{"id":35596,"date":"2013-09-06T22:21:00","date_gmt":"2013-09-06T22:21:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:10081\/?p=35596 "},"modified":"2013-09-06T22:21:00","modified_gmt":"2013-09-06T22:21:00","slug":"35596-revision-v1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/?p=35596","title":{"rendered":"\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u68a6"},"content":{"rendered":"

1893<\/font><\/span>\u5e74<\/span>4<\/font><\/span>\u6708<\/span>14<\/font><\/span>\u65e5\uff0c\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u56db\u5ddd\u5408\u5ddd\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d2b\u82e6\u4e4b\u5bb6\uff0c<\/span>18<\/font><\/span>\u5c81\u53c2\u52a0\u4fdd\u8def\u8fd0\u52a8\u8d70\u4e0a\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u540e<\/span>41<\/font><\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u751f\u6daf\u91cc\uff0c\u6210\u5c31\u4e86\u8bf8\u591a\u5229\u5728\u5f53\u4ee3\u529f\u5728\u5343\u79cb\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eca\u4eba\u4e5f\u53f9\u4e3a\u89c2\u6b62\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u8fd9\u90fd\u6e90\u81ea\u4ed6\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u68a6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u8fdc\u58ee\u9614\u3001\u7eda\u4e3d\u591a\u5f69\u7684\u68a6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7f\u8d8a\u65f6\u7a7a\u3001\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u63a5\u8f68\u7684\u68a6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f03\u3001\u751f\u6b7b\u76f8\u4f9d\u7684\u68a6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u526f\u5176\u5b9e\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u68a6\uff01<\/span><\/em><\/p>\r\n

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        <\/font><\/span><\/span>\u7ecf\u6d4e\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6c34\u51c6\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u6c11\u751f\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1b<\/span><\/em><\/p>\r\n

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        \u6587\u5316\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6559\u80b2\u666e\u53ca\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u6587\u5316\u6c34\u51c6\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f7f\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e09\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<\/em><\/span>[4]<\/font><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\r\n

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\u5728\u4ee5\u5317\u789a\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u4e61\u6751\u5efa\u8bbe\u8bd5\u9a8c\u533a\uff0c\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u57f9\u8bad\u548c\u7387\u9886\u4e00\u6279\u613f\u610f“\u5fd8\u6389\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u4ee5\u521b\u9020\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a”\u7684\u9752\u5e74\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u571f\u532a\u51fa\u6ca1\u3001\u6c11\u4e0d\u804a\u751f\u4e4b\u5730\uff0c“\u5e03\u7f6e\u6210\u529f\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u6e38\u89c8\u7684\u533a\u57df”<\/em><\/span>[9]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/span><\/a>\uff0c<\/span>“\u7ecf\u8425\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u707f\u70c2\u7f8e\u5999\u7684\u4e50\u571f\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u56db\u5468\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u90fd\u7ecf\u8425\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u90fd\u6210\u4e3a\u707f\u70c2\u7f8e\u5999\u7684\u4e50\u571f”<\/span><\/em>[10]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/span><\/a>\u3002<\/span>\u9ec4\u708e\u57f9<\/span>1936<\/font><\/span>\u5e74\u5230\u8bbf\u5317\u789a\uff0c\u4eb2\u773c\u89c1\u5230\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a“<\/span>\u628a\u5730\u65b9\u6240\u6709\u6587\u5316\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u536b\u751f\u5404\u9879\u4e8b\u4e1a\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e0a\u51e0\u5e74\u5efa\u8bbe\u5f97\u5e94\u6709\u5c3d\u6709<\/span>……”\u4e0d\u7531\u8d5e\u53f9\uff1a“\u4e0e\u5176\u8bf4\u56e0\u5730\u7075\u800c\u4eba\u6770\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5982\u8bf4\u56e0\u4eba\u6770\u800c\u5730\u7075\u5427\u3002”<\/span><\/em>[11]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/span><\/a> <\/span>1948\u5e742\u6708\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6559\u79d1\u6587\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c06\u5317\u789a\u5b9a\u4e3a“\u57fa\u672c\u6559\u80b2\u5b9e\u9a8c\u533a”\u3002<\/em><\/font><\/font><\/span>[12]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/span><\/a>\u9676\u884c\u77e5\u9884\u8a00\uff1a<\/span>“\u5317\u789a\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe……\u53ef\u8c13\u5c06\u6765\u5982\u4f55\u5efa\u8bbe\u65b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7f29\u5f71\u3002”<\/span><\/em>[13]<\/font><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\r\n

 <\/em><\/p>\r\n

1925<\/font><\/span>\u5e74\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u6c11\u751f\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u662f\u6c11\u56fd\u65f6\u4ee3\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u80a1\u4efd\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4f0a\u59cb\u516c\u53f8\u7ae0\u7a0b\u5c31\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u4efb\u4e00\u80a1\u4e1c\u65e0\u8bba\u62e5\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u80a1\u4efd\uff0c\u6700\u591a\u53ea\u6709\u4e8c\u5341\u80a1\u80a1\u6743\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u88ab\u5927\u80a1\u4e1c\u64cd\u63a7\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u8fd8\u8ba9\u5458\u5de5\u4eab\u6709\u80a1\u4efd\u548c\u5206\u7ea2\uff1a“<\/span>\u6c11\u751f\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5362\u5148\u751f\u662f\u603b\u7ecf\u7406\uff0c\u5458\u5de5\u5171\u6709\u516d\u5343\u591a\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6bcf\u5e74\u5206\u7ea2\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u628a\u516d\u5343\u591a\u4eba\u5206\u505a\u4e94\u7ea7\uff0c\u4e0d\u95ee\u804c\u4f4d\u9ad8\u4f4e\uff0c\u85aa\u6c34\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u4f46\u6309\u4ed6\u52b3\u9038\u548c\u529f\u8fc7\uff0c\u5217\u5165\u67d0\u7ea7\uff0c\u5982\u7cfb\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ea7\uff0c\u5e94\u5f97\u82b1\u7ea2\u82e5\u5e72\uff0c\u603b\u7ecf\u7406\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6c34\u624b\u4ec6\u5f79\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u53bb\u5e74\u5362\u5148\u751f\u5206\u7ea2\u5f97\u56db\u5341\u4e5d\u5143\u51e0\u89d2\uff0c\u5217\u5165\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ea7\u7684\u6c34\u624b\u4ec6\u5f79\u6bcf\u4eba\u6240\u5f97\u4e5f\u662f\u56db\u5341\u4e5d\u5143\u51e0\u89d2\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5b9e\u884c\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u6015\u6c11\u751f\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u627e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u516c\u53f8\u5427\uff01<\/span>”<\/span><\/em>[14]<\/font><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\r\n

