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        \u6839\u636e\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u5df2\u7ecf\u6323\u8131\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u5929\u7136\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8110\u5e26\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u5f0f\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u611f\u53d7\u7740\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u548c\u5feb\u4e50\uff0c\u8981\u8868\u8fbe\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\uff0c\u8ffd\u6c42\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6b32\u6c42\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u6839\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u5929\u7136\u5177\u6709\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u6743\u5229\u201d(natural rights)\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u4e4b\u6e90\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u8fd9\u79cd\u7eaf\u7cb9\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u3001\u6b32\u6c42 \u3001\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u6743\u5229\u4e2d\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u63a8\u6f14\u51fa\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u5229\u548c\u4e49\u52a1\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u63a8\u6f14\u51fa\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u8303\u56f4\u3002 \ue004<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
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        \u7531\u970d\u5e03\u65af\u548c\u6d1b\u514b\u5960\u5b9a\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u601d\u7ef4\u6a21\u5f0f\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u4e16\u7eaa\u3002\u523018 \u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u5728\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6545\u4e61\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u8fb9\u6c81\u9996\u5148\u8d77\u6765\u7f6e\u7591\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u72b6\u6001\u201d\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u6765\uff0c17\u201418\u4e16\u7eaa\u4eba\u4eec\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53e3\u5934\u7985\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u72b6\u6001\u201d\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u5b50\u865a\u4e4c\u6709\u3002\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u6743\u5229\u201d\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u7684\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u4f46\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u6743\u5229 \u201d\u672c\u8eab\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u6240\u4eab\u6709\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u6743\u5229\u662f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e4b\u5b50\uff0c\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d4b\u4e88\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u6743\u5229 \u201d\u5374\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u65e0\u7236\u4e4b\u5b50\u201d\u3002<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
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        \u9762\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u6765\u6e90\u8bf4\u4e0d\u6e05\u51fa\u8eab\u7684\u201c\u65e0\u7236\u4e4b\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4eec\u611f\u5230\u5341\u5206\u7a98\u8feb\u96be\u582a\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7cbe\u795e\u6e17\u5165\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u8003\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u89d2\u843d\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u820d\u5f03\u4e86\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u72b6\u6001\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u5f62\u5f0f \uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u4ece\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u4eba\u201d\u548c\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u6743\u5229\u201d\u51fa\u53d1\u6765\u6784\u601d\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u653e\u5f03\u6700\u521d\u7531\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u72b6\u6001\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u6240\u4f53\u73b0\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u53d6\u5411\u7684\u8fd0\u601d\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7531\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u4eba\u201d\u548c\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u6743\u5229\u201d\u6240\u627f\u8f7d\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u7cbe\u795e\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8d8a\u8fc7\u4e86\u201c\u65e0\u7236\u4e4b\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u865a\u6784\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u4e2a\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\u3001\u5e78\u798f\u3001\u6743\u5229\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u7b49\u51fa\u53d1\u8ba8\u8bba\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u3002<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
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        18\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u6cd5\u56fd\u5927\u9769\u547d\u7684\u8ff7\u72c2\u4e0e\u55a7\u56a3\uff0c\u51b7\u9759\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u6d2a\u5821\u5df2\u7ecf\u6d1e\u5bdf\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8d8b\u5411\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u4eba\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u76ee\u6807\u6f20\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\uff0c\u529b\u56fe\u628a\u4eba\u53d8\u6210\u201c\u673a\u5668\u201d\uff0c\u671f\u671b\u4e2a\u4eba\u5b8c\u5168\u5f7b\u5e95\u5730\u8ba4\u540c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e2a\u4eba\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u3001\u6beb\u65e0\u72ec\u7acb\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u62b5\u5236\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u5411\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u662f\u6d2a\u5821\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u8bf4\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u3002\u5728\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a\u201c\u5fb7\u56fd\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u5927\u5baa\u7ae0\u201d\u7684\u300a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f00\u7bc7\u5c31\u70b9\u7834\u4e3b\u9898\uff1a\u4ed6\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u662f\u201c\u6574\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u6784\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u6709\u4f55\u9650\u5236\u201d\u3002[6]\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b66\u8bf4\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u57fa\u7840\u5728\u6d2a\u5821\u90a3\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u5730\u8868\u8ff0\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u524d\u63d0\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u9690\u542b\u5728\u4ed6\u6574\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u3002\u8d2f\u7a7f\u4e8e\u6d2a\u5821\u5173\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u53ca\u5176\u9650\u5236\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u8bba\u8ff0\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4fb5\u72af\u548c\u59a8\u788d\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u6743\u5229\u3002<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
