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\u5bf9\u7532\u5348\u6218\u4e89\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u5df2\u6545\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u8d39\u6b63\u6e05\uff08John K. Fairbank\uff09\u5728\u4ed61998\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u7b80\u660e\u4e2d\u56fd\u901a\u53f2\u5f53\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4ee4\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u8bfb\u6765\u96be\u514d\u611f\u89c9\u604d\u5982\u9694\u4e16\uff0c\u604d\u5982\u6628\u65e5\uff0c\u75db\u611f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86120\u5e74\u4e24\u4e2a\u7532\u5b50\u7684\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u539f\u5730\u8e0f\u6b65\u751a\u81f3\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u9000\u6b65\u3001\u5815\u843d\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/div>

<\/strong><\/span><\/div>
“\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u4efb\u804c\u76f4\u96b6\u603b\u776330\u5e74\u3002\u5728\u5176\u4efb\u804c\u540e\u534a\u671f\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u662f\u6e56\u5e7f\u603b\u7763\u5f20\u4e4b\u6d1e\u3002\u5f20\u4e4b\u6d1e\u5728\u6b66\u6c49\u4efb\u804c18\u5e74\uff0c\u5f00\u529e\u70bc\u94c1\u5382\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u6210\u4e86\u70bc\u94a2\u5382\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u529e\u519b\u4e8b\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u6280\u672f\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u6559\u6388\u7535\u62a5\uff0c\u91c7\u77ff\uff0c\u94c1\u8def\u548c\u5de5\u827a\u3002\u4f46\u5f20\u4e4b\u6d1e\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u503e\u529b\u4e8e\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u7eb3\u5165\u4f20\u7edf\u5112\u5bb6\u6cbb\u56fd\u8f68\u9053\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/div>

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“\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u5c31\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e9b\u6e05\u5ef7\u9ad8\u5b98\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u3002\u5728\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u6f20\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u4f46\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u654c\u610f\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5927\u6c14\u5019\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bd5\u56fe\u7b79\u96c6\u6b3e\u9879\uff0c\u5ef6\u63fd\u4eba\u624d\uff0c\u5f00\u529e\u5404\u79cd\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u662f\u5e0c\u5180\u4e2a\u4eba\u53d1\u8d22\uff0c\u5b98\u9636\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u4f46\u6148\u79a7\u592a\u540e\u4e3b\u653f\u7684\u6e05\u5ef7\u8ddf\u660e\u6cbb\u5929\u7687\u4e3b\u653f\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u671d\u5ef7\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u63a8\u8fdb\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u5b98\u5458\uff0c\u6148\u79a7\u592a\u540e\u5e76\u4e0d\u7ed9\u4e0e\u575a\u5b9a\u4e0d\u79fb\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5979\u8ba9\u90a3\u4e9b\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u62d6\u8d58\u90a3\u4e9b\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5979\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7eb5\u6a2a\u636d\u9616\u9a7e\u9a6d\u5404\u65b9\u3002”\uff08\u89c1\u8d39\u6b63\u6e05\uff0cChina-A New History  p. 220\uff09<\/strong><\/span><\/div>

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\u8d39\u6b63\u6e05\u662f20\u4e16\u7eaa\u897f\u65b9\u5b66\u754c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6cf0\u6597\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u8bb8\u591a\u540d\u724c\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u6d41\u4e2d\u56fd\u95ee\u9898\u5b66\u8005\u5f88\u591a\u662f\u51fa\u81ea\u4ed6\u7684\u95e8\u4e0b\u3002\u4f46\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u8d39\u6b63\u6e05\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u53d7\u5230\u4e0d\u5c11\u8d28\u7591\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u5df2\u6545\u7684\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u663e\u7136\u6709\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u504f\u89c1\uff0c\u5bf91949\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u4e2d\u5171\u4e5f\u6709\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u504f\u89c1\uff1b\u524d\u4e00\u79cd\u504f\u89c1\u4f7f\u4ed6\u628a\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u653f\u5e9c<\/strong>\u770b\u5f97\u8fc7\u574f\uff0c\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\u504f\u89c1\u4f7f\u4ed6\u628a\u4e2d\u5171\u653f\u5e9c\u770b\u5f97\u8fc7\u597d\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/div>