 <\/em><\/p>\r\n

\u6c11\u751f\u516c\u53f8\u4ee5“\u670d\u52a1\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u4fbf\u5229\u4eba\u7fa4\uff1b\u5f00\u53d1\u4ea7\u4e1a\uff0c\u5bcc\u5f3a\u56fd\u5bb6”\u4e3a\u5b97\u65e8\uff0c\u5728\u77ed\u77ed\u4e8c\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u7531\u4e00\u8258\u8f7d\u91cd<\/span>70<\/font><\/span>\u5428\u7684\u5c0f\u5ba2\u8f6e\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u5230<\/span>140<\/font><\/span>\u591a\u8258\u6c5f\u6d77\u8f6e\u8239\uff0c\u4f9d\u9760\u4f18\u8d28\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u6c11\u4f17\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u4e0e\u5217\u5f3a\u8f6e\u8239\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u8fd8\u72ec\u8d44\u6216\u5408\u8d44\u521b\u529e\u4e86\u4e03\u5341\u591a\u4e2a\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u5176\u7f14\u9020\u548c\u57f9\u690d\u7684\u4ee5<\/span> <\/font><\/span>“\u6c11\u751f\u7cbe\u795e”\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8d5e\u8a89\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u6709\u5fd7\u9752\u5e74\u53d7\u5230\u611f\u53ec\uff0c\u7eb7\u7eb7\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u6c11\u751f\u4eba\u4e3a\u8363\uff0c<\/span><\/font>\u5317\u5927\u8457\u540d\u6559\u6388\u6768\u8f9b\u4fbf\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4f4d\u3002<\/span>\u5f53\u4ee3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u5389\u4ee5\u5b81\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff1a“<\/span>\u6c11\u751f\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u6587\u5316\u5efa\u8bbe\u7ed9\u793e\u4f1a\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u8d22\u5bcc\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u88ab\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u3002<\/span>”<\/span><\/em>[15]<\/font><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\r\n

 <\/em><\/p>\r\n

\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u68a6\uff0c\u662f\u5c06“‘\u9b54\u7a9f’\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a‘\u6843\u6e90’”\uff0c<\/strong> <\/font>\u628a“‘\u5929\u5e9c’\u9020\u6210‘\u5929\u56fd’”<\/strong><\/em><\/span>[16]<\/em><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/span><\/a>\uff0c\u8ba9\u4eba\u6c11\u8fc7\u4e0a\u5e78\u798f\u6587\u660e\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/em><\/p>\r\n

\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a“\u7ae5\u5e74\u65f6\uff0c\u5bb6\u8d2b\u7a77\uff0c\u7a7f\u5403\u90fd\u5c11\u6709\uff0c\u4ed6\u603b\u662f\u72ec\u81ea\u4e00\u8fb9\u5403\u5b6c\u7684\u996d\uff0c\u518d\u4e0d\u773c\u671b\u7740\u5927\u4eba\u3002”<\/em><\/span>[17]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/span><\/a>\u5c0f\u5b66\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4ed6\u56e0\u5bb6\u8d2b\u800c\u8f8d\u5b66\uff0c\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u505a\u6843\u7247\u8865\u8d34\u5bb6\u7528\u3002<\/span>15<\/font><\/span>\u3001<\/span>6<\/font><\/span>\u5c81\u5728\u6210\u90fd\u5408\u5ddd\u4f1a\u9986\u81ea\u5b66\uff0c\u62db\u6536\u4e86\u51e0\u540d\u8865\u4e60\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u6536\u53d6\u7684\u5b66\u8d39\u9664\u4e86\u81ea\u7528\u90fd\u5bc4\u7ed9\u5bb6\u91cc\u3002\u8d2b\u56f0\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u78e8\u7ec3\u4e86\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\uff0c\u4e5f\u50ac\u751f\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u5bcc\u6c11\u4e4b\u68a6\u3002<\/span><\/em><\/p>\r\n

 <\/em><\/p>\r\n

\u51e1\u662f\u5f53\u5e74\u5728\u5317\u789a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u533a\u4f4f\u8fc7\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u90fd\u5bf9\u5317\u789a\u7684\u6587\u660e\u5bcc\u5eb6\u8bb0\u5fc6\u72b9\u65b0\uff1a“\u4e3a\u4e86\u4eba\u4eba\u90fd\u5065\u5eb7\uff0c\u5317\u789a\u5f53\u5c40\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c<\/span>\u6bcf\u4eba\u6bcf\u6b21\u53ea\u80fd\u4e70\u4e8c\u4e24\u732a\u809d\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6709\u7684\u4e70\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u4e70\u4e0d\u5230\u3002”<\/span>“\u5317\u789a\u4eba\u5728\u5168\u56db\u5ddd\u6700\u5148\u5403\u5230\u9999\u8549\u3001\u897f\u7ea2\u67ff\u3002”<\/span>\u53f0\u6e7e\u4f5c\u5bb6\u4eae\u8f69\u5199\u9053\uff1a<\/span>“<\/span>2007<\/font><\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u5230\u5317\u789a\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u5f53\u5e74\u6211\u7684\u51fa\u751f\u5730\u3002\u66f4\u65e9\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u662f\u4e2a\u76d7\u532a\u51fa\u6ca1\u4e4b\u5730\uff0c\u5374\u56e0\u4e3a\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u5efa\u8bbe\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e95\u7136\u6709\u5e8f\u3001\u82b1\u56ed\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u6211\u5f88\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u51fa\u751f\u5730\u800c\u81ea\u8c6a\u3002”<\/span><\/em>[18]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/span><\/a>\u66fe\u5728\u5317\u789a\u5ea6\u8fc7\u5c11\u513f\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5468\u6cf0\u745b\u8001\u4eba<\/span>\u8bf4\uff1a“<\/span>\u5317\u789a\u5728\u6211\u5370\u8c61\u4e2d\u5c31\u50cf\u4eba\u95f4\u5929\u5802\uff0c\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u611f\u60c5\u5f88\u6df1\u3001\u5f88\u7eaf\u6d01\uff0c\u5c0f\u65f6\u5019\u5728\u5317\u789a\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u6211\u7684\u4e00\u751f\u3002<\/span>”<\/span><\/em><\/p>\r\n

 <\/em><\/p>\r\n

\u51e0\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u4e00\u5bf9\u5916\u5730\u592b\u5987\u6155\u540d\u5230\u5317\u789a\u65c5\u6e38\uff0c\u5411\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u95ee\u8def\uff1a“\u8fd8\u8981\u8d70\u591a\u4e45\u624d\u80fd\u8d70\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u516c\u56ed\uff1f”\u539f\u6765\u4ed6\u4eec\u628a\u5317\u789a\u57ce\u533a\u5f53\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u5ea7\u5927\u516c\u56ed\u3002“\u613f\u4eba\u4eba\u7686\u4e3a\u56ed\u827a\u5bb6\uff0c\u5c06\u4e16\u754c\u9020\u6210\u82b1\u56ed\u4e00\u6837”\u6b63\u662f\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u68a6\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002“<\/span>\u51e1\u6709\u5e02\u573a\u5fc5\u6709\u516c\u56ed\uff0c\u51e1\u6709\u5c71\u6c34\u96c4\u80dc\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5fc5\u6709\u516c\u56ed\uff0c\u51e1\u6709\u8302\u6797\u4fee\u7af9\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5fc5\u6709\u516c\u56ed\uff0c\u51e1\u6709\u6e29\u6cc9\u6216\u98de\u7011\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5fc5\u6709\u516c\u56ed\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u5c71\u95f4\u3001\u6c34\u95f4\u6709\u8fd9\u8bb8\u591a\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u7f8e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u52a0\u4ee5\u4eba\u4e3a\u7684\u5e03\u7f6e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e38\u89c8\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u8fd9\u4fbf\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u521d\u60ac\u7740\u7684\u7406\u60f3——<\/span>\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u3002”<\/span><\/em>[19]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/span><\/a>\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5317\u789a\u57ce\u533a\u50cf\u4e2a\u5927\u516c\u56ed\uff0c\u57ce\u5185\u8fd8\u6709\u7cbe\u5de7\u522b\u81f4\u7684\u5e73\u6c11\u516c\u56ed\uff0c\u57ce\u90ca\u8fd8\u6709\u7f8e\u4e3d\u5982\u753b\u7684\u6e29\u6cc9\u516c\u56ed\u3001\u9edb\u6e56\u516c\u56ed\u548c\u7f19\u4e91\u5c71\u73cd\u7a00\u690d\u7269\u56ed\u3002\u7530\u6c49<\/span>1940\u5e74\u590f\u5230\u5317\u789a\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c\u4e0e\u8d75\u6e05\u9601\u7b49\u53cb\u4eba\u540c\u6e38\u6e29\u6cc9\u516c\u56ed\u7f19\u4e91\u5c71\u5bfa\uff0c\u4f3c\u89c9“\u5510\u4ee3\u753b\u5bb6\u5609\u9675\u4e09\u767e\u91cc\u753b\u5377\u91cd\u5c55\u773c\u5e18”\uff0c\u5373\u8d4b\u300a\u767b\u7f19\u4e91\u5c71\u8d60\u8d75\u6e05\u9601\u300b\u8bd7\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u516c\u56ed\u90fd\u5411\u666e\u901a\u6c11\u4f17\u5f00\u653e\u3002<\/span>1929<\/font><\/span>\u5e74<\/span>6<\/font><\/span>\u6708\u300a\u5609\u9675\u6c5f\u65e5\u62a5\u300b\u6240\u8f7d\u6e29\u6cc9\u516c\u56ed\u7684\u6536\u8d39\u6807\u51c6\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c“\u51e1\u56ed\u4e2d\u4e00\u5207\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u4e8e\u540c\u65f6\u540c\u5730\uff0c\u4e3a\u4f17\u4eba\u6240\u5171\u4eab\u8005\uff0c\u5747\u4e0d\u5f81\u8d39\uff0c\u6545\u4e0d\u552e\u95e8\u7968\uff0c\u4efb\u4eba\u89c2\u89c8”\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709“\u4e0d\u53d6\u8d39\u4e4b\u6d74\u6c60\u6570\u5904”\u3002<\/span><\/em><\/p>\r\n

