{"id":38320,"date":"2014-02-25T05:06:00","date_gmt":"2014-02-25T05:06:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:10081\/?p=38320 "},"modified":"2014-02-25T05:06:00","modified_gmt":"2014-02-25T05:06:00","slug":"38320-revision-v1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/?p=38320","title":{"rendered":"\u5f20\u535a\u6811\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u897f\u85cf\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u4e03\uff09\u2014\u2014\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e5d\u6b21\u5bf9\u8bdd\u65e0\u679c\u800c\u7ec8\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n

\u7f16\u8005\u6309\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\u897f\u85cf\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u7ed5\u4e0d\u5f00\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u8bfe\u9898\u3002\u5f20\u535a\u6811\u5148\u751f\u65b0\u8fd1\u5b8c\u6210\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u897f\u85cf\u95ee\u9898\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u5373\u5c06\u7531\u9999\u6e2f\u6eaf\u6e90\u4e66\u793e\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u672c\u520a\u5f81\u5f97\u4f5c\u8005\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u4ee5\u7cfb\u5217\u6587\u7ae0\u5f62\u5f0f\u5c06\u8be5\u4e66\u6838\u5fc3\u8bba\u70b9\u5148\u884c\u516c\u5e03\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u4f9b\u8bfb\u8005\u5206\u4eab\u3001\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/span>            <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/strong>

——\u300a\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e2d\u56fd\u300b\u7f16\u8f91\u90e8<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

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\u4e5d\u6b21\u5bf9\u8bdd\u7684\u5927\u81f4\u7ecf\u8fc7<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

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\u4ece<\/span>2002\u5e74<\/span>9\u6708\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5230<\/span>2010\u5e74<\/span>1\u6708\u622a\u6b62\uff0c\u6d41\u4ea1\u85cf\u4eba\u540c\u5317\u4eac\u5148\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7<\/span>9\u6b21\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c<\/span>1\u6b21\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u63a5\u89e6\u3002\u5317\u4eac\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bf9\u8bdd\u79f0\u4e3a“\u63a5\u8c08”\uff0c\u5373“\u63a5\u89e6\u5546\u8c08”\uff0c\u6d41\u4ea1\u85cf\u4eba\u65b9\u9762\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002\u4f46\u5317\u4eac\u628a“\u63a5\u8c08”\u754c\u5b9a\u4e3a“\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u79c1\u4eba\u4ee3\u8868\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\u5546\u8c08”\uff0c<\/span>[i]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>\n\u8fbe\u5170\u8428\u62c9\u5219\u89c6\u4e4b\u4e3a\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e2d\u65ad\u591a\u5e74\u3001\u53c8\u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u52a8\u7684“\u85cf\u6c49\u548c\u8c08”\u3002<\/span>[ii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>\n\u53cc\u65b9\u5bf9“\u63a5\u8c08”\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u754c\u5b9a\uff0c\u9996\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u81ea\u7136\u662f\u5317\u4eac\u4ece\u672a\u627f\u8ba4\u8fbe\u5170\u8428\u62c9\u7684“\u897f\u85cf\u6d41\u4ea1\u653f\u5e9c”\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e2a“\u653f\u5e9c”\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u63a5\u89e6\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c“\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u4ee3\u8868”\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u5317\u4eac\u552f\u4e00\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u7684“\u63a5\u8c08”\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u65b9\u9762\u5f3a\u8c03\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u4e0e“\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u4ee3\u8868\u63a5\u8c08”\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u5c42\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4f1a\u8c08\u53ea\u8c08\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u7684“\u4e2a\u4eba\u524d\u9014”\u548c“\u672a\u6765\u5b89\u6392”\uff0c\u8fbe\u8d56\u65e0\u6743\u4ee3\u8868\u897f\u85cf\u4eba\u6c11\u548c\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u8c08\u5224\u3002\u800c\u4ee5\u4e2d\u56fd\u5883\u5185\u5916<\/span>600\u4e07\u85cf\u65cf\u50e7\u4fd7\u7684\u4ee3\u8a00\u4eba\u8eab\u4efd\u53d1\u51fa\u58f0\u97f3\uff0c\u503e\u8bc9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u82e6\u96be\u5e76\u4e89\u53d6\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u6070\u6070\u662f\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u672c\u4eba\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u573a\u5408\u6240\u523b\u610f\u5f3a\u8c03\u8005\u3002<\/span>[iii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>\n\u53cc\u65b9\u7acb\u573a\u7684\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u9884\u793a\u4e86\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5f88\u96be\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n

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\u4f46\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u4f3c\u4e4e\u663e\u5f97\u9887\u4e3a\u4e50\u89c2\u3002\u4ed6\u66fe\u7ecf\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5bf9<\/span>2002\u5e74\u4e2d\u5171\u5341\u516d\u5927\u65b0\u4e0a\u53f0\u7684\u80e1\u9526\u6d9b\u7b49\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u62b1\u6709\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a“\u80e1\u9526\u6d9b\u4e3b\u5e2d\u5bf9\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u548c\u95ee\u9898\u6709\u4eb2\u8eab\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u897f\u85cf\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u79ef\u6781\u56e0\u7d20”\u3002\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u751a\u81f3\u8bf4\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b“\u6211\u4eec\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4eca\u5e74\uff08<\/span>2004\u5e74\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u5f97\u91cd\u5927\u7a81\u7834”\u3002<\/span>[iv]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n

