{"id":38055,"date":"2014-02-11T05:02:00","date_gmt":"2014-02-11T05:02:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:10081\/?p=38055 "},"modified":"2014-02-11T05:02:00","modified_gmt":"2014-02-11T05:02:00","slug":"38055-revision-v1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/?p=38055","title":{"rendered":"\u5f20\u535a\u6811\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u897f\u85cf\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u4e94\uff09\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u5171\u85cf\u533a\u201c\u6c11\u4e3b\u6539\u9769\u201d\u7684\u521d\u8877\u53ca\u5176\u60e8\u70c8\u540e\u679c"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u7f16\u8005\u6309\uff1a<\/span>\u897f\u85cf\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u7ed5\u4e0d\u5f00\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u8bfe\u9898\u3002\u5f20\u535a\u6811\u5148\u751f\u65b0\u8fd1\u5b8c\u6210\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u897f\u85cf\u95ee\u9898\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u5373\u5c06\u7531\u9999\u6e2f\u6eaf\u6e90\u4e66\u793e\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u672c\u520a\u5f81\u5f97\u4f5c\u8005\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u4ee5\u7cfb\u5217\u6587\u7ae0\u5f62\u5f0f\u5c06\u8be5\u4e66\u6838\u5fc3\u8bba\u70b9\u5148\u884c\u516c\u5e03\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u4f9b\u8bfb\u8005\u5206\u4eab\u3001\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/span>            <\/span><\/strong><\/p>

——\u300a\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e2d\u56fd\u300b\u7f16\u8f91\u90e8<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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\u5171\u4ea7\u9769\u547d\u903b\u8f91 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u5176\u6839\u636e\u662f\u6e90\u81ea\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5217\u5b81\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5171\u4ea7\u9769\u547d\u903b\u8f91<\/strong>\u3002\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5171\u4ea7\u9769\u547d\u903b\u8f91\uff1f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u4f53\u7f57\u5217\u5982\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u8981\u70b9\uff1a<\/span><\/p>

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● <\/span>\u5171\u4ea7\u9769\u547d\u9996\u5148\u690d\u6839\u4e8e\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u79c1\u6709\u5236\u7684\u6279\u5224\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e95\u5c42\u6c11\u4f17\u3001\u5f31\u8005\u3001“\u88ab\u5265\u524a\u8005”\u7684\u540c\u60c5\u4e43\u662f<\/span>16\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\u6240\u6709\u7a7a\u60f3\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u7684\u5171\u540c\u9053\u5fb7\u57fa\u7840\uff1b\u65ad\u5b9a\u79c1\u6709\u5236\u662f\u4eb5\u6e0e\u8150\u8680\u4eba\u7c7b\u7cbe\u795e\u3001\u5bfc\u81f4\u4eba\u7c7b\u5815\u843d\u7684“\u4e07\u6076\u4e4b\u6e90”\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u5219\u6784\u6210\u79c1\u6709\u5236\u6279\u5224\u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u6839\u636e\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5171\u4ea7\u9769\u547d\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u8fc7\u53bb500\u5e74\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6839\u672c\u7cbe\u795e\u3002<\/span><\/p>

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● <\/span>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5171\u4ea7\u9769\u547d\u53c8\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u7a7a\u60f3\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u4ec5\u4ec5\u8bc9\u8bf8\u9053\u5fb7\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u5957\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u89c2\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0a\u5347\u4e3a“\u79d1\u5b66”\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bba\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u4e00\u5143\u8bba\u89e3\u91ca\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e94\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5f62\u6001——“\u539f\u59cb\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49”\u3001“\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u793e\u4f1a”\u3001“\u5c01\u5efa\u793e\u4f1a”\u3001“\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a”\u3001“\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a”——\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4f53\u73b0\u7740\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u4ece\u4f4e\u7ea7\u5411\u9ad8\u7ea7\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u9636\u6bb5\u3002<\/span><\/p>

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● <\/span>\u63a8\u52a8\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u662f\u9636\u7ea7\u5bf9\u7acb\u4e0e\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c“\u88ab\u538b\u8feb\u9636\u7ea7”\u5c24\u5176\u5c06\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5145\u5f53\u9769\u547d\u8005\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c“\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89”\u8fd8\u662f\u9769\u547d\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u793e\u4f1a\u5206\u6790\u3001\u4ece\u4e8b\u6597\u4e89\u52a8\u5458\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/p>

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● <\/span>\u5c31\u73b0\u4ee3\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u662f\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u65f6\u4ee3\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u4e3b\u89d2\uff0c\u5176“\u9886\u5bfc\u4f5c\u7528”\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7“\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u5148\u950b\u961f”——\u5171\u4ea7\u515a——\u6765\u5b9e\u65bd\u3001\u4f53\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/p>

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● <\/span>\u5728\u7cbe\u795e\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4eba\u662f\u65e0\u795e\u8bba\u8005\u3002\u5728\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u662f\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u624b\u4e2d\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u9ebb\u75f9\u88ab\u538b\u8feb\u8005\u7684\u6597\u5fd7\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684“\u7cbe\u795e\u9e26\u7247”\u3002<\/span><\/p>

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\u85cf\u533a“\u6c11\u4e3b\u6539\u9769”\u4f55\u4ee5\u52bf\u5728\u5fc5\u884c\uff1f<\/span><\/p>

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\u6839\u636e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5171\u4ea7\u9769\u547d\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u83b7\u5f97\u6210\u529f\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5e76\u884c\u4f7f\u5bf9\u897f\u85cf\u4e3b\u6743\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u85cf\u533a\u63a8\u52a8“\u6c11\u4e3b\u6539\u9769”\u662f\u52bf\u5728\u5fc5\u884c\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/span><\/p>

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\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u628a“\u65e7\u897f\u85cf”\u754c\u5b9a\u4e3a“\u653f\u6559\u5408\u4e00\u7684\u5c01\u5efa\u519c\u5974\u5236\u793e\u4f1a”\u3002<\/span>[i]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> “\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u5c01\u5efa\u519c\u5974\u5236\u662f\u897f\u85cf\u793e\u4f1a\u8d2b\u7a77\u843d\u540e\u3001\u53d1\u5c55\u505c\u6ede\u7684\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u8981\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u897f\u85cf\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u80b2\u4e3a\u6210\u719f\u7684\u5c01\u5efa\u793e\u4f1a\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4e5f\u66f4\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u524d\u9014\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u53d6\u5f97\u593a\u53d6\u653f\u6743\u80dc\u5229\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u4e5f\u66f4\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u897f\u85cf\u793e\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u957f\u671f\u5730\u505c\u6ede\u5728\u5c01\u5efa\u519c\u5974\u5236\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\uff0c\u897f\u85cf\u7ecf\u8fc7\u548c\u5e73\u89e3\u653e\u3001\u6c11\u4e3b\u6539\u9769\u6700\u7ec8\u8d70\u5411\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u3002”[ii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>

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\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u85cf\u533a“\u6c11\u4e3b\u6539\u9769”\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u542b\u4e49\u662f\uff1a\u7ed3\u675f“\u653f\u6559\u5408\u4e00\u7684\u5c01\u5efa\u519c\u5974\u5236\u793e\u4f1a”\uff0c\u89e3\u653e\u53d7\u538b\u8feb\u7684\u767e\u4e07\u519c\u5974\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ffb\u8eab\u505a\u4e3b\u4eba\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u8d70\u4e0a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u9053\u8def\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

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 <\/strong><\/p>

\u5468\u8fb9\u85cf\u533a\u7387\u5148\u5b9e\u884c“\u6539\u9769”<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684“\u5468\u8fb9\u85cf\u533a”\u6307\u5982\u4eca\u897f\u85cf\u81ea\u6cbb\u533a\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u56db\u5ddd\u3001\u4e91\u5357\u3001\u9752\u6d77\u3001\u7518\u8083\u5404\u5730\u7684\u85cf\u6c11\u805a\u5c45\u533a\u3002\u867d\u540c\u4e3a\u85cf\u533a\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5730\u533a\u5e76\u4e0d\u53d7\u300a\u5341\u4e03\u6761\u534f\u8bae\u300b\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5730\u533a\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u884c\u4e0e\u5185\u5730\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u540c\u6837\u7684\u653f\u7b56<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u60b2\u5267\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u80cc\u666f\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

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\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u4e8e<\/span>1950\u5e74\u9881\u5e03\u5b9e\u65bd\u300a\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u571f\u5730\u6539\u9769\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u5728\u5e9f\u9664“\u5730\u4e3b\u9636\u7ea7\u5c01\u5efa\u5265\u524a”\u7684\u571f\u5730\u6240\u6709\u5236\uff0c\u5b9e\u884c“\u8015\u8005\u6709\u5176\u7530”\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2a\u5e26\u6709“\u65b0\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49”\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u6539\u9769\u4e3e\u63aa\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u662f\u4e2a\u4f53\u519c\u6c11\u571f\u5730\u6240\u6709\u5236\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5c0f\u519c\u79c1\u6709\u5236\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u662f“\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49”\u7684\u3002\u5411“\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49”\u8fc7\u6e21\uff0c\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\uff0c\u59cb\u4e8e1953\u5e74\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u63d0\u6cd5\u53eb“\u8fc7\u6e21\u65f6\u671f\u515a\u7684\u603b\u8def\u7ebf”\uff0c\u5373“\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u592a\u957f\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u671f\u5185\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u519c\u4e1a\u3001\u624b\u5de5\u4e1a\u3001\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u5de5\u5546\u4e1a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u6539\u9020”\u3002[iii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>“\u519c\u4e1a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u6539\u9020”\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u641e\u5408\u4f5c\u5316<\/strong>\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u571f\u6539\u65f6\u5df2\u7ecf\u5206\u7ed9\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u571f\u5730\u4ee5\u96c6\u4f53\u5316\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u518d\u6536\u56de\u6765\uff0c\u53d8\u4e2a\u4f53\u6240\u6709\u5236\u4e3a\u96c6\u4f53\u6240\u6709\u5236\u3002\u5728\u5185\u5730\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u4ece“\u4e92\u52a9\u7ec4”\u5230“\u521d\u7ea7\u793e”\u518d\u5230“\u9ad8\u7ea7\u793e”\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u5728\u515a\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e94\u4ebf\u519c\u6c11\u8d70\u4e0a“\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5eb7\u5e84\u5927\u9053”\u7684\u5fc5\u7531\u4e4b\u8def\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u5728\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u4f20\u7edf\u4e1c\u85cf\u5730\u533a\uff08\u5eb7\u533a\uff09\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u897f\u5eb7\u7701\u7701\u59d4\u4e8e<\/span>1955\u5e74\u6625\u5411\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u5448\u62a5\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u5728\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u5730\u533a\u519c\u4e1a\u533a\u51c6\u5907\u5b9e\u884c\u6c11\u4e3b\u6539\u9769\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u8ba1\u5212\u300b\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u897f\u5eb7\u5c06\u7387\u5148\u5728\u519c\u4e1a\u533a\u5f00\u59cb\u571f\u6539\uff0c\u540c\u65f6“\u901a\u8fc7\u5f00\u5c55\u4e92\u52a9\u5408\u4f5c\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u6539\u9020”\u3002[iv]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

1955\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u56db\u5ddd\u7701\u59d4\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c1955\u5e74\u51ac\u81f31956\u5e74\u6625\u5728\u7518\u5b5c\u3001\u963f\u575d\u3001\u51c9\u5c71\u5730\u533a\u5f00\u59cb“\u793e\u4f1a\u6539\u9020”\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e4b\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u4e91\u5357\u7701\u59d4\u53ec\u5f00\u5730\u3001\u53bf\u3001\u533a\u59d4\u4e09\u7ea7\u5e72\u90e8\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a1957\u5e74\u524d\u5728\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u5730\u533a\u5b8c\u6210\u571f\u6539\uff0c\u5e76\u8bd5\u529e\u5408\u4f5c\u793e\u3002\u9752\u6d77\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u7267\u533a\u5ba3\u4f20\u5408\u4f5c\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u7740\u624b\u5728\u9ec4\u5357\u5dde\u548c\u6d77\u5357\u5dde\u8fdb\u884c\u7267\u4e1a\u5408\u4f5c\u5316\u8bd5\u70b9\u3002\u7518\u8083\u7701\u7518\u5357\u5dde\u5219\u51b3\u5b9a\u5728\u5168\u5dde\u76f4\u63a5\u5f00\u5c55\u519c\u4e1a\u5408\u4f5c\u5316\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002[v]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4fe1\u606f\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8981\u70b9\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u5730\u533a\u5e76\u672a\u50cf\u5185\u5730\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u4e00\u6837\u57281950\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u3001\u751a\u81f31940\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u571f\u6539\uff0c1955\u5e74\u5e95\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u5730\u533a“\u6c11\u4e3b\u6539\u9769”\uff0c\u5e26\u6709\u628a“\u65b0\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\u9769\u547d”\u548c“\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u9769\u547d”\u6bd5\u5176\u529f\u4e8e\u4e00\u5f79\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u5373\uff0c\u65e2\u8981\u7ed3\u675f“\u5c01\u5efa\u5265\u524a”\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u571f\u5730\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u53c8\u8981\u4e0d\u5931\u65f6\u673a\u5730\u63a8\u8fdb\u5408\u4f5c\u5316\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