 <\/em><\/p>\r\n

\u6c11\u751f\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u804c\u5de5\u5bbf\u820d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5904\u5904\u662f\u82b1\u56ed\u3002<\/span>\u5c0f\u65f6\u5019\u5728\u91cd\u5e86\u5357\u5cb8\u6c11\u751f\u65b0\u6751\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684<\/span>\u674e\u90a6<\/span>\u757f\u6559\u6388\u56de\u5fc6\uff1a“<\/span>\u6211\u5bb6\u95e8\u524d\u6709\u4e00\u68f5\u5927\u7684\u68a7\u6850\u6811\uff0c\u4e1c\u5934\u6709\u4e00\u7247\u7af9\u7bf1\u56f4\u7740\u7684\u8349\u5730\u3002\u5468\u8fb9\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u82b1\u8349\uff0c\u7528\u4e07\u5e74\u9752\u704c\u6728\u4e1b\u6811\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u56f4\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u6211\u5bb6\u82b1\u56ed\u6bd4\u8f83\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u90bb\u5c45\u548c\u8def\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u4ece\u82b1\u56ed\u4e2d\u7a7f\u8fc7\u3002\u82b1\u56ed\u7684\u4e0a\u65b9\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5927\u7684\u8377\u82b1\u6c60\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u5e74\u6625\u5929\u5927\u96e8\uff0c\u8377\u82b1\u6c60\u7684\u6c34\u6f2b\u4e86\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u9c7c\u513f\u968f\u6c34\u6d41\u51b2\u5230\u82b1\u56ed\u7684\u8349\u5730\u4e0a\uff0c\u6d3b\u8e66\u4e71\u8df3\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u559c\u4e0d\u5df1\u3002”<\/span><\/em>[20]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/span><\/a>\u4f4d\u4e8e\u91cd\u5e86\u6c5f\u5317\u9752\u8349\u575d\u7684\u6c11\u751f\u673a\u5668\u5382\u804c\u5de5\u5bbf\u820d\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f<\/span>\u4e00\u5e74\u56db\u5b63\u6709\u8349\u5e38\u9752\uff0c\u6709\u6811\u5e38\u7eff\uff0c\u6709\u82b1\u76db\u5f00\u3002<\/span><\/em><\/p>\r\n

 <\/em><\/p>\r\n

\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u7684\u5bcc\u6c11\u68a6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u4e3b\u5f20\uff1a“\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u9884\u5907\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f9d\u8d56\u7740\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5de5\u4f5c\u5230\u8001\uff0c\u4e0d\u81f3\u4e8e\u6709\u804c\u4e1a\u7684\u6050\u614c\uff0c\u5982\u5176\u8001\u5230\u4e0d\u80fd\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e86\uff0c\u5219\u9000\u4f11\u540e\u6709\u517b\u8001\u91d1\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u95f4\u6b7b\u4ea1\u6709\u629a\u6064\u91d1<\/span>……”<\/span><\/em>[21]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/span><\/a>\u54ea\u6015\u5728\u70ae\u706b\u7eb7\u98de\u7684\u6297\u6218\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u6c11\u751f\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u798f\u5229\u4e5f\u7edd\u4e0d\u82df\u4e14\uff1a<\/span>“\u9664\u4f18\u7ed9\u85aa\u8d44\u5916\uff0c\u5e76\u52a0\u7ed9\u751f\u6d3b\u6d25\u8d34\uff0c\u98df\u7c73\u6d25\u8d34\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u9879\u5956\u91d1\u7279\u916c”\uff0c\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b“\u5219\u6709\u6d88\u8d39\u5408\u4f5c\u793e\u4e3a\u4e4b\u4f9b\u7ed9\u7c73\u6cb9\u76d0\u67f4\u70ad”\uff0c“\u4e00\u5207\u65e5\u7528\u54c1\uff0c\u5747\u62df\u4ee5\u5ec9\u4ef7\u4f9b\u7ed9”\uff1b\u5b69\u5b50\u6559\u80b2\uff0c“\u5219\u6709\u804c\u5de5\u5b50\u5f1f\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u514d\u8d39\u6536\u7eb3\u804c\u5de5\u5b50\u5f1f\u5c31\u5b66”\uff1b\u5de5\u5382\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u5458\u5de5\u533b\u7597\uff0c“\u5747\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u4e4b\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u751f\u6d3b\u5b89\u8c27\u4e4b\u5730\u6b65”<\/span><\/em>[22]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/span><\/a>\u3002<\/em><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/em><\/p>\r\n

 <\/em><\/p>\r\n

 <\/em><\/p>\r\n

\u5728\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u65cf\u6700\u5371\u9669\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u68a6\u662f\u4e3a\u6c11\u65cf\u590d\u5174\u505a\u597d\u51c6\u5907\u3002<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\r\n

\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u8eab\u540e\u66fe\u4e0e\u4e16\u9694\u7edd\u8fd1\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u91cd\u56de\u516c\u4f17\u89c6\u91ce\u540e\uff0c\u4e3a\u4eba\u6240\u77e5\u6700\u591a\u7684\u662f\u6307\u6325“\u5b9c\u660c\u5927\u64a4\u9000”\u3002<\/span>“\u4e2d\u5916\u6218\u4e89\u53f2\u4e0a\u53ea\u6b64\u4e00\u4f8b”<\/span><\/em>[23]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/span><\/a>\u7684<\/span>\u5b9c\u660c\u5927\u64a4\u9000\uff0c\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u68a6\u6700\u8f89\u714c\u3001\u6700\u60b2\u58ee\u7684\u7bc7\u7ae0\uff0c\u4f46\u9c9c\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ee5\u5929\u4e0b\u5174\u4ea1\u4e3a\u5df1\u4efb\u7684\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\uff0c\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u5929\u7684\u5230\u6765\u65e9\u5c31\u505a\u597d\u4e86\u5145\u5206\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u548c\u7269\u8d28\u51c6\u5907<\/span>\u3002<\/font><\/span><\/em><\/p>\r\n