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\u524d\u516d\u6b21\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff08<\/span>2002\u5e74\u81f3<\/span>2007\u5e74\u6bcf\u5e74\u4e00\u6b21\uff09\uff0c“\u63a5\u8c08”\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u5916\u900f\u9732\u4f1a\u8c08\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u5728<\/span>2004\u5e74\u5230<\/span>2007\u5e74\u7684\u5386\u6b21“<\/span>3.10”\u7eaa\u5ff5\u6f14\u8bf4\u4e2d\u90fd\u5bf9\u4f1a\u8c08\u505a\u4e86\u6b63\u9762\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u79f0\u53cc\u65b9“\u8be6\u7ec6\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u7591\u8651\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4ece\u800c\u5f00\u521b\u4e86\u6709\u5229\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\u4e4b\u95e8”\uff0c<\/span>[v]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>\n\u4f46\u8c08\u5224\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u53d6\u5f97\u591a\u5c11\u8fdb\u5c55\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u85cf\u4eba\u9886\u8896\u8fd9\u6837\u8bb2\uff0c\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6d88\u9664\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u85cf\u4eba\u5bf9\u8c08\u5224\u548c“\u4e2d\u95f4\u9053\u8def”\u7684\u7591\u8651\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7591\u8651\u4ece\u91c7\u884c“\u4e2d\u95f4\u9053\u8def”\u653f\u7b56\u4ee5\u6765\u5728\u6d41\u4ea1\u85cf\u4eba\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u4e00\u76f4\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

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2008\u5e74\u62c9\u8428\u53d1\u751f“<\/span>3.14”\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u81ea\u4e0a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa<\/span>80\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u62c9\u8428“\u9a9a\u4e71”\u540e\u65f6\u9694\u591a\u5e74\u3001\u53c8\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\u7206\u53d1\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6c11\u4f17\u6297\u8bae\u548c\u66b4\u529b\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u7834\u574f\u4e0e\u751f\u547d\u3001\u8d22\u4ea7\u635f\u5931\uff1a“\u4e0d\u6cd5\u5206\u5b50\u7eb5\u706b<\/span>300\u4f59\u5904\uff0c\u62c9\u8428<\/span>908\u6237\u5546\u94fa\u3001<\/span>7\u6240\u5b66\u6821\u3001<\/span>120\u95f4\u6c11\u623f\u3001<\/span>5\u5ea7\u533b\u9662\u53d7\u635f\uff0c\u7838\u6bc1\u91d1\u878d\u7f51\u70b9<\/span>10\u4e2a\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11<\/span>20\u5904\u5efa\u7b51\u7269\u88ab\u70e7\u6210\u5e9f\u589f\uff0c<\/span>84\u8f86\u6c7d\u8f66\u88ab\u6bc1\u3002\u6709<\/span>18\u540d\u65e0\u8f9c\u7fa4\u4f17\u88ab\u70e7\u6b7b\u6216\u780d\u6b7b\uff0c\u53d7\u4f24\u7fa4\u4f17\u8fbe<\/span>382\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u91cd\u4f24<\/span>58\u4eba\u3002”<\/span>[vi]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>\n\u5317\u4eac\u5f53\u5c40\u81ea\u7136\u628a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u7206\u53d1\u5f52\u548e\u4e8e\u5883\u5916“\u85cf\u72ec\u52bf\u529b”\u7684\u6311\u5506\u3002\u5f53\u5e74<\/span>4\u6708<\/span>7\u65e5\uff0c\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u53c8\u53d1\u751f\u5965\u8fd0\u706b\u70ac\u4f20\u9012\u88ab\u51b2\u51fb\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f“\u85cf\u72ec”\u52bf\u529b\u84c4\u610f\u7834\u574f\u5373\u5c06\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u5965\u8fd0\u4f1a\u3002<\/span>4\u6708<\/span>12\u65e5\uff0c\u80e1\u9526\u6d9b\u5728\u4f1a\u89c1\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u603b\u7406\u9646\u514b\u6587\u65f6\u91cd\u7533“\u897f\u85cf\u4e8b\u52a1\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u653f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u548c\u8fbe\u8d56\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6c11\u65cf\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b97\u6559\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4eba\u6743\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7ef4\u62a4\u7956\u56fd\u7edf\u4e00\u548c\u5206\u88c2\u7956\u56fd\u7684\u95ee\u9898”\u3002<\/span>[vii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>\n<\/span><\/p>\n\n

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5\u6708<\/span>4\u65e5\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u7edf\u6218\u90e8\u526f\u90e8\u957f\u6731\u7ef4\u7fa4\u5728\u6df1\u5733\u4f1a\u89c1\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u7684\u8c08\u5224\u4ee3\u8868\u7532\u65e5·\u6d1b\u8fea\u548c\u683c\u6851\u575a\u8d5e\uff0c\u5411\u5bf9\u65b9\u63d0\u51fa“\u4e09\u4e2a\u505c\u6b62”\uff0c\u5373“\u505c\u6b62\u5206\u88c2\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u505c\u6b62\u66b4\u529b\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u505c\u6b62\u7834\u574f\u5317\u4eac\u5965\u8fd0\u4f1a\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u63a5\u89e6\u5546\u8c08\u521b\u9020\u6761\u4ef6”\uff0c\u5728\u85cf\u4eba\u8868\u793a\u5f02\u8bae\u540e\uff0c“\u4e09\u4e2a\u505c\u6b62”\n\u6362\u6210“\u56db\u4e2a\u4e0d\u652f\u6301”\uff1a\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u5e94\u627f\u8bfa\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u5206\u88c2\u6d3b\u52a8\u3001\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u66b4\u529b\u6d3b\u52a8\u3001\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u7834\u574f\u5317\u4eac\u5965\u8fd0\u4f1a\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u52a0\u4e0a“\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u85cf\u9752\u4f1a\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u6050\u6016\u6d3b\u52a8”\u3002<\/span>[viii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>\n\u6b63\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u5219\u575a\u79f0\uff0c\u4ed6\u53cd\u5bf9\u963b\u6b62\u5965\u8fd0\u706b\u70ac\u4f20\u9012\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e3e\u529e\u5965\u8fd0\u4f1a\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5e0c\u671b\u5230\u5317\u4eac\u51fa\u5e2d\u5965\u8fd0\u4f1a\uff0c“\u867d\u7136\u6211\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u6536\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u9080\u8bf7\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u4e2d\u65b9\u7684\u8c08\u5224\u5bcc\u6709\u5efa\u8bbe\u6027\u3001\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u3001\u897f\u85cf\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u5c40\u52bf\u6709\u6240\u6539\u5584\u800c\u4e14\u51fa\u73b0\u957f\u671f\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u505a\u597d\u51c6\u5907\u5728\u5965\u8fd0\u4f1a\u671f\u95f4\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002”<\/span>[ix]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n\n