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\u4f46\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u8d39\u6b63\u6e05\u6587\u7b14\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u5178\u96c5\uff0c\u4e3e\u91cd\u82e5\u8f7b\uff0c\u610f\u8574\u6df1\u8fdc\uff0c\u4ed6\u5199\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u8bfb\u8d77\u6765\u603b\u662f\u50cf\u5bd3\u8a00\u6216\u7ae5\u8bdd\u4e00\u6837\u542f\u4eba\u6df1\u601d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ed6\u63cf\u5199\u6148\u79a7\u592a\u540e\u7684\u8fd9\u4e24\u53e5\u8bdd\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/div>

<\/strong><\/span><\/div>
[T]he Empress Dowager’s court, unlike the Meiji Emperor’s in Japan, gave them no firm or consistent backing.  She, on the contrary, let the ideological conservatives stalemate the innovators so that she could hold the balance.<\/strong><\/span><\/div>

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\u8d39\u6b63\u6e05\u6240\u63cf\u5199\u7684\u7532\u5348\u6218\u4e89\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e5f\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u8ba9\u4eba\u4eec\u62ff\u6765\u5927\u81f4\u4e0d\u5dee\u5730\u63cf\u8ff01949\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u4e2d\u5171\u638c\u6743\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u628a\u6148\u79a7\u592a\u540e\u987a\u6b21\u6362\u6210\u4e2d\u5171\u5934\u53f7\u9886\u8896\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/div>

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\u5982\u4e2d\u5171\u9886\u8896\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u8ba9\u5f20\u6625\u6865\u3001\u59da\u6587\u5143\u4e4b\u6d41\u7275\u5236\u5468\u6069\u6765\uff1b\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7528\u9093\u529b\u7fa4\u7275\u5236\u603b\u7406\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\uff1b\u6c5f\u6cfd\u6c11\u7528\u4e01\u5173\u6839\u7275\u5236\u6731\u9555\u57fa\uff1b\u80e1\u9526\u6d9b\u7528\u674e\u957f\u6625\u7275\u5236\u6e29\u5bb6\u5b9d\uff1b\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u7528\u5218\u4e91\u5c71\u7275\u5236\u674e\u514b\u5f3a\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u5404\u7ea7\u5e72\u90e8“\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bd5\u56fe\u7b79\u96c6\u6b3e\u9879\uff0c\u5ef6\u63fd\u4eba\u624d\uff0c\u5f00\u529e\u5404\u79cd\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u662f\u5e0c\u5180\u4e2a\u4eba\u53d1\u8d22\uff0c\u5b98\u9636\u63d0\u5347\u3002”<\/strong><\/span><\/div>

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\u7531\u4e8e\u8981\u5728500\u9875\u7684\u7bc7\u5e45\u91cc\u9648\u8ff0\u4e2d\u56fd4000\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u8d39\u6b63\u6e05\u7684\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u65b0\u53f2\u300b\u5bf9\u7532\u5348\u6218\u4e89\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u5e26\u800c\u8fc7\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/div>

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“\u65e5\u672c\u4eba1894\u5e74\u4ecb\u5165\u671d\u9c9c\uff0c\u540d\u4e49\u4e0a\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u9547\u538b\u4e71\u515a\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u51fb\u6e83\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u7684\u5317\u6d0b\u9646\u519b\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e00\u573a\u73b0\u4ee3\u6d77\u6218\u4e2d\u51fb\u6c89\u6216\u51fb\u6e83\u5176\u5317\u6d0b\u6c34\u5e08\u8230\u961f\u3002\u5317\u6d0b\u6c34\u5e08\u7684\u6307\u6325\u5b98\u539f\u5148\u662f\u9a91\u5175\u5c06\u9886\u3002\u6d77\u6218\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6218\u8230\u4e00\u5b57\u6392\u5f00\uff0c\u72b9\u5982\u9a91\u5175\u51b2\u950b\u4e4b\u52bf\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u519b\u8230\u5219\u5206\u6210\u4e24\u5217\u7eb5\u961f\u5305\u6284\u4e2d\u56fd\u8230\u961f\u3002”<\/strong><\/span><\/div>

