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style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Alexander V. Pantsov<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u5728\u4ed6\u6700\u65b0\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u6bdb\u6fa4\u6771\u50b3\u8a18\u4e2d\u6240\u8aaa\uff0c\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u7684\u7d93\u8cbb\u5230<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">1922<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: 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\u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u5f35\u56ef\u71fe\u4e5f\u8a31\u662f\u5f9e\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u51fa\u767c\u4f86\u6982\u8ff0\u5225\u4eba\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u5728\u56de\u61b6\u4e2d\u5171\u4e09\u5927\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u786c\u662f\u628a\u6bdb\u6fa4\u6771\u8aaa\u6210\u652f\u6301\u4ed6\u53cd\u5c0d\u570b\u5171\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u4e00\u6d3e\u3002\u4f46\u6309\u7167\u694a\u594e\u677e\u8fd1\u4f86\u62ab\u9732\u99ac\u6797\u672c\u4eba\u7b46\u8a18\u5be6\u9304\u7684\u8aac\u6cd5\uff0c\u60c5\u6cc1\u537b\u6070\u6070\u76f8\u53cd\u3002\u694a\u7684\u8f49\u8ff0\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u6bdb\u6fa4\u6771\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u7dca\u8ddf\u99ac\u6797\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u4e2d\u5171\u9ee8\u5185\u4e0d\u5c11\u540c\u5fd7\u5c07\u4ed6\u6b78\u985e\u70ba&#8220;\u99ac\u6797\u7684\u4eba&#8221;\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6b78\u985e\uff0c\u5728\u7576\u6642\u5be6\u5728\u8ac7\u4e0d\u4e0a\u6709\u591a\u9ebd\u5149\u5f69\u3002\u6bdb\u7232\u4eba\u884c\u4e8b\u4e00\u5411\u90fd\u5f88\u73fe\u5be6\uff0c\u4ed6\u986f\u7136\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u9762\u5c0d\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u9019\u500b\u5c0f\u7d44\u7e54\u7d42\u7a76\u662f\u80f3\u818a\u62d7\u4e0d\u904e\u5927\u817f\u3002\u591a\u5e74\u5f8c\u63d0\u8d77\u6b64\u4e8b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ecd\u5766\u7136\u8a34\u8aac\uff0c\u90a3\u6642\u4ed6\u9084\u5e74\u8f15\uff0c&#8220;\u7d20\u4ee5\u7232\u9818\u8896\u540c\u5fd7\u7684\u610f\u898b\u7e3d\u662f\u5c0d\u7684&#8221;\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">17 &nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u53ef\u898b\u8207\u53bb\u904e\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\uff0c\u898b\u904e\u5217\u5be7\uff0c\u5c0d\u90a3\u88cf\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u60c5\u6cc1\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u5f35\u570b\u71fe\u4e0d\u53ef\u540c\u65e5\u800c\u8a9e\uff0c\u6bdb\u6fa4\u6771\u90a3\u6642\u7684\u9769\u547d\u898b\u8b58\u9084\u6bd4\u8f03\u6dfa\u8584\uff0c\u5c0d\u5f85\u83ab\u8fa8\u5176\u4f86\u982d\u7684\u570b\u969b\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u4ed6\u81ea\u7136\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u656c\u4ef0\u548c\u807d\u5f9e\u3002\u99ac\u6797\u5728\u4e2d\u5171\u4e00\u5927\u5f8c\u8def\u7d93\u9577\u6c99\uff0c\u6bdb\u6fa4\u6771\u66fe\u71b1\u5fc3\u63a5\u5f85\u548c\u5f59\u5831\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u986f\u7136\u7d66\u99ac\u6797\u7559\u6709\u8f03\u597d\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8aaa<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">1922<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u5e74<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">7<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u6708\uff0c\u6bdb\u6c92\u80fd\u51fa\u5e2d\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u53ec\u958b\u7684\u4e2d\u5171\u4e8c\u5927\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u8207\u99ac\u6797\u66ab\u6642\u96e2\u53bb\u4e0d\u7121\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">18&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u90a3\u9ebd<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">1923<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u5e74<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">6<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: 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style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">1924<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u5e74<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">1<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u6708\u8209\u884c\u7684\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5168\u570b\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u6703\uff0c\u7576\u9078\u70ba\u4e2d\u57f7\u59d4\u5019\u88dc\u59d4\u54e1\u3002<\/span><\/p><p