\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u672a\u80fd\u5982\u613f\u5230\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u7b2c\u4e03\u6b21\uff08<\/span>2008\u5e74<\/span>7\u6708\uff09\u3001\u7b2c\u516b\u6b21\uff08<\/span>2008\u5e74<\/span>10\u6708\u5e95\u81f3<\/span>11\u6708\u521d\uff09\u548c\u7b2c\u4e5d\u6b21\uff08<\/span>2010\u5e74<\/span>1\u6708\uff09\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u5374\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b0\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u516b\u6b21“\u63a5\u8c08”\u4e2d\uff0c\u6d41\u4ea1\u85cf\u4eba\u65b9\u9762\u5411\u5317\u4eac\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u5168\u79f0\u662f\u300a\u5168\u4f53\u897f\u85cf\u6c11\u65cf\u5b9e\u73b0\u540d\u526f\u5176\u5b9e\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u300b\u3002\u636e\u6d41\u4ea1\u653f\u5e9c\u8bb2\uff1a\u63d0\u4ea4\u8fd9\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e“<\/span>2008\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e03\u6b21\u4f1a\u8c08\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2d\u65b9\u4ee3\u8868\u5e0c\u671b\u4e86\u89e3\u6211\u65b9\u5bf9\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u8be6\u60c5\uff0c\u636e\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u65b9\u5728\u610f\u89c1\u4e66\u4e2d\u8be6\u7ec6\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u897f\u85cf\u6c11\u65cf\u4e2d\u771f\u6b63\u843d\u5b9e\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u6709\u5173\u6c11\u65cf\u533a\u57df\u81ea\u6cbb\u76f8\u5173\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0a\u91cd\u897f\u85cf\u6c11\u65cf\u540c\u4e00\u6027\u3001\u85cf\u4eba\u610f\u613f\u548c\u85cf\u4eba\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\u6743\u5229\u7b49<\/span>11\u9879\u5185\u5bb9\uff1b\u4e5f\u8c08\u5230\u85cf\u4eba\u8981\u5904\u4e8e\u7edf\u4e00\u884c\u653f\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u548c\u67b6\u6784\u3001\u672a\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u65b9\u5411\u7b49\u5185\u5bb9”\u3002<\/span>[x]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n\n

\u6536\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540e\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u65b9\u9762\u5b89\u6392\u6d41\u4ea1\u85cf\u4eba\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u5230\u5b81\u590f\u56de\u65cf\u81ea\u6cbb\u533a\u53c2\u89c2\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u817e\u51fa\u65f6\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5f88\u5feb\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u505a\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6781\u5176\u9ad8\u8c03\uff1a\u4e2d\u592e\u7edf\u6218\u90e8\u7684\u5b98\u5458\u5b8c\u5168\u5426\u5b9a\u4e86\u6d41\u4ea1\u85cf\u4eba\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5728\u641e“\u53d8\u76f8\u72ec\u7acb”\uff0c\u662f“\u5411\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u644a\u724c”\uff1b<\/span>[xi]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u65b0\u95fb\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u4e3e\u884c\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u65b0\u95fb\u53d1\u5e03\u4f1a\uff0c\u8bf7\u5317\u4eac\u8c08\u5224\u4ee3\u8868\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7b2c\u516b\u6b21“\u63a5\u8c08”\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5e76\u56de\u7b54\u8bb0\u8005\u63d0\u95ee\uff1b\u65b0\u534e\u793e\u7b49\u5b98\u5a92\u8fde\u7bc7\u7d2f\u724d\u5730\u53d1\u8868\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u6279\u5224“\u8fbe\u8d56\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55”\uff1b\u5317\u4eac\u8fd8\u6d3e\u51fa\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5b98\u5458\u5230\u6b27\u6d32\u5404\u56fd\u8d70\u8bbf\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7acb\u573a\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n\n

\u8fbe\u5170\u8428\u62c9\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u85cf\u4eba\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u4e66\u505a\u4e86“\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u66f2\u89e3”\uff0c“\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u6b64\u505a\u4e86\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u9610\u91ca\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e<\/span>2010\u5e74<\/span>1\u6708<\/span>26\u65e5\u4e3e\u884c\u7b2c\u4e5d\u6b21\u4f1a\u8c08\u65f6\u5c06\u9610\u91ca\u6587\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e86\u5bf9\u65b9”\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u300a“\u5168\u4f53\u897f\u85cf\u6c11\u65cf\u5b9e\u73b0\u540d\u526f\u5176\u5b9e\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u5efa\u8bae”\u9610\u91ca\u300b\u3002\u6d41\u4ea1\u653f\u5e9c\u65b9\u9762\u79f0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u300a\u5efa\u8bae\u300b\u548c\u300a\u9610\u91ca\u300b\uff09“\u662f\u5bf9‘\u4e2d\u95f4\u9053\u8def’\u653f\u7b56\u6700\u4e3a\u8be6\u5c3d\u7684\u9610\u91ca”\u3002<\/span>[xii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n\n

\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u6765\u770b\u770b\u53cc\u65b9\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8868\u8ff0\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n\n

\u6d41\u4ea1\u85cf\u4eba\u5173\u4e8e“\u5168\u4f53\u897f\u85cf\u6c11\u65cf\u5b9e\u73b0\u540d\u526f\u5176\u5b9e\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u5efa\u8bae”<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n\n

\u5efa\u8bae\u4e66\uff08\u5317\u4eac\u79f0\u4e4b“\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55”\uff09\u5168\u6587\u4e0d\u8db3<\/span>8000\u5b57\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u8a00\u7b80\u610f\u8d45\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u7528\u6d41\u4ea1\u85cf\u4eba\u7684\u8bdd\u8bb2\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e2a“\u5efa\u8bae”\u4e0e<\/strong><\/span>1987\u5e74“\u65af\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u5821\u5efa\u8bae”\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5dee\u522b\uff0c\u662f\u65b0\u7684\u5efa\u8bae“\u4e43\u6839\u636e\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u533a\u57df\u81ea\u6cbb\u6cd5\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u4ee5\u8c0b\u6c42\u6574\u4e2a\u897f\u85cf\u6c11\u65cf\u5904\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u653f\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0b\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8f74”\u3002<\/span><\/strong>[xiii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

