\u6240\u5217\u4e3e\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u662f\u5e94\u8be5\u505a\u7684\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u521d\u671f\u9636\u6bb5\u3002”[38]\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5728\u4e2d\u5171\u5341\u4e09\u5927\u4e0a\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684“\u603b\u4f53\u8bbe\u60f3”\u5728\u8fc7\u6e21\u7684\u521d\u671f\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u9002\u7528\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u6e10\u8fdb\u5f0f\u7684\u6539\u9769\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u662f\u4ed6\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u5f53\u5e74\u4e3b\u6301\u6539\u9769\u7814\u8ba8\u65f6\uff0c\u6001\u5ea6\u5c31\u5341\u5206\u660e\u786e\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u5f53\u5e74\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7814\u8ba8\u5c0f\u7ec4\u7684\u4e03\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u9c8d\u5f64\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u6539\u529e\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\u7ecf\u5e38\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5baa\u653f\u3001\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u5229\u3001\u515a\u6d3e\u653f\u6cbb\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u65b9\u6848\u7814\u8ba8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u90fd\u8ba8\u8bba\u5230\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5728\u7eb3\u5165\u65b9\u6848\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u6709\u53d6\u6709\u820d\u3002\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u3001\u9c8d\u5f64\u548c\u653f\u6539\u529e\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u8981\u7684\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u4e0e\u515a\u5185\u5916\u5bf9\u53d1\u5c55\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u8fd9\u4e2a\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u770b\u5f97\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u786e\u5b9e\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u4e24\u96be\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e24\u96be\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u4e2d\uff0c\u653f\u6539\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u7814\u8ba8\u8005\u4eec\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u9996\u5148\u9009\u62e9\u670d\u4ece\u4e8e\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u8fd9\u4e2a“\u4e2d\u56fd\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5b9e\u9645”\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u7531\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6848\u9996\u5148\u5fc5\u987b\u8003\u8651\u5230\u515a\u5185\u9ad8\u5c42\u7684\u627f\u53d7\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7b49\u8001\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5341\u4e09\u5927\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u53ea\u80fd\u4f7f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u5411\u524d\u8d70\u4e00\u5c0f\u6b65\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u8981\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6b65\u5b50\u8fc8\u51fa\u53bb\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c0f\u6b65\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5411\u6c11\u4e3b\u793e\u4f1a\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u6b65\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u50cf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u96be\u4ee5\u9006\u8f6c\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u5341\u4e09\u5927\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6848\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u6210\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u968f\u7740\u6539\u9769\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0d\u65ad\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u63a8\u51fa\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u5c55\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u73b0\u5728\u8981\u505a\u7684\u800c\u4e14\u80fd\u505a\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5c06\u6765\u624d\u6709\u6761\u4ef6\u505a\u7684\u5148\u4e0d\u53bb\u8bb2\uff0c\u7559\u5230\u5341\u5e74\u540e\u518d\u8bb2\u518d\u505a\u3002\u81ea\u7136\u89c4\u5f8b\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u90fd\u96be\u4ee5\u6297\u62d2\u7684\u3002\u515a\u5185\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8001\u4eba\u4eec\uff0c\u603b\u6709\u4e00\u5929\u8981\u9000\u51fa\u5386\u53f2\u821e\u53f0\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u8d70\u51fa\u8fd9\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u51e0\u5e74\u540e\u4e0b\u6b21\u515a\u4ee3\u4f1a\u4e0a\u518d\u8d70\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u4f1a\u963b\u529b\u5c0f\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u800c\u518d\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u66f4\u597d\u8d70\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002\u5e94\u8be5\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u9010\u6b65\u6e10\u8fdb\u5f0f\u7684\u6539\u9769\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u3001\u9c8d\u5f64\u548c\u653f\u6539\u529e\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u540c\u4e8b\u4eec\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u90fd\u662f\u660e\u786e\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5f53\u5e74\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u548c\u9c8d\u5f64\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7814\u8ba8\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5c31\u66fe\u7ecf\u8bbe\u60f3\u8fc7\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e09\u81f3\u56db\u5c4a\u515a\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u515a\u7684\u6267\u653f\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u548c\u6574\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f53\u5236\u5411\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u540e\u6765\u5728\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u4e2d\u6240\u8c08\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u4e0e\u4ed6\u5728\u5f53\u5e74\u4e3b\u6301\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u65f6\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u8109\u76f8\u627f\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5bf980\u5e74\u4ee3\u90a3\u573a\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5185\u6db5\u548c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u62ec\uff0c\u53ef\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\uff1a\u5c31\u662f\u4ee5\u6c11\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3a\u57fa\u672c\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u548c\u5e73\u8f6c\u578b\u548c\u9010\u6b65\u8fc7\u6e21\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ece\u6781\u6743\u653f\u6cbb\u5411\u5baa\u653f\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u4ece\u4e00\u515a\u72ec\u88c1\u5411\u73b0\u4ee3\u653f\u515a\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