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*\u4e01\u6c5d\u660c\u60b2\u5267*<\/strong><\/span><\/div>

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\u8d39\u6b63\u6e05\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u5317\u6d0b\u6c34\u5e08\u6307\u6325\u5b98\u663e\u7136\u662f“\u53ea\u8bc6\u5f13\u9a6c”\uff0c\u4e0d\u61c2\u6d77\u6218\u7684\u5317\u6d0b\u6c34\u5e08\u63d0\u7763\u4e01\u6c5d\u660c\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/div>

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 <\/strong><\/div>
\u5927\u6e05\u56fd\u5317\u6d0b\u6c34\u5e08\u63d0\u7763\u4e01\u6c5d\u660c\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1<\/strong><\/span><\/div>

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\u65e0\u8bba\u4ece\u7d22\u798f\u514b\u52d2\u65af\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u53e4\u5178\u60b2\u5267\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4ece\u838e\u58eb\u6bd4\u4e9a\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u8fd1\u4ee3\u60b2\u5267\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4e01\u6c5d\u660c\uff081836-1895\uff09\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u60b2\u5267\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u4ed6\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u6240\u6ca1\u6709\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u547d\u8fd0\u4e0d\u6d4e\u3001\u6027\u683c\u6709\u7f3a\uff0c\u867d\u96c4\u5fc3\u4e07\u4e08\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u98ce\u4e91\u9645\u4f1a\uff0c\u9634\u5dee\u9633\u9519\uff0c\u4e00\u6b65\u6b65\u8d70\u5411\u7edd\u8def\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/div>

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\u5047\u5982\u8bf4\u7532\u5348\u6218\u4e89120\u5e74\u540e\u4f9d\u7136\u5728\u76d1\u72f1\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u548c\u5e73\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u5218\u6653\u6ce2\u535a\u58eb\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u5f53\u4eca\u4e2d\u56fd\u72b6\u51b5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f29\u5f71\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8c61\u5f81\uff1b\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u7532\u5348\u6d77\u6218\u7684\u603b\u6307\u6325\u5b98\u4e01\u6c5d\u660c\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u4e2d\u56fd\u72b6\u51b5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f29\u5f71\u548c\u8c61\u5f81\u3002\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e01\u6c5d\u660c\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bed\u8a00\u5e73\u5b9e\u800c\u8457\u79f0\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e2d\u6587\u7248\u4e5f\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u753b\u9f99\u70b9\u775b\uff0c\u683c\u5916\u6765\u795e\uff0c\u751f\u52a8\u6d3b\u6cfc\u5f97\u4e0d\u540c\u5bfb\u5e38\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/div>

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“1888\u5e74\uff0c\u5317\u6d0b\u6c34\u5e08\u6b63\u5f0f\u5efa\u519b\uff0c\u4e01\u6c5d\u660c\u4efb\u63d0\u7763\u3002\u4f46\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u77e5\u9053\u4e01\u6c5d\u660c‘\u53ea\u8bc6\u5f13\u9a6c’\uff0c\u4e0d\u61c2\u6d77\u6218\uff0c\u6b64\u4efb\u547d\u4e43\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e01\u6c5d\u660c\u662f\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u540c\u4e61\u4e14\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u6bd4\u8f83\u53ef\u9760\u3002\u4e01\u6c5d\u660c\u5bf9\u5317\u6d0b\u6c34\u5e08\u7684\u638c\u63a7\u5e76\u4e0d\u5f97\u6cd5\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u6c34\u5175\u5e73\u65e5\u91cc\u5c06\u5176\u5f53\u8d27\u8239\u7528\uff0c\u8d2a\u6c61\u8fd0\u8d39\uff0c\u6c34\u5e08\u5b98\u5175\u5229\u7528\u8230\u961f\u8d70\u79c1\u4e5f\u6709\u6240\u95fb\u3002”<\/strong><\/span><\/div>