\u6587\u4ef6\u5171\u5206<\/span><\/strong>7\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6d41\u4ea1\u85cf\u4eba\u5173\u4e8e“\u4e2d\u95f4\u9053\u8def”\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7acb\u573a<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\u79f0\uff1a“<\/span>2002\u5e74\u4e0e\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u6062\u590d\u5bf9\u8bdd\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5341\u56db\u4e16\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4e0e\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u4ee3\u8868\u4e4b\u95f4\u591a\u6b21\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4f1a\u8c08\uff0c\u5176\u95f4\uff0c\u6211\u65b9\u8be6\u7ec6\u9610\u91ca\u4e86\u897f\u85cf\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u613f\u671b\u3002\u4ee5\u4e92\u5229\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u9053\u8def\u4e4b\u7cbe\u795e\u662f\uff0c\u897f\u85cf\u6c11\u65cf\u5728\u4e0d\u8fdd\u80cc\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u5b97\u65e8\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u540d\u526f\u5176\u5b9e\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u85cf\u6c49\u6c11\u65cf\u773c\u524d\u548c\u957f\u8fdc\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u660e\u786e\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0d\u5bfb\u6c42\u72ec\u7acb\u6216\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\uff0c\u5e76\u8bbe\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u540d\u7b26\u5176\u5b9e\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u6cbb\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u897f\u85cf\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u5b8c\u5168\u7b26\u5408\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e2d\u6709\u5173\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u6761\u6b3e\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u897f\u85cf\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u7279\u6027\u4e0e\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u4eba\u7c7b\uff0c\u5bf9\u85cf\u6c49\u6c11\u65cf\u5c24\u4e3a\u6709\u5229\u3002”<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u662f“\u5c0a\u91cd\u897f\u85cf\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u6027”<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a“\u629b\u5f00\u73b0\u884c\u7684\u884c\u653f\u533a\u5212\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u85cf\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u540c\u4e00\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u7edf\u4e00\u805a\u5c45\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u5fc5\u987b\u5f97\u5230\u5c0a\u91cd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7b26\u5408\u5baa\u6cd5\u6709\u5173\u6c11\u65cf\u533a\u57df\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u5b97\u65e8\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u6c11\u65cf\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4e0d\u8bba\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u4f5b\u6559\u4f20\u7edf\u6216\u662f\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u98ce\u4fd7\u4e60\u60ef\u7b49\uff0c\u897f\u85cf\u6c11\u65cf\u5177\u6709\u540c\u4e00\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u4e0d\u4e89\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u897f\u85cf\u6c11\u65cf\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5177\u6709\u5171\u540c\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u8bba\u5176\u653f\u6cbb\u6216\u884c\u653f\u533a\u57df\u5982\u4f55\u5730\u5206\u5408\uff0c\u5176\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u4e60\u60ef\uff0c\u5730\u7406\u73af\u5883\u7b49\u59cb\u7ec8\u90fd\u662f\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u3002”<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u8868\u8fbe“\u85cf\u4eba\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u671f\u671b”<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4e66\u8bf4\uff1a“\u897f\u85cf\u6c11\u65cf\u6709\u5b83\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u98ce\u4fd7\u4e60\u60ef\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u4e5f\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u6587\u660e\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u897f\u85cf\u6c11\u65cf\u5e0c\u671b\u4fdd\u5b58\u7956\u5148\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9d\u8d35\u9057\u4ea7\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5f18\u626c\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b97\u6559\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u591a\u6c11\u65cf\u4e4b\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u4e00\u5458\u800c\u5171\u5904\uff0c\u5219\u897f\u85cf\u6c11\u65cf\u5c06\u4f1a\u4ece\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u5de8\u5927\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5c3d\u5df1\u4e00\u4efd\u529b\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u534f\u529b\u914d\u5408\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u897f\u85cf\u6c11\u65cf\u4e5f\u5e0c\u671b\u897f\u85cf\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u6587\u5316\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u5f97\u4ee5\u4fdd\u5b58\u548c\u5ef6\u7eed\uff1b\u5e0c\u671b\u897f\u85cf\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u53e4\u4ee5\u6765\u4e16\u4ee3\u5c45\u4f4f\u4e4b\u8106\u5f31\u7684\u9ad8\u539f\u751f\u6001\u73af\u5883\u80fd\u591f\u5f97\u5230\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002”\u6587\u4ef6\u8fd8\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c“\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u6709\u5173\u5728\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u897f\u85cf\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u662f\u660e\u786e\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u6240\u79c9\u6301\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u4e0e\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u5148\u751f\u6240\u91cd\u7533‘\u53ea\u8981\u4e0d\u8c08\u897f\u85cf\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u534f\u5546\u89e3\u51b3’\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u7b26\u5408\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c0a\u91cd\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u9886\u571f\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5e0c\u671b\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u627f\u8ba4\u548c\u5c0a\u91cd\u897f\u85cf\u6c11\u65cf\u5728\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u5b9e\u884c\u540c\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u540d\u7b26\u5176\u5b9e\u4e4b\u6c11\u65cf\u533a\u57df\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002”<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