u516d\u3001\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u542f\u52a8\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f53\u4eca\u4e2d\u56fd\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u5fc5\u7531\u4e4b\u8def<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4ece1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u88ab\u4e2d\u6b62\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c20\u591a\u5e74\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u573a\u5408\uff0c\u591a\u6b21\u5ba3\u79f0\uff0c\u8981“\u7ee7\u7eed\u63a8\u8fdb\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769”\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u51e0\u4e4e\u672a\u89c1\u4efb\u4f55\u52a8\u4f5c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u8fdb\u516521\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u9ad8\u5ea6\u96c6\u6743\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u5411\u6781\u7aef\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u63a7\u5236\u975e\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u66f4\u52a0\u4e25\u91cd\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u6210\u7ee9\uff0c\u4f46\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u5316\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u96c6\u6743\u5316\uff0c\u6743\u529b\u4e0d\u53d7\u5236\u7ea6\u548c\u76d1\u7763\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4f53\u5236\u6027\u7684\u8150\u8d25\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u6743\u529b\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u5316\u3001\u8d44\u672c\u5316\u548c\u79c1\u6709\u5316\uff0c\u6743\u529b\u8150\u8d25\u52a0\u901f\uff0c\u6743\u8d35\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff1b\u8d2b\u5bcc\u9e3f\u6c9f\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u6743\u8d35\u8d2a\u5a6a\u63a0\u593a\uff0c\u5b98\u5458\u8150\u5316\u5815\u843d\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u77db\u76fe\u52a0\u5267\uff0c\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6b64\u8d77\u5f7c\u4f0f\uff1b\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u7ef4\u6743\u610f\u8bc6\u3001\u516c\u6c11\u610f\u8bc6\u3001\u6c11\u4e3b\u610f\u8bc6\u65e5\u81fb\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7b49\u65b0\u4f20\u64ad\u624b\u6bb5\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u88ab\u6c11\u4f17\u6240\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5229\u7528\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u8206\u8bba\u573a\uff1b\u56fd\u5185\u5404\u79cd\u65e2\u5f97\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u56e2\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u5168\u638c\u63a7\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u547d\u8109\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5de6\u53f3\u5f53\u5c40\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u51b3\u7b56\uff1b\u4e2d\u5171\u7684\u6267\u653f\u57fa\u7840\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e0d\u65ad\u6d41\u5931\u5df2\u7ecf\u6240\u5269\u65e0\u51e0\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u4e3a\u4e86\u52a0\u5f3a\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f00\u59cb\u8fdb\u5165“\u7ef4\u7a33\u538b\u5012\u4e00\u5207”\u7684“\u51c6\u7d27\u6025\u72b6\u6001”\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u9002\u5e94\uff0c\u515a\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u9886\u5bfc\u4f53\u5236\u8fc5\u901f\u5411“\u515a\u56fd\u4e00\u4f53\u5316”\u7684“\u7ef4\u7a33\u4f53\u5236”\u6f14\u53d8\uff0c\u96c6\u6743\u7a0b\u5ea6\u66f4\u52a0\u8d8b\u5411\u6781\u7aef\u3002\u5f53\u5c40\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u9ad8\u5c42\u9886\u5bfc\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u518d\u6709\u539f\u6765\u8001\u4e00\u4ee3\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u66fe\u7ecf\u6709\u8fc7\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u548c\u90a3\u79cd\u6539\u9769\u7684\u613f\u671b\u548c\u6fc0\u60c5\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u751a\u81f3\u4e27\u5931\u4e86\u4e00\u5207\u4fe1\u4ef0\u548c\u8d23\u4efb\u611f\uff0c\u5b81\u613f“\u62b1\u7740\u70b8\u5f39\u51fb\u9f13\u4f20\u82b1”\u3002\u5f53\u5c40\u62d2\u7edd\u6539\u9769\u800c\u5b9e\u884c\u7684“\u7ef4\u7a33”\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u516c\u6743\u529b\u4e0e\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u77db\u76fe\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u5730\u65b9\u5f00\u59cb\u8d70\u5411\u5bf9\u6297\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ee7\u7eed\u62d2\u7edd\u8fdb\u884c\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u515a\u7684\u6267\u653f\u57fa\u7840\u5c06\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6d41\u5931\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u51b2\u7a81\u5c06\u66f4\u52a0\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u4e00\u70b9\u70b9\u706b\u661f\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u8d77\u4e00\u573a\u5927\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u52a8\u4e71\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5f15\u53d1\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u751f\u524d\u90fd\u770b\u5230\u4e86\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u300a\u6539\u9769\u5386\u7a0b\u300b\uff0c\u53ca\u5b97\u51e4\u9e23\u7684\u300a\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u8f6f\u7981\u4e2d\u7684\u8c08\u8bdd\u300b\u7b49\u4e66\u4e2d\u4e5f\u90fd\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\u6267\u653f\u515a\u6240\u575a\u6301\u7684“\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u653e\u6d3b\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u6536\u7d27”\uff0c\u4ee5\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u4ee3\u66ff\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u4e00\u6761\u6b7b\u8def\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5411\u4e0e\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u76f8\u9002\u5e94\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u8f6c\u578b\uff0c\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u51fa\u8def\u3002\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u8bf4\u662f\u8bdb\u5fc3\u4e4b\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5411\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u793e\u4f1a\u8f6c\u578b\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u548c\u8feb\u5207\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u6761\u8def\u600e\u4e48\u8d70\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u770b\u5f62\u52bf\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u5404\u6d3e\u653f\u6cbb\u52bf\u529b\u80fd\u5426\u5f62\u6210\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u51cf\u5c11\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u3001\u6c11\u4f17\u5728\u8f6c\u578b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7531\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u52a8\u4e71\u9020\u6210\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u548c\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u7531\