 <\/strong><\/p>

“\u5eb7\u5df4\u6b66\u88c5\u53db\u4e71\u7b2c\u4e00\u67aa”<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u85cf\u533a\u63a8\u8fdb\u571f\u6539\u7684\uff1f\u897f\u85cf\u95ee\u9898\u4e13\u5bb6\u674e\u6c5f\u7433\u5973\u58eb\u6709\u8fc7\u4e13\u95e8\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u636e\u5979\u6316\u6398\u7684\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u662f\u5185\u5730\u5b9e\u884c\u571f\u6539\u7684\u8001\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u5b9a\u51fa\u8eab\uff0c\u5212\u6210\u4efd\uff0c\u52a8\u5458\u7fa4\u4f17\uff0c“\u7b97\u7ec6\u8d26\u3001\u6316\u7a77\u6839\u3001\u5410\u82e6\u6c34”\uff0c\u6fc0\u53d1“\u88ab\u5265\u524a\u8005”\u5bf9“\u5265\u524a\u8005”\u7684\u4ec7\u6068\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u539f\u6765\u7684\u4e0a\u5c42\u5206\u5b50\u3001\u9ad8\u50e7\u5587\u561b\u3001<\/a>\u5404\u5730\u5934\u4eba\uff0c\u4e00\u591c\u95f4\u4ece\u7edf\u6218\u5bf9\u8c61\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u6597\u4e89\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u662f“\u6b63\u5982\u5185\u5730\u519c\u6751\u519c\u6c11\u4e0e\u4e61\u7ec5\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u85cf\u533a\u6c11\u4f17\u4e0e\u5934\u4eba\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u8fdc\u975e\u5ba3\u4f20\u4e2d\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u7d27\u5f20\uff0c\u516c\u5f00\u8bcb\u6bc1\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u6279\u6597\u7f9e\u8fb1\u5587\u561b\u66f4\u662f\u4e0d\u5f97\u4eba\u5fc3\u3002”\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c“\u7531\u4e8e\u571f\u6539\u5de5\u4f5c\u961f\u5927\u591a\u662f\u6c49\u4eba\uff0c\u6c11\u4f17\u8ba4\u4e3a‘\u6539\u9769\u5c31\u662f\u6c49\u4eba\u6539\u85cf\u4eba’\uff0c\u7acb\u523b\u5bf9\u571f\u6539\u5de5\u4f5c\u961f\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u654c\u610f”\u3002\u571f\u6539\u8fd8\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u9547\u53cd\u3002\u6839\u636e\u56db\u5ddd\u4e5d\u9f99\u53bf\u571f\u6539\u5de5\u4f5c\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u8981“\u7ed3\u5408\u6c11\u4e3b\u6539\u9769\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6478\u6e05\u6697\u85cf\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5e95\u5b50\u540e\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u62a5\u6279\u624b\u7eed\uff0c\u628a\u8be5\u6355\u7684\u6355\u8d77\u6765”\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u884c\u52a8\u5fc5\u7136\u9020\u6210\u793e\u4f1a\u52a8\u8361\u3002<\/span>[vi]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>

 <\/p>

1956\u5e742\u670815\u65e5\uff0c\u5728\u56db\u5ddd\u7518\u5b5c\u5317\u90e8\u7684\u8272\u8fbe\u8349\u539f\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u85cf\u4eba\u4e0e\u6c49\u4eba\u5de5\u4f5c\u961f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6b66\u88c5\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6253\u54cd\u4e86“\u5eb7\u5df4\u6b66\u88c5\u53db\u4e71\u7b2c\u4e00\u67aa”\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\u76841955\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u7ecf\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u6279\u51c6\uff0c\u8272\u8fbe\u53bf\u521a\u521a\u5efa\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53bf\u7ea7\u673a\u6784\u8bbe\u7acb\u540e\u505a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ef6\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5ba3\u4f20“\u515a\u7684\u653f\u7b56”\uff0c\u5927\u529b\u63a8\u8fdb“\u6539\u9769”\u3002\u4f46\u8272\u8fbe\u53bf\u5ba3\u4f20\u7684“\u6539\u9769”\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u8981\u6ca1\u6536\u5bcc\u4eba\u7684\u7272\u755c\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u6536\u7f34\u85cf\u4eba\u7684\u6b66\u5668\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u8349\u573a\u56fd\u6709\u3002\u5728\u5f53\u653f\u8005\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7ed9\u8272\u8fbe\u85cf\u533a\u7267\u6c11\u63cf\u7ed8\u7684\u4e00\u5e45\u8272\u5f69\u6591\u6593\u7684“\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49”\u5408\u4f5c\u5316\u84dd\u56fe\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5f53\u5730\u85cf\u6c11\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u4e00\u6279\u6c49\u4eba\u8dd1\u6765\u5ba3\u5e03\u8981\u6536\u8d70\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7272\u755c\uff0c\u6536\u8d70\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6b66\u5668\uff0c\u8349\u573a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u518d\u5141\u8bb8\u81ea\u7531\u653e\u7267\uff0c\u7b49\u4e8e\u662f\u5265\u593a\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e16\u4e16\u4ee3\u4ee3\u8d56\u4ee5\u4e3a\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u4ec1\u771f\u987f\u73e0\u7684\u539f\u90e8\u843d\u5934\u4eba\uff08\u8272\u8fbe\u5efa\u5236\u540e\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab“\u57f9\u517b”\u62c5\u4efb\u53bf\u957f\uff09\u5e26\u5934\u641e\u8d77\u4e86“\u53db\u4e71”\uff1a30\u4f59\u9a91\u7267\u6c11\u5305\u56f4\u4e86\u54e8\u5361\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5de5\u4f5c\u56e2\u9000\u51fa\u8272\u8fbe\u3002\u53cc\u65b9\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u52a8\u6b66\uff0c\u5e76\u5bfc\u81f4\u85cf\u6c11\u4e00\u6b7b\u4e00\u4f24\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u7518\u5b5c\u3001\u963f\u575d\u7b49\u5730\u8fde\u7eed\u53d1\u751f\u85cf\u6c11\u66b4\u52a8\uff1a<\/span>2\u670825\u65e5\uff0c\u767d\u7389\u66b4\u52a8\uff1b2\u670828\u65e5\uff0c\u7406\u5858\u66b4\u52a8\uff1b2\u670829\u65e5\uff0c\u65b0\u9f99\u66b4\u52a8\uff1b3\u67082\u65e5\uff0c\u5fb7\u683c\u66b4\u52a8\uff1b3\u67085\u65e5\uff0c\u7518\u5b5c\u53bf\u66b4\u52a8\uff1b3\u67087\u65e5\uff0c\u8272\u8fbe4\u4e2a\u90e8\u843d800\u591a\u4eba\u5305\u56f4\u53bf\u57ce\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u4ea4\u706b3\u5929\uff1b3\u670813\u65e5\uff0c\u963f\u575d\u7ef0\u65af\u7532\u53bf\u571f\u6539\u5de5\u4f5c\u961f\u906d\u9047\u4f0f\u51fb\uff0c30\u540d\u961f\u5458\u88ab\u6740\uff1b3\u670817\u65e5\uff0c\u963f\u575d\u9a6c\u5c14\u5eb7\u66b4\u52a8……\u3002\u622a\u6b621956\u5e743\u6708\u5e95\uff0c\u4ec5\u7518\u5b5c\u5dde\uff0c20\u4e2a\u53bf\u5c31\u670918\u4e2a\u53d1\u751f\u66b4\u52a8\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u8fbe16000\u4eba\uff0c10\u4f59\u4e2a\u571f\u6539\u5de5\u4f5c\u961f\u906d\u5230\u653b\u51fb\u3002[vii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>

 <\/strong><\/p>

\u73b0\u5728\u8981\u95ee\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u66b4\u52a8\u662f\u4e32\u901a\u597d\u7684\u3001\u6709\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u5417\uff1f\u66b4\u52a8\u7684\u53c2\u52a0\u8005\u662f\u8c01\uff1f\u54ea\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u85cf\u6c11\u7684\u66b4\u52a8\uff1f<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

 <\/strong><\/p>

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u66b4\u52a8\u5e76\u975e\u5168\u662f\u85cf\u533a\u5404\u5730\u4e8b\u5148\u4e32\u8054\u3001\u9884\u8c0b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/strong>“\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u66b4\u52a8\u662f\u5404\u5730\u533a\u85cf\u4eba\u5bf9\u7a81\u5982\u5176\u6765\u7684\u571f\u6539\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u571f\u6539\u5de5\u4f5c\u961f\u66b4\u529b\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5404\u5730\u571f\u6539\u662f\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\u5185\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u85cf\u4eba\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u81ea\u7136\u4e5f\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\u5185\u7206\u53d1\u3002\u5730\u533a\u4e4b\u95f4\u96be\u514d\u76f8\u4e92\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u90e8\u843d\u53d1\u751f\u66b4\u52a8\uff0c\u5bf9\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u843d\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6b66\u88c5\u6297\u4e89\u6210\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e9b\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u9009\u9879\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002”<\/span>[viii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>

 <\/strong><\/p>

\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u66b4\u52a8\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8005\u5927\u591a\u4e3a\u5f53\u5730\u5934\u4eba\u6216\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\u4e0d\u5047\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u66f4\u5177\u53f7\u53ec\u529b\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u53c2\u52a0\u8005\u5374\u591a\u4e3a\u4e2d\u4e0b\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u666e\u901a\u767e\u59d3\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u519c\u7267\u6c11\u3001\u50e7\u4fa3\u3001\u5546\u8d29\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u975e\u88ab“\u80c1\u8feb”\u800c\u53c2\u52a0“\u53db\u4e71”\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u62a4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u4e0d\u5f97\u5df2\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u66b4\u52a8\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u4e0d\u59a8\u4e5f\u505a\u4e00\u70b9“\u9636\u7ea7\u5206\u6790”\uff1a\u674e\u6c5f\u7433\u7684\u4e66\u6307\u51fa\uff0c“\u81ea\u6e05\u672b‘\u6539\u571f\u5f52\u6d41’\u540e\uff0c\u5eb7\u533a\u5404\u5730\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5c06\u4e4b\u7b3c\u7edf\u5730\u5f52\u4e3a‘\u519c\u5974\u5236’\u5e76\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\u3002\u6839\u636e<\/span>1954\u5e746\u6708\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u5eb7\u5317\u5927\u90e8\u3001\u5eb7\u4e1c\u3001\u5eb7\u5357\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u4efd\u5730\u5e76\u81ea\u884c\u8015\u79cd\u7684\u5dee\u6c11\uff0c\u5373‘\u5dee\u5df4’\u536060%\uff1b\u62e5\u6709\u5c11\u91cf\u4efd\u5730\uff0c\u4ee5\u670d\u52b3\u5f79\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684‘\u79d1\u5df4’\u7ea6\u536040%\u3002\u5728\u5eb7\u5357\u5927\u90e8\uff0c\u5eb7\u5317\u3001\u5eb7\u4e1c\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u5dee\u5df4\u536090%\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u79d1\u5df4\u4e0d\u523010%\u3002\u5eb7\u4e1c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u571f\u5730\u548c\u7267\u573a\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u5f52\u571f\u53f8\u3001\u5934\u4eba\u3001\u5bfa\u9662\u6240\u6709\uff0c\u6c11\u4f17\u4e5f\u4e0d\u518d\u4e3a\u571f\u53f8\u5934\u4eba\u652f\u5dee\uff0c\u79d1\u5df4\u4e0d\u5230\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u519c\u6c11\u603b\u6570\u76842%\u52303%\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5730\u533a\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u519c\u6c11\u662f\u81ea\u8015\u519c\u3002”[ix]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u571f\u6539\u5212\u6210\u4efd\uff08\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6309\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4e5f\u5c06\u88ab\u5212\u6210“\u5730\u4e3b”\u6216“\u5bcc\u519c”\uff09\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5408\u4f5c\u5316\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u5f52\u516c\uff08\u8fd9\u4e00\u6761\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u9003\u4e0d\u6389\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u90fd\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u88ab\u5265\u593a\u611f<\/strong>\u3002\u62b5\u5236“\u6539\u9769”\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u7684\u5171\u540c\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u9664\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5206\u6790\u6240\u6307\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u76f4\u63a5\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u85cf\u4eba\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\u548c\u53cd\u53db\uff1f\u4e2d\u5171\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u90e8\u62a5\u544a\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u62c9\u8428\u65b9\u9762\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u4e3a“\u53db\u4e71\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u6597\u4e89\u4e0a\u5c42\u3001\u6536\u67aa\u3001\u6536\u7a0e\u548c\u7834\u574f\u5b97\u6559\u7b49<\/strong><\/span>4\u6761\u539f\u56e0\u5f15\u8d77\u7684”<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span>[x]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u85cf\u4eba\u6d41\u4ea1\u5b66\u8005\u8fbe\u74e6\u624d\u4ec1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8c03\u67e5\u4e5f\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u8fbe\u74e6\u624d\u4ec1\u5728\u6d77\u5916\u6d41\u4ea1\u85cf\u4eba\u4e2d\u8bbf\u95ee\u5f53\u5e74\u7ecf\u5386\u8fc7“\u6c11\u4e3b\u6539\u9769”\u7684\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\uff0c“\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u63a5\u53d7\u91c7\u8bbf\u8005\u5bf9\u6c11\u4e3b\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u6216\u89e3\u91ca\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u5bfa\u9662\u8981\u94f2\u9664\uff0c\u8d22\u4ea7\u8981\u5145\u516c\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5927\u591a\u4f7f\u7528\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u8bed\u8a00\u8bf4\uff0c‘\u6c11\u4e3b\u6539\u9769\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5bfa\u9662\u548c\u50e7\u4eba\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f53\u5bc4\u751f\u866b\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u8d2b\u5bcc\uff0c\u8d22\u4ea7\u8981\u5145\u516c’\u3002”[xi]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u672a\u5f15\u8d77\u63a8\u52a8“\u6539\u9769”\u7684\u4e2d\u5171\u5404\u7ea7\u515a\u59d4\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8b66\u9192\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u7a81\u5982\u5176\u6765\u7684\u85cf\u4eba\u66b4\u4e71\uff0c\u5f53\u653f\u8005\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\u8c03\u52a8\u519b\u961f\uff0c\u7528\u5f3a\u529b\u9707\u6151\u963b\u6b62\u6297\u8bae\u7684\u8513\u5ef6\u3002 <\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