 <\/em><\/p>\r\n

1930<\/font><\/span>\u5e74\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u7387\u961f\u53bb\u4e1c\u5317\u8003\u5bdf\uff0c\u5728\u6089\u5fc3\u5b66\u4e60\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u76ee\u7779“<\/span>\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u5728\u4e1c\u5317\u4e4b\u6240\u4f5c\u4e3a\uff0c\u624d\u61ac\u7136\u4e8e\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u4e4b\u5904\u5fc3\u79ef\u8651\uff0c\u624d\u4e8e\u5904\u5fc3\u79ef\u8651\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u6709\u4e86\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u624d\u77e5\u6240\u8c13\u4e1c\u5317\u95ee\u9898\u8005\u5341\u5206\u7d27\u8feb\uff0c\u56fd\u4eba\u8fd8\u61f5\u61f5\u7136\u672a\u77e5\uff0c\u672a\u8c0b\u6240\u4ee5\u5e94\u4ed8\u4e4b\u3002”<\/span>“<\/span>\u6839\u672c\u6709\u4e3a\u662f\u9700\u8981\u529e\u6cd5\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u9700\u8981\u6574\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u9700\u8981\u6df1\u8c0b\u8fdc\u8651\uff0c\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u7684\u3002”<\/span><\/em>[24]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/span><\/a>\u4e0d\u7b49\u56fd\u5bb6\u62ff\u51fa\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u7387\u5148\u6295\u5165\u4e86\u6297\u6218\u7684\u51c6\u5907\uff0c\u5e08\u5937\u4eba\u4e4b\u957f\u6280\u800c\u540e\u5236\u5937\uff0c\u7565\u4e3e\u6570\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\u3002<\/em><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/em><\/p>\r\n

\u6210\u7acb\u4e1c\u5317\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76\u4f1a<\/strong>\u3002\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u5728\u5f20\u4f2f\u82d3\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e8e<\/span>1931<\/font><\/span>\u5e74<\/span>9<\/font><\/span>\u6708<\/span>23<\/font><\/span>\u65e5<\/span>\u5728\u5317\u789a\u53d1\u8d77\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u4e1c\u5317\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76\u4f1a\u3002<\/span>\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u66fe\u81f4\u51fd\u5f20\u4f2f\u82d3\uff1a“\u53bb\u590f\u8fc7\u6d25\u53c2\u89c2\uff0c\u5f97\u6089\u8d35\u6821\u6709\u4e1c\u5317\u7814\u7a76\u4f1a\u4e4b\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u65e5\u6ee1\u8499\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fe9\u8005\u4e1c\u5317\u5931\u9677\uff0c\u6df1\u4f69\u543e\u5144\u8fdc\u8bc6\u3002\u800c\u56fd\u4eba\u72b9\u7eb7\u4e89\u79bb\u6790\uff0c\u66f7\u80dc\u6168\u53f9\uff01”\u4fe1\u4e2d\u8fd8\u63d0\u5230\uff1a“\u655d\u5c40\u540c\u4eba\u9877\u4ea6\u8c28\u6548\u6b65\u8d8b\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e1c\u5317\u5404\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6df1\u82e6\u6750\u6599\u96be\u89c5\uff0c\u62df\u8bf7\u5148\u5c06\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5f97\u68c0\u8d50\u4e00\u4efd\uff0c\u4ffe\u4f5c\u53c2\u8003\uff0c\u5e76\u7948\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7814\u7a76\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8d2d\u4e70\u3002\u6b64\u540e\u7814\u7a76\u5982\u6709\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u66f4\u76fc\u6307\u5bfc\u3002\u518d\u8d35\u6821\u6240\u51fa\u5357\u5f00\u6821\u520a\uff0c\u4ea6\u76fc\u60e0\u8d60\u5168\u4efd\uff0c\u501f\u89c2\u52cb\u4e1a\u3002”<\/span><\/em>[25]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/span><\/a> <\/span><\/span>1931\u5e7411\u6708\u9996\u6b21\u53d1\u884c\u7684\u300a\u4e1c\u5317\u6e38\u8bb0\u300b\uff0c\u9644\u6709\u8fd1170\u79cd\u6709\u5173\u4e1c\u5317\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u56fe\u4e66\u76ee\u5f55<\/span><\/font><\/font>\u3002\u81ea\u6b64<\/span>“<\/span>……\u6bcf\u665a\u90fd\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u7537\u5973\u9752\u5e74\u670b\u53cb\u5728\u8bfb\u4e66\uff0c\u5317\u789a\u5e02\u4e2d\u5b66\u6821\u56ed\u9053\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f53\u80b2\u573a\u95f4\uff0c\u4e00\u5230\u665a\u4e0a\u516b\u70b9\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u968f\u5904\u78b0\u5230\u624b\u91cc\u62ff\u7740\u4e66\u672c\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6c11\u4f17\u5b66\u6821\u591c\u5b66\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u7814\u7a76\u4e1c\u5317\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5ce1\u5c40\u804c\u5458\u3002\u4ece\u6765\u5ce1\u5c40\u6587\u5316\u4e8b\u4e1a\u83ab\u6709\u89c1\u8fc7\u5982\u6b64\u7684\u5174\u76db\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u665a\u95f4\u3002”<\/span><\/em>[26]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/span><\/a>\u7814\u7a76\u4f1a\u4e3a\u5927\u540e\u65b9\u4eba\u6c11\u4e86\u89e3\u4e1c\u5317\u5f62\u52bf\uff0c\u8b66\u60d5\u65e5\u672c\u519b\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4fb5\u534e\u91ce\u5fc3\uff0c\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/em><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/em><\/p>\r\n

\u52a0\u5feb\u7edf\u4e00\u5ddd\u6c5f\u822a\u8fd0\u548c\u5317\u789a\u5efa\u8bbe<\/strong>\u3002\u4e1c\u5317\u8003\u5bdf\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6c11\u751f\u516c\u53f8\u53ea\u6709\u4e09\u6761\u8239\u3002\u8003\u5bdf\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u5229\u7528\u5408\u5e76\u3001\u6536\u8d2d\u3001\u5165\u80a1\u3001\u4ee3\u7406\u7b49\u7ecf\u6d4e\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u52a0\u901f\u6574\u5408\u5ddd\u6c5f\u6c11\u8425\u822a\u8fd0\uff0c<\/span>5\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6c11\u751f\u516c\u53f8\u5927\u5c0f\u8f6e\u8239\u8fbe\u523040\u8258\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5b9c\u660c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8f6e\u8239\u516c\u53f8\u3002<\/span>1933<\/font><\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u5728\u6c11\u751f\u516c\u53f8\u6bcb\u5fd8“\u4e5d\u4e00\u516b”\u4e8b\u53d8\u4e24\u5468\u5e74\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u516c\u53f8\u5168\u4f53\u804c\u5de5“\u5e94\u4f5c\u6709\u8840\u6027\u6709\u809d\u80c6\u7684\u7537\u513f”\uff0c“\u4e8e\u503c\u5f97\u727a\u7272\u65f6\u4e0d\u60dc\u727a\u7272”<\/span><\/em>[27]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/span><\/a>\u3002\u6c11\u751f\u516c\u53f8\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c06\u300a\u4e49\u52c7\u519b\u8fdb\u884c\u66f2\u300b\u704c\u5236\u6210\u5531\u7247\uff0c\u5728\u8f6e\u8239\u4e0a\u64ad\u653e\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06“\u68a6\u5bd0\u6bcb\u5fd8\u56fd\u5bb6\u5927\u96be\uff0c\u4f5c\u606f\u5747\u6709\u4eba\u7fa4\u81f3\u4e50”\u7684\u5bf9\u8054\u5370\u5728\u8239\u5458\u7684\u5e8a\u5355\u4e0a\u3002\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u8fd8\u63d0\u65e9\u505a\u597d\u4e86\u6297\u6218\u8fd0\u8f93\u7684\u6cb9\u6599\u3001\u5668\u6750\u7b49\u6218\u7565\u7269\u8d44\u51c6\u5907\u3002<\/em><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/em><\/p>\r\n