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u7684\u6ed1\u5761\u548c\u56fd\u529b\u4e0a\u7684\u5012\u9000\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c80\u5e74\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u548c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u6240\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u7531\u4f53\u5236\u5185\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u6e10\u8fdb\u5f0f\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u826f\uff0c\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u5411\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u793e\u4f1a\u6210\u672c\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u9053\u8def\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u80fd\u5426\u5b9e\u73b0\u5411\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u8f6c\u578b\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u5728\u6267\u653f\u515a\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fdb\u884c\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u7531\u6267\u653f\u8005\u4e3b\u52a8\u8fdb\u884c\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u679c\u65ad\u653e\u5f03\u96c6\u6743\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u662f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u6210\u529f\u7684\u30021980\u5e74\u4ee3\u53f0\u6e7e\u3001\u97e9\u56fd\u7b49\u5411\u6c11\u4e3b\u793e\u4f1a\u6210\u529f\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u5927\u96461980\u5e74\u4ee3\u90a3\u573a\u7531\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u6267\u653f\u515a\u4e3b\u52a8\u6539\u9769\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53ef\u501f\u9274\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u987d\u56fa\u575a\u6301\u6781\u6743\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u62d2\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u6c11\u4e3b\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5f53\u653f\u8005\u4e5f\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u51e0\u4e4e\u65e0\u4e00\u4f8b\u5916\u5730\u88ab\u6c11\u4f17\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u6240\u629b\u5f03\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u5c40\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6709\u76ee\u5171\u7779\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u8def\u5f84\u9009\u62e9\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u4e2d\u95f4\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u548c\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u3002\u7279\u522b\u5728\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u6307\u671b\u6267\u653f\u515a\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u538b\u529b\u4e0b\u4e3b\u52a8\u8d70\u4e0a\u6c11\u4e3b\u6539\u9769\u4e4b\u8def\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u5206\u6b67\u5f88\u5927\u3002\u4f46\u65e0\u8bba\u5206\u6b67\u6709\u591a\u5927\uff0c\u8fd9\u5176\u4e2d\u9664\u53bb\u4e3b\u5f20\u901a\u8fc7\u9769\u547d\u63a8\u7ffb\u73b0\u653f\u6743\u7684\u6781\u7aef\u6c11\u7cb9\u6d3e\u548c\u4e3b\u5f20\u5168\u9762\u5012\u9000\u56de\u5230\u6bdb\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u6781\u5de6\u6d3e\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6e10\u8fdb\u6027\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5171\u8bc6\u3002\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u51dd\u805a\u8fd9\u79cd\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u548c\u52a0\u5927\u5bf9\u6267\u653f\u5f53\u5c40\u7684\u6539\u9769\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u6781\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u76ee\u524d\u6267\u653f\u515a\u5185\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5f62\u52bf\uff0c\u4e0e20\u591a\u5e74\u524d\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u4e3b\u6301\u90a3\u573a\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u65f6\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u4e5f\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u515a\u5185\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u529b\u91cf\u7531\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u660e\u663e\u51cf\u5f31\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u5df2\u7ecf\u9000\u4e0b\u6765\u7684“\u8001\u540c\u5fd7”\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f46\u76f8\u6bd4\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5f3a\u4eba\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u8001\u4eba\u5bf9\u6267\u653f\u4e00\u7ebf\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u5df2\u7ecf\u51cf\u5f31\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u515a\u5185\u4e00\u6279\u53d7\u8fc7\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u5177\u6709\u73b0\u4ee3\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u65b0\u751f\u4ee3\u529b\u91cf\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u9ad8\u5c42\u9886\u5bfc\u6838\u5fc3\uff1b\u4e09\u662f\u4e00\u5927\u6279\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e20\u4e16\u7eaa50\u300160\u5e74\u4ee3\u3001\u4e86\u89e3\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5e95\u5c42\u72b6\u51b5\u3001\u5177\u6709\u57fa\u5c42\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u4e2d\u9752\u5e74\u5e72\u90e8\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fdb\u5165\u515a\u7684\u5404\u7ea7\u9886\u5bfc\u5c42\u3002\u8fd9\u5176\u4e2d\u5c31\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5177\u6709\u6539\u9769\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u6240\u8c13“\u592a\u5b50\u515a”\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e3a\u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u52a8\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u80fd\u5426\u53d8\u6210\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u65e2\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u77db\u76fe\u5c16\u9510\u5316\u5bf9\u5f53\u653f\u8005\u7684\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u4e5f\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u65b0\u751f\u4ee3\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d1f\u8d23\u3001\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5341\u51e0\u4ebf\u6c11\u4f17\u8d1f\u8d23\u3001\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u515a\u8d1f\u8d23\u7684\u9b44\u529b\u548c\u8d23\u4efb\u5fc3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u516d\u56db\u8fc7\u540e\u76841989\u5e746\u670823\u65e5\uff0c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u5728\u4e2d\u5171\u5341\u4e09\u5c4a\u56db\u4e2d\u5168\u4f1a\u524d\u90a3\u6b21\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u6269\u5927\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684“\u81ea\u8fa9\u53d1\u8a00”\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u8bb2\u4e86\u4e00\u6bb5\u8bdd\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u5f15\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u3002\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u8bf4\uff1a“\u4e00\u515a\u9886\u5bfc\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u51b3\