“\u94c1\u9e1f\u5728\u5929\u7a7a\u98de\u7fd4”<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

“\u94c1\u9e1f”\u6307\u4eba\u6c11\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u7a7a\u519b\u6218\u673a\u3002\u5728\u85cf\u533a“\u5e73\u53db”\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c45\u7136\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u7a7a\u519b\u4f5c\u6218\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u5927\u6982\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u96be\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u786e\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u9996\u6b21\u52a8\u7528\u7a7a\u519b\u529b\u91cf\u662f\u8f70\u70b8\u7406\u5858\u5bfa\u3002<\/span>1956\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u7406\u5858\u53bf\u5de5\u59d4\u5f00\u59cb\u90e8\u7f72\u571f\u6539\uff0c\u5ba3\u5e03\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0“\u548c\u5e73\u6539\u9769”\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u85cf\u4eba\u4e0a\u7f34\u6b66\u5668\u3002\u5f53\u5730\u571f\u53f8\u3001\u7406\u5858\u5bfa\u526f\u582a\u5e03\u7b49\u5546\u8ba8\u540e\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u53cd\u6297\u30022\u6708\uff0c\u7406\u5858\u5404\u90e8\u843d\u53ec\u96c6\u4eba\u9a6c3000\u4f59\u4eba\uff0c\u628a\u9a7b\u5728\u7406\u5858\u53bf\u57ce\u7684\u6570\u767e\u540d\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u5305\u56f4\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u6fc0\u6218\u6570\u65e5\u3002\u540e\u4e24\u4e2a\u56e2\u7684\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u63f4\u519b\u8d76\u5230\uff0c\u628a“\u53db\u519b”\u5305\u56f4\u5728\u7406\u5858\u5bfa\u5185\u3002\u7406\u5858\u5bfa\u4e43\u5eb7\u5357\u540d\u5bfa\uff0c\u6570\u767e\u5e62\u623f\u5c4b\u4f9d\u5c71\u800c\u5efa\uff0c\u5916\u6709\u56f4\u5899\uff0c\u5341\u5206\u575a\u56fa\uff0c\u6613\u5b88\u96be\u653b\u3002\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u6570\u653b\u4e0d\u514b\uff0c\u635f\u5931\u60e8\u91cd\u3002\u6d3e\u85cf\u4eba\u5e72\u90e8\u8fdb\u5bfa\u505a\u5de5\u4f5c“\u653f\u6cbb\u4e89\u53d6”\uff0c\u4e5f\u6536\u6548\u751a\u5fae\u3002\u800c\u7406\u5858\u5bfa\u5185\u7cae\u98df\u5145\u8db3\uff0c“\u53db\u519b”\u4ecd\u53ef\u957f\u671f\u8d1f\u9685\u987d\u6297\u3002\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u65b9\u9762\u5374\u9700\u8981\u901f\u6218\u901f\u51b3\uff0c\u4ee5\u7406\u5858\u6218\u7ee9\u9707\u6151\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u7684\u53cd\u53db\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u56db\u5ddd\u519b\u533a\u6025\u7535\u4e2d\u592e\u519b\u59d4\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6d3e\u7a7a\u519b\u914d\u5408\u4f5c\u6218\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u5f53\u65f6\u4e2d\u56fd\u7a7a\u519b\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u8fdc\u7a0b\u91cd\u578b\u8f70\u70b8\u673a\u90e8\u961f\u662f\u7a7a\u519b\u72ec\u7acb<\/span>4\u56e2\uff0c\u5f52\u4e2d\u592e\u519b\u59d4\u76f4\u63a5\u9886\u5bfc\u30023\u670829\u65e5\u4e0a\u5348\uff0c\u4e24\u67b6\u56fe-4\u8f70\u70b8\u673a\u4ece\u9655\u897f\u6b66\u529f\u673a\u573a\u9686\u9686\u8d77\u98de\uff0c\u5411\u5357\u7a7f\u8fc7\u79e6\u5cad\uff0c\u98de\u8fc7\u6c49\u4e2d\u76c6\u5730\u548c\u56db\u5ddd\u76c6\u5730\uff0c\u7ecf\u5eb7\u5b9a\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u8d21\u560e\u5c71\u53e3\uff0c\u98de\u5411\u7406\u5858\u3002\u673a\u4e0a\u643a\u5e2612\u679a\u4e00\u578b\u5b50\u6bcd\u5f39\uff0c\u4ea6\u79f0250\u516c\u65a4\u7ea7\u4e00\u578b\u96c6\u675f\u70b8\u5f39\u3002\u65e5\u5230\u4e2d\u5929\uff0c\u9ad8\u539f\u660e\u4e3d\u7684\u84dd\u5929\u4e0b\uff0c\u957f\u9752\u6625\u79d1\u5c14\u5bfa\u5927\u7ecf\u5802\u7684\u91d1\u9876\u95ea\u95ea\u53d1\u5149\u3002\u4e24\u67b6\u8f70\u70b8\u673a\u98de\u5230\u5bfa\u9662\u4e0a\u7a7a\u3002\u5bfa\u9662\u91cc\u7684\u50e7\u4fd7\u542c\u5230\u7a7a\u4e2d\u4f20\u6765\u5947\u602a\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u62ac\u8d77\u5934\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u4ece\u672a\u89c1\u8fc7\u7684\u9a87\u4eba\u666f\u8c61\uff1a“\u5929\u4e0a\u98de\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u89c1\u8fc7\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4f1a\u98de\u7684\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u50cf\u9e1f\u4e00\u6837\u957f\u7740\u7fc5\u8180\uff0c\u731b\u5730\u51b2\u4e0b\u6765\u3002”\u5f39\u5982\u96e8\u4e0b\uff0c\u7206\u70b8\u58f0\u9707\u8033\u6b32\u804b\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u5c71\u5934\u70df\u5c18\u6eda\u6eda……[xii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u628a\u56fe<\/span>-4\u8f70\u70b8\u673a\u7528\u4e8e“\u5e73\u53db”\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u573a\u6240\uff0c\u662f\u4e61\u57ce\u6851\u62ab\u5bfa\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u5ea7\u5eb7\u5357\u540d\u5bfa\u3002\u636e\u85cf\u4eba\u56de\u5fc6\uff0c\u571f\u6539\u5de5\u4f5c\u56e2\u5728\u4e61\u57ce\u63d0\u51fa7\u9879\u8981\u6c42\uff1a\u5587\u561b\u548c\u50e7\u4eba\u8fd8\u4fd7\uff1b\u5bfa\u9662\u8d22\u4ea7\u5f52\u516c\uff1b\u7981\u6b62\u4ece\u4e8b\u5b97\u6559\u6d3b\u52a8\uff1b\u6d88\u706d\u6709\u94b1\u4eba\uff1b\u6240\u6709\u571f\u5730\u6536\u5f52\u56fd\u6709\uff1b\u6240\u6709\u8d22\u4ea7\u6536\u5f52\u56fd\u6709\uff1b\u5168\u4f53\u4eba\u6c11\u670d\u4ece\u5e76\u652f\u6301\u519b\u961f\u3002[xiii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u85cf\u4eba\u62d2\u7edd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u805a\u4f172000\u591a\u4eba\u5305\u56f4\u4e86\u53bf\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u5207\u65ad\u6c34\u6e90\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u903c\u8feb\u653f\u5e9c\u4eba\u5458\u64a4\u51fa\u4e61\u57ce\u3002\u53cc\u65b9\u5bf9\u5cd910\u4f59\u5929\uff0c\u53bf\u653f\u5e9c\u5411\u5eb7\u5b9a\u5730\u59d4\u6c42\u63f4\uff0c\u800c\u5730\u59d4\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u662f“\u7531\u4e8e\u53d1\u751f\u53db\u4e71\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u592a\u591a\uff0c\u5175\u529b\u5df2\u7ecf\u6d3e\u5c3d”\uff0c\u65e0\u5948\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e61\u57ce\u53bf\u59d4\u901a\u8fc7\u56db\u5ddd\u7701\u59d4\u76f4\u63a5\u5411\u5317\u4eac\u6c42\u6551\uff0c\u56db\u5ddd\u7701\u59d4\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u662f“\u4e61\u57ce\u767e\u4f59\u540c\u5fd7\u88ab\u56f4\u534a\u6708\u6709\u4f59\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u7f3a\u5f39\u836f\u3001\u7f3a\u6c34\u3001\u7f3a\u7cae\uff0c\u8fd8\u5728\u575a\u6301\uff0c\u7701\u59d4\u65e0\u90e8\u961f\u53ef\u6d3e\u8c03\uff0c\u8bf7\u4e2d\u592e\u7acb\u5373\u60f3\u6cd5\u6551\u63f4\u4e61\u57ce\u5e72\u90e8”\u3002\u5468\u6069\u6765\u5f53\u5373\u6279\u793a\uff1a“\u6d3e\u964d\u843d\u4f1e\u5175\u90e8\u961f\u89e3\u6551\u4e61\u57ce\u5e72\u90e8”\u3002\u4e61\u57ce\u5de5\u59d4\u89c1\u5230\u7701\u59d4\u8f6c\u53d1\u7684\u6279\u793a\u540e\u7acb\u523b\u7535\u544a\u4e2d\u592e\uff1a\u4e61\u57ce\u5730\u5f62\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4e0d\u9002\u4e8e\u6d3e\u4f1e\u5175\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u901f\u4ece\u4e91\u5357\u6d3e\u5730\u9762\u90e8\u961f\u9a70\u63f4\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6d3e\u98de\u673a\u8f70\u70b8“\u53db\u519b\u6307\u6325\u90e8”\uff0c\u5373\u6851\u62ab\u5bfa\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u98de\u673a\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0a\u6765\u5c31\u6254\u70b8\u5f39\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5148\u6492\u4f20\u5355\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u7528\u6c49\u85cf\u4e24\u79cd\u6587\u5b57\u5199\u7740\uff1a“\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u4f60\u4eec\u5f53\u4e2d\u5927\u591a\u6570\u90fd\u662f\u53d7\u4e86\u6b3a\u9a97\u7684\u597d\u4eba\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5fcd\u5c06\u70b8\u5f39\u6254\u5728\u4f60\u4eec\u7684\u5934\u4e0a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u542c\u4fe1\u574f\u4eba\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u4f5c\u5bf9\uff0c\u70b8\u5f39\u9a6c\u4e0a\u5c31\u4f1a\u843d\u5728\u4f60\u4eec\u5934\u4e0a\uff0c\u90a3\u65f6\uff0c\u540e\u6094\u5c31\u8fdf\u4e86\uff01”\u6254\u6492\u4f20\u5355\u548c\u5728\u8fdc\u5904\u5c71\u5934\u629b\u63b7\u70b8\u5f39\u4ee5\u793a\u9707\u6151\u5747\u65e0\u6548\u679c\u540e\uff0c\u56fe<\/span>-4\u8f70\u70b8\u673a\u518d\u6b21\u547c\u5578\u800c\u6765\uff0c“\u6570\u5341\u679a\u70b8\u5f39\u843d\u8fdb\u5bfa\u9662\uff0c\u6851\u62ab\u5bfa\u53d7\u5230\u6bc1\u706d\u6027\u6253\u51fb\uff1a3\u5ea7\u4f5b\u6bbf\u3001\u7ea640\u5ea7\u50e7\u820d\u88ab\u70b8\u6bc1\uff0c\u4e24\u767e\u591a\u540d\u50e7\u4fd7\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u8f70\u70b8\u505c\u6b62\u540e\uff0c\u5e78\u5b58\u7684\u85cf\u4eba\u51b2\u51fa\u5bfa\u9662\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u6295\u964d\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u9003\u8fdb\u5c71\u91cc\u3002”[xiv]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u77ed\u6682\u7684\u5b89\u629a<\/span><\/p>