\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u52a0\u5feb\u4e86\u5317\u789a\u5ce1\u533a\u7684\u5404\u9879\u5efa\u8bbe\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u79d1\u6559\u6587\u5316\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\u548c\u5b8c\u5584\u3002<\/span>\u4e2d\u56fd\u897f\u90e8\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u3001\u535a\u7269\u9986\u3001\u517c\u5584\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u5317\u5ddd\u94c1\u8def\u7b49\u8bbe\u65bd\u76f8\u7ee7\u5efa\u6210\u3002<\/span>\u5728\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u79ef\u6781\u5021\u8bae\u63a8\u52a8\u4e0b\uff0c<\/span>1933<\/font><\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u793e\u5e74\u4f1a\u5728\u5317\u789a\u6e29\u6cc9\u516c\u56ed\u53ec\u5f00\uff0c<\/span>\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5b66\u672f\u56e2\u4f53\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5728\u56db\u5ddd\u5f00\u5e74\u4f1a\uff0c\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u4efb\u5e74\u4f1a\u4f1a\u957f\u3002<\/span>\u8fd9\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u53ec\u5f00\uff0c<\/span>\u5bf9\u6297\u6218\u7206\u53d1\u540e\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5185\u8fc1\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u610f\u4e49<\/span><\/em>[28]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/span><\/a>\uff0c<\/span>\u5bf9\u5317\u789a\u3001\u91cd\u5e86\u4e43\u81f3\u56db\u5ddd\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u6587\u6559\u4e8b\u4e1a\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e5f\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6df1\u8fdc\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6297\u6218\u65f6\u671f\uff0c<\/span>\u5317\u789a\u5212\u4e3a\u8fc1\u5efa\u533a\u3002\u5148\u540e<\/span>\u6709<\/span>\u4e24\u767e\u591a\u4e2a<\/span>\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u5173\u3001\u79d1\u6559\u6587\u536b<\/span>\u5355\u4f4d\u6d8c\u8fdb\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u82b1\u56ed\u822c\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u57ce\u9547\u3002\u5404\u754c\u4e13\u5bb6\u3001\u5b66\u8005\u3001\u4f5c\u5bb6\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5171\u8ba13000\u591a\u4eba\uff0c<\/span>\u4e5f<\/span>\u5148\u540e\u843d\u6237\u5317\u789a<\/span>\uff0c\u4e3a\u5b58\u4ea1\u7ee7\u7edd\u800c\u6559\u4e66\u80b2\u4eba\uff0c\u8457\u4e66\u7acb\u8bf4<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/em><\/p>\r\n

 <\/em><\/p>\r\n

\u4fc3\u6210\u5ddd\u7701\u548c\u5e73\u53ca\u519b\u653f\u5f52\u5c5e\u4e2d\u592e<\/strong>\u3002\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u7d20\u6765\u53cd\u5bf9\u4ee5\u66b4\u529b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ee4“\u5df2\u6210\u4e4b\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u52bf\u529b\u63a8\u5012\u4ed6\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u52bf\u529b”<\/em><\/span>[29]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/span><\/a>\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u70b8\u5f39\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u5c0f\uff0c\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u5927\uff0c“\u770b\u89c1\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u770b\u4e0d\u89c1\u7684\u624d\u662f\u529b\u91cf\u3002”<\/span> <\/font><\/span><\/em>[30]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/span><\/a>\u5f3a\u8c03“<\/span>\u5fc5\u9700\u4ee5\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u4f5c\u7834\u574f\u7684\u524d\u950b\uff0c\u5efa\u8bbe\u5230\u4f55\u5904\uff0c\u624d\u7834\u574f\u5230\u4f55\u5904\u3002”<\/span>“\u7834\u574f\u7684\u5b9e\u529b\u662f\u5efa\u8bbe\uff0c\u7edd\u4e0d\u662f\u67aa\u70ae\uff0c\u4ea6\u4e0d\u662f\u519b\u961f\u3002”<\/span><\/em>[31]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/span><\/a>\u6545\u4e00\u76f4\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5316\u89e3\u5ddd\u7701\u5404\u519b\u9600\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u8c0b\u6c42\u5f00\u5c55\u5efa\u8bbe\u7ade\u8d5b\u7684\u65b0\u5c40\u9762\u3002<\/span>1931\u5e746\u67082\u65e5\uff0c\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u8054\u5408\u91cd\u5e86\u5404\u754c\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u4fc3\u8bf7\u56db\u5ddd\u519b\u9600\u4e09\u5de8\u5934\u5218\u6e58\u3001\u6768\u68ee\u3001\u5218\u6587\u8f89\u4e3e\u884c\u4e86\u4e09\u519b\u957f\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u7ed3\u675f\u56db\u5ddd\u5185\u6218\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5ddd\u653f\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u4ed6\u7279\u5730\u4e3a\u4f1a\u8bae\u51c6\u5907\u4e86\u300a\u56db\u5ddd\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u300b<\/span><\/em>[32]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/span><\/a>\u5c0f\u518c\u5b50\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bae\u88ab\u91cd\u5e86\u5404\u754c\u89c6\u4e3a\u7eff\u8272\u548c\u5e73\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u4e3a\u56db\u5ddd\u6d88\u5f2d\u519b\u9600\u6df7\u6218\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u5e73\u5c40\u9762\u5e76\u8fdb\u800c\u5c06\u519b\u653f\u5f52\u5c5e\u4e2d\u592e\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u79ef\u6781\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span>1937<\/font><\/span>\u5e74<\/span>3\u6708\uff0c\u5218\u6e58\u59d4\u6d3e\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u4e0e\u56db\u5ddd\u7701\u653f\u5e9c\u79d8\u4e66\u957f\u9093\u6c49\u7965\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u5230\u5357\u4eac\u8c12\u89c1\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\uff0c\u5546\u5b9a\u56db\u5ddd“\u519b\u961f\u56fd\u5bb6\u5316\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u7edf\u4e00\u5316”\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/em>[33]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/span><\/a>\u8fd9\u4e00\u91cd\u5927\u4e3e\u63aa\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5236\u6b62\u4e86\u4e2d\u592e\u519b\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u519b\u7684\u4e00\u573a\u6076\u6218\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u5ddd\u519b\u8d70\u4e0a\u6297\u65e5\u524d\u7ebf\u7acb\u4e0b\u8d6b\u8d6b\u6218\u529f\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/em><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/em><\/p>\r\n