style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS'; font-size: 16.363636016845703px; text-indent: 36pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: 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style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS'; font-size: 16.363636016845703px; text-indent: 36pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\u6bdb\u4ee3\u8868\u57f7\u884c\u90e8\u53c3\u52a0\u9752\u5e74\u5718\u7684\u96c6\u6703\uff0c\u807c\u5230\u6bdb\u5728\u6703\u4e0a\u7684\u8a00\u8ac7\uff0c\u8207\u6703\u7684\u5171\u9752\u5718\u570b\u969b\u4ee3\u8868\u9054\u6797\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Sergei Dalin<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: 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style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS'; font-size: 16.363636016845703px; text-indent: 36pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u6bdb\u6fa4\u6771\u4e00\u6642\u8d0f\u5f97\u7a31\u8b9a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8868\u73fe\u4e0d\u4e45\u5c31\u8b8a\u4e86\u5473\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u5de6\u6d6a\u53f3\u6f6e\u7684\u5f37\u70c8\u885d\u64ca\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u8feb\u8fad\u53bb\u57f7\u884c\u90e8\u7684\u8077\u52d9\u3002\u90a3\u5e74\u6b72\u672b\uff0c\u4ed6\u600f\u600f\u8fd4\u56d8\u6e56\u5357\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\u4ed6\u5c0d\u65af\u8afe\u5982\u662f\u8aac\uff1a&#8220;\u90a3\u5e74\u51ac\u5929\u6211\u56de\u5230\u6e56\u5357\u4f11\u990a&#8212;&#8212;\u6211\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u751f\u4e86\u75c5\u3002&#8221;23 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font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS'; font-size: 16.363636016845703px; text-indent: 36pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u5f9e\u6bdb\u6fa4\u6771 &#8220;\u5b69\u5152\u7acb\u5fd7\u51fa\u9109\u95dc&#8221; 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font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS'; font-size: 16.363636016845703px; text-indent: 36pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53;\">&#8220;\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9&#8221;\u6216&#8220;\u570b\u5bb6\u4e3b\u7fa9&#8221;\u5169\u500b\u65b0\u5b57\u773c\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u5747\u70ba\u82f1\u6587&#8220;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">nationalism<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53;\">&#8221; 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style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS'; font-size: 16.363636016845703px;\">&nbsp;<\/p><p align=\"center\" style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS'; font-size: 16.363636016845703px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u4e94<\/span><\/p><div>&nbsp;<\/div><p style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS'; font-size: 16.363636016845703px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u4e2d\u5171\u4e8c\u5927\u7684\u5ba3\u8a00\u5df2\u5c07\u8fb2\u6c11<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\u69cb\u6210<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: 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style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u4f60\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u5feb\u8d77\u4f86\u6436\u56de\u4f60\u5011\u88ab\u6436\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u4f60\u5011\u4e00\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u6709\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4f86\u5e6b\u4f60\u5011\u7684\u5fd9\u7684\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53;\">&#8221;\u8207\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u5b57\u76f8\u547c\u61c9\uff0c\u5728\u300a\u570b\u6c11\u9769\u547d\u8207\u8fb2\u6c11\u904b\u52d5\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bdb\u6fa4\u6771\u4e7e\u8106\u4ee5\u8fb2\u6c11\u904b\u52d5\u4ee3\u66ff\u570b\u6c11\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5982\u6b64\u6b66\u65b7\u5730\u8aaa\uff1a&#8220;\u6240\u8b02\u570b\u6c11\u9769\u547d\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u5176\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5373\u662f\u8fb2\u6c11\u904b\u52d5\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4e43\u77e5\u51e1\u5c6c\u4e0d\u91cd\u8996\u4e43\u81f3\u53ad\u60e1\u8fb2\u6c11\u904b\u52d5\u4e4b\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u540c\u60c5\u571f\u8c6a\u52a3\u7d33\u548c\u8caa\u5b98\u6c61\u540f\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u5373\u662f\u4e0d\u8981\u6253\u5012\u8ecd\u95a5\