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u51b3\u5bf9\u515a\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u5173\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u6d88\u6781\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u67d0\u4e9b\u8150\u8d25\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u6709\u6548\u76d1\u7763\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e00\u515a\u9886\u5bfc\u624d\u80fd\u589e\u5f3a\u751f\u547d\u529b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u60f3\u6211\u4eec\u515a\u5fc5\u987b\u9002\u5e94\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3\u548c\u65b0\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5b66\u4f1a\u7528\u6c11\u4e3b\u548c\u6cd5\u5236\u7b49\u7b49\u65b0\u529e\u6cd5\u53bb\u89e3\u51b3\u65b0\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u52a0\u5f3a\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u53d1\u6325\u4eba\u5927\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e0e\u5b8c\u5584\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u591a\u515a\u5408\u4f5c\u5236\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u534f\u5546\u5236\uff0c\u5b8c\u5584\u5e76\u6539\u8fdb\u9009\u4e3e\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u4eba\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f17\u5bf9\u515a\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u76d1\u7763\uff0c\u7528\u5177\u4f53\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u548c\u89c4\u8303\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5408\u6cd5\u7533\u8bf7\u548c\u6279\u51c6\u7684\u6e38\u884c\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u8981\u4f7f\u4eba\u6c11\u5207\u8eab\u611f\u53d7\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u4eab\u53d7\u5230\u771f\u6b63\u800c\u5207\u5b9e\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5236\u5ea6\u624d\u80fd\u589e\u5f3a\u5bf9\u4eba\u6c11\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u3001\u51dd\u805a\u529b\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u4f18\u8d8a\u6027\u624d\u80fd\u66f4\u52a0\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5404\u7ea7\u9886\u5bfc\u673a\u5173\u548c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u9002\u5e94\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u548c\u6cd5\u5236\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u9002\u5e94\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u610f\u89c1\u7eb7\u7ead\uff0c\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u662f‘\u4e71’\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6709\u4e86\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u548c\u6cd5\u5236\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u5c0f‘\u9ebb\u70e6’\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5927\u4e71\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u624d\u80fd\u957f\u6cbb\u4e45\u5b89\u3002”“\u4eca\u540e\uff0c\u515a\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8981\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u79ef\u6781\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u6c11\u8fdb\u884c\u6c11\u4e3b\u548c\u6cd5\u5236\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u6210\u4e3a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6cd5\u5236\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u65d7\u5e1c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u515a\u4e0d\u53bb\u9ad8\u4e3e\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u522b\u4eba\u593a\u53bb\u3002\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fdf\u65e9\u8981\u8d70\u4e0a\u8fd9\u4e00\u6761\u8def\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u5176\u88ab\u52a8\u5730\u8d70\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u81ea\u89c9\u5730\u3001\u4e3b\u52a8\u5730\u8d70\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u662f\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u77db\u76fe\u76f8\u5f53\u5c16\u9510\uff0c\u515a\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5927\u4e3a\u524a\u5f31\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u53bb\u641e\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5c40\u9762\u5f88\u96be\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u6211\u60f3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u5728\u515a\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u76f8\u5bf9\u5de9\u56fa\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e3b\u52a8\u7684\u53bb\u641e\u6c11\u4e3b\u5efa\u8bbe\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u515a\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\uff0c\u6709\u8ba1\u5212\u3001\u6709\u6b65\u9aa4\u3001\u6709\u79e9\u5e8f\u5730\u53d1\u5c55\u4e00\u79cd\u575a\u6301\u56db\u9879\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\u7684\u3001\u9002\u5408\u6211\u56fd\u56fd\u60c5\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u65e2\u4f7f\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u548c\u6cd5\u5236\u5efa\u8bbe\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u75db\u82e6\u3001\u6469\u64e6\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u9707\u8361\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u7edd\u4e0d\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5236\u5ea6\u53d1\u751f\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u515a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u756a\u81ea\u6211\u8c03\u6574\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u9002\u5e94\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3\u8981\u6c42\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u4ee5\u5d2d\u65b0\u9762\u8c8c\uff0c\u671d\u6c14\u84ec\u52c3\u5730\u7387\u9886\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u524d\u8fdb\uff0c\u6211\u4e3b\u89c2\u4e0a\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u4e3a\u515a\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u524d\u9014\u7740\u60f3\u3002”[39]\u8fd9\u6bb5\u771f\u8bda\u3001\u5e73\u5b9e\u3001\u5728\u7406\u3001\u53d1\u81ea\u80ba\u8151\u3001\u771f\u6b63\u4e3a\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7740\u60f3\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e2d\u5171\u515a\u5458\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4e2d\u5171\u65b0\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u8ba4\u771f\u8bfb\u4e00\u8bfb\uff0c\u60f3\u4e00\u60f3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u76ee\u524d\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u5f53\u5e74\u4e3b\u6301\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u7167\u642c\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u5f53\u653f\u8005\u5728\u5f62\u52bf\u7684\u538b\u529b\u4e0b\u6709\u6539\u7684\u613f\u671b\uff0c\u6539\u9769\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u65b9\u6848\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6267\u653f\u5f53\u5c40\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5404\u9636\u5c42\uff0c\u5de6\u4e2d\u53f3\u5404\u6d3e\u653f\u6cbb\u52bf\u529b\u53d6\u5f97\u57fa\u672c\u5171\u8bc6\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u53d8\u5316\u4e86\