\u8ba9\u56db\u5ddd\u6210\u4e3a“\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u57fa\u5730”<\/em><\/strong><\/span>[34]<\/em><\/strong><\/font><\/span><\/span><\/a>\u3002<\/strong>1935<\/font><\/span>\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u53d7\u547d\u51fa\u4efb<\/span>\u56db\u5ddd\u7701\u5efa\u8bbe\u5385\u5385\u957f\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u65bd\u653f\u7eb2\u9886\u662f\uff1a“<\/span>1\u3001\u8c03\u67e5\u77ff\u4ea7\u3001\u68ee\u6797\u3001\u5de5\u5546\u3001\u519c\u4e1a\uff1b2\u3001\u6d4b\u91cf\u6c34\u5229\u3001\u519c\u7530\u3001\u8352\u5730\u7b49\uff1b3\u3001\u4e0e\u4e2d\u592e\u5404\u673a\u5173\u6216\u56db\u5ddd\u5927\u5b66\u5408\u4f5c\u8fdb\u884c\u519c\u4e1a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u3001\u8695\u6851\u8bd5\u9a8c\u3001\u5bb6\u755c\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff1b4\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u79d1\u5b66\u5316\u3001\u6709\u6548\u8c03\u5242\u4e30\u6b49\u3001\u6539\u8fdb\u5de5\u4e1a\u3002”<\/span><\/em>[35]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/span><\/a>\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u4e3b\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u7518\u8517\u8bd5\u9a8c\u573a\u3001\u7a3b\u9ea6\u8bd5\u9a8c\u573a\uff0c\u5bb6\u755c\u4fdd\u517b\u6240\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u6797\u573a\u3001\u5ce8\u7709\u6797\u4e1a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u573a\u3001\u68c9\u4f5c\u7269\u8bd5\u9a8c\u573a\u3001\u8695\u4e1d\u6539\u826f\u573a\u3001\u519c\u6797\u690d\u7269\u75c5\u866b\u5bb3\u9632\u6cbb\u6240\u3001\u56ed\u827a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u573a\u7b49<\/span>9\u4e2a\u7701\u7ea7\u519c\u4e8b\u7814\u7a76\u673a\u6784\u3002\u5bf9\u56db\u5ddd\u51fa\u53e3\u751f\u4ea7\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7c73\u7cae\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u51fa\u53e3\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e86\u7edf\u5236\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u6539\u826f\u751f\u4ea7\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u56fd\u9645\u4fe1\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63aa\u65bd\u5bf9\u63d0\u9ad8\u56db\u5ddd\u519c\u6797\u7267\u5404\u4e1a\u4ea7\u91cf\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6709\u5173\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4fdd\u969c\u6218\u65f6\u6240\u9700\u548c\u6218\u540e\u5efa\u8bbe\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u4e00\u4f4d\u89e3\u653e\u524d\u5915\u968f\u7236\u5165\u5ddd\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u540c\u5fd7\u5bf9\u7b14\u8005\u8bf4\uff1a“\u6211\u4eec\u5230\u56db\u5ddd\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u90a3\u91cc\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u5f88\u5bcc\u88d5\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u8138\u4e0a\u90fd\u6d0b\u6ea2\u7740\u707f\u70c2\u7684\u7b11\u5bb9\u3002”<\/span><\/em><\/p>\r\n

 <\/em><\/p>\r\n

\u9ad8\u5c4b\u5efa\u74f4\uff0c\u5168\u5c40\u5728\u80f8<\/strong>\u3002<\/span>1936\u5e747\u67083\u65e5\uff0c\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u7ed9\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u5199\u4e86\u300a\u5982\u4f55\u5e94\u4ed8\u5f53\u524d\u4e4b\u56fd\u96be\u4e0e\u654c\u4eba\u300b<\/span><\/em>[36]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/span><\/a>\u7684\u4fe1\uff0c\u4ed6<\/span>\u7ad9\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u7acb\u573a\u4e0a\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u968f\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u541e\u566c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7d27\u8feb\u5f62\u52bf\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5f53\u653f\u8005\u5c3d\u6700\u5927\u52aa\u529b\u505a\u597d\u53cd\u4fb5\u7565\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u5404\u9879\u51c6\u5907\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u597d\u5185\u653f\u5916\u4ea4\u3001\u519b\u4e8b\u4ea4\u901a\u3001\u4e2d\u592e\u5730\u65b9\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u6c11\u95f4\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d22\u653f\u548c\u6587\u5316\u6559\u80b2\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5168\u56fd\u7edf\u4e00\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u575a\u6301\u957f\u671f\u6297\u6218\uff0c\u4e89\u53d6\u56fd\u9645\u652f\u6301\u3002\u540e\u6765\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u6309\u6b64\u6587\u9884\u89c1\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/em><\/p>\r\n

 <\/em><\/p>\r\n

1937\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u5e94\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u7535\u53ec\uff0c\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u98de\u62b5\u6b66\u6c49\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5218\u6e58\u8fdb\u5448\u5efa\u8bbe\u65b0\u56db\u5ddd\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u3002\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u6b64\u884c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u547d\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u8f9e\u53bb\u56db\u5ddd\u7701\u5efa\u8bbe\u5385\u957f\u804c\u52a1\uff0c\u5230\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u5efa\u7ecf\u6d4e\u90e8\u95e8\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\u4ed6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e86\u8d74\u6b27\u8003\u5bdf\u56e2\uff0c\u5176\u6210\u5458\u90fd\u5c06\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u90e8\u95e8\u4efb\u804c\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u821e\u53f0\u7b49\u7740\u4ed6\u53bb\u5b9e\u73b0\u6c11\u65cf\u590d\u5174\u4e4b\u68a6\u3002\u5b70\u6599<\/span>\u6297\u6218\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u7acb\u5373\u653e\u5f03\u6b27\u6d32\u4e4b\u884c\uff0c\u8f6c\u800c\u7387\u9886\u8bad\u7ec3\u6709\u7d20\u7684\u6c11\u751f\u516c\u53f8\u8239\u961f\uff0c\u628a\u5173\u4e4e\u56fd\u5bb6\u6c11\u65cf\u5b58\u4ea1\u7684\u5ddd\u519b\u5c06\u58eb\u3001\u6b66\u5668\u5f39\u836f\u8fd0\u5f80\u524d\u7ebf\uff0c\u5c06\u4e1c\u90e8\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5de5\u5382\u3001\u673a\u5173\u3001\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u79d1\u7814\u673a\u6784\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u7cbe\u82f1\u548c\u96be\u6c11\u64a4\u8fd0\u5230\u540e\u65b9\u3002<\/span>1944\u5e7410\u6708\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u5728\u8d74\u7f8e\u51fa\u5e2d\u56fd\u9645\u901a\u5546\u4f1a\u524d\u5915\uff0c\u5199\u4e86\u300a\u6218\u540e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7a76\u5e94\u5982\u4f55\u5efa\u8bbe\u300b<\/span><\/em>[37]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/span><\/a>\u4e00\u6587\uff0c\u6d0b\u6d0b\u4e24\u4e07\u4f59\u5b57\uff0c\u8be6\u5c3d\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u6218\u540e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\u84dd\u56fe\uff0c\u4ed6\u6073\u5207\u5730\u547c\u5401\uff1a“\u5728\u6297\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5373\u5f53\u5f00\u59cb\u5efa\u8bbe\uff0c\u6297\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u81ea\u5373\u65e5\u8d77\uff0c\u5373\u5f53\u5f00\u59cb\u51c6\u5907\u3002”<\/em><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/em><\/p>\r\n