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u53cd\u5c0d\u5e1d\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002&#8221;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53;\">38&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u5728\u90a3\u4e00\u5834\u570b\u5171\u5408\u5531\u7684\u8fb2\u904b\u9032\u884c\u66f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\u672c\u60f3\u901a\u904e\u958b\u5c55\u8fb2\u904b\u8d0f\u5f97\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u70ba\u63ee\u5e2b\u5317\u4f10\u88fd\u9020\u8072\u52e2\uff0c\u5728\u5317\u4f10\u8ecd\u9032\u8ecd\u9014\u4e2d\u7372\u53d6\u6cbf\u9014\u8fb2\u6c11\u7684\u5e6b\u52a9\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u537b\u4e26\u672a\u9810\u6599\u5230\u7fa4\u8846\u904b\u52d5\u7206\u767c\u5f8c\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u4e2d\u5171\u5c0e\u5411\u7684\u4e82\u5c40\u3002\u4e2d\u5171\u5728\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u4e0b\u9f13\u52d5\u8fb2\u904b\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u65bc\u958b\u5c55\u571f\u5730\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u9020\u6210&#8220;\u4e00\u5207\u6b0a\u529b\u6b78\u8fb2\u6703&#8221;\u7684\u6050\u6016\u5c40\u52e2\uff0c\u597d\u5e36\u9818\u7aae\u5149\u86cb\u540d\u6b63\u8a00\u9806\u5730\u6436\u596a\u571f\u8ca1\u4e3b\u7684\u8ca1\u7522\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53;\">39&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u6253\u571f\u8c6a\u5206\u7530\u5730\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u4e26\u975e\u6bdb\u6fa4\u6771\u6240\u9996\u5021\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u6309\u7167\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u8fa6\u4e8b\uff0c\u6bdb\u4e0d\u904e\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5e79\u5f97\u66f4\u904e\u6fc0\u7f77\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u7a0d\u5f8c\u767c\u8868\u7684\u300a\u6e56\u5357\u8fb2\u6c11\u904b\u52d5\u8003\u5bdf\u5831\u544a\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bdb\u4e0a\u7dca\u87ba\u7d72\uff0c\u52a0\u5927\u99ac\u529b\uff0c\u628a\u9019\u5834\u9769\u547d\u5b9a\u6027\u70ba&#8220;\u4e00\u500b\u968e\u7d1a\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e00\u500b\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u66b4\u70c8\u7684\u884c\u52d5&#8221;\uff0c\u5373&#8220;\u8fb2\u6c11\u968e\u7d1a\u63a8\u7ffb\u5c01\u5efa\u5730\u4e3b\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u7684\u9769\u547d&#8221;\u3002<\/span><\/p><p style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS'; font-size: 16.363636016845703px; text-indent: 36pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u56b4\u683c\u5730\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u8fb2\u6751\u5f9e\u4f86\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u51fa\u73fe\u6b50\u6d32\u90a3\u6a23&#8220;\u9109\u7d33&#8221;\u8207&#8220;\u8fb2\u6c11&#8221;\u5c0d\u7acb\u7684\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">gentry vs peasantry<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53;\">\uff09\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\u5206\u5316\u3002\u6240\u8b02&#8220;\u5730\u4e3b&#8221;\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u5927\u5730\u4e3b\u9084\u662f\u5c0f\u5730\u4e3b\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u5c31\u5176\u64c1\u6709\u571f\u5730\u6578\u91cf\u7684\u591a\u5c11\u800c\u5b9a\u540d\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u4ed6\u5011\u5931\u53bb\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u5730\u4e3b\u3002\u800c\u8eab\u70ba\u8ca7\u4e0b\u4e2d\u8fb2\u8005\u82e5\u80fd\u52e4\u5109\u6301\u5bb6\uff0c\u5584\u65bc\u7d93\u71df\uff0c\u50cf\u6bdb\u6fa4\u6771\u7684\u7236\u89aa\u90a3\u6a23\u6709\u6240\u7a4d\u7d2f\u800c\u8cfc\u7f6e\u4e86\u7530\u7522\uff0c\u4e5f\u7167\u6a23\u6703\u4e0a\u5347\u70ba\u5bcc\u8fb2\u6216\u5730\u4e3b\u3002\u5730\u4e3b\u4e5f\u597d\uff0c\u8ca7\u8fb2\u4e5f\u597d\uff0c\u5f9e\u4f86\u90fd\u4e0d\u5177\u5099\u897f\u65b9\u90a3\u7a2e\u968e\u7d1a\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u7684&#8220;\u8eab\u4efd&#8221;\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">status or honored position<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: 