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u6574\u548c\u4fee\u6b63\u3002\u4f46\u65b9\u5411\u5fc5\u987b\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f“\u6700\u7ec8\u8981\u8fc7\u6e21\u5230\u8bae\u4f1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb”[40]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u8363\u5251\u5148\u751f\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u300a\u6539\u9769\u548c\u9769\u547d\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f55\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\u8c08\u5230\u4e86\u5bf9\u6267\u653f\u515a\u8bf4\u6765\uff0c\u6539\u4e0e\u4e0d\u6539\u7684\u4e94\u4e2a\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u6539\u9769\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u52a8\u6447\u56fd\u672c\uff0c\u52a8\u6447\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u6267\u653f\u683c\u5c40\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u8981\u5bf9\u73b0\u6709\u6743\u529b\u683c\u5c40\u4f5c\u51fa\u91cd\u5927\u8c03\u6574\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u6539\u9769\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u65e2\u5f97\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u56e2\u5f62\u6210\u5de8\u5927\u51b2\u51fb\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u5bf9\u73b0\u6709\u5229\u76ca\u683c\u5c40\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u8c03\u6574\uff1b\u4e09\u662f\u6539\u9769\u5fc5\u5c06\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5bf9\u91cd\u5927\u5386\u53f2\u9057\u7559\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6e05\u7b97\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5386\u53f2\u9057\u7559\u95ee\u9898\u76f4\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\u7740\u539f\u6709\u7edf\u6cbb\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\u56db\u662f\u6539\u9769\u5fc5\u5c06\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4f20\u7edf\u6cbb\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u907f\u514d\u793e\u4f1a\u5206\u88c2\u3001\u52a8\u8361\u3001\u62a5\u590d\u548c\u5931\u5e8f\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u65b0\u7684\u5baa\u653f\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u4e25\u5cfb\u6311\u6218\uff1b\u4e94\u662f\u6539\u9769\u5fc5\u5c06\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4f20\u7edf\u5904\u7406\u6c11\u65cf\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c06\u8fc5\u901f\u7ec8\u7ed3\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u907f\u514d\u6c11\u65cf\u5206\u88c2\u3001\u7ee7\u7eed\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e2d\u56fd\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6839\u672c\u8003\u9a8c\u3002[41]\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u6267\u653f\u515a\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u6539\u9769\u51b3\u5fc3\u548c\u5bf9\u5c40\u52bf\u7684\u638c\u63a7\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u6311\u6218\u548c\u8003\u9a8c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u6700\u8fd1\u53ec\u5f00\u7684\u4e2d\u5171\u5341\u516b\u5927\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u3001\u674e\u514b\u5f3a\u7b49\u65b0\u4e00\u5c4a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u63a5\u638c\u6267\u653f\u515a\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63a8\u8fdb\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u8868\u793a\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u4e2d\u5171\u5341\u516b\u5927\u62a5\u544a\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\uff0c\u53c8\u63d0\u5230\u4e86“\u4e0d\u8d70\u8001\u8def\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8d70\u90aa\u8def”\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u5185\u5bb9\u4e5f\u5927\u90fd\u662f\u80a4\u6d45\u7684\uff0c\u505c\u7559\u5728\u53e3\u53f7\u5ba3\u793a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u505a\u5f97\u91cd\u89c6\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4e0e\u5341\u4e09\u5927\u7684\u6539\u9769\u63aa\u65bd\u76f8\u6bd4\u7167\uff0c\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002\u4f1a\u540e\uff0c\u515a\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u628a\u80fd\u5426\u89e3\u51b3\u8150\u8d25\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u63d0\u9ad8\u5230“\u4ea1\u515a\u4ea1\u56fd”\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u4ecd\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u5927\u58f0\u75be\u547c\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u5b98\u5458\u8d22\u4ea7\u516c\u793a\u5236\u5ea6\u660e\u786e\u8868\u660e\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u77e5\u8bc6\u754c\u548c\u56fd\u5185\u6c11\u4f17\u666e\u904d\u611f\u5230\u5931\u671b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7b14\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u6216\u8bb8\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u6bd5\u7adf\u5341\u516b\u5927\u62a5\u544a\u662f\u5728\u4e0a\u4e00\u5c4a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4e0b\u5f62\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u515a\u5185\u9ad8\u5c42\u653f\u6cbb\u8001\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u613f\u671b\u548c\u5bf9\u6539\u9769\u627f\u53d7\u529b\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u771f\u6b63\u7ad9\u7a33\u811a\u8ddf\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u6446\u8131\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8001\u4eba\u5e72\u653f\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u770b\u51fa\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u6700\u8fd1\u5f3a\u8c03\uff1a“\u4f9d\u6cd5\u6cbb\u56fd\u9996\u5148\u662f\u4f9d\u5baa\u6cbb\u56fd\uff0c\u4f9d\u6cd5\u6267\u653f\u5173\u952e\u662f\u4f9d\u5baa\u6267\u653f\u3002”“\u8981\u5065\u5168\u6743\u529b\u8fd0\u884c\u5236\u7ea6\u548c\u76d1\u7763\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u6709\u6743\u5fc5\u6709\u8d23\uff0c\u7528\u6743\u53d7\u76d1\u7763\uff0c\u5931\u804c\u8981\u95ee\u8d23\uff0c\u8fdd\u6cd5\u8981\u8ffd\u7a76\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4eba\u6c11\u8d4b\u4e88\u7684\u6743\u529b\u59cb\u7ec8\u7528\u6765\u4e3a\u4eba\u6c11\u8c0b\u5229\u76ca\u3002”[42]\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bdd\u8bb2\u5f97\u4e0d\u9519\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e0d\u59a8\u7ee7\u7eed\u8c28\u614e\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u8981\u542c\u5176\u8a00\uff0c\u66f4\u8981\u89c2\u5176\u884c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u6e10\u8fdb\u5f0f\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u8f6c\u578b\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u77e5\u8bc6\u754c\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u8d70\u4e0a\u8fd9\u6761\u8def\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u5584\u826f\u613f\u671b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u5371\u673a\u548c\u7206\u53d1\u9769\u547d\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u5bf9\u6267\u653f\u515a\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u538b\u529b\u300280\