\u7b2c\u56db\u90e8\u5206\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u89e3\u91ca“\u85cf\u4eba\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u9700\u6c42\u53ca\u81ea\u4e3b\u7ba1\u7406”\u5e94\u8be5\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5305\u62ec<\/span>11\u70b9\uff1a<\/span>1\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\uff1b<\/span>2\uff0c\u6587\u5316\uff1b<\/span>3\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\uff1b<\/span>4\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\uff1b<\/span>5\uff0c\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\uff1b<\/span>6\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff1b<\/span>7\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u8d38\u6613\uff1b<\/span>8\uff0c\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u536b\u751f\uff1b<\/span>9\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u5b89\u5168\uff1b<\/span>10\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\uff1b<\/span>11\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u6587\u5316\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u4e66\u5f3a\u8c03\uff1a“\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c\u56db\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5404\u6c11\u65cf\u90fd\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u81ea\u5df1\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u5b57\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fdd\u969c\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u5404\u81ea\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u5b57\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u897f\u85cf\u6c11\u65cf\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u81ea\u5df1\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u5b57\u4e2d\uff0c\u85cf\u8bed\u6587\u662f\u9996\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u5f97\u5230\u5c0a\u91cd\u3002\u5404\u85cf\u65cf\u81ea\u6cbb\u5730\u533a\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u5b57\u4e5f\u5e94\u4ee5\u85cf\u6587\u4e3a\u4e3b\u3002”“\u5b97\u6559\u6d89\u53ca\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u6839\u672c\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f5b\u6559\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u6709\u8457\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u867d\u7136\u8ba4\u540c\u653f\u6559\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u56e0\u6b64\u4fb5\u72af\u4fe1\u5f92\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u5bf9\u897f\u85cf\u4eba\u6c11\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u4fe1\u4ef0\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u5219\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u7531\u90fd\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u3002”\u5173\u4e8e\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4e66\u6307\u51fa\uff1a“\u6c11\u65cf\u533a\u57df\u81ea\u6cbb\u548c\u81ea\u4e3b\u7ba1\u7406\u81ea\u8eab\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u6839\u672c\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u969c\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u843d\u5b9e\u5f53\u5bb6\u4f5c\u4e3b\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u5141\u8bb8\u751a\u81f3\u9f13\u52b1\u6c49\u65cf\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u6c11\u65cf\u4eba\u53e3\u5411\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u8fc1\u79fb\uff0c\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u8fdd\u80cc\u4e86\u6c11\u65cf\u533a\u57df\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u548c\u7406\u5ff5\u3002”“\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5c0a\u91cd\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u539f\u5219\u548c\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e88\u5404\u81ea\u6cbb\u673a\u5173\u5bf9\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5176\u5b83\u5730\u533a\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u5728\u897f\u85cf\u5c45\u7559\uff0c\u5b9a\u5c45\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u6216\u5176\u5b83\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u81ea\u4e3b\u5236\u5b9a\u76f8\u5173\u6cd5\u89c4\u7684\u6743\u5229\u662f\u6781\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002”<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

\u7b2c\u4e94\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6807\u9898\u662f“\u5bf9\u5728\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u897f\u85cf\u4eba\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u7ba1\u7406”<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u4e66\u8bf4\uff1a“\u57fa\u4e8e\u897f\u85cf\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u4e0a\u8ff0\u57fa\u672c\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u65bd\u6c11\u65cf\u533a\u57df\u81ea\u6cbb\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f5b\u6559\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5bfb\u6c42\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u73b0\u4eca\u88ab\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u8d4b\u4e88\u81ea\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u85cf\u65cf\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7eb3\u5165\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\u7ba1\u7406\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u3002\u73b0\u4eca\u7684\u884c\u653f\u533a\u57df\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u5c06\u897f\u85cf\u4eba\u5206\u6563\u5728\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\u533a\u548c\u8bb8\u591a\u7701\u4efd\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u9020\u6210\u85cf\u4eba\u88ab\u5206\u6563\u5272\u88c2\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u5730\u533a\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u4e25\u91cd\u524a\u5f31\u4e86\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u5f18\u626c\u6c11\u65cf\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u4e0e\u4f5b\u6559\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002”<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

\u7b2c\u516d\u90e8\u5206\u8c08“\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u548c\u67b6\u6784”<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4e66\u4e3b\u5f20\uff1a“\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u540d\u7b26\u5176\u5b9e\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\uff0c\u85cf\u4eba\u8fd8\u8981\u6709\u5236\u5b9a\u7b26\u5408\u81ea\u5df1\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u7279\u70b9\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4ee5\u53ca\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u81ea\u6cbb\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\uff0c\u5bf9\u672c\u5730\u65b9\u6240\u6709\uff08\u6d89\u53ca\u4e0a\u8ff0\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\uff09\u95ee\u9898\u6709\u5236\u5b9a\u6cd5\u89c4\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u81ea\u6cbb\u653f\u5e9c\u5404\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u6743\u5229\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u81ea\u6cbb\u6743\u5229\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u4e2d\u592e\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ea7\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6743\u5229\u673a\u5173\u4e2d\u5b89\u7f6e\u4ee3\u8868\u5e76\u53d1\u6325\u5b9e\u8d28\u4f5c\u7528\u3002”\n“\u5b9e\u65bd\u540d\u7b26\u5176\u5b9e\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u6743\u529b\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u5982\u4e2d\u592e\u548c\u81ea\u6cbb\u5730\u65b9\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u53cc\u65b9\u6743\u8d23\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u660e\u786e\u5206\u914d\u7b49\u3002\u5c31\u76ee\u524d\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6ca1\u6709\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u81ea\u6cbb\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u6743\u5229\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u843d\u5b9e\uff0c\u4ecd\u906d\u5230\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u963b\u788d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5baa\u6cd5\u5bf9\u65bc\u81ea\u6cbb\u5730\u65b9\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5177\u6709\u5236\u5b9a\u6cd5\u89c4\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u6839\u636e\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c\u4e00\u767e\u4e00\u5341\u516d\u6761\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5374\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u5f97\u5230\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u5e38\u52a1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u6279\u51c6\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u539f\u5219\u5728\u5b9e\u65bd\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u591a\u6709\u963b\u788d\u3002”<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n\n

\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e03\u90e8\u5206\u8c08“\u672a\u6765\u524d\u8fdb\u65b9\u6cd5”<\/strong>\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4e66\u8868\u793a\uff1a“\u6211\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u897f\u85cf\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u4e0e\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u6709\u5173\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u539f\u5219\u76f8\u7b26\u5408\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5c31\u5982\u4f55\u8ba9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9700\u6c42\u4e0e\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u76f8\u914d\u5408\u800c\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u7ecf\u5e38\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u9690\u85cf\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u4e5f\u7edd\u5bf9\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u5f97\u5230\u771f\u6b63\u81ea\u6cbb\u540e\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b64\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8131\u79bb\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u8df3\u677f\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002”“\u897f\u85cf\u6d41\u4ea1\u653f\u5e9c\u8c61\u5f81\u7740\u897f\u85cf\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u897f\u85cf\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u5c31\u4e0a\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u8bae\u9898\u8fbe\u6210\u534f\u8bae\u540e\uff0c\u897f\u85cf\u6d41\u4ea1\u653f\u5e9c\u5c06\u5931\u53bb\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u800c\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u89e3\u6563\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u5df2\u591a\u6b21\u58f0\u660e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u672a\u6765\u5c06\u4e0d\u4f1a\u62c5\u4efb\u4efb\u4f55\u653f\u6cbb\u804c\u52a1\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u89e3\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f97\u5230\u85cf\u4eba\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u613f\u610f\u4e3a\u6b64\u7aed\u529b\u53d1\u6325\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3002”<\/span>[xiv]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n\n