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style=\"line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>\u66f4\u6e38\u96e2\u5728\u9109\u6751\u793e\u6703\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c<\/strong>\u5176\u6c5f\u6e56\u7684\u8840\u6027\u7fa9\u70c8\u4e2d\u4e5f\u8cc1\u5f35\u8457\u674e\u9035\u5f0f\u6384\u8d77\u677f\u65a7\u4e82\u780d\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u6b98\u66b4\u3002\u9109\u6751\u793e\u6703\u662f\u7d55\u5927\u591a\u6578\u8fb2\u6236\u8eac\u8015\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u8ca7\u5bcc\uff0c\u90fd\u9760\u571f\u5730\u7684\u51fa\u7522\u4f86\u990a\u5bb6\u6d3b\u53e3\u548c\u7d0d\u7a05\u5b98\u5e9c\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4f86\u8aac\uff0c\u8ca7\u5bcc\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5c0d\u7acb\u9060\u5c0f\u65bc\u5b98\u8207\u6c11\u3001\u672c\u5206\u8fb2\u6c11\u8207\u7121\u696d\u904a\u6c11\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5c0d\u7acb\u3002\u5b54\u5fa9\u79ae\uff08<\/span><span style=\"line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Philip<\/span>&nbsp;<span style=\"line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;\">A. kuhn<\/span><span style=\"line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: SimSun; font-size: 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12pt;\">\u8207\u90a3\u4e9b\u71b1\u8877\u70ba\u6bdb\u8b95\u8a00\u80cc\u66f8\u7684\u61c9\u8072\u87f2\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u56db\u5ddd\u5b78\u8005\u8b1d\u5e7c\u7530\u5c0d\u5931\u8a9e\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u9109\u6751\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5be6\u8e10\u4e00\u5f80\u60c5\u6df1\uff0c\u4ed6\u6700\u8fd1\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u5c08\u8457\uff0c\u5fb5\u5f15\u8a73\u5be6\u5730\u8ffd\u61b6\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u88ab\u4e2d\u5171\u5b98\u65b9&#8220;\u5931\u61b6&#8221;\u6389\u7684\u53f2\u5be6\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u5718\u7df4\u6216\u5718\u9632\uff0c\u5728\u6bdb\u5f0f\u8a71\u8a9e\u4e2d\u4e00\u5f8b\u88ab\u7a31\u7232&#8220;\u5730\u4e3b\u6b66\u88dd&#8221;\uff0c\u8b1d\u5e7c\u7530\u5217\u8209\u8846\u591a\u7684\u53f2\u6599\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u5730\u8b49\u5be6\uff1a&#8220;\u6c92\u6709\u812b\u96e2\u571f\u5730\u7684\u8fb2\u6c11\u662f\u548c\u5730\u4e3b\u7ad9\u5728\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u662f\u8ddf\u96a8\u5f35\u737b\u5fe0\u7684\u6d41\u6c11\u3002\u6d41\u6c11\u4e2d\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u96d6\u4f86\u81ea\u8fb2\u6751\uff0c\u66fe\u7d93\u662f\u8fb2\u6c11\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u982d\u76ee\u7684\u5e36\u9818\u4e0b\u9577\u671f\u6253\u5bb6\u52ab\u820d\u7232\u751f\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u8077\u696d\u5df2\u7d93\u662f\u571f\u532a\u3001\u6d41\u6c11\u3001\u66b4\u6c11\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u548c\u4e26\u672a\u96e2\u958b\u571f\u5730\u7684\u8fb2\u6c11\u5229\u76ca\u662f\u885d\u7a81\u7684\u3002&#8221;<\/span><span style=\"line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12pt;\">48\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u898b\uff0c\u81ea\u53e4\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5728\u671d\u5ef7\u5fb5\u6536\u8ce6\u7a05\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8caa\u5b98\u6c61\u540f\u5f9e\u4e2d\u76e4\u525d\uff0c\u5c0d\u5168\u9ad4\u8fb2\u6236\u9020\u6210\u5371\u5bb3\u5916\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u82e6\u96e3\u5c31\u662f\u7531\u707d\u8352\u3001\u8ca7\u7aae\u548c\u66b4\u653f\u6ecb\u751f\u7684\u532a\u76dc\u5c0d\u9109\u6751\u793e\u6703\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5a01\u8105\uff0c\u9019\u80a1\u52e2\u529b\u5728\u5371\u5bb3\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u751f\u547d\u8ca1\u7522\u4e0a\u9060\u9060\u8d85\u904e\u82db\u653f\u548c\u5b98\u540f\u7684\u8150\u6557\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u7232\u6709\u80e5\u540f\u6572\u8a50\uff0c\u66f4\u6709\u532a\u76dc\u9a37\u64fe\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u96d9\u5411\u4f5c\u60e1\u8feb\u4f7f\u5168\u9ad4\u8fb2\u6236\u7d50\u6210&#8220;\u5b88\u671b\u76f8\u52a9&#8221;\u7684\u5718\u9ad4\u3002\u5730\u4e3b\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5c0d\u4f43\u6236\u6709\u591a\u9ebd\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u525d\u524a\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u90fd\u8655\u65bc\u5171\u751f\u72c0\u614b\u3002\u7279\u5225\u662f\u540c\u65cf\u5185\u8ca7\u5bcc\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8fb2\u6236\uff0c\u5176\u9593\u7684\u89aa\u7de3\u95dc\u4fc2\u9060\u5f37\u65bc\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\u610f\u8b58\uff0c\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u4f86\u8aac\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5b98\u5e9c\u7684\u8150\u6557\u8207\u532a\u76dc\u7684\u9a37\u64fe\u624d\u662f\u9109\u6751\u793e\u6703\u6700\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u707d\u96e3\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4e5f\u6210\u7232\u4ed6\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