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u662f\u4e2d\u5171\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u673a\u9047\u3002\u5728\u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u6307\u671b\u4e2d\u5171\u9ad8\u5c42\u518d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u9769\u547d\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u67c4\u8fbe\u6469\u514b\u5229\u65af\u4e4b\u5251\uff0c\u59cb\u7ec8\u60ac\u5728\u6267\u653f\u515a\u5934\u4e0a\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u903c\u8feb\u4ed6\u4eec\u8d70\u4e0a\u6539\u9769\u4e4b\u8def\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6539\u9769\u4e00\u65e5\u4e0d\u6210\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u8f7b\u8a00\u653e\u5f03\u9769\u547d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u73b0\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u5b66\u8005\u4e2d\u6d41\u4f20\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\uff0c\u53eb\u505a“\u4e94\u5e74\u770b\u6539\uff0c\u5341\u5e74\u770b\u57cb”\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u7559\u7ed9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u515a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u591a\u4e86\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u653f\u6743\u5df2\u7ecf\u9762\u4e34\u7a7a\u524d\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u5904\u4e8e\u751f\u6b7b\u5b58\u4ea1\u4e4b\u9645\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6267\u653f\u515a\u7684\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u8fd8\u60f3\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u505a\u70b9\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u6267\u653f\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u846c\u9001\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u4ee3\u4eba\u624b\u91cc\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u91cd\u65b0\u9677\u4e8e\u52a8\u4e71\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u6293\u4f4f\u5386\u53f2\u673a\u9047\uff0c\u62ff\u51fa\u5b9e\u9645\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4e3b\u52a8\u987a\u5e94\u6d69\u8361\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u6c11\u4e3b\u6f6e\u6d41\uff0c\u56de\u5e94\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5bf9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u96c6\u6743\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u8fdb\u884c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u6539\u9769\u3002\u5fc5\u987b\u771f\u6539\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5047\u6539\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6267\u653f\u515a\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e24\u5c4a\u515a\u4ee3\u4f1a\u671f\u95f4\u5185\u8d77\u6b65\uff0c\u575a\u51b3\u3001\u8ba4\u771f\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6577\u884d\u5730\u63a8\u8fdb\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5411\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u8f6c\u578b\uff0c\u4efb\u51ed\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5c40\u9762\u7ee7\u7eed\u7cdc\u70c2\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u53d1\u751f\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u6781\u5927\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\uff08\u76f8\u5173\u7b80\u4ecb\uff1a\u5434\u4f1f\uff0c\u524d\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u7814\u7a76\u5458\uff0c\u66fe\u53c2\u52a01980\u5e74\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7814\u8ba8\u548c\u5b9e\u65bd\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u6458\u81ea\u4f5c\u8005\u65b0\u8fd1\u7531\u9999\u6e2f\u65b0\u4e16\u7eaa\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd80\u5e74\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u7684\u53f0\u524d\u5e55\u540e\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u672c\u520a\u6b64\u6b21\u53d1\u8868\u65f6\u6709\u6539\u52a8\u3002\uff09<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[1]\u5b97\u51e4\u9e23\uff1a\u300a\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u8f6f\u7981\u4e2d\u7684\u8c08\u8bdd\u300b\uff0c\u5f00\u653e\u51fa\u7248\u793e2007\u5e741\u6708\u7248\uff0c\u5e8f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[2]\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684“\u6539\u9769\u8def\u7ebf”\u4e00\u8bcd\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u4e2d\u5171\u4ee5\u4f4f\u7684“\u4e24\u6761\u8def\u7ebf\u6597\u4e89”\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u66f4\u786e\u5207\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u53eb\u505a“\u6539\u9769\u8def\u5f84”\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[3]\u53c2\u89c1\u672c\u4e66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\u7b2c3\u8282\uff1a\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u5750\u4e0d\u4f4f\u4e86\uff1a“\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u4e0d\u6539\u4e0d\u884c”\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[4]\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\uff1a\u300a\u6539\u9769\u5386\u7a0b\u300b\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u65b0\u4e16\u7eaa\u51fa\u7248\u793e2009\u5e745\u6708\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c271\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[5]\u53c2\u89c1\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\uff1a\u300a\u6539\u9769\u5386\u7a0b\u300b\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u65b0\u4e16\u7eaa\u51fa\u7248\u793e2009\u5e745\u6708\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c292\uff0d293\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[6]\u53c2\u89c1\u300a\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u6587\u9009\u300b\u7b2c\u4e09\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c176\uff0d180\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[7]\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\uff1a\u300a\u6539\u9769\u5386\u7a0b\u300b\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u65b0\u4e16\u7eaa\u51fa\u7248\u793e2009\u5e745\u6708\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c276\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[8]\u4ee5\u4e0a\u53c2\u89c1\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\uff1a\u300a\u6539\u9769\u5386\u7a0b\u300b\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u65b0\u4e16\u7eaa\u51fa\u7248\u793e2009\u5e745\u6708\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c274\uff0d276\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[9]\u674e\u6e58\u9c81\uff0c1980\u5e74\u81f31987\u5e74\u4efb\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u79d8\u4e66\u3002\u6b64\u540e\u8d74\u7f8e\u56fd\u7559\u5b66\u30021989\u7684\u521d\u56de\u56fd\u4efb\u4e2d\u4fe1\u56fd\u9645\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u7ecf\u5546\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[10]\u674e\u6e58\u9c81\uff1a\u300a\u5fae\u65af\u4eba\uff0c\u543e\u8c01\u4e0e\u5f52\uff1f——\u8ffd\u5fc6\u7d2b\u9633\u300b\uff0c\u7f51\u6587\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[11]\