\u5317\u4eac\u7684\u53cd\u9a73<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n\n

\u5317\u4eac\u5bf9\u6d41\u4ea1\u85cf\u4eba\u5efa\u8bae\u4e66\u7684\u53cd\u9a73\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4e0b\u5217\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n\n

● \n<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5984\u56fe\u4fee\u6539\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5“\u72c2\u5984\u5df2\u6781”<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4e2d\u592e\u7edf\u6218\u90e8\u526f\u90e8\u957f\u6731\u7ef4\u7fa4\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u51e4\u51f0\u536b\u89c6\u8bb0\u8005\u91c7\u8bbf\u65f6\u79f0\uff1a“\u5728\u63a5\u8c08\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u7532\u65e5\u5148\u751f\u591a\u6b21\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a‘\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55’\u5982\u4f55\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5e0c\u671b\u5f15\u8d77\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7532\u65e5\u5148\u751f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a‘\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55’\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u786e\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0b\u4e86\u4e00\u70b9\u529f\u592b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u533a\u57df\u81ea\u6cbb\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u505a\u4e86\u70b9\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u624b\u7eed\uff0c\u6458\u53d6\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6709\u7528\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u51e1\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4ed6\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u5f53\u573a\u5c31\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f60\u8fd9\u662f\u72c2\u5984\u5df2\u6781\u3002”<\/span>[xv]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n\n

● \n<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4f01\u6c42\u4e00\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684“\u5927\u85cf\u533a”<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u540c\u4e00\u91c7\u8bbf\u4e2d\u6731\u7ef4\u7fa4\u8bf4\uff1a\u6d41\u4ea1\u85cf\u4eba“\u4f01\u6c42\u4e00\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6240\u8c13\n‘\u5927\u85cf\u533a’\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5386\u53f2\u6839\u636e\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u73b0\u5b9e\u6839\u636e\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u6b21\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\u5f53\u4e2d\u516c\u7136\u7684\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u5730\u5411\u4e2d\u592e\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7406\u7531\u53ef\u8bb2\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u7406\u7531\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u628a\u6240\u6709\u6709\u85cf\u4eba\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u85cf\u4eba\u5f04\u5230\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u4fdd\u969c\u85cf\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u6211\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u8bf4\u522b\u7684\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6d41\u4ea1\u5728\u5883\u5916\u7684\u85cf\u4eba\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5206\u6563\u5230\u5c3c\u6cca\u5c14\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u3001\u7f8e\u6d32\u3001\u6fb3\u6d32\u3001\u6b27\u6d32\uff0c\u5f04\u5f97\u5230\u5904\u90fd\u662f\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u600e\u4e48\u4e0d\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f04\u5230\u4e00\u5757\u6765\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u4f60\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u5316\u7279\u8272\u5462\uff1f\u4f60\u4eec\u592a\u4e0d\u73cd\u60dc\u4f60\u4eec\u6240\u8c13\u85cf\u6c11\u65cf\u7684‘\u6587\u5316\u7279\u8272’\u4e86\u5427\uff01”<\/span>[xvi]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n\n