                  <\/span><\/p>

\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u5171\u85cf\u533a\u793e\u4f1a\u6539\u9020\u7684\u603b\u8ba1\u5212\u4e2d\uff0c\u7387\u5148\u5728\u5468\u8fb9\u85cf\u533a\u63a8\u884c\u571f\u6539\u548c“\u6c11\u4e3b\u6539\u9769”\uff0c\u672c\u6765\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ed9\u672a\u6765\u7684\u897f\u85cf\u6539\u9020\u63d0\u4f9b“\u6837\u677f”<\/strong>\u3002\u6709\u674e\u7ef4\u6c49\u7684\u8bb2\u8bdd\u4e3a\u8bc1\u3002\u8fd9\u4f4d\u8001\u8d44\u683c\u7684\u4e2d\u5171\u9769\u547d\u5bb6\u5728<\/span>1956\u5e742\u670828\u65e5\u7b2c\u4e94\u6b21\u5168\u56fd\u7edf\u6218\u5de5\u4f5c\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u7684\u53d1\u8a00\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a“\u6211\u4eec\u8bbe\u60f3\uff0c\u5728\u9752\u6d77\u3001\u7518\u8083\uff0c\u5728\u56db\u5ddd\uff0c\u505a\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u548c\u5e73\u6539\u9020\u7684\u699c\u6837\uff0c\u8ba9\u897f\u85cf\u5730\u533a\u7684\u7fa4\u4f17\u3001\u897f\u85cf\u5730\u533a\u7684\u4e0a\u5c42\u4eba\u7269\u53bb\u770b\u4e00\u770b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u699c\u6837\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4eec\u89c9\u5f97\u5f88\u597d\uff0c\u56de\u53bb\u4e5f\u613f\u610f\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u52a0\u901f\u4e86\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u6539\u9020\u3002”[xv]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u7edf\u6218\u90e8\u4e5f\u786e\u5b9e\u6b63\u5728\u843d\u5b9e\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5173\u4e8e“\u641e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b49\u91cf\u7684\u529e\u6cd5”\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0“\u548c\u5e73\u8d4e\u4e70”\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u6b64\u53d1\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4f46\u5df2\u7ecf\u665a\u4e86\u3002\u7ee71956\u5e743~4\u6708\u5728\u56db\u5ddd\u7518\u5b5c\u3001\u963f\u575d\u53d1\u751f\u66b4\u4e71\u540e\uff08\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u6709\u51c9\u5c71\u5f5d\u65cf\u5730\u533a\u7684\u66b4\u4e71\uff09\uff0c6\u6708\u521d\uff0c\u9752\u6d77\u3001\u7518\u8083\u85cf\u533a\u53c8\u63a5\u8fde“\u51fa\u4e8b”\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u56db\u7701\u5468\u8fb9\u85cf\u533a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u66b4\u4e71\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u8d85\u4e4e\u4e2d\u5171\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u7684\u9884\u6599\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u6309\u7167\u4e2d\u5171\u653f\u6cbb\u6597\u4e89\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u85cf\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6b66\u88c5\u6297\u8bae\u884c\u52a8\u81ea\u7136\u5c5e\u4e8e“\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u53db\u4e71”\u3002<\/span>1956\u5e744\u67089\u65e5\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u5173\u4e8e“\u53db\u4e71”\u7684“\u60c5\u51b5\u901a\u62a5”\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9a\u6027\u3002[xvi]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u540c\u5e747\u670822\u65e5\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u542c\u53d6\u6709\u5173\u60c5\u51b5\u6c47\u62a5\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f3a\u8c03\u5728\u7518\u5b5c\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5176“\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6c11\u65cf\u6597\u4e89”\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u627f\u8ba4“\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6218\u4e89\u5e26\u6709\u7fa4\u4f17\u6027”\u3002[xvii]<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/span> \u8fd9\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/strong>\u4f46\u6bdb\u4e5f\u6307\u793a\u7edf\u6218\u90e8\u548c\u56db\u5ddd\u7701\u59d4\u8981\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u8ba9\u6b65\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u5bf9\u62c9\u8428\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>

 <\/p>

\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u5468\u6069\u6765\u7279\u522b\u53ec\u96c6\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u7684\u5404\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u4e0a\u5c42\u4eba\u58eb\u5f00\u4f1a\u4f20\u8fbe\u4e2d\u592e\u7cbe\u795e\u3002\u5468\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u575a\u6301\u8bf4\uff0c“\u515a\u4e2d\u592e\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u56db\u5ddd\u7518\u5b5c\u85cf\u65cf\u81ea\u6cbb\u5dde\u548c\u51c9\u5c71\u5f5d\u65cf\u81ea\u6cbb\u5dde\u7684\u6539\u9769\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u5404\u6c11\u65cf\u90fd\u8981\u8fc7\u6e21\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u5730\u533a\u90fd\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u6c11\u4e3b\u6539\u9769\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u6539\u9020\uff0c\u6d88\u706d\u5265\u524a\u5236\u5ea6”\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8bb2“\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u8981\u4f30\u8ba1\u5230\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0d\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u7f3a\u70b9\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u7684”\uff0c“\u4f46\u662f\u53d1\u751f\u53db\u4e71\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u638c\u63e1\u6b66\u5668\uff0c\u60f3\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u8f83\u91cf\u8f83\u91cf”\u3002\u5173\u4e8e“\u8ba9\u6b65”\uff0c\u5468\u6069\u6765\u8c08\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e9b\u610f\u89c1\uff1a\u529b\u4e89\u548c\u5e73\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u8981\u6839\u636e\u7fa4\u4f17\u610f\u613f\uff0c\u53d6\u5f97\u4e0a\u5c42\u4eba\u58eb\u540c\u610f\u540e\u518d\u8fdb\u884c\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5730\u4e3b\u7684\u591a\u4f59\u7272\u755c\u3001\u591a\u4f59\u519c\u5177\u3001\u591a\u4f59\u7cae\u98df\u3001\u591a\u4f59\u623f\u5c4b\u8fd9\u56db\u9879\u6d6e\u8d22\u4e0d\u52a8\uff1b\u5bf9\u85cf\u533a\u5bfa\u5e99\u91c7\u53d6\u66f4\u8c28\u614e\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u5bfa\u9662\u7684\u8015\u5730\u8d22\u4ea7\u6682\u4e0d\u52a8\uff1b\u5bf9\u73b0\u5728\u8fd8\u5728\u5c71\u4e0a\u7684\u53db\u4e71\u6b66\u88c5\u505c\u6218\u548c\u8c08\u3002<\/span>[xviii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u5468\u6069\u6765\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u610f\u89c1\u53f2\u79f0“\u4e2d\u592e\u4e03\u6708\u6307\u793a”\uff0c\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f20\u8fbe\u3002\u4e2d\u592e\u8fd8\u6d3e\u51fa\u6170\u95ee\u56e2\u8d70\u8bbf\u85cf\u533a\uff0c\u53d1\u653e\u6170\u95ee\u54c1\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6587\u827a\u6f14\u51fa\uff0c\u653e\u6620\u7535\u5f71\uff0c\u6d3e\u51fa\u533b\u7597\u961f\u4e3a\u6c11\u4f17\u514d\u8d39\u6cbb\u75c5\uff0c\u4ee5\u56fe\u633d\u56de\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u597d\u666f\u4e0d\u957f\u3002<\/span>1957\u5e743\u67085\u65e5\u548c9\u65e5\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u4e66\u8bb0\u5904\u4e66\u8bb0\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u8fde\u7eed\u4e3b\u6301\u4e24\u6b21\u897f\u85cf\u5de5\u4f5c\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002\u524d\u4e00\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ecd\u51b3\u5b9a\u897f\u85cf“\u6682\u4e0d\u6539\u9769”\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46“6\u5e74\u4e0d\u6539”\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8981\u8003\u8651“11\u5e74\u4e0d\u6539”\uff0c“\u76ee\u524d\u897f\u85cf\u5de5\u4f5c\u4ee5\u5927\u4e0b\u9a6c\u4e3a\u7d27\u6025\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4e0b\u9a6c\u8d8a\u5feb\u8d8a\u597d\uff0c\u4eba\u5458\u5185\u64a4\u8d8a\u5feb\u8d8a\u597d”\u3002[xix]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u800c\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u5219\u505a\u51fa“\u6c5f\u4e1c\uff08\u91d1\u6c99\u6c5f\u4ee5\u4e1c\u5730\u533a\uff09\u575a\u51b3\u6539”\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981“\u575a\u51b3\u6539”\uff1f\u7528\u56db\u5ddd\u7701\u3001\u5730\u3001\u53bf\u5b98\u5458\u7684\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff1a\u4ed7\u6253\u4e86\uff0c\u4eba\u6740\u4e86\uff0c\u5bfa\u9662\u70b8\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u6b64\u505c\u4e0b\u6765\u5c31\u7b49\u4e8e\u627f\u8ba41956\u5e74\u7684\u571f\u6539\u9519\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u80fd“\u534a\u9014\u800c\u5e9f”\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u89c1\u663e\u7136\u5f97\u5230\u4e2d\u5171\u51b3\u7b56\u5c42\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\u3002\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u5728\u4e3b\u6301\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u5f3a\u8c03“\u6c5f\u4e1c\u5fc5\u987b\u6539”\u65f6\u5c31\u8bb2\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u63a8\u8fdb\u6c11\u4e3b\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u8981\u51c6\u5907\u4e0d\u60dc\u6253\u5927\u4ed7\uff1a“\u4e0d\u8981\u72b9\u8c6b\uff0c\u8d8a\u72b9\u8c6b\u8d8a\u574f\uff0c\u8981\u4f1a\u6253\uff0c\u8981\u6253\u5f97\u72e0\uff0c\u51c6\u5907\u5927\u6253”\uff1b“\u8fd9\u662f\u6218\u4e89\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u6628\u5929\u4ed6\u4eec\u672a\u6253\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u6253\uff0c\u5e94\u96c6\u4e2d\u529b\u91cf\u4e00\u5757\u4e00\u5757\u5730\u641e\uff0c\u4e00\u7247\u4e00\u7247\u5730\u5e73\u606f\uff0c\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e0d\u8981\u653e\u677e\u653f\u6cbb\u4e89\u53d6\u548c\u519b\u4e8b\u6253\u51fb\uff0c\u6253\u4e00\u4e9b\u597d\u4ed7\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u4e89\u53d6”\u3002[xx]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>