\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u8d74\u7f8e\u540e\u9a6c\u4e0d\u505c\u8e44\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u90a3\u91cc\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u3001\u6c34\u5229\u3001\u6e2f\u53e3\u5efa\u8bbe\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f8e\u52a0\u7684\u8239\u8236\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\uff0c\u4e24\u5e74\u540e\u4fbf\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u8ba2\u9020\u4e86<\/span>9\u8258\u4e16\u754c\u4e00\u6d41\u5ba2\u8d27\u8f6e\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6\u5b59\u6069\u4e09\u66fe\u611f\u53f9\uff1a<\/span>“\u5728\u4ed6\u65b0\u8239\u7684\u5934\u7b49\u8231\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u60dc\u4ece\u8bbe\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\uff08\u82f1\uff09\u8fdb\u53e3\u5200\u53c9\u9910\u5177\uff0c\u4ece\u67cf\u6797\u8fdb\u53e3\u9676\u5668\uff0c\u4ece\u5e03\u62c9\u683c\u8fdb\u53e3\u73bb\u7483\u5668\u76bf\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9910\u684c\u4e0a\uff0c\u5374\u53ea\u653e\u7740\u51e0\u53ea\u666e\u901a\u7684\u7897\u548c\u7b77\u5b50\u3002”<\/span><\/em>[38]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/span><\/a>\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a<\/span>\u76fc\u671b\u5438\u5f15\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u6765\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u5730\u770b\u770b\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c“\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u6015\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u6765\uff0c\u66f4\u6b22\u8fce\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u591a\u6765\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u4e00\u5207\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5404\u79cd\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u660e\u6bd4\u8f83\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\u90fd\u591a\u6765\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u867d\u7136\u8fd8\u672a\u628a\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b66\u4f1a\u3001\u5b66\u597d\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u523b\u82e6\u7684\u3001\u52e4\u594b\u7684\u3001\u6709\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u603b\u662f\u5728\u5f80\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u9762\u5b66\uff0c\u5f80\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u9762\u53d8\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8bc1\u660e\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b66\u5f97\u597d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5f97\u597d\u7684\u3002”<\/span><\/em>[39]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/span><\/a>\u800c\u5f53\u65f6\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u516c\u8def\u3001\u94c1\u8def\u3001\u822a\u7a7a\u8fd0\u8f93\u90fd\u5f88\u4e0d\u53d1\u8fbe\uff0c\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u6240\u80fd\u4e3a\u5916\u56fd\u5ba2\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u4fbf\u5229\u5feb\u6377\u8212\u9002\u7684\u822a\u8fd0\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/span>\u4e3a\u4e86\u62b5\u5236\u56fd\u6709\u8d44\u672c\u501f\u673a\u6ce8\u8d44\u63a7\u80a1\uff0c<\/span>\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a<\/span>\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u653f\u5e9c\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u5411\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u94f6\u884c\u8d37\u6b3e\u9020\u8239\u3002\u8fd9\u6279\u65b0\u8239\u8fde\u540c\u6c11\u751f\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u6d77\u5916\u8239\u8236\u5171\u8ba1<\/span>19\u8258\u5168\u90e8\u56de\u5f52\u7956\u56fd\u3002<\/span><\/em><\/p>\r\n

 <\/em><\/p>\r\n

1950\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u548c\u65f6\u4efb\u4ea4\u901a\u90e8\u957f\u7ae0\u4f2f\u94a7\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u6c11\u751f\u516c\u53f8\u516c\u79c1\u5408\u8425\u534f\u8bae\u3002“\u6700\u521d\uff0c\u5362\u5148\u751f\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u516c\u79c1\u5408\u8425\u548c\u515a\u7684\u516c\u79c1\u5408\u8425\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5362\u5148\u751f\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u653f\u5e9c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u516c\u80a1\uff0c\u6295\u8d44\u6c11\u751f\u516c\u53f8\u4ee5\u4f7f\u4e4b\u6e21\u8fc7\u96be\u5173\u3002\u516c\u80a1\u4ee3\u8868\u53ea\u662f\u53c2\u52a0\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u53c2\u52a0\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u884c\u653f\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u515a\u540c\u610f\u516c\u79c1\u5408\u8425\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u8981\u5c06\u6c11\u751f\u516c\u53f8\u8fd9\u8258\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u8f6e\u8239\u5f15\u5165\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u822a\u9053\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u516c\u65b9\u4ee3\u8868\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53c2\u52a0\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8981\u8d77\u9886\u5bfc\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5f7b\u5e95\u6539\u9769\u6c11\u751f\u516c\u53f8\u3002”<\/em><\/span>[40]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/span><\/a>\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u548c\u4eba\u751f\u8d70\u5230\u4e86\u5c3d\u5934\u3002<\/em><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/em><\/p>\r\n

“\u6211\u4eec\u89c9\u5f97\u590d\u5174\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u65cf\u53ea\u6709\u8fd9\u4e00\u6761\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u8fd0\u7528\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6bd4\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u4efb\u4f55\u6587\u660e\u6c11\u65cf\u66f4\u80fd\u6291\u5236\u81ea\u5df1\u3001\u727a\u7272\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u5efa\u8bbe\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u96c6\u56e2\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u660e\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c79\u7acb\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u3002”<\/em><\/span>[41]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/span><\/a>\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u7528\u6bd5\u751f\u7684\u594b\u6597\u628a\u4ed6\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u68a6\u53d8\u6210\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a“\u5c0f\u81f3\u4e8e\u4e61\u6751\u5927\u81f3\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u7684\u53c2\u8003”<\/em><\/span>[42]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/span><\/a>\u3002<\/em><\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/em><\/p>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n\r\n
\r\n