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        19\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u6cd5\u56fd\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u8d21\u65af\u5f53\u4e5f\u628a\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u8bf4\u7684\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u3002\u4ed6\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u201c\u4e2a\u4eba\u72ec\u7acb\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u9700\u8981\u201d\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u662f\u201c\u60df\u4e00\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u201c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u81ea\u7531\u201d\u3002[7]\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u7531\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u5fc5\u987b\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u62e5\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4fb5\u72af\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6743\u5229\u7684\u6743\u529b\u90fd\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3002\u201d[8]\u5728\u786e\u8ba4\u4e86\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u6743\u5229\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u8d21\u65af\u5f53\u518d\u53bb\u63a2\u8ba8\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u754c\u9650\u3002<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
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        \u8fb9\u6c81\u548cJ.\u5bc6\u5c14\u63d0\u51fa\u529f\u5229\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f5c\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u201c\u8d8b\u4e50\u907f\u82e6\u201d\u89c6\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u672c\u6027\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u60df\u4e00\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e00\u57fa\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4f18\u52a3\uff0c \u5373\u201c\u6700\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5e78\u798f\u201d\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5229\u76ca\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u603b\u548c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e2a\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\u662f\u60df\u4e00\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u5feb\u4e50\u7684\u603b\u548c\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u603b\u548c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u624d\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5316\u3002<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
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        \u53ef\u89c1\uff0c18\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u523019\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u671f\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u81ea\u7136\u6743\u5229\u5b66\u6d3e\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u4eba\u201d\u548c\u201c \u81ea\u7136\u6743\u5229\u201d \u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u5176\u4e2a\u4eba\u672c\u4f4d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5185\u6838\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u5c06\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b66\u8bf4\u7684\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u7ef4\u4ecd\u7136\u4ece\u4e2a\u4eba\u51fa\u53d1\u5b9a\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ece\u56fd\u5bb6\u51fa\u53d1\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u89e3\u51b3\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u6743\u5229\u201d\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\uff1a\u81ea\u7136\u6743\u5229\u662f\u865a\u6784\u7684\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8131\u53bb\u4e86\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u6743\u5229\u201d\u5916\u8863\u7684\u201c\u4e2a\u4eba\u6743\u5229\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u201d\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u529f\u5229\u201d\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4f9d\u636e\u63d0\u4f9b\u4f9d\u636e\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e2a\u4eba\u6743\u5229\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u7684\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4f55\u4e2a\u4eba\u6743\u5229\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u7684\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u6743\u5229\u7684\u754c\u9650\u3002<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
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        3\u3001\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u6839\uff1a\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u81ea\u89c9\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u4e0a\u7684\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