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“\uff08\u4f0a\u4e1c\u7950\u4ea8\uff0c\uff09\u85a9\u6469\u85e9\u58eb\u4f0a\u4e1c\u7950\u5178\u7b2c\u56db\u5b50\uff0c\u751f\u4e8e\u9e7f\u513f\u5c9b\u57ce\u4e0b\u6e05\u6c34\u9a6c\u573a\u753a\u3002…\uff08\u65e9\u5e74\u5728\u6c5f\u6237\u5e55\u5e9c\u6d0b\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u7814\u7a76\u673a\u6784\uff09\u5f00\u6210\u6240\u7814\u4e60\u6709\u5173\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u5b66\u95ee\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u62e5\u6709\u540d\u5217\u4e16\u754c\u524d\u8305\u7684\u6d77\u519b\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u636e\u8bf4\u7950\u4ea8\u81ea\u90a3\u65f6\u8d77\u5c31\u5bf9\u6d77\u519b\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u540e\u6765\u53c8\u5e08\u4ece\u6c5f\u5ddd\u82f1\u9f99\u5b66\u4e60\u70ae\u672f\uff0c\u5728\u80dc\u6d77\u821f\u7684\u795e\u6237\u6d77\u519b\u8bad\u7ec3\u6240\u4e0e\u6559\u5934\u5742\u672c\u9f99\u9a6c\u3001\u9646\u5965\u5b97\u5149\u7b49\u5171\u540c\u5b66\u4e60\u822a\u6d77\u672f\u3002”<\/strong><\/span><\/div>

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*\u518d\u8bf4\u8d39\u6b63\u6e05*<\/strong><\/span><\/div>

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1\uff09\u5979\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u66ff\u7f6a\u7f8a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u9677\u5165\u6ca1\u843d\u539f\u56e0\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u5f88\u6df1\uff0c\u5f88\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4e00\u4e00\u5ed3\u6e05\u8d77\u6765\u5f88\u8d39\u52b2\uff0c\u628a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u4e0d\u662f\u63a8\u7ed9\u5979\u8001\u4eba\u5bb6\u5219\u7b80\u6377\u65b9\u4fbf\uff1b\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u6b63\u597d\u5979\u7684\u4e3a\u653f\u548c\u4e3a\u4eba\u4e5f\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u6458\u4e4b\u5904\uff1b<\/strong><\/span><\/div>

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2\uff09\u5979\u8001\u4eba\u5bb6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5973\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u5973\u4eba\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u671d\u5386\u4ee3\u5728\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u5403\u4e8f\uff0c\u5973\u4eba\u6267\u653f\u5728\u7537\u4eba\u6309\u7167\u5927\u7537\u5b50\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5199\u51fa\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u66f4\u662f\u5927\u9006\u4e0d\u9053\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u9003\u907f\u4e0d\u4e86\u6076\u8bc4\u548c\u6076\u540d\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/div>

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\u7387\u5148\u4e3a\u6148\u79a7\u592a\u540e\u7ffb\u6848\u7684\u8457\u540d\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u73b0\u4eca\u7684\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u8d39\u6b63\u6e05\u4e2d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u4efb\u6b27\u7acb\u5fb7\uff08Mark C. Elliot\uff09\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u662f1975\u5e74\u949f\u82cf\u65b9\uff08Sue Fawn Chung\uff09\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u52a0\u5229\u798f\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u4f2f\u514b\u5229\u5206\u6821\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u9898\u76ee\u662f“\u5927\u53d7\u6076\u8bc4\u7684\u592a\u540e\uff1a\u91cd\u4f301898\u5e74\u81f31900\u5e74\u95f4\u7684\u6148\u79a7\u592a\u540e \/ The Much-Maligned Empress Dowager: A Revisionist Study of the Empress Dowager Tz’u Hsi in the Period 1898-1900 ”\u3002\uff08\u89c1The  New York Review of Books, Feb. 6, 2014,  \u7b2c44\u9875\uff09\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/div>