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\uff1a\u300a\u6539\u9769\u5386\u7a0b\u300b\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u65b0\u4e16\u7eaa\u51fa\u7248\u793e2009\u5e745\u6708\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c296\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[12]\u300a\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u6587\u9009\u300b\u7b2c\u4e09\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c177\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[13]\u4ee5\u4e0a\u53c2\u89c1\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\uff1a\u300a\u6cbf\u7740\u6709\u4e2d\u56fd\u7279\u8272\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u9053\u8def\u524d\u8fdb——\u5728\u4e2d\u5171\u5341\u4e09\u5927\u4e0a\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u300b\uff0c1987\u5e7410\u670825\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[14]\u300a\u674e\u9e4f\u516d\u56db\u65e5\u8bb0\u300b2004\u5e74\u5f81\u6c42\u610f\u89c1\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c118\uff0d119\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[15]\u53c2\u89c1\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\uff1a\u300a\u6539\u9769\u5386\u7a0b\u300b\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u65b0\u4e16\u7eaa\u51fa\u7248\u793e2009\u5e745\u6708\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c275\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[16]\u6210\u4e5f\u8427\u4f55\uff0c\u8d25\u4e5f\u8427\u4f55\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6210\u8bed\u3002\u8427\u4f55\uff0c\u6c49\u9ad8\u7956\u5218\u90a6(\u516c\u5143\u524d256\uff5e\u524d195)\u7684\u4e1e\u76f8\u3002\u97e9\u4fe1\u7ecf\u8427\u4f55\u4e3e\u8350\u88ab\u5218\u90a6\u4efb\u4e3a\u5927\u5c06\u519b\uff0c\u4e3a\u6c49\u671d\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u7acb\u4e0b\u5f88\u5927\u529f\u52b3\uff1b\u5218\u90a6\u62c5\u5fc3\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u767e\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u653f\u6743\u65c1\u843d\uff0c\u8427\u4f55\u53c8\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u9664\u53bb\u97e9\u4fe1\u3002\u6545\u5b8b\u4ee3\u6d2a\u8fc8\u7684\u300a\u5bb9\u658b\u7eed\u7b14·\u8427\u4f55\u7ed0\u97e9\u4fe1\u300b\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a“\u4fe1\u4e4b\u4e3a\u5927\u5c06\u519b\uff0c\u5b9e\u8427\u4f55\u6240\u8350\uff0c\u4eca\u5176\u6b7b\u4e5f\uff0c\u53c8\u51fa\u5176\u8c0b\uff0c\u6545\u4fda\u8bed\u6709‘\u6210\u4e5f\u8427\u4f55\uff0c\u8d25\u4e5f\u8427\u4f55’\u4e4b\u8bed\u3002”\u6bd4\u55bb\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u6210\u529f\u548c\u5931\u8d25\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u9020\u6210\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[17]\u53c2\u89c1\u672c\u4e66\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8282\uff1a“\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7684‘\u5de6\u53f3\u4e92\u535a’”\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[18]\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\uff1a\u300a\u6539\u9769\u5386\u7a0b\u300b\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u65b0\u4e16\u7eaa\u51fa\u7248\u793e2009\u5e745\u6708\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c281\u3001277\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[19]\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\uff1a\u300a\u6539\u9769\u5386\u7a0b\u300b\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u65b0\u4e16\u7eaa\u51fa\u7248\u793e2009\u5e745\u6708\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c281\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[20]\u6768\u7ee7\u7ef3\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6539\u9769\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6597\u4e89\u300b\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u5929\u5730\u56fe\u4e66\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f82010\u5e7412\u6708\u4fee\u8ba2\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c547\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[21]\u6768\u767d\u51b0\uff081920\uff0d\uff09\uff1a\u539f\u540d\u6768\u5c1a\u6b63\uff0c\u91cd\u5e86\u6f7c\u5357\u4eba\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u519b\u65b9\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5c06\u9886\uff0c\u524d\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3001\u4e2d\u592e\u519b\u59d4\u5e38\u52a1\u526f\u4e3b\u5e2d\u6768\u5c1a\u6606\u7684\u5f1f\u5f1f\u30021988\u5e74\u88ab\u6388\u4e0a\u5c06\u519b\u8854\u3002\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5171\u7b2c\u5341\u4e09\u5c4a\u4e2d\u592e\u59d4\u5458\u3001\u4e2d\u592e\u4e66\u8bb0\u5904\u4e66\u8bb0\uff0c\u7b2c\u5341\u56db\u5c4a\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u59d4\u5458\u3001\u4e2d\u592e\u519b\u59d4\u59d4\u5458\u3002\u66fe\u4e3b\u6301\u4e2d\u592e\u519b\u59d4\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u62c5\u4efb\u8fc7\u4e2d\u592e\u519b\u59d4\u79d8\u4e66\u957f\u517c\u603b\u653f\u6cbb\u90e8\u4e3b\u4efb\u7b49\u804c\u3002\u4e0e\u4e3b\u6301\u4e2d\u592e\u519b\u59d4\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u6768\u5c1a\u6606\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a“\u6768\u5bb6\u5c06”\u30021992\u5e74\u521d\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u5357\u5de1\uff0c\u6768\u767d\u51b0\u66fe\u7ecf\u63d0\u51fa“\u4e3a\u6539\u9769\u4fdd\u9a7e\u62a4\u822a”\u3002\u540e\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6b32\u67b6\u7a7a\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u519b\u59d4\u4e3b\u5e2d\u6c5f\u6cfd\u6c11\u3002\u540e\u88ab\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u4e0b\u4ee4\u89e3\u9664\u5177\u4f53\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u519b\u59d4\u59d4\u5458\u804c\u52a1\u30021993\u5e74\uff0c\u6768\u767d\u51b0\u6b63\u5f0f\u9000\u5f79\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e45\u540e\u9000\u4f11\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[22]\u53c2\u89c1\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\uff1a\u300a\u6539\u9769\u5386\u7a0b\u300b\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u65b0\u4e16\u7eaa\u51fa\u7248\u793e2009\u5e745\u6708\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c49\uff0d50\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[23]\u53c2\u89c1\u6768\u7ee7\u7ef3\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6539\u9769\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6597\u4e89\u300b\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u5929\u5730\u56fe\u4e66\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f82010\u5e7412\u6708\u4fee\u8ba2\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c548\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[24]\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\uff1a\u300a\u6539\u9769\u5386\u7a0b\u300b\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u65b0\u4e16\u7eaa\u51fa\u7248\u793e2009\u5e745\u6708\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c68\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