 <\/strong><\/p>

\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u4e2d\u5171\u9ad8\u5c42\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u601d\u8003\u3001\u5224\u65ad\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff01<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u4e3a\u4e86\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684“\u4e2d\u592e\u4e09\u6708\u6307\u793a”\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u5eb7\u5b9a\u519b\u5206\u533a\u4e8e<\/span>3\u670822\u65e5\u7ec4\u5efa\u5eb7\u5317\u3001\u5eb7\u5357\u4e24\u4e2a“\u5e73\u53db\u6307\u6325\u90e8”\u30023\u6708\u5e95\uff0c\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u603b\u53c2\u8c0b\u957f\u7c9f\u88d5\u4eb2\u8d74\u6210\u90fd\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u548c\u4e2d\u592e\u519b\u59d4\u90e8\u7f72“\u5728\u519b\u4e8b\u4e0a\u4fdd\u969c\u91d1\u6c99\u6c5f\u4ee5\u4e1c\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u5730\u533a\u6c11\u4e3b\u6539\u9769\u7684\u95ee\u9898”\u30025\u67082\u65e5\u81f36\u65e5\uff0c\u5ddd\u3001\u6ec7\u3001\u9752\u3001\u7518\u56db\u7701\u519b\u5206\u533a\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u53ca\u660c\u90fd\u5de5\u59d4\u4e66\u8bb0\u4e3e\u884c\u519b\u4e8b\u8054\u5e2d\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u7c9f\u88d5\u8f6c\u8fbe\u4e2d\u592e\u610f\u56fe\uff1a“\u519b\u4e8b\u4e0a\u6211\u4eec\u4ed7\u8d8a\u6253\u5f97\u597d\uff0c\u6d88\u706d\u654c\u4eba\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u8d8a\u80fd\u4fc3\u6210\u8c08\u5224\uff0c\u8d8a\u5bb9\u6613\u628a\u7fa4\u4f17\u53d1\u52a8\u8d77\u6765”\u3002[xxi]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

“\u8d8a\u5bb9\u6613\u628a\u7fa4\u4f17\u53d1\u52a8\u8d77\u6765”——\u4f3c\u4e4e“\u6253”\u4e43\u81f3“\u5927\u6253”\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86“\u53d1\u52a8\u7fa4\u4f17”\u3001“\u89e3\u653e\u7fa4\u4f17”\uff01\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u8bdd\u4ece\u7c9f\u88d5\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u519b\u4eba\u53e3\u4e2d\u8bf4\u51fa\u5e76\u975e\u717d\u60c5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5bf9\u654c\u6597\u4e89\u4e2d\u6210\u957f\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u4e2d\u5171\u5404\u7ea7\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u60ef\u6027\u601d\u7ef4\uff1b\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f53\u4e2d\u9690\u542b\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6096\u8c2c\uff0c\u5374\u81f3\u4eca\u4ee4\u4eba\u611f\u53f9\u4e0d\u5df2<\/strong>\uff01<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

“\u5927\u8dc3\u8fdb”\u4e0e\u85cf\u533a“\u5e73\u53db”<\/span><\/p>

 <\/strong><\/p>

\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u56de\u8fc7\u5934\u6765\u53cd\u601d\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bb5\u5386\u53f2\u60b2\u5267\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u85cf\u533a\u5c40\u9762\u7684\u6076\u5316\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u793e\u4f1a\u6539\u9020\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u5347\u7ea7\u6709\u5173\u3002<\/span><\/strong>1955\u5e74\u590f\u79cb\u7a81\u7136\u5347\u6e29\u7684\u5185\u5730\u5408\u4f5c\u5316\u8fd0\u52a8\u50ac\u751f\u4e86\u56db\u7701\u85cf\u533a“\u4e8c\u5408\u4e00”\u5f0f\u7684“\u6c11\u4e3b\u6539\u9769”\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u707e\u96be\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\uff1b\u800c1958\u5e74\u7684“\u5927\u8dc3\u8fdb\u8fd0\u52a8”\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u5bf9\u85cf\u533a\u5c40\u52bf\u4ea7\u751f\u6076\u6027\u50ac\u53d1\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f7f\u672c\u6765\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f88\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u5f62\u52bf\u52a0\u901f\u5411\u707e\u96be\u6df1\u5904\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

 <\/p>

1958\u5e741\u67081\u65e5\uff0c\u300a\u4eba\u6c11\u65e5\u62a5\u300b\u53d1\u8868\u5143\u65e6\u793e\u8bba“\u4e58\u98ce\u7834\u6d6a”\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa“\u9f13\u8db3\u5e72\u52b2\u3001\u529b\u4e89\u4e0a\u6e38”\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u793e\u8bba\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u529b\u56fe\u63a8\u8fdb“\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5efa\u8bbe”\u548c\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u793e\u4f1a\u6539\u9020\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u6025\u5207\u5fc3\u60c5\u3002\u6bdb\u672c\u4eba\u57281957\u5e74\u5e95\u52301958\u5e743\u6708\u53ec\u5f00\u7684\u676d\u5dde\u4f1a\u8bae\u3001\u5357\u5b81\u4f1a\u8bae\u3001\u6210\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u591a\u6b21\u8bb2\u8bdd\uff0c\u6279\u8bc4\u5468\u6069\u6765\u7b49\u4eba\u7684“\u53cd\u5192\u8fdb”\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u8981“\u7834\u66ae\u6c14\uff0c\u8bb2\u671d\u6c14”\uff0c\u8981\u63d0\u5021“\u9769\u547d\u6d3e\u7684\u597d\u5927\u559c\u529f”\u3002[xxii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> “\u5927\u8dc3\u8fdb”\u5df2\u7ecf\u547c\u4e4b\u6b32\u51fa\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u8fdc\u5728\u62c9\u8428\u7684\u897f\u85cf\u5de5\u59d4\u5728“\u5927\u8dc3\u8fdb”\u7cbe\u795e\u611f\u53ec\u4e0b\u4e5f“\u9769\u547d\u60c5\u7eea\u9ad8\u6da8\uff0c\u5e72\u52b2\u500d\u589e”\uff0c“\u8ba4\u4e3a\u897f\u85cf\u9ad8\u539f\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u653e‘\u536b\u661f’”\u3002<\/span>[xxiii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u4f46\u6709\u300a\u5341\u4e03\u6761\u534f\u8bae\u300b\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6682\u65f6\u8fd8\u4e0d\u80fd\u653e\u624b\u5927\u5e72\u3002\u9752\u6d77\u7701\u59d4\u5c31\u4e0d\u540c\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u56db\u5ddd\u85cf\u533a\u53d1\u751f“\u53db\u4e71”\u540e\uff0c\u9752\u6d77\u7701\u59d4\u672c\u6765\u5df2\u7ecf\u51b3\u5b9a\u653e\u6162\u7267\u533a\u5408\u4f5c\u5316\u8fdb\u5ea6\uff1b\u4f46“\u5927\u8dc3\u8fdb”\u4fc3\u4f7f\u9752\u6d77\u8fc5\u901f\u56de\u5230\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u8f68\u9053\u4e0a\u6765<\/strong>\u30021958\u5e743\u670811\u65e5\uff0c\u300a\u9752\u6d77\u65e5\u62a5\u300b\u5927\u5e45\u62a5\u9053\u4e86\u9752\u6d77\u7701\u59d4\u7b2c\u4e94\u5c4a\u5168\u4f53\uff08\u6269\u5927\uff09\u4f1a\u8bae\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8981“\u82e6\u62185\u5e74\u6539\u53d8\u9752\u6d77\u843d\u540e\u9762\u8c8c”\u3001“\u514b\u670d\u53f3\u503e\u4fdd\u5b88\u601d\u60f3\u5b9e\u73b0\u5168\u9762\u5927\u8dc3\u8fdb”\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9752\u6d77\u7701\u59d4\u521a\u521a“\u6e05\u7b97”\u4e86“\u53f3\u6d3e\u5206\u5b50”\u3001\u524d\u9752\u6d77\u7701\u7701\u957f\u5b59\u4f5c\u5bbe\u7684“\u53cd\u515a\u7f6a\u884c”\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a“\u7f6a\u884c”\u4e4b\u4e00\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4f4d\u7701\u957f\u66fe\u5411\u9752\u6d77\u4e0a\u5c42\u4eba\u58eb\u8bb8\u8bfa\u6682\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u755c\u7267\u4e1a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u6539\u9020\u3002[xxiv]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u6b63\u662f\u5728“\u5927\u8dc3\u8fdb”\u6025\u6025\u98ce\u4e00\u6837\u767b\u573a\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684\u9752\u6d77“\u5faa\u5316\u4e8b\u4ef6”\u3002\u5faa\u5316\u662f\u5341\u4e16\u73ed\u7985\u5587\u561b\u7684\u5bb6\u4e61\u3002\u8fd9\u4f4d“\u7ea2\u8272\u73ed\u7985”\u4e00\u76f4\u79ef\u6781\u914d\u5408\u4e2d\u5171\u63a8\u8fdb\u85cf\u533a\u6539\u9769\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u591a\u6b21\u4e3b\u5f20\u628a\u624e\u4ec0\u4f26\u5e03\u5bfa\u6240\u5728\u7684\u65e5\u5580\u5219\u5730\u533a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6539\u9769\u8bd5\u70b9\u3002\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\uff0c\u6070\u6070\u662f\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u6545\u4e61\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u9a87\u4eba\u542c\u95fb\u7684\u60e8\u5267\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

4\u6708\u4e0a\u65ec\uff0c\u5faa\u5316\u53bf\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u5168\u53bf\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u85cf\u65cf\u7267\u4e1a\u4e61\u521a\u5bdf\u4e61\u5f3a\u884c\u63a8\u884c\u755c\u7267\u4e1a\u7684“\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u6539\u9020”\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u9884\u9632\u53db\u4e71\uff0c\u8fd8\u628a\u66fe\u505a\u8fc7\u73ed\u7985\u8001\u5e08\u7684\u6e29\u90fd\u5bfa\u6d3b\u4f5b\u3001\u526f\u53bf\u957f\u52a0\u4e43\u5316\u7b49\u4e0a\u5c42\u4eba\u58eb\u96c6\u4e2d\u5230\u53bf\u57ce“\u5b66\u4e60”\u3002\u4f46“\u6539\u9020”\u8fd8\u662f\u906d\u5230\u521a\u5bdf\u4e61\u85cf\u4eba\u7684\u6297\u62d2\u30024\u670818\u65e5\uff0c\u85cf\u4eba\u4ee5\u8425\u6551\u52a0\u4e43\u5316\u6d3b\u4f5b\u4e3a\u53f7\u53ec\uff0c\u805a\u4f17200\u4f59\u4eba\uff0c“\u5305\u56f4\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ec4\u9a7b\u5730\uff0c\u67aa\u6740\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ec4\u7ec4\u957f\uff0c\u5c06\u4e61\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u4f9b\u9500\u793e\u62a2\u52ab\u4e00\u7a7a”\uff0c\u53c8\u4e8e4\u670824\u65e5\u805a\u4f17\u6570\u5343\u4eba\u653b\u6253\u5faa\u5316\u53bf\u57ce\u3002\u519b\u65b9\u95fb\u8baf\uff0c\u8fc5\u901f\u8d76\u6765“\u5e73\u53db”——<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