● \n<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u9ad8\u5ea6\u81ea\u6cbb\u53ea\u662f\u4f2a\u88c5\uff0c\u5b9e\u8d28\u662f“\u534a\u72ec\u7acb”\u6216“\u53d8\u76f8\u72ec\u7acb”<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u6731\u7ef4\u7fa4\u5728\u63a5\u53d7<\/span>BBC\u8bb0\u8005\u91c7\u8bbf\u65f6\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\uff1a“\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u8bf4\u4e0d\u641e\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5411\u4e2d\u592e\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u5185\u6db5\u662f‘\u534a\u72ec\u7acb’\u3001‘\u53d8\u76f8\u72ec\u7acb’\uff0c\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u8fd8\u662f‘\u897f\u85cf\u72ec\u7acb’\u3002”“\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b<\/span>1987\u5e74\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u6563\u53d1‘\u4e94\u70b9\u548c\u5e73\u5efa\u8bae’\uff0c<\/span>1988 \u5e74\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u65af\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u5821\u53c8\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86‘\u4e03\u70b9\u65b0\u5efa\u8bae’\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b21\u8fdb\u884c\u63a5\u8c08\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53c8\u63d0\u4ea4\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u4e2a‘\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55’\u3002\u4f9d\u636e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6211\u6982\u62ec\u51fa\u4e94\u6761\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u6709\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u539f\u8bdd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u652f\u6491”\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c“\u4ed6\u4eec\u62d2\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u897f\u85cf\u81ea\u53e4\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u9886\u571f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u575a\u6301\u58f0\u79f0\u897f\u85cf\u662f<\/span>1951\u5e74\u88ab\u4e2d\u56fd\u5360\u9886\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u8fd9\u5c31\u4e3a‘\u897f\u85cf\u72ec\u7acb’\u57cb\u4e0b\u6cd5\u7406\u7684\u4f0f\u7b14\u3002”\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c“\u4ed6\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u9752\u6d77\uff0c\u7518\u8083\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5dde\uff0c\u56db\u5ddd\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5dde\uff0c\u4e91\u5357\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5dde\u90fd\u8981\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4ed6\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u52a0\u8d77\u6765\u662f<\/span>240\u4e07\u5e73\u65b9\u516c\u91cc\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5341\u4e2a\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u9762\u79ef\uff0c\u5360\u6211\u4eec\u4e2d\u56fd\u6574\u4e2a\u9886\u571f\u7684\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8981\u6c42\u65e0\u8bba\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u73b0\u5b9e\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4ece\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u90fd\u6beb\u65e0\u6839\u636e\uff0c\u662f\u8fdd\u53cd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u3002”\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c“\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a‘\u5927\u85cf\u533a’\u4e4b\u5185\uff0c\u4ed6\u8981\u641e\u6240\u8c13\u7684‘\u9ad8\u5ea6\u81ea\u6cbb’\u3002\u8981\u81ea\u6cbb\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5462\uff1f\u5c31\u662f\u9664\u4e86\u56fd\u9632\u548c\u5916\u4ea4\u7531\u4e2d\u592e\u7ba1\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u7b49\u90fd\u7531\u4ed6\u4eec‘\u72ec\u7acb\u7ba1\u7406’\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u5f97\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u5e72\u9884\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u6211\u4eec\u8fd1<\/span>60\u5e74\u5728\u8fd9\u7247\u56fd\u571f\u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5efa\u6210\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u534f\u5546\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u533a\u57df\u81ea\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u5168\u90e8\u63a8\u7ffb\uff0c\u53e6\u641e\u4e00\u5957\u3002”\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c“\u4ed6\u8981\u6c42\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a‘\u5927\u85cf\u533a’\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u56fd\u571f\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u8981\u5168\u90e8\u64a4\u8d70\uff0c\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u641e\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a‘\u56fd\u9645\u548c\u5e73\u533a’\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u540e\u6765\u4e0d\u518d\u591a\u63d0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u63d0\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u4ed6\u64a4\u9500\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u6240\u8c13‘\u6d41\u4ea1\u653f\u5e9c’\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u6851\u4e1c\u5148\u751f\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u6b21\u63a5\u8c08\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c<\/span>10\u6708<\/span>27\u65e5\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5a92\u4f53\u516c\u5f00\u8bf4<\/span>:‘\u519b\u961f\u64a4\u8d70\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898’\u3002”\u7b2c\u4e94\uff0c“\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a‘\u5927\u85cf\u533a’\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u9886\u571f\u4e0a\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u85cf\u65cf\u4ee5\u5916\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u8981\u7edf\u7edf\u8d76\u8d70\uff0c\u8fd9\u8981\u6d89\u53ca\u591a\u5c11\u4eba\u5462\uff1f\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u4e16\u4ee3\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u9752\u85cf\u9ad8\u539f\u4e0a\u7684\u6c49\u3001\u8499\u3001\u56de\u7b49\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u5927\u4f53\u4e0a\u6709\u51e0\u5343\u4e07\u4eba\u3002”“\u8fd9\u4e94\u6761\u52a0\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u5c31\u662f‘\u897f\u85cf\u72ec\u7acb’\u3002”<\/span>[xvii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n\n

● \u4f01\u56fe\u56de\u5230\u5265\u524a\u5236\u5ea6\u7684“\u65e7\u897f\u85cf”<\/strong>\u3002\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u7edf\u6218\u90e8\u526f\u90e8\u957f\u65af\u5854<\/span>2008\u5e74<\/span>12\u6708<\/span>9\u65e5\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u9a7b\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\u4e3e\u884c\u4e2d\u5916\u8bb0\u8005\u62db\u5f85\u4f1a\u56de\u7b54\u4e2d\u5916\u8bb0\u8005\u63d0\u95ee\u65f6\u79f0\uff1a“<\/span>1959\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c<\/span>95%\u7684\u897f\u85cf\u4eba\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u8eab\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u8981\u60f3\u6062\u590d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u85cf\u65cf\u8001\u767e\u59d3\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8d5e\u6210\u8fd9\u79cd\u5012\u9000\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u544a\u8bc9\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u662f\u60f3\u628a\u897f\u85cf\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8001\u767e\u59d3\u4e0d\u613f\u518d\u5f53\u519c\u5974\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u60f3\u6cd5\u544a\u8bc9\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u3002”<\/span>[xviii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n\n

● \u72c2\u5984\u5ba3\u79f0“\u897f\u85cf\u6d41\u4ea1\u653f\u5e9c”\u662f\u897f\u85cf\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u4ee3\u8868<\/strong>\u3002\u65b0\u534e\u793e\u4e00\u7bc7\u7f72\u540d“\u76ca\u591a”\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u300a\u8fbe\u8d56\u96c6\u56e2“\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55”\u4e4b\u6211\u89c1\u300b\u6709\u4e0b\u5217\u6587\u5b57\uff1a“\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u897f\u85cf<\/span>1951\u5e74\u548c\u5e73\u89e3\u653e\uff0c<\/span>1959\u5e74\u5b9e\u884c\u6c11\u4e3b\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e86\u653f\u6559\u5408\u4e00\u7684\u5c01\u5efa\u519c\u5974\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u767e\u4e07\u519c\u5974\u7ffb\u8eab\u89e3\u653e\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4eba\u6c11\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6743\uff0c<\/span>1965\u5e74\u5b9e\u884c\u4e86\u6c11\u65cf\u533a\u57df\u81ea\u6cbb\uff0c\u5404\u65cf\u4eba\u6c11\u5f53\u5bb6\u4f5c\u4e3b\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u897f\u85cf\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u662f\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u897f\u85cf\u81ea\u6cbb\u533a\u4eba\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u6240\u8c13‘\u897f\u85cf\u6d41\u4ea1\u653f\u5e9c’\u662f<\/span>1959\u5e74\u897f\u85cf\u5c01\u5efa\u519c\u5974\u4e3b\u4e0a\u5c42\u53d1\u52a8\u6b66\u88c5\u53db\u4e71\u5931\u8d25\u540e\u9003\u4ea1\u56fd\u5916\u6210\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u627f\u8ba4\u5b83\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u3002 \u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u65b9\u9762\u628a\u5b8c\u5168\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u6240\u8c13‘\u897f\u85cf\u6d41\u4ea1\u653f\u5e9c’\u8bf4\u6210\u662f\u897f\u85cf\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u6563\u5e03\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\u5546\u8c08\u662f\u5c31\u6240\u8c13‘\u897f\u85cf\u653f\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\u95ee\u9898’\u3001‘\u9ad8\u5ea6\u81ea\u6cbb\u95ee\u9898’\u8fdb\u884c\u7684‘\u85cf\u4e2d\u8c08\u5224’\u3001‘\u6c49\u85cf\u5bf9\u8bdd’\uff0c\u4f01\u56fe\u6df7\u6dc6\u63a5\u89e6\u5546\u8c08\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u98a0\u5012\u9ed1\u767d\uff0c\u88ab\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u4e25\u6b63\u9a73\u65a5\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u548e\u7531\u81ea\u53d6\u3002”<\/span>[xix]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n\n