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        \u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5185\u90e8\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u9ed8\u5951\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u7406\u8bba\u4f53\u7cfb\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u7684\u201c\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u201d\u548c\u201c \u4e2a\u4eba\u6743\u5229\u201d\u7684\u6839\u636e\u4fdd\u6301\u6c89\u9ed8\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f5c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6709\u6548\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b63\u8868\u660e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u201c\u539f\u70b9\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u542f\u52a8\u4ed6\u4eec\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u539f\u52a8\u529b\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u4f53\u7cfb\u5904\u5904\u90fd\u6d78\u6da6\u7740\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u548c\u5f52\u5bbf\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u6700\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u4e43\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u5c06\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6743\u5229\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e0d\u8bc1\u81ea\u660e\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u56fd\u5bb6(\u653f\u5e9c)\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5219\u662f\u9700\u8981\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\uff1b\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b66\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u63d0\u51fa\u6839\u636e\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u5176\u6743\u5229\u4f55\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4eba\u6743\u5229\u63d0\u4f9b\u4f9d\u636e\u3002\u4e2a\u4eba\u6743\u5229\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u79e9\u5e8f\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
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        17\u201418\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u90fd\u628a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u6743\u5229\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u201d\uff0c \u5176\u542b\u4e49\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u672c\u6027\u6240\u56fa\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u4e0e\u751f\u4ff1\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u5148\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u30021776\u5e74\uff0c\u5f53\u805a\u4f1a\u8d39\u57ce\u7684\u5317\u7f8e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u5411\u4e16\u4eba\u5ba3\u544a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6743\u5229\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u89c9\u5f97\u5e76\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u53bb\u8bba\u8bc1\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f55\u4ee5\u62e5\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u5ba3\u79f0\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u771f\u7406\u662f\u4e0d\u8bc1\u81ea\u660e\u7684\u201d\u3002[9] J.\u8428\u62dc\u56e0\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u5929\u8d4b\u6743\u5229\u54f2\u5b66\u6240\u4f9d\u636e\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u50cf\u6d1b\u514b\u548c\u6770\u6590\u900a\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u80af\u5b9a\u4e2a\u4eba\u6743\u5229\u662f\u4e0d\u8a00\u81ea\u660e\u4e4b\u7406\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u522b\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u80fd\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fb5\u72af\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u6743\u5229\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u8fdb\u884c\u8fa9\u62a4\u3002\u201d[10]<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
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        \u8d21\u65af\u5f53\u533a\u5206\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f9d\u636e\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4ed6\u4e3a\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u6743\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u529f\u5229\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8d22\u4ea7\u6743\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u662f\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u516c\u7ea6\u201d\uff0c[11]\u9075\u5b88\u8fd9\u4e2a\u516c\u7ea6\uff0c\u5bf9\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u548c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u5229\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u8861\u91cf\u5229\u5f0a\u5f97\u5931\uff0c\u6545\u89c9\u5f97\u9700\u8981\u5c0a\u91cd\u8d22\u4ea7\u6743\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u8d22\u4ea7\u6743\u4e0d\u662f\u5148\u5929\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5148\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u4f46\u4fe1\u4ef0\u81ea\u7531\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5219\u662f\u5148\u5929\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u4e0d\u9700\u8bc1\u660e\u800c\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u3002<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
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        1\u3001\u5eb7\u5fb7\uff1a\u300a\u9053\u5fb7\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u63a2\u672c\u300b\uff0c\u5510\u94ba\u8bd1\uff0c\u5546\u52a1\u5370\u4e66\u9986\uff0c1957\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c43\u9875\u3002<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
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        2\u3001 Otto.Gierke\uff0c Political Theories of the Middle Age\uff0c Gambridge University Press\uff0c1987\uff0cp.7.<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
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        3\u3001\u53c2\u89c1\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u91cc\u5e0c\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u54c8\u8036\u514b\uff1a\u300a\u81ea\u7531\u79e9\u5e8f\u539f\u7406\u300b(\u4e0a)\uff0c\u9093\u6b63\u6765\u8bd1\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u00b7\u65b0\u77e5\u00b7\u8bfb\u4e66\u4e09\u8054\u4e66\u5e97\uff0c1997\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c233\u2014234\u9875\u3002<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
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        4\u3001\u201cnature\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u601d\u60f3\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e2\u6709\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u201d\u7684\u6db5\u4e49\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u201c\u672c\u6027\u201d\u7684\u6db5\u4e49\u3002<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
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        5\u3001Leo Strauss\uff0c The Political  Philosophy of Hobbes\uff0c University of Chicago Press\uff0c1962.p.1.<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
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        6\u3001\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u6d2a\u5821\uff1a\u300a\u8bba\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u300b\uff0c\u6797\u8363\u8fdc\uff0c\u51af\u5174\u5143\u8bd1\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1998\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c22\u9875\u3002<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
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