25\u65e5\u62c2\u6653\uff0c\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u4e24\u4e2a\u56e2\uff0c\u6e21\u8fc7\u9ec4\u6cb3\uff0c\u5305\u56f4\u4e86\u53db\u4e71\u5206\u5b50\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c24\u65e5\u4e0b\u5348\uff0c\uff08\u85cf\u4eba\u9996\u9886\uff09\u97e9\u4e59\u5974\u548c\u5974\u65e5\u6d2a\u5e03\u89c1\u653b\u57ce\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f97\u624b\uff0c\u53c8\u53d1\u73b0\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u5728\u9ec4\u6cb3\u5317\u5cb8\u96c6\u7ed3\uff0c\u4fbf\u7387\u9886\u6b66\u88c5\u53db\u4e71\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u8d81\u6df7\u4e71\u4e4b\u673a\uff0c\u6084\u6084\u9003\u8dd1\u4e86\uff0c\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\uff0c\u5168\u662f\u4e0d\u660e\u771f\u76f8\uff0c\u624b\u65e0\u5bf8\u94c1\uff0c\u4e00\u5fc3\u53ea\u60f3\u6551\u51fa\u6d3b\u4f5b\u7684\u50e7\u4fd7\u7fa4\u4f17\u3002\u5728\u5305\u6284\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u660e\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u51fb\u6bd9500\u4f59\u4eba\uff0c\u540e\u56e0\u53d1\u73b0\u53db\u4e71\u5206\u5b50\u6beb\u65e0\u8fd8\u51fb\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u624b\u4e2d\u8fde\u6839\u68cd\u68d2\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\uff0c\u6218\u58eb\u4fbf\u81ea\u52a8\u505c\u6b62\u5c04\u51fb\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u53c8\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u641c\u6355\uff0c\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u9752\u58ee\u5e74\u7537\u5b50\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e00\u4e9b\u5987\u5973\u548c\u8001\u4eba\uff0c\u7edf\u7edf\u5f53\u6210\u4fd8\u864f\uff0c\u6293\u4e86\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0b\u5348\u5c31\u6293\u4e862500\u4f59\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u5f53\u65f6\u5168\u53bf\u85cf\u65cf\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u4e0d\u8fc711000\u4f59\u4eba\u3002\u540c\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u52a0\u4e43\u5316\u6d3b\u4f5b\u5f97\u77e5\u6d88\u606f\u540e\uff0c\u5728“\u5b66\u4e60\u73ed”\u81ea\u6740\u3002[xxv]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u4e8b\u60c5\u53d1\u751f\u540e\uff0c\u9752\u6d77\u7701\u59d4\u5c06“\u5faa\u5316\u53db\u4e71\u4e8b\u4ef6”\u7684\u7ecf\u8fc7\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\uff0c\u5e76\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86<\/span>4\u6761“\u6559\u8bad”\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d“\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u6761”\u662f“\u9636\u7ea7\u77db\u76fe\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u8fc7\u6e21\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u5168\u515a\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u6301\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8b66\u60d5\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u514b\u670d\u53f3\u503e\u9ebb\u75f9\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e00\u5207\u9636\u7ea7\u654c\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u575a\u51b3\u7684\u6597\u4e89”\u3002\u800c\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u7adf\u7136“\u80af\u5b9a\u4e86\u9752\u6d77\u7701\u59d4\u7684\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u5e76\u6279\u8f6c\u5168\u56fd”\u3002[xxvi]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u672c\u4eba\u5c31\u66fe\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4efd\u9752\u6d77\u7701\u59d4\u5173\u4e8e“\u53db\u4e71”\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u505a\u51fa\u6279\u793a\uff1a\u9752\u6d77\u53cd\u52a8\u6d3e\u53db\u4e71\uff0c\u6781\u597d\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u4eba\u6c11\u89e3\u653e\u7684\u65f6\u673a\u5c31\u5230\u4e86\u3002\u9752\u6d77\u7701\u59d4\u7684\u65b9\u9488\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002\u897f\u85cf\u5e94\u51c6\u5907\u5bf9\u4ed8\u90a3\u91cc\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u53db\u4e71\uff0c\u4e71\u5b50\u8d8a\u5927\u8d8a\u597d\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u897f\u85cf\u53cd\u52a8\u6d3e\u6562\u4e8e\u53d1\u52a8\u5168\u5c40\u53db\u4e71\uff0c\u90a3\u91cc\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u4eba\u6c11\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u65e9\u65e5\u83b7\u5f97\u89e3\u653e\uff0c\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u4e49\u3002<\/span>[xxvii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u65e2\u7136\u5982\u6b64\uff0c“\u5e73\u53db”\u8fd8\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u53ef\u624b\u8f6f\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u81f3<\/span>1958\u5e74\u590f\u79cb\uff0c“\u9752\u6d77\u5168\u7701\u85cf\u4eba\u7684\u53cd\u6297\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ce2\u53ca5\u4e2a\u81ea\u6cbb\u5dde\u300124\u4e2a\u53bf\u3001240\u4e2a\u90e8\u843d\u3001307\u5ea7\u5bfa\u9662\uff0c\u516c\u5f00\u53cd\u6297\u8005\u8fbe10\u4e07\u591a\u4eba\u3002\u4e2d\u5171\u6295\u51655\u4e2a\u5e08\u548c30\u4e2a\u5305\u62ec\u5404\u5175\u79cd\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u5175\u529b\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a15\u4e2a\u6c11\u5175\u9a91\u5175\u8fde\u548c8\u4e2a\u6c11\u5175\u6b65\u5175\u8fde\uff0c\u52a8\u7528\u7a7a\u519b\u3001\u70ae\u5175\u3001\u6b65\u5175\u3001\u9a91\u5175\u3001\u88c5\u7532\u5175\u7b49\u519b\u79cd\uff0c\u5728\u9752\u6d77\u5c55\u5f00\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u519b\u4e8b\u9547\u538b\u3002”[xxviii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u5728\u56db\u5ddd\uff0c\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u4e5f\u81f3\u5c11\u52a8\u7528\u4e8610\u4e2a\u56e2\u7684\u5175\u529b\uff0c\u5728\u7518\u5b5c\u5730\u533a\u5c55\u5f00\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6ce2“\u5e73\u53db”\u3002\u6574\u4e2a1958\u5e74\u662f“\u897f\u5357\u897f\u5317\u79d8\u5bc6\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u9ad8\u5cf0”\uff0c[xxix]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u5170\u5dde\u3001\u6210\u90fd\u3001\u6606\u660e\u4e09\u5927\u519b\u533a\u7684\u6570\u4e07\u7cbe\u9510\u90e8\u961f\u5728\u5404\u5730\u85cf\u533a\u4f5c\u6218\uff0c\u56f4\u527f“\u53db\u4e71\u5206\u5b50”\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5927\u6279\u85cf\u6c11\u4e3a\u9003\u907f“\u6539\u9769”\u6216\u8eb2\u907f\u6218\u4e71\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u5df2\u9003\u79bb\u5bb6\u56ed\u3002\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u62c9\u8428\u8fd9\u4e2a\u85cf\u4eba\u671d\u5723\u4e4b\u5730\u6210\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u6700\u540e\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u6210\u7fa4\u7ed3\u961f\u7684\u85cf\u4eba\u8bd5\u56fe\u897f\u6d89\u91d1\u6c99\u6c5f\uff0c\u524d\u5f80\u62c9\u8428\u548c\u536b\u85cf\u5730\u533a\u907f\u96be\uff0c\u800c“\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u5728\u5eb7\u5357\u90e8\u7f72<\/span>7\u4e2a\u56e2\uff0c\u5eb7\u5317\u90e8\u7f723\u4e2a\u56e2\uff0c\u5e76\u4e25\u5bc6\u5c01\u9501\u91d1\u6c99\u6c5f\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u5927\u91cf\u9003\u79bb\u5bb6\u56ed\u7684\u519c\u6c11\u3001\u7267\u6c11\u548c\u50e7\u4fa3\u9003\u5411\u5317\u65b9\u7267\u533a\u3002\u832b\u832b\u8349\u539f\u4e0a\uff0c\u56db\u6563\u7740\u4e00\u7fa4\u7fa4\u96be\u6c11\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u662f\u51e0\u4e2a\u5bb6\u5ead\u540c\u884c\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u90e8\u843d\u51fa\u5954\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e86‘\u53db\u532a’\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u7684‘\u6b7c\u706d’\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u9003\u96be\u8005\u4e00\u8def\u88ab\u9a91\u5175\u8ffd\u6740\u3001\u6b65\u5175\u56f4\u527f\u3001\u7a7a\u519b\u8f70\u70b8\u3002\u6ee5\u6740\u6210\u4e3a\u5e38\u6001\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u4e3a‘\u8bef\u4f24’\u6216\u8005‘\u8bef\u70b8’\u627f\u62c5\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6253\u6b7b\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u4eba\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u8d34\u4e0a‘\u53db\u532a’\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6740\u622e\u90fd\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u7406\u6240\u5f53\u7136\u3002\u9003\u4ea1\u4e4b\u8def\u4e5f\u662f\u751f\u6b7b\u4e4b\u8def\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u88ab\u6253\u6b7b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u662f‘\u53db\u532a’\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u6355\u83b7\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u662f‘\u88ab\u89e3\u6551\u7684\u7fa4\u4f17’\uff0c\u6210\u6279\u585e\u8fdb\u5361\u8f66\uff0c\u62bc\u89e3\u9063\u8fd4\u5bb6\u4e61\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u7684\u6210\u5e74\u7537\u5b50\u88ab\u9010\u4e00\u6311\u51fa\uff0c\u6216\u5173\u8fdb\u76d1\u72f1\uff0c\u6216\u9001\u53bb\u96c6\u8bad\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7537\u5b50\u4ece\u6b64\u4e0b\u843d\u4e0d\u660e\u3002……” <\/span>[xxx]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u6570\u4e07\u85cf\u4eba\u5386\u5c3d\u8270\u8f9b\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u8fdb\u5165\u897f\u85cf\u3002<\/span>[xxxi]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> <\/p>

 <\/p>

\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u82e6\u96be\u7ecf\u5386\u6784\u6210<\/span>1959\u5e74\u62c9\u8428“3.10”\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u60b2\u5267\u6027\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f55\u4ee5\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u4f55\u4ee5\u5fc5\u7136\u53d1\u751f<\/strong>\u7684\u6700\u6839\u672c\u3001\u4e5f\u6700\u5408\u4e4e\u60c5\u7406\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u5728\u4e2d\u5171\u5b98\u65b9\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u53d9\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span>1959\u5e743\u6708\u62c9\u8428\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a“\u53db\u4e71”\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c2009\u5e743\u67082\u65e5\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u767d\u76ae\u4e66\u300a\u897f\u85cf\u6c11\u4e3b\u6539\u976950\u5e74\u300b\u5728\u9648\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u7ecf\u8fc7\u65f6\u79f0\uff1a\u672c\u6765\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u4e3b\u52a8\u8981\u6c423\u670810\u65e5\u53bb\u897f\u85cf\u519b\u533a\u793c\u5802\u89c2\u770b\u6587\u827a\u6f14\u51fa\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5934\u4e00\u5929\u665a\u4e0a“\u62c9\u8428\u58a8\u672c\uff08\u5e02\u957f\uff09\u5374\u717d\u52a8\u5e02\u6c11\u8bf4\uff1a\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u660e\u5929\u8981\u53bb\u519b\u533a\u8d74\u5bb4\u3001\u770b\u620f\uff0c\u6c49\u4eba\u51c6\u5907\u4e86\u98de\u673a\uff0c\u8981\u628a\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u52ab\u5f80\u5317\u4eac”\uff0c\u6b21\u65e5\u6668“\u53db\u4e71\u5206\u5b50\u80c1\u8feb2000\u591a\u4eba\u53bb\u7f57\u5e03\u6797\u5361\uff0c\u6563\u5e03‘\u519b\u533a\u8981\u6bd2\u6b7b\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b’\u8c23\u8a00\uff0c\u547c\u558a‘\u897f\u85cf\u72ec\u7acb’\u3001‘\u8d76\u8d70\u6c49\u4eba’\u7684\u53e3\u53f7”\uff0c\u8fd8\u6253\u6b7b\u3001\u6253\u4f24\u85cf\u65cf\u7231\u56fd\u8fdb\u6b65\u4eba\u58eb\u3002\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u672c\u4eba\u4e8e\u4e00\u5468\u540e\u76843\u670817\u65e5\u5e26\u90e8\u5206\u968f\u4ece\u9003\u79bb\u62c9\u8428\uff0c\u51fa\u8d70\u5370\u5ea6\uff0c\u968f\u540e“\u53db\u4e71\u5206\u5b50\u8c03\u96c6\u7ea67000\u4eba\uff0c\u4e8e3\u670820\u65e5\u51cc\u6668\u5411\u5728\u62c9\u8428\u7684\u515a\u653f\u519b\u673a\u5173\u53d1\u52a8\u5168\u9762\u8fdb\u653b”\u3002[xxxii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u300a\u767d\u76ae\u4e66\u300b\u628a<\/span>1952\u5e74\u3001\u7279\u522b\u662f1955\u5e74\u540e\u897f\u85cf\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0a\u5c42\u4eba\u58eb\u7684“\u53db\u4e71”\u7b56\u52a8\u6d3b\u52a8\u7f57\u5217\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u4e00\u5e2e\u897f\u85cf\u4e0a\u5c42\u53cd\u52a8\u5206\u5b50\u84c4\u8c0b\u5df2\u4e45\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6b65\u6b65\u7d27\u903c\uff0c\u552f\u6050\u5929\u4e0b\u4e0d\u4e71\uff0c\u800c\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u7684“\u8010\u5fc3”\u548c“\u5fcd\u8ba9”\u7adf\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a“\u8f6f\u5f31\u53ef\u6b3a”\uff1b\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5317\u4eac\u65b9\u9762\u4e00\u76f4\u5728“\u8010\u5fc3\u7b49\u5f85”\u85cf\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u7ea0\u9519\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u53d1\u751f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684“\u53db\u4e71”\u5168\u65e0\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u672c\u6587\u524d\u8fb9\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u53d9\u8ff0\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bc1\u660e\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u5178\u578b\u7684\u8c0e\u8a00\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f25\u5929\u5927\u8c0e\uff01\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u51b0\u51bb\u4e09\u5c3a\u975e\u4e00\u65e5\u4e4b\u5bd2\uff0c<\/strong><\/span>1959\u5e74\u62c9\u8428\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u662f\u524d\u6b64\u82e5\u5e72\u5e74\u5404\u5730\u85cf\u533a\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u51b2\u7a81\u3001\u6f14\u53d8\u7684\u603b\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u800c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51b2\u7a81\u4e2d\uff0c\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u5236\u9020\u65b9\u5e76\u975e“\u53db\u4e71\u5206\u5b50”\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u63a8\u52a8“\u6c11\u4e3b\u6539\u9769”\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e76\u4e0d\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u5171\u5b98\u65b9\u5386\u53f2\u53d9\u8ff0\u4e2d\u88ab\u5f7b\u5e95\u6b6a\u66f2\u4e86\uff0c\u771f\u76f8\u88ab\u5b8c\u5168\u63a9\u76d6\u4e86\uff01<\/span><\/strong>\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u771f\u76f8\u88ab\u63a9\u76d6\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u5171\u5efa\u653f\u540e<\/span>60\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u4ec5\u4ec5\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e76\u975e\u4ec5\u4ec5\u9488\u5bf9\u897f\u85cf\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5927\u51e1\u6709\u635f\u515a\u56fd\u989c\u9762\u8005\uff0c\u5747\u5728\u88ab\u5c01\u6740\u3001\u63a9\u76d6\u3001\u96ea\u57cb\u4e4b\u5217\u3002\u53cd\u53f3\u6d3e\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5927\u9965\u8352\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6587\u9769\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u516d\u56db\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u85cf\u533a“\u53db\u4e71”\u4ea6\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u8fd8\u539f\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bb5\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u771f\u76f8\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u91cd\u6f14<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