[25]\u300a\u674e\u9e4f\u516d\u56db\u65e5\u8bb0\u300b2004\u5e74\u5f81\u6c42\u610f\u89c1\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c178\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[26]\u9c8d\u5f64\u5728\u540e\u6765\u4e0e\u7b14\u8005\u4ea4\u8c08\u65f6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u5728\u80e1\u8000\u90a6\u8ffd\u60bc\u4f1a\u540e\u53bb\u671d\u9c9c\u7684\u884c\u7a0b\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f4\u670820\u65e5\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u5411\u9093\u6c47\u62a5\u65f6\uff0c\u9093\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5c1a\u65e0\u5176\u4ed6\u8d44\u6599\u4f50\u8bc1\uff0c\u6682\u4e14\u5b58\u7591\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[27]\u53c2\u89c1\u672c\u4e66\u7b2c\u5341\u4e8c\u7ae0\u7b2c2\u8282\uff0c“\u52a8\u4e71\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76”\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[28]\u53c2\u89c1\u672c\u4e66\u7b2c\u5341\u4e8c\u7ae0\u7b2c5\u8282\uff0c“\u5c0f\u8230\u961f”\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u4ece\u4f55\u800c\u6765\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[29]\u53c2\u89c1\u300a\u674e\u9e4f\u516d\u56db\u65e5\u8bb0\u300b2004\u5e74\u5f81\u6c42\u610f\u89c1\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c61\u300164\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[30]\u53c2\u89c1\u8521\u6587\u5f6c\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u5728\u56db\u5ddd\u300b\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u65b0\u4e16\u7eaa\u51fa\u7248\u793e2011\u5e744\u6708\u51fa\u7248\uff1b\u5f20\u535a\u6811\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u7684\u9053\u8def\u300b\uff0c\u6668\u949f\u4e66\u5c402011\u5e746\u6708\u7248\uff0c\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[31]\u53c2\u89c1\u7c73\u9e64\u90fd\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u5171\u5341\u4e09\u5927\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6559\u8bad\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u708e\u9ec4\u6625\u79cb\u300b2012\u5e74\u7b2c6\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c28\uff0d31\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[32]\u300a\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7406\u8bba\u5168\u4e66\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u515a\u6821\u51fa\u7248\u793e1998\u5e742\u6708\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c181\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[33]\u7c73\u9e64\u90fd\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u5171\u5341\u4e09\u5927\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6559\u8bad\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u708e\u9ec4\u6625\u79cb\u300b2012\u5e74\u7b2c6\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c30\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[34]\u53c2\u89c1\u7c73\u9e64\u90fd\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u5171\u5341\u4e09\u5927\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6559\u8bad\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u708e\u9ec4\u6625\u79cb\u300b2012\u5e74\u7b2c6\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c29\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[35]\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\uff1a\u300a\u6539\u9769\u5386\u7a0b\u300b\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u65b0\u4e16\u7eaa\u51fa\u7248\u793e2009\u5e745\u6708\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c296\u3001297\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[36]\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\uff1a\u300a\u6539\u9769\u5386\u7a0b\u300b\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u65b0\u4e16\u7eaa\u51fa\u7248\u793e2009\u5e745\u6708\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c298\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[37]\u675c\u5bfc\u6b63\uff1a\u300a\u675c\u5bfc\u6b63\u65e5\u8bb0——\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u8fd8\u8bf4\u8fc7\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u300b\uff0c\u5929\u5730\u51fa\u7248\u793e2010\u5e741\u6708\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c178\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[38]\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\uff1a\u300a\u6539\u9769\u5386\u7a0b\u300b\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u65b0\u4e16\u7eaa\u51fa\u7248\u793e2009\u5e745\u6708\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c298\uff0d299\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[39]\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\uff1a\u300a\u5173\u4e8e‘\u516d\u56db’\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u81ea\u8fa9\u53d1\u8a00\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u6539\u9769\u5386\u7a0b\u300b\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u65b0\u4e16\u7eaa\u51fa\u7248\u793e2009\u5e745\u6708\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c367\uff0d368\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[40]\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\uff1a\u300a\u6539\u9769\u5386\u7a0b\u300b\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u65b0\u4e16\u7eaa\u51fa\u7248\u793e2009\u5e745\u6708\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c299\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[41]\u53c2\u89c1\u8363\u5251\uff1a\u300a\u6539\u9769\u548c\u9769\u547d\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f55\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9——\u57282012\u6e05\u534e\u6cd5\u653f\u54f2\u5b66\u8bba\u575b\u4e0a\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\u300b\uff0c\u89c12012\u5e7410\u670831\u65e5\u300a\u5171\u8bc6\u7f51\u300b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[42]\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\uff1a\u300a\u5728\u9996\u90fd\u5404\u754c\u7eaa\u5ff5\u73b0\u884c\u5baa\u6cd5\u65bd\u884c30\u5468\u5e74\u5927\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u8bb2\u8bdd\u300b\uff0c2012\u5e7412\u67084\u65e5\u65b0\u534e\u7f51\u3002<\/span>
<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u66fe\u7ecf\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u4e00\u6b21\u7531\u6267\u653f\u515a\u4e3b\u6301\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u53d1\u8d77\u8005\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u515a\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\uff0c\u800c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34302","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-thought","et-doesnt-have-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34302","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=34302"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34302\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=34302"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=34302"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=34302"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}