u5718\u7d50\u4e00\u81f4\u53bb\u62b5\u79a6\u7684\u5c0d\u982d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u7e3d\u7d50\u8aaa\uff0c\u5728\u6574\u500b\u7684\u524d\u4ee3\u4e2d\u570b\u4ee5\u53ca\u570b\u6c11\u9769\u547d\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u8fb2\u6751\u793e\u6703\u7684\u6839\u672c\u77db\u76fe\u4e0d\u662f\u5730\u4e3b\u8207\u8fb2\u6c11\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\u9b25\u722d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5168\u9ad4\u8fb2\u6236\u8207\u5b98\u5e9c\u7684\u6297\u8861\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u532a\u76dc\u7684\u9632\u79a6\u3002\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u8b00\u751f\u6c42\u5b58\uff0c\u4fdd\u885b\u6851\u6893\u7684\u596e\u722d\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bcc\u88d5\u7684\u8fb2\u6236\u548c\u6709\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u7d33\u58eb\uff08\u9808\u77e5\uff0c\u7d33\u58eb\u4e26\u4e0d\u90fd\u662f\u5730\u4e3b!\uff09\u7e3d\u662f\u64d4\u8ca0\u91cd\u8cac\uff0c\u8d77\u5230\u6a21\u7bc4\u5e36\u982d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6bdb\u6fa4\u6771\u7528&#8220;\u6709\u571f\u7686\u8c6a\uff0c\u7121\u7d33\u4e0d\u52a3&#8221;\u7684\u5927\u5e3d\u5b50\u4ee5\u504f\u6982\u5168\uff0c\u5176\u5c45\u5fc3\u7528\u610f\u548c\u63aa\u8fad\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u8b93\u4eba\u5f97\u51fa\u4ed6\u8207\u8859\u5f79\u80e5\u540f\u4ee5\u53ca\u6d41\u5bc7\u76dc\u8cca\u4e00\u500b\u9f3b\u5b54\u51fa\u6c23\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u3002<\/span><br \/><br \/><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">1926\u5e74\u53ef\u8b02\u6bdb\u6fa4\u6771\u8de8\u9ee8\u5de5\u4f5c\u6700\u5fd9\u788c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e79\u5f97\u6700\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u4e00\u5e74\u3002\u4ed6\u5954\u8d70\u65bc\u5ee3\u5dde\u548c\u6e56\u5357\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u5728\u958b\u5c55\u8fb2\u904b\u65b9\u9762\u505a\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5148\u662f\u57282\u6708\uff0c\u4ed6\u5165\u9078\u8fb2\u904b\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u59d4\u54e1\uff0c\u63a5\u8457\u53c8\u64d4\u4efb\u5ee3\u5dde\u7b2c\u516d\u5c46\u8fb2\u6c11\u904b\u52d5\u8b1b\u7fd2\u6240\u6240\u9577\uff0c\u6642\u9818\u6708\u85aa180\u5143\uff0c\u9ad8\u9054\u5317\u5927\u5716\u66f8\u9928\u6253\u5de5\u6642\u768422.5\u500d\u300248\u694a\u958b\u6167\u53c8\u5e36\u4e0a\u5b69\u5b50\u4f86\u5ee3\u5dde\u5c0f\u4f4f\uff0c\u6bdb\u6fa4\u6771\u5e38\u53bb\u62dc\u8a2a\u4f4f\u5728\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u540c\u9109\u8b5a\u5ef6\u95d3\u3002<\/span><br \/><br \/><span style=\"line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12pt;\">\u8cfd\u73cd\u73e0\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u5c0d\u4e2d\u570b\u793e\u6703\u6df1\u6709\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff0c\u6211\u8b80\u5b8c\u5979\u7684\u5c0f\u8aac\u300a\u5927\u5730\u300b\uff08<\/span><span style=\"line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Good<\/span>&nbsp;<span style=\"line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Earth<\/span><span style=\"line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: SimSun; font-size: 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style=\"line-height: 18.18181800842285px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 12pt;\">\u7fa9\u7530\u662f\u5b8b\u4ee3\u958b\u59cb\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u7531\u79c1\u4eba\u6350\u7f6e\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u571f\u5730\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c&#8230;&#8230;<\/span><span style=\"font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 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\/><\/span><span style=\"font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 12pt;\">\u826f\u6c11\u3002 \u4e3b\u6301\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u6700\u60e1\u52a3\u5206\u5b50&#8230;&#8230;<\/span><br \/><br \/><p>&nbsp;<span style=\"font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 12pt;\">\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u65e9\u5df2\u6210\u4e86\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\u9644\u9aa8\u4e4b\u75bd&#8212;&#8212;\u6216\u8005\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\u7684\u9748\u9b42&#8212;&#8212;\u6240\u4ee5\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u8ddf\u8457\u9677\u5728\u7f6a\u60e1\u4e4b\u6d77\u4e86\u3002\u539f\u4f86\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u570b\u969b\u6307\u63ee\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u72a7\u7272\u4e86\u4e2d\u570b\uff0c\u4f86\u505a\u4e16\u754c\u9769\u547d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u5728\u4fc4\u570b\u4eba\u7576\u7136\u4ee5\u6b64\u70ba\u5f97\u8a08\uff0c\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u4ed6\u4fbf\u4e0d\u80fd\u81ea\u5b58\uff0c\u537b\u662f\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e2d\u570b\u592a\u8fa3\u624b\u4e86\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-family: KaiTi; font-size: 12pt;\">55<\/span><\/p><br \/><div style=\"display: inline-block;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.285715103149414px; font-family: 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style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.285715103149414px; font-family: SimSun;\">7\u670816\u65e5\u6b63\u5f0f\u5ba3\u4f48&#8220;\u5206\u5171&#8221;\u3002\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u7684\u8de8\u9ee8\u4eba\u54e1\u518d\u4e5f\u7121\u6cd5\u5728\u570b\u5171\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u63a9\u8b77\u4e0b\u5e79\u4ed6\u5011\u985b\u8986\u570b\u6c11\u9769\u547d\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002&nbsp;<\/span><\/div><\/div><div style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS'; font-size: 16.363636016845703px;\"><br \/><div><span style=\"font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.285715103149414px;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; \u516b<\/span><\/div><p>&nbsp;<\/p><div style=\"display: inline-block;\"><\/div><p>&nbsp;<\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.285715103149414px; font-family: 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style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.285715103149414px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Pontsov<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.285715103149414px; font-family: SimSun;\">\u7684\u6bdb\u6fa4\u6771\u65b0\u50b3\u88dc\u8ff0\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u6bdb\u5728\u6703\u8b70\u4e0a\u70ba\u54e5\u8001\u6703\u8aac\u8a71\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u7232\u6703\u9ee8\u5206\u5b50\u4eba\u6578\u9f90\u5927\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u7b56\u7565\u5730\u5c0d\u5f85\u4ed6\u5011\u3002\u4ed6\u5efa\u8b70\u4e0d\u8981\u50cf\u5b6b\u4e2d\u5c71\u90a3\u6a23\u628a\u4ed6\u5011\u50c5\u4f5c\u7232\u5229\u7528\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u61c9\u628a\u4ed6\u5011\u7576\u5144\u5f1f\u770b\u5f85\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5011\u737b\u8eab\u571f\u5730\u9769\u547d\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.285715103149414px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">56<\/span><\/p><p>&nbsp;<\/p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.285715103149414px; font-family: 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&#8220;\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d&#8221;\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u600e\u9ebd\u56d8\u4e8b\uff1f\u300b\uff08http:\/\/blog.boxun.com\/hero\/xsj5\/2_2.shtml\uff09<\/div><div>11\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8f49\u8ff0\u53ef\u53c3\u770b\u5f35\u73b2\uff1a\u300a\u8b8a\u594f&#8212;&#8212;\u5171\u7522\u570b\u969b\u5c0d\u4e2d\u570b\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff081926&#8212;1935\uff09\u300b\u4e0a\u6d77\u4ea4\u901a\u5927\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2007\uff0c\u980111-15\u3002<\/div><div>12\u5f35\u56ef\u71fe\u56de\u61b6\u8aaa\uff0c&#8220;\u6bdb\u6fa4\u6771\u4e5f\u812b\u4e0d\u4e86\u6e56\u5357\u7684\u571f\u6c23\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u53eb\u6d3b\u8e8d\u7684\u767d\u9762\u66f8\u751f\uff0c\u7a7f\u8457\u4e00\u4ef6\u5e03\u9577\u886b\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5e38\u8b58\u76f8\u7576\u8c50\u5bcc\uff0c\u4f46\u5c0d\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u4e26\u4e0d\u6bd4\u738b\u76e1\u7f8e\u3001\u9127\u6069\u9298\u9ad8\u660e\u591a\u5c11\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u5927\u6703\u524d\u548c\u5927\u6703\u4e2d\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u63d0\u51fa\u904e\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u3002&#8221;\u898b\u5f35\u8457\u300a\u6211\u7684\u56de\u61b6\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u518a\uff0c\u6771\u65b9\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1980\uff0c\u9801135\u3002<\/div><div>13\u300a\u9673\u516c\u535a\u5468\u4f5b\u6d77\u56de\u61b6\u9304\u5408\u7de8\u300b\uff0c\u6625\u79cb\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1967\uff0c\u9801126\u3002<\/div><div>14\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6240\u5f15\u8b1d\u89ba\u54c9\u65e5\u8a18\u53ca\u6b64\u8655\u5f15\u6587\uff0c\u5747\u51fa\u81ea\u9867\u5247\u5f90\uff1a\u300a\u7576\u6bdb\u6fa4\u6771\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u6881\u555f\u8d85\u8996\u91ce\u6642\u300b\u3002\u898b&#8220;\u5171\u8b58\u7db2&#8221;\uff08http:\/\/www.21ccom.net\/articles\/lsjd\/lccz\/article_2012122373496.html \uff09<\/div><div>15\u738b\u5947\u751f\u5728\u5176\u300a\u9ee8\u54e1\u3001\u9ee8\u6b0a\u8207\u9ee8\u722d1924&#8212;1949\u5e74\u4e2d\u570b\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u5f62\u5f0f\u300b\uff08\u83ef\u6587\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2011\uff09\u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d\u8aaa\uff1a&#8220;\u5728\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u7fa4\u9ad4\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2d\u5c0f\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u4eba\u6578\u6700\u591a\u800c\u5883\u9047\u6700\u5dee\u3002&#8230;&#8230;\u4ed6\u5011\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u56e0\u81ea\u8eab\u524d\u9014\u6e3a\u832b\u548c\u793e\u6703\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\u800c\u7522\u751f\u83ab\u5927\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5931\u843d\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u53c8\u56e0\u76ee\u7779\u6574\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u8207\u793e\u6703\u7684\u6557\u843d\u548c\u8870\u983d\u800c\u5fc3\u61f7\u7126\u616e\u3002\u9019\u96d9\u91cd\u7684\u5931\u610f\u3001\u7126\u616e\u3001\u7121\u671b\u4e43\u81f3\u7d55\u671b\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5011\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u67d0\u7a2e\u610f\u5411\u9ad8\u9060\u751a\u81f3\u5e36\u6709\u70cf\u6258\u90a6\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u793e\u6703\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u60f3\u6240\u5438\u5f15\uff1b\u9769\u547d\u4e43\u81f3\u53cd\u53db\u7684\u610f\u8b58\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u4e5f\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u5728\u9019\u4e00\u8655\u65bc\u6e38\u96e2\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u9752\u5e74\u7fa4\u9ad4\u4e2d\u5b55\u80b2\u767c\u751f\u3002&#8230;&#8230;\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7a4d\u6975\u4e3b\u52d5\u6295\u5165\u9769\u547d\u9ee8\u61f7\u62b1\u8005\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b&#8216;\u6709\u4e9b\u77e5\u8b58\u800c\u53c8\u6c92\u6709\u5145\u5206\u77e5\u8b58&#8217;\u7684\u9752\u5e74\u3002&#8221;\u980136-39\u3002\u6bdb\u6fa4\u6771\u53ca\u5176\u540c\u5925\u5728\u7576\u6642\u6b63\u5c6c\u65bc\u6b64\u985e&#8220;\u6709\u4e9b\u77e5\u8b58\u800c\u53c8\u6c92\u6709\u5145\u5206\u77e5\u8b58&#8221;\u7684\u9752\u5e74\u3002<\/div><div>16 See Alexander V. Pantsov with Steven I. Levine, Mao: the Real Story (Simon &amp; Schuster, 2012 ), p.116. \u8a72\u66f8p.135-136 \u5c0d\u4e2d\u5171\u6210\u54e1\u63a5\u53d7\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u76e7\u5e03\u6d25\u8cbc\u548c\u9673\u7368\u79c0\u3001\u674e\u5927\u91d7\u5beb\u4fe1\u7d22\u8981\u7d93\u8cbb\u7684\u7d30\u7bc0\u66f4\u6709\u8a73\u76e1\u7684\u654d\u8ff0\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u6700\u521d\u4e0d\u5c51&#8220;\u50f1\u50ad\u9769\u547d&#8221;\u7684\u4eba\u5f8c\u4f86\u4e5f\u90fd\u4e0d\u81ea\u89ba\u5730\u88ab\u50f1\u50ad\u4e86\u3002<\/div><div>17 &nbsp;\u53c3\u770b\u694a\u594e\u677e\uff1a\u300a\u6bdb\u6fa4\u6771\u8207\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u7684\u6069\u6069\u6028\u6028\u300b\uff0c\u6c5f\u897f\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1999\uff0c\u98016-9\u3002<\/div><div>&nbsp;18\u6bdb\u6fa4\u6771\u5c0d\u65af\u8afe\u8aaa\uff1a&#8220;\u90a3\u5e74\uff081922\uff09\u51ac\u5929\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u9ee8\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u6703\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u53ec\u958b\uff0c\u6211\u672c\u4f86\u60f3\u53c3\u52a0\uff0c\u53ef\u5fd8\u8a18\u4e86\u958b\u6703\u7684\u5730\u9ede\uff0c\u53c8\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u540c\u5fd7\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u6c92\u80fd\u51fa\u5e2d\u3002&#8221;\uff08\u300a\u897f\u884c\u6f2b\u8a18\u300b\u9801150\uff09\u6bdb\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u986f\u7136\u6709\u8aa4\uff0c\u4ed6\u8aaa\u7684\u6703\u671f\u4e0d\u4f46\u8207\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0d\u7b26\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u64da\u300a\u6bdb\u6fa4\u6771\u5e74\u8b5c\u300b\u6240\u8f09\uff0c\u90a3\u5e747\u6708\u4ed6\u4e26\u672a\u96e2\u6e56\u5357\u3002<\/div><div>19\u53c3\u770b\u300a\u9ee8\u54e1\u3001\u9ee8\u6b0a\u8207\u9ee8\u722d1924&#8212;1949\u5e74\u4e2d\u570b\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u5f62\u5f0f\u300b\uff0c\u9801353\u3002<\/div><div>20\u540c\u8a3b12\uff0c\u9801319\u3002<\/div><div>&nbsp;21 \u6c88\u96f2\u9f8d\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u5171\u7523\u9ee8\u4e4b\u4f86\u6e90\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u5377\uff0c\u898b&#8220;\u81ea\u7531\u4eba&#8221;\u7db2\u7ad9\uff08http:\/\/freeman2.com\/cchb01.htm#[1:4] \uff09\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u53ef\u540c\u6642\u53c3\u95b2\u91d1\u6c96\u53ca\u4e3b\u7de8\u300a\u6bdb\u6fa4\u6771\u50b3\uff0c1993-1949\u300b\uff08\u4e2d\u592e\u6587\u737b\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1996\uff09\uff0c\u980194-95\u3002<\/div><div>&nbsp;22\u540c\u8a3b16\uff0cp.137.<\/div><div>&nbsp;23\u898b\u65af\u8afe\uff1a\u300a\u897f\u884c\u6f2b\u8a18\u300b\uff0c\u6c5f\u897f\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1999\uff0c\u9801150\u3002<\/div><div>&nbsp;24\u540c\u8a3b17\uff0c\u980111\u3002<\/div><div>&nbsp;25\u6bdb\u6fa4\u6771\u544a\u8a34\u65af\u8afe\uff1a&#8220;\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\u9752\u9ec3\u4e0d\u63a5\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9109\u91cc\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u7ce7\u8352\u3002\u7aae\u4eba\u8981\u6c42\u5bcc\u4eba\u63a5\u6fdf\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u958b\u59cb\u4e00\u500b\u53eb\u505a&#8216;\u5403\u5927\u6236&#8217;\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u3002\u6211\u7236\u89aa\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7c73\u5546\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u672c\u9109\u7f3a\u7ce7\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ecd\u7136\u904b\u51fa\u5927\u6279\u7ce7\u98df\u5230\u57ce\u88cf\u53bb\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u6279\u88ab\u7aae\u82e6\u7684\u6751\u6c11\u6263\u7559\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u6012\u4e0d\u53ef\u904f\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u540c\u60c5\u4ed6\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u53c8\u89ba\u5f97\u6751\u6c11\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5c0d\u3002&#8221;\u898b\u300a\u897f\u884c\u6f2b\u8a18\u300b\uff0c\u9801125\u3002<\/div><div>&nbsp;26\u540c\u8a3b12\uff0c\u9801294\u3002<\/div><div>&nbsp;27\u5f35\u7165\u537f\u5728\u5176\u300a\u4e2d\u5171\u65e9\u671f\u7684&#8220;\u571f\u5730\u9769\u547d&#8221;\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff1a&#8220;\u5217\u5be7\u5c0d\u8fb2\u6c11\u7684\u95dc\u6ce8\uff0c\u5374\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u57fa\u65bc\u8fb2\u6c11\u5728\u7121\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u9769\u547d\u7684&#8216;\u5229\u7528\u50f9\u503c&#8217;\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u89e3\u6c7a\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5217\u5be7\u53ea\u628a\u8fb2\u6c11\u7576\u4f5c\u7121\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u9769\u547d\u7684\u4e00\u9805\u653f\u6cbb\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5\u89e3\u6c7a\u8fb2\u6c11\u7684\u751f\u6d3b \u554f\u984c\u4f5c\u7232\u7121\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u9769\u547d\u7684\u4e00\u9805\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u8aaa\uff1a&#8216;\u7121\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u61c9\u7576\u628a\u6c11\u4e3b\u9769\u547d\u9032\u884c\u5230\u5e95\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u628a\u8fb2\u6c11\u7fa3\u8846\u806f\u5408\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u65b9\u9762\u4f86\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u7528\u5f3a\u529b\u6253\u7834\u5c08\u5236\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u53cd\u6297\u3002&#8217;&#8221;\u898b&#8220;\u535a\u8a0a\u7db2&#8221;\uff08http:\/\/blog.boxun.com\/hero\/2006\/xsj5\/4_1.shtml \uff09<\/div><div>&nbsp;28 See Mao: the Real Story, p.150.<\/div><div>&nbsp;29\u99ac\u514b\u601d\uff1a\u300a1848\u5e74\u81f31850\u5e74\u7684\u6cd5\u862d\u897f\u968e\u7d1a\u9b25\u722d\u300b\uff0c\u898b\u300a\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u6069\u683c\u65af\u9078\u96c6\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5377\uff08\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1995\uff09\uff0c\u9801462\u3002\u81f4\u7d04&#183;\u9b4f\u5fb7\u9081\u4fe1\u898b\u820a\u7248\u9078\u96c6\u7b2c\u56db\u5377\uff081972\uff09\uff0c\u9801332\u3002<\/div><div>30\u300a\u6bdb\u6fa4\u6771\u8fb2\u6751\u8abf\u67e5\u6587\u96c6\u300b\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1982\uff0c\u980121-22\u3002<\/div><div>31 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