20\u4e16\u7eaa\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u66fe\u4e09\u6b21\u88ab\u8feb\u51fa\u8d70\u3002\u524d\u4e24\u6b21\u662f\u53d1\u751f\u4e8e20\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u7684\u7b2c\u5341\u4e09\u4e16\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u51fa\u8d70\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u5219\u662f1959\u5e74\u7684\u7b2c\u5341\u56db\u4e16\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u51fa\u8d70\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u53ef\u60b2\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u91cd\u6f14<\/strong>\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u80cc\u666f\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

1904\u5e74\u90a3\u6b21\u51fa\u9003\u6682\u53ef\u4e0d\u8bba\uff0c\u6bd5\u7adf\u90a3\u662f\u82f1\u4eba\u5165\u4fb5\u6240\u81f4\u30021910\u5e74\u548c1959\u5e74\u7684\u4e24\u6b21\u51fa\u9003\u5374\u90fd\u548c\u5317\u4eac\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u6743\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6709\u5173\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u662f\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u6743\u53ca\u5176\u5730\u65b9\u6267\u884c\u8005\u7684\u611a\u8822\u3001\u8fc7\u706b\u4e43\u81f3\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u7f6a\u6076\u903c\u8d70\u4e86\u85cf\u4eba\u9886\u8896\u3002<\/strong>\u5173\u4e8e\u665a\u6e05\uff0c\u524d\u6587\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u8f83\u5145\u5206\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u90a3\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a“\u6846\u67b6\u8f6c\u6362”\u7684\u5f53\u53e3\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u8870\u8d25\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u665a\u6e05\u90a3\u4e9b\u6700\u6709\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7684\u5b98\u5458\u505a\u51fa\u8fc7\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5728\u4e3b\u6743\u6846\u67b6\u5185\u91cd\u65b0\u5398\u5b9a\u5317\u4eac\u4e0e\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7“\u85cf\u52a1\u6539\u9769”\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u800c\u7b2c\u5341\u4e09\u4e16\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u6700\u7ec8\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u51fa\u8d70\u548c“\u72ec\u7acb”\uff0c\u65e2\u548c\u6e05\u5ef7“\u85cf\u52a1\u6539\u9769”\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u8fc7\u6fc0\u653f\u7b56\u53ca\u5177\u4f53\u6267\u884c\u5b98\u5458\u7684\u611a\u8822\u3001\u66b4\u8650\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u4e5f\u548c\u6e05\u5ef7\u81ea\u8eab\u8870\u8d25\u7684\u5927\u8d8b\u52bf\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u6bd5\u7adf\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8001\u5927\u5e1d\u56fd\u7531\u4e8e\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u865a\u5f31\u5df2\u7ecf\u65e0\u6cd5\u963b\u6321\u539f\u6765\u7684\u81e3\u5c5e\u8005\u8d70\u5411\u5206\u79bb\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u4f46<\/span>1959\u5e74\u5374\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u3002“\u65b0\u4e2d\u56fd”\u7684\u6267\u653f\u8005\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u884c\u52a8\u8005\uff0c\u51761950\u5e74\u5bf9\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u8fdb\u519b\uff0c\u5728\u5ba3\u793a\u3001\u884c\u4f7f\u4e3b\u6743\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u672c\u6765\u662f\u6210\u529f\u7684\uff1b1951\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u5341\u4e03\u6761\u534f\u8bae\u300b\u4ea6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5bf9\u6e29\u548c\u7684\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u6b64\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u4e0e\u85cf\u4eba\u7684\u8f83\u4e3a\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u30021950\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e5f\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u90a3\u4e2a\u79ef\u8d2b\u79ef\u5f31\u3001\u4efb\u4eba\u6b3a\u8d1f\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u867d\u7136\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5bcc\u88d5\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0a\u5347\u4e2d\u7684\u3001\u5bcc\u6709\u671d\u6c14\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u672c\u4e0d\u5e94\u518d\u6b21\u88ab\u8feb\u51fa\u8d70\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u51fa\u5728\u54ea\u513f\uff1f\u95ee\u9898\u51fa\u5728\u4e2d\u5171\u4f5c\u4e3a\u85cf\u533a\u6539\u9020\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u884c\u52a8\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a“\u6539\u9020\u8005”\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u548c\u4e2d\u5171\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u5bf9“\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u89c4\u5f8b”\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3001\u8be0\u91ca\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2d\u5171\u5bf9\u81ea\u8eab“\u4f7f\u547d”\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u671f\u8bb8\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u3002<\/strong>\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u76f8\u4fe1\u5728\u5168\u56fd\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u897f\u85cf\uff09\u6d88\u706d“\u5265\u524a”\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0“\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49”\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u897f\u85cf\u4eba\u6c11\uff09\u7684\u6839\u672c\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u798f\u7949\u6240\u5728\u3002\u5b8c\u6210\u8fd9\u4e00\u5386\u53f2\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u4f7f\u547d\u548c\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/strong><\/p>

\u8fd9\u6070\u6070\u662f\u60b2\u5267\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u6839\u6e90\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u6574\u4e2a“\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u6539\u9020”\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u9879\u5de8\u5927\u793e\u4f1a\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u6027\u8d28\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u66f4\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u5730\u533a\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u6587\u5316\u5fc3\u7406\u6784\u6210\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\uff0c\u5f3a\u529b\u63a8\u884c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5de5\u7a0b\u5c06\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u53ef\u6015\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u91cd\u590d\u4e86\u665a\u6e05\u90a3\u4e9b\u897f\u85cf\u65b0\u653f\u63a8\u884c\u8005\u72af\u8fc7\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/span><\/strong>[xxxiii]<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/a> <\/strong>\u4e2d\u5171\u7684\u6539\u9769\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u5217\u5b81\u4e3b\u4e49\u6c11\u65cf\u653f\u7b56\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7684\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f3a\u8c03“\u5927\u5c0f\u6c11\u65cf\u4e00\u5f8b\u5e73\u7b49”\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u5bf9“\u5927\u6c49\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49”\u6709\u660e\u786e\u81ea\u7701\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u6267\u653f\u96c6\u56e2\uff0c\u5176\u6240\u63a8\u884c\u7684“\u6c11\u4e3b\u6539\u9769”\u5374\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed9\u85cf\u6c11\u65cf\u5e26\u6765\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u707e\u96be\u3002\u8fd9\u5927\u6982\u662f\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e2d\u5171\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u9884\u6599\u5230\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u4e0d\u4f46\u5982\u6b64\u3002“\u6c11\u4e3b\u6539\u9769”\u7684\u60b2\u5267\u4e0d\u4f46\u548c\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u793e\u4f1a\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u548c\u8bc9\u8bf8“\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89”\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u624b\u6bb5\u6709\u5173\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ee5“\u9636\u7ea7\u89e3\u653e”\u540d\u4e49\u53d1\u52a8\u7684“\u6c11\u4e3b\u6539\u9769”\u5177\u6709\u53cc\u91cd\u8352\u8c2c\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff1a<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u9996\u5148\uff0c“\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89”\u52bf\u5fc5\u5bfc\u81f4\u9636\u7ea7\u5076\u50cf\u5316<\/strong>\u548c\u9636\u7ea7\u5996\u9b54\u5316<\/strong>\uff0c\u9636\u7ea7\u5076\u50cf\u5316\u5851\u9020“\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7”\u7684\u795e\u8bdd\uff0c\u9636\u7ea7\u5996\u9b54\u5316\u5219\u5851\u9020“\u9636\u7ea7\u654c\u4eba”\u7684\u795e\u8bdd\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u90fd\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u897f\u85cf\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u5730\u533a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u795e\u8bdd\u540c\u6837\u4fd8\u864f\u4e86\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e2d\u5171\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u3002<\/span>[xxxiv]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5728\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u5730\u533a\uff0c“\u9636\u7ea7\u5996\u9b54\u5316”\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u52bf\u5fc5\u628a“\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89”\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u6c11\u65cf\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u88ab\u6253\u51fb\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5747\u662f\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\u548c\u4e0a\u5c42\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6b83\u53ca\u666e\u901a\u6c11\u4f17\uff08\u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a“\u53db\u532a”\u65f6\uff09\uff1b\u66f4\u8352\u8c2c\u800c\u53c8\u66f4\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u6070\u6070\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u4fe1\u5949“\u6c11\u65cf\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u662f\u9636\u7ea7\u95ee\u9898”\u4e4b\u7c7b\u6559\u6761\u7684\u5f53\u653f\u8005\u6240\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3001\u6240\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u800c\u4ecd\u7136\u5728“\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89”\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u601d\u8003\u548c\u5904\u7406\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u4f7f\u60b2\u5267\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u66f4\u52a0\u65e0\u6cd5\u907f\u514d<\/strong>\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u8840\u8165“\u5e73\u53db”\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u85cf\u4eba\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u62fc\u6b7b\u6210\u7acb“\u56db\u6c34\u516d\u5c97\u62a4\u536b\u519b”\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684“\u53db\u4e71\u7ec4\u7ec7”\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f31\u5c0f\u6c11\u65cf\u9762\u5bf9\u5f3a\u6743\u538b\u8feb\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u672c\u80fd\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u60b2\u5267\u672c\u6765\u662f\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u53d1\u751f\u7684\uff01<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u603b\u7684\u8bf4\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u8d70\u5411\u4e86\u548c\u5f53\u653f\u8005\u6240\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5171\u4ea7\u9769\u547d\u672c\u6765\u51dd\u805a\u4e86\u4e00\u4ee3\u7cbe\u82f1\u65e2\u5b9e\u73b0\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u5f3a\uff08\u5efa\u8bbe\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\uff09\u3001\u53c8\u5b8c\u6210\u793e\u4f1a\u6539\u9020\uff08\u5efa\u8bbe\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u9886\u5bfc\u7684“\u65b0\u793e\u4f1a”\uff09\u7684\u52c3\u52c3\u96c4\u5fc3\u3002\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u573a\u9769\u547d\u7684\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u6027\u8d28<\/strong>\u53ca\u5176\u5236\u5ea6\u5efa\u6784\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u672c\u8d28<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u5374\u5e76\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6<\/strong>\u3002\u4e2d\u5171\u786e\u66fe\u5728\u85cf\u533a\u72af\u4e0b\u5de8\u5927\u9519\u8bef\u751a\u81f3“\u7f6a\u8fc7”\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u4e0d\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u7edf\u6cbb\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u79c1\u5229\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec5\u4ec5\u57fa\u4e8e\u6c49\u65cf\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u95ee\u9898\u6df1\u523b\u4e4b\u6240\u5728<\/strong>\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u771f\u8bda\u5730\u4ee5\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u5728\u4e3a\u85cf\u65cf\u4eba\u6c11\u505a\u597d\u4e8b\u3001\u540c\u65f6\u5728\u507f\u8fd8\u6c49\u65cf\u7956\u5148“\u6b20\u4e0b\u7684\u503a”\u5462\uff01\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u8fdb\u5165\u897f\u85cf\u4e0d\u80fd\u53eb“\u6b96\u6c11”\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u5386\u53f2\u672c\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u6bd4\u6027\u3002\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u505a\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5927\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u6ca1\u6709\u72af\u8fc7\u4e2d\u5171\u5728\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u6b64\u7c7b\u7f6a\u9519\u662f\u4e0d\u5047\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5728\u4e9a\u6d32\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u52a8\u673a\u662f\u8d64\u88f8\u88f8\u7684\u5229\u76ca<\/strong>\uff0c\u5374\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u3002\u6b96\u6c11\u52a8\u673a\u4e2d\u9664\u4e86\u5229\u76ca\u4ee5\u5916\u591a\u5c11\u8fd8\u6709\u4e9b“\u7406\u5ff5”\u5c42\u9762\u4e1c\u897f\u7684\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u6709\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u7f8e\u5229\u575a\u5408\u4f17\u56fd\u3002<\/span>[xxxv]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>