[1]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/a> <\/span>\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u4e09\u5f1f\u5362\u5c14\u52e4\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\uff0c\u5362\u56fd\u6a21\u8bb0\u5f55\u6574\u7406\u3002<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[2]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/a> <\/span>\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\uff1a\u300a\u4ece\u56db\u4e2a\u8fd0\u52a8\u505a\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u7edf\u4e00\u300b\uff08<\/span>1934\u5e74<\/span>1\u6708\uff09\uff0c\u51cc\u8000\u4f26\u3001\u718a\u752b\u7f16\u300a\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u6587\u96c6\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e<\/span>2012\u5e74\u7248\uff08\u4e0b\u540c\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[3]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/a> <\/span>\u51cc\u8000\u4f26\uff1a\u300a\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u6587\u96c6·\u524d\u8a00\u300b\u3002<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[4]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/a> <\/span>\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\uff1a\u300a\u8bba\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u540e\u5efa\u8bbe\u300b\u3002<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[5]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/a> <\/span>\u5f20\u5141\u4faf\u7b49\u7f16\u8457\uff1a\u300a\u4e94\u56db\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u793e\u56e2\u300b\uff0c\u4e09\u8054\u51fa\u7248\u793e1979\u5e744\u6708\u7b2c1\u7248\uff08\u4e0b\u540c\uff09\u3002<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/p><\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[6]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/a> <\/span>\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\uff1a\u300a\u8bba\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u540e\u5efa\u8bbe\u300b\u3002<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[7]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/a> <\/span>\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\uff1a\u300a\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u53ca\u5176\u5fc5\u5faa\u7684\u9053\u8def\u300b\u3002<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[8]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/a> <\/span>\u5434\u6d2a\u6210\u7b49\uff1a\u300a\u6559\u80b2\u5f00\u53d1\u897f\u5357——\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u4e0e\u601d\u60f3\u300b\uff0c\u91cd\u5e86\u51fa\u7248\u793e<\/span>2006\u5e74\u7248\uff08\u4e0b\u540c\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[9]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/a> <\/span>\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\uff1a\u300a\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u53ca\u5176\u5fc5\u5faa\u7684\u9053\u8def\u300b\u3002<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[10]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/a> <\/span>\u91cd\u5e86\u5317\u789a\u533a\u653f\u534f\u6587\u53f2\u8d44\u6599\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7f16\u5370\uff1a\u300a\u5317\u789a\u5f00\u62d3\u8005\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u300b\u3002<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[11]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/a> <\/span>\u9ec4\u708e\u57f9\uff1a\u300a\u8700\u9053·\u8700\u6e38\u767e\u65e5\u8bb0\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u5f00\u660e\u4e66\u5e971936\u5e748\u6708\uff08\u4e0b\u540c\uff09\u3002<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/p><\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[12]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/a> <\/span>\u5434\u6d2a\u6210\u7b49\uff1a\u300a\u6559\u80b2\u5f00\u53d1\u897f\u5357\u300b\u3002<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[13]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/a> <\/span>\u9676\u884c\u77e5\uff1a\u300a\u5728\u5317\u789a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u533a\u7f72\u7eaa\u5ff5\u5468\u5927\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u8bb2\u6f14\u300b\u3002<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[14]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/a> <\/span>\u9ec4\u708e\u57f9\uff1a\u300a\u8700\u9053·\u8700\u6e38\u767e\u65e5\u8bb0\u300b\u3002<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/p><\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[15]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/a> <\/span>\u5389\u4ee5\u5b81\uff1a\u300a\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u6587\u96c6<\/span>·\u5e8f\u300b\u3002<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[16]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/a> <\/span>\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u793e\u6765\u56db\u5ddd\u5f00\u5e74\u4f1a\u4ee5\u540e\u300b\u3002<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[17]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/a> <\/span>\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u4e09\u5f1f\u5362\u5c14\u52e4\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u3002<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[18]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/a> <\/span>\u4eae\u8f69\uff1a\u300a\u98d8\u96f6\u4e00\u5bb6\u300b\uff0c\u5e7f\u897f\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e<\/span>2012\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[19]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/a> <\/span>\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\uff1a\u300a\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u53ca\u5176\u5fc5\u5faa\u7684\u9053\u8def\u300b\u3002<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[20]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/a> <\/span>\u674e\u90a6<\/span>\u757f\uff1a\u300a\u6297\u6218\u4e2d\u7684\u6c11\u751f\u65b0\u6751\u300b\u3002<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[21]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/a> <\/span>\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\uff1a\u300a\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u53ca\u5176\u5fc5\u5faa\u7684\u9053\u8def\u300b\u3002<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[22]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/a> <\/span>\u5468\u8302\u67cf<\/span>\uff1a<\/span>\u300a\u6297\u6218\u7b2c\u516d\u5e74\u4e4b\u6c11\u751f\u673a\u5668\u5382\u300b<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[23]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/a> <\/span>\u4e2d\u592e\u7535\u89c6\u53f0\u4e13\u9898\u7247\u300a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u300b\u4e4b\u300a\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a·<\/span>1938\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u4e8e\u5d14\u5c79\u5e73\u4e3b\u7f16\u300a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u300b\uff0c\u534e\u827a\u51fa\u7248\u793e<\/span>2001\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[24]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/a> <\/span>\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\uff1a\u300a\u4e1c\u5317\u6e38\u8bb0\u300b\u3002<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[25]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/a> <\/span>\u5f20\u5b88\u5e7f\uff1a\u300a\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u5e74\u8c31\u300b\uff0c\u91cd\u5e86\u51fa\u7248\u793e<\/span>2005\u5e74<\/span>8\u6708\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[26]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/a> <\/span>\u300a\u5317\u789a\u665a\u4e0a\u8e0a\u8dc3\u7740\u8bfb\u4e66\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5609\u9675\u6c5f\u65e5\u62a5\u300b1931\u5e7411\u670822\u65e5\u3002<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/p><\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[27]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/a> <\/span>\u6731\u590d\u80dc\uff1a\u300a\u5b9c\u660c\u5927\u64a4\u9000\u56fe\u6587\u5fd7\u300b\u3002<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[28]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/a> <\/span>\u5f20\u5b88\u5e7f\uff1a\u300a\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u5e74\u8c31\u300b\u3002<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[29]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/a> <\/span>\u5f20\u5141\u4faf\u7b49\u7f16\u8457\uff1a\u300a\u4e94\u56db\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u793e\u56e2\u300b\u3002<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/p><\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[30]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/a> <\/span>\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\uff1a\u300a\u8fd9\u624d\u662f\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u300b\u3002<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[31]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/a> <\/span>\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\uff1a<\/span>\u300a\u56db\u5ddd\u4eba\u7684\u5927\u68a6\u5176\u9192\u300b<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[32]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/a> <\/span>\u5df2\u6536\u5165\u300a\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u6587\u96c6\u300b\u3002<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[33]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/a> <\/span>\u5f20\u5b88\u5e7f\uff1a\u300a\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u5e74\u8c31\u300b\u3002<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[34]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/a> <\/span>\u540c\u540d\u6587\u7ae0\u5df2\u6536\u5165\u300a\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u6587\u96c6\u300b\u3002<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[35]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/a> <\/span>\u5f20\u5b88\u5e7f\uff1a\u300a\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u5e74\u8c31\u300b\u3002<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[36]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/a> <\/span>\u5df2\u6536\u5165\u300a\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u6587\u96c6\u300b\u3002<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[37]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/a> <\/span>\u540e\u6539\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u300a\u8bba\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u540e\u5efa\u8bbe\u300b\uff0c\u5df2\u6536\u5165\u300a\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u6587\u96c6\u300b\u3002<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[38]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/a> <\/span>\u5b59\u6069\u5c71\uff1a\u300a\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u957f\u6c5f\u8239\u961f\u300b\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u300a<\/span>Asia and Ameriea’s <\/span>\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\uff0c<\/span>1944\u5e74<\/span>6\u6708\u53f7\u3002<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div>\r\n

\r\n

[39]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/a> <\/span>\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\uff1a\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u4ea4\u5f80\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5efa\u8bbe\u300b\u3002<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div>\r\n

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[40]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/a> <\/span>\u5218\u60e0\u519c\uff1a\u300a\u56de\u5fc6\u6c11\u751f\u8f6e\u8239\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u516c\u79c1\u5408\u8425\u300b\uff0c\u51cc\u8000\u4f26\u3001\u5468\u6c38\u6797\u4e3b\u7f16\u300a\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\u8ffd\u601d\u5f55\u300b\uff0c\u91cd\u5e86\u51fa\u7248\u793e<\/span>2001\u5e74<\/span>10\u6708\u7b2c<\/span>1\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div>\r\n

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[41]<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/a> <\/span>\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u300b\uff0c<\/span>\u4e0a\u6d77\u751f\u6d3b\u4e66\u5e97\uff0c<\/span>1935\u5e74<\/span>3\u6708\u3002<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div>\r\n

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[42]<\/em><\/font><\/span><\/a> <\/span>\u5362\u4f5c\u5b5a\uff1a\u300a\u56db\u5ddd\u5609\u9675\u6c5f\u4e09\u5ce1\u7684\u4e61\u6751\u8fd0\u52a8\u300b\u3002<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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