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\u8fd9\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\u867d\u7136\u662f\u5b66\u672f\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u5f52\u4e2d\u5171\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b66\u672f\u6027\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d8\u6210\u654f\u611f\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\u72b9\u5982\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u6750\u6599\u8ba9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u4e0d\u6562\u78b0\uff0c\u8c01\u78b0\u8c01\u5012\u9709\u3002\u6216\u8bb8\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5e74\u4e8b\u5df2\u9ad8\u800c\u4e14\u5df2\u7ecf\u9000\u4f11\u7684\u7f18\u6545\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u8005\u8881\u4f1f\u65f6\u6597\u80c6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u4f46\u8881\u4f1f\u65f6\u663e\u7136\u662f\u8bdd\u5230\u5634\u8fb9\u7559\u534a\u53e5\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u628a\u8bdd\u8bf4\u5168\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8bf4\u5230“\u53ea\u53ef\u610f\u4f1a\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u8a00\u4f20\u3001\u70b9\u5230\u5373\u6b62”\u7684\u5730\u6b65\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/div>

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“\u8f9b\u4ea5\u9769\u547d\u7206\u53d1\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u54ea\uff1f\u6211\u8bf4\u5927\u6e05\u5e1d\u56fd\u6709\u4e24\u9053\u50ac\u547d\u7b26\uff0c\u4e00\u9053\u662f\u5b83\u5173\u952e\u65f6\u523b\u62d2\u7edd\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u9053\u662f\u5b83\u5bf9\u6c11\u8425\u4f01\u4e1a\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u4f9d\u6cd5\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u968f\u610f\u4fb5\u72af\u6c11\u95f4\u8d44\u672c\u3002\u5b83\u4fb5\u72af\u4e86\u6c11\u95f4\u8d44\u672c\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5f15\u53d1\u4fdd\u8def\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u56db\u5ddd\u603b\u7763\u5f00\u67aa\u6253\u6b7b\u4e8632\u4eba\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u56db\u5ddd\u4eba\u6c11\u53cd\u6297\uff0c\u6b66\u88c5\u6597\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u3002\u6b66\u660c\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u9769\u547d\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d81\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u673a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d77\u4e49\u3002”<\/strong><\/span><\/div>

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*\u53c8\u662f\u7532\u5348\u5e74*<\/strong><\/span><\/div>

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\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bf9\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u4f17\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6216\u8bb8\u90fd\u53ef\u7b97\u4f5c\u8c61\u7259\u5854\u91cc\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u4e0d\u5982\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4eb2\u773c\u6240\u89c1\u6216\u4eb2\u8eab\u611f\u53d7\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fc7\u53bb120\u5e74\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e0d\u582a\u56de\u9996\uff1b\u7532\u5348\u6218\u4e89120\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5f53\u4eca\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e0d\u582a\u5165\u76ee\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u6b32\u54ed\u65e0\u6cea\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/div>

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\u6b64\u65f6\u6b64\u523b\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u96be\u514d\u60f3\u8d7718-19\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u6709\u5173\u4e9a\u6d32\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u9610\u8ff0\u3002\u6309\u7167\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u8005Eric Michael Dale\u5f52\u7eb3\u5c31\u662f\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/div>

<\/strong><\/span><\/div>
“\u5bf9\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e9a\u6d32\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u53f2\u524d\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u90a3\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u8fc8\u5411\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u6709‘\u540c\u4e00\u79cd\u89c4\u6a21\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6bc1\u574f\u4e0d\u65ad\u91cd\u590d\u3002’”<\/strong><\/span><\/div>

<\/strong><\/span><\/div>
\uff08For Hegel, the historical development of Asian culture is actually pre-historical in that there is no progress to freedom, but only “the repetition of the same majestic ruin.”\uff09<\/strong><\/span><\/div>

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\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u4ee5\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u53d1\u5c55\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7ebf\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u89c2\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4ee5\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u89c2\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u773c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u6c11\u65cf\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u7684\uff0c\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u7f57\u9a6c\u4eba\u5219\u662f\u90e8\u5206\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u4e1c\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u5219\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5373\u5e1d\u738b\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/div>

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2014\u5e74\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7532\u5348\u5e74\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/div>

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===========<\/strong><\/span><\/div>
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