 <\/strong><\/p>

\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u4eca\u4e2d\u56fd\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6240\u6709\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5747\u690d\u6839\u4e8e\u73b0\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u8f6c\u578b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u9009\u62e9\u9519\u8bef\u53ca\u7531\u6b64\u9020\u6210\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u5236\u5ea6\u626d\u66f2\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u897f\u85cf\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u5185\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u65cf\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u5236\u5ea6\u626d\u66f2\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4e2d\u5171\u793e\u4f1a\u6539\u9020\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u672c\u8d28\u548c\u7531\u4ee5\u63a8\u8fdb\u8fd9\u79cd\u6539\u9020\u7684\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u52a8\u5458\u53ca\u7edf\u6cbb\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u65e2\u662f\u9020\u6210\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u6096\u8c2c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u60b2\u5267\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

\uff08\u672a\u5b8c\u5f85\u7eed\uff09<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

 <\/p>


[i]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u89c1\u300a\u897f\u85cf\u6c11\u4e3b\u6539\u9769<\/span>50\u5e74\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u897f\u85cf\u767d\u76ae\u4e66\u6c47\u7f16\u300b\uff0c\u9875<\/span>3\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/div>

[ii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u738b\u5c0f\u5f6c\u300a\u7ecf\u7565\u897f\u85cf\uff1a\u65b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u897f\u85cf\u5de5\u4f5c<\/span>60\u5e74\u300b\uff0c\u9875<\/span>71~72\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/div>

[iii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u89c1\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c“\u515a\u5728\u8fc7\u6e21\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u603b\u8def\u7ebf”\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u9009\u96c6\u300b\u7b2c\u4e94\u5377\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e<\/span>1977\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u9875<\/span>89\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/div>

[iv]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u89c1\u674e\u6c5f\u7433\u300a\u5f53\u94c1\u9e1f\u5728\u5929\u7a7a\u98de\u7fd4\uff1a<\/span>1956~1962\u9752\u85cf\u9ad8\u539f\u4e0a\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u6218\u4e89\u300b\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\u8054\u7ecf\u51fa\u7248\u516c\u53f8<\/span>2012\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u9875<\/span>28~29\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/div>

[v]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u674e\u6c5f\u7433\u300a\u5f53\u94c1\u9e1f\u5728\u5929\u7a7a\u98de\u7fd4\uff1a<\/span>1956~1962\u9752\u85cf\u9ad8\u539f\u4e0a\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u6218\u4e89\u300b\uff0c\u9875<\/span>41\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/div>

[vi]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u9875<\/span>53\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/div>

[vii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u9875<\/span>58\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/div>

[viii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u9875<\/span>62\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/div>

[ix]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u9875<\/span>69~70\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/div>

[x]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u63d0\u4ea4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u62a5\u544a\u7684\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u9648\u6bc5\u7387\u9886\u7684\u8d74\u62c9\u8428\u4ee3\u8868\u56e2\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u52a8\u8eab\u53bb\u897f\u85cf\u51fa\u5e2d\u81ea\u6cbb\u533a\u7b79\u59d4\u4f1a\u6210\u7acb\u5927\u4f1a\uff0c\u6070\u6070\u662f\u5eb7\u533a\u66b4\u4e71\u53d1\u751f\u4e4b\u65f6\u3002\u89c1\u674e\u6c5f\u7433\u4e66\uff0c\u9875<\/span>61\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/div>

[xi]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u8dcb\u70ed<\/span>·<\/span>\u8fbe\u74e6\u624d\u4ec1\u8457\u300a\u8840\u796d\u96ea\u57df\uff1a\u897f\u85cf\u62a4\u6559\u6551\u56fd\u6297\u6218\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u897f\u85cf\u6d41\u4ea1\u653f\u5e9c\u5916\u4ea4\u4e0e\u65b0\u95fb\u90e8<\/span>2003\u5e74\u53d1\u884c\uff0c\u9875<\/span>119~120\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/div>

[xii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u9875<\/span>79~80\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/div>

[xiii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u9875<\/span>87\u3002\u674e\u6c5f\u7433\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u786e\u5b9a\u85cf\u4eba\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\u662f\u5426\u4e0e\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u4ef6\u76f8\u7b26\uff0c\u4f46\u4ece\u4e2d\u81f3\u5c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u85cf\u4eba\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u7406\u89e3“\u6c11\u4e3b\u6539\u9769”\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/div>

[xiv]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u9875<\/span>92\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/div>

[xv]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u8f6c\u5f15\u81ea\u674e\u6c5f\u7433\u540c\u4e0a\u4e66\uff0c\u9875<\/span>110\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/div>

[xvi]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5168\u79f0\u662f\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u56db\u5ddd\u5f5d\u65cf\u85cf\u65cf\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u53db\u4e71\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u901a\u62a5\u300b\uff0c“\u901a\u62a5”\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53db\u4e71\uff0c\u8981“\u91c7\u53d6\u653f\u6cbb\u4e89\u53d6\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4e0e\u519b\u4e8b\u6253\u51fb\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u65b9\u9488\u6765\u5e73\u606f”\uff0c\u5e76\u5f3a\u8c03“\u8fd9\u6837\u5e73\u606f\u53db\u4e71\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u5e94\u8be5\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684”\u3002\u89c1\u674e\u6c5f\u7433\u4e66\uff0c\u9875<\/span>111\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/div>

[xvii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u9875<\/span>121\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/div>

[xviii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u9875<\/span>122\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/div>

[xix]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u9875<\/span>159\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/div>

[xx]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u9875<\/span>160\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/div>

[xxi]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u9875<\/span>167\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/div>

[xxii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u89c1\u9004\u5148\u77e5\u3001\u91d1\u51b2\u53ca\u4e3b\u7f16\u300a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4f20\u300b\uff08\u7b2c<\/span>4\u5377\uff09\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u6587\u732e\u51fa\u7248\u793e<\/span>2011\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u9875<\/span>1731\u3001<\/span>1737\u3001<\/span>1747\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/div>

[xxiii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u89c1\u964d\u8fb9\u5609\u63aa\u8457\u300a\u60b2\u5267\u82f1\u96c4\u73ed\u7985\u5587\u561b\u300b\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u5f00\u653e\u6742\u5fd7\u793e<\/span>1999\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u9875<\/span>90\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/div>

[xxiv]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u89c1\u674e\u6c5f\u7433\u300a\u5f53\u94c1\u9e1f\u5728\u5929\u7a7a\u98de\u7fd4\uff1a<\/span>1956~1962\u9752\u85cf\u9ad8\u539f\u4e0a\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u6218\u4e89\u300b\uff0c\u9875<\/span>173~174\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/div>

[xxv]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u89c1\u964d\u8fb9\u5609\u63aa\u300a\u60b2\u5267\u82f1\u96c4\u73ed\u7985\u5587\u561b\u300b\uff0c\u9875<\/span>99\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/div>

[xxvi]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u9875<\/span>100\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/div>

[xxvii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u9875<\/span>101\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/div>

[xxviii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u9875<\/span>186\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/div>

[xxix]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u9875<\/span>315\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/div>

[xxx]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/div>

[xxxi]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u636e\u964d\u8fb9\u5609\u63aa\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c“\u4ece<\/span>1956\u5e74\u81f3<\/span>1958\u5e74\u7684<\/span>3\u5e74\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u6709<\/span>5\u3001<\/span>6\u4e07\u85cf\u4eba\u9003\u5230\u4e86\u897f\u85cf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u571f\u53f8\u3001\u5934\u4eba\uff0c\u6709\u519c\u5974\u4e3b\u3001\u7267\u4e3b\uff0c\u6709\u4e0a\u5c42\u5587\u561b\u6d3b\u4f5b\uff0c\u4f46\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u662f\u666e\u901a\u7684\u5587\u561b\u548c\u519c\u7267\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f17\u3002”——\u89c1\u964d\u8fb9\u5609\u63aa\u300a\u60b2\u5267\u82f1\u96c4\u73ed\u7985\u5587\u561b\u300b\uff0c\u9875<\/span>68\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/div>

[xxxii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u767d\u76ae\u4e66\u6c47\u7f16\u300b\uff0c\u9875<\/span>17~18\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/div>

[xxxiii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u4e8c\u8005\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u665a\u6e05\u5728\u85cf\u533a\u63a8\u884c\u7684\u65b0\u653f\u4e3e\u63aa\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u6781\u5176\u7a98\u8feb\u3001\u4ed3\u4fc3\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u672a\u7ecf\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u8651\u7684\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u800c\u4e2d\u5171\u5efa\u653f\u540e\u5728\u85cf\u533a\u63a8\u884c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6539\u9020\uff0c\u5374\u6709\u7740\u660e\u786e\u3001\u6e05\u6670\u3001\u591a\u5e74\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/div>

[xxxiv]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u8bc1\u660e\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff1a\u4eba\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u5947\u602a\uff0c<\/span>1959\u5e74\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u4ee5\u524d\u4e2d\u5171\u5728\u897f\u85cf\u548c\u56db\u7701\u85cf\u533a\u5b9e\u884c\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u85cf\u4eba\u4e24\u79cd\u5bf9\u5f85\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u611a\u8822\u5230\u5bb6\u4e86\u4e48\uff1f\u4f46\u5728\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u5374\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u4fe1<\/strong>\u901a\u8fc7“\u7fa4\u4f17\u52a8\u5458”\u548c\u5148\u950b\u961f“\u704c\u8f93”\uff0c\u85cf\u65cf\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684“\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89\u89c9\u609f”\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed9\u6574\u4e2a\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u6539\u9769\u4f5c\u51fa“\u699c\u6837”\u3002\u8fd9\u6070\u6070\u662f\u9636\u7ea7\u5076\u50cf\u5316<\/strong>\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/div>

[xxxv]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u7f8e\u56fd\u4ece\u6700\u521d<\/span>13\u4e2a\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e0d\u5230<\/span>100\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u5317\u7f8e\u5927\u9646\u7684\u6269\u5f20\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8ffd\u9010\u5229\u76ca\u81ea\u7136\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6709\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u5411\u5916\u6269\u5c55\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a“\u7406\u5ff5”\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u5373“\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u81ea\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e2a\u6a21\u8303\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u547d\u4e2d\u6ce8\u5b9a\u8981\u53bb\u6539\u9020\u4e16\u754c”\u3002\u751a\u81f3\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6ca1\u6709\u628a\u96c4\u5fc3\u52c3\u52c3\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u68a6\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u5317\u7f8e\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u6070\u6070\u662f\u62c5\u5fc3\u5e1d\u56fd\u628a\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4f4e\u8d28\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u53e3\u7eb3\u5165\uff0c\u5c06\u5f71\u54cd\u5171\u548c\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u575a\u6301\u3002\uff08\u89c1\u5b54\u534e\u6da6\uff08<\/span>Warren I. Cohen\uff09\u4e3b\u7f16\u300a\u5251\u6865\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u5916\u5173\u7cfb\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u65b0\u534e\u51fa\u7248\u793e<\/span>2004\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u9875<\/span>9\u3001<\/span>205\uff09<\/span><\/p> <\/div> <\/div> <\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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