\u6d41\u4ea1\u85cf\u4eba\u5173\u4e8e“\u5efa\u8bae”\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u9610\u91ca<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n\n

\u9762\u5bf9\u5317\u4eac\u7684\u75be\u98ce\u66b4\u96e8\u822c\u6307\u8d23\uff0c\u6d41\u4ea1\u85cf\u4eba\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u300a“\u5168\u4f53\u897f\u85cf\u6c11\u65cf\u5b9e\u73b0\u540d\u526f\u5176\u5b9e\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u5efa\u8bae”\u9610\u91ca\u300b\u4e2d\u505a\u51fa\u4e0b\u5217\u56de\u5e94\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n\n

● \n<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u8fbe\u5170\u8428\u62c9“\u5c0a\u91cd\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u548c\u9886\u571f\u5b8c\u6574”<\/span><\/strong>\u3002“\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u5c0a\u8005\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e00\u518d\u58f0\u660e\u4e0d\u5bfb\u6c42\u897f\u85cf\u72ec\u7acb\u3001\u4e0d\u5bfb\u6c42\u897f\u85cf\u4ece\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5206\u79bb\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u4fc3\u4f7f\u897f\u85cf\u957f\u4e45\u6301\u7eed\u5730\u7559\u5728\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7acb\u573a\u5728\u300a\u5efa\u8bae\u300b\u4e2d\u5df2\u6709\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u8868\u660e\u3002\u300a\u5efa\u8bae\u300b\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u5c31\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u65bd\u540d\u526f\u5176\u5b9e\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u533a\u57df\u81ea\u6cbb\u9610\u8ff0\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u540d\u526f\u5176\u5b9e\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\u505a\u51fa\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u9610\u91ca\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5e76\u672a\u6d89\u53ca\u6240\u8c13\u7684‘\u72ec\u7acb’‘\u534a\u72ec\u7acb’\u6216‘\u53d8\u76f8\u72ec\u7acb’\u3002”\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c“\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u5c0a\u8005\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u695a\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u85cf\u4eba\u5bf9\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e5f\u77e5\u9053\u85cf\u4eba\u96be\u4e8e\u63a5\u53d7\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u56e0\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u662f\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u66f4\u6539\uff0c\u4f46\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u5c0a\u8005\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b88\u65e7\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u521b\u8005\uff0c\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u65e0\u610f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u8ba4\u77e5\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u5728\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u5bfb\u6c42\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u524d\u9014\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u3002”<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n\n

● \n<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u6d41\u4ea1\u85cf\u4eba\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f“\u5c0a\u91cd\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5”\u3001“\u5c0a\u91cd\u4e09\u4e2a\u575a\u6301”\u3001\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5192\u72af\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u3002<\/span><\/strong>“\u300a\u5efa\u8bae\u300b\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u5c0a\u8005\u662f\u4f9d\u636e\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u6709\u5173\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u5bfb\u6c42\u5b9e\u73b0\u540d\u526f\u5176\u5b9e\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u5baa\u6cd5\u4ee5\u5916\u3002”\n\u85cf\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u7591\u8651\u53ea\u662f\uff1a“\u5baa\u6cd5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u81ea\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u81ea\u6cbb\u5730\u65b9\u4eab\u6709\u8f83\u4e00\u822c\u7701\u4efd\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u6743\u529b\u3002\u4f46\u89c4\u5b9a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u6761\u4f8b\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u5927\u5e38\u52a1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6279\u51c6\u7684\u6761\u6b3e<\/span>(\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c<\/span>116\u6761<\/span>)\uff0c\u5374\u4f7f\u5730\u65b9\u81ea\u6cbb\u653f\u5e9c\u505a\u51fa\u9002\u5408\u5404\u81ea\u7279\u70b9\u4e4b\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u6743\u5229\u53d8\u5f97\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u5982\u4e00\u822c<\/span>(\u672a\u5b9e\u884c\u81ea\u6cbb<\/span>)\u7684\u7701\u4efd\u3002”“\u5728\u4e0d\u8fdd\u80cc\u57fa\u672c\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u539f\u5219\u4e0b\uff0c\u300a\u5baa\u6cd5\u300b\u9700\u8981\u987a\u5e94\u4e16\u4ee3\u9700\u8981\u548c\u5c40\u52bf\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u6574\u3002”\u81f3\u4e8e“\u4e09\u4e2a\u575a\u6301”\uff0c<\/span>[xx]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>\n“\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u5c0a\u8005\u4ece\u672a\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u6267\u653f\u5730\u4f4d\u63d0\u51fa\u7591\u95ee\u6216\u6311\u6218”\uff0c\u300a\u5efa\u8bae\u300b\u4e5f“\u53ea\u5b57\u672a\u63d0\u6539\u53d8\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u6216\u5728\u897f\u85cf\u4e0d\u5b9e\u884c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u5c0a\u8005\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u5ff5\u4e2d\u4e3a\u4f4e\u4e0b\u9636\u5c42\u8c0b\u53d6\u5229\u76ca\u3001\u5e73\u7b49\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8bc9\u6c42\u59cb\u7ec8\u4fdd\u6301\u8457\u6781\u5927\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u548c\u5411\u5f80\u3002”\u540c\u6837\u7684\uff0c“\u300a\u5efa\u8bae\u300b\u6240\u9610\u8ff0\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5426\u5b9a\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u6216\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u4efb\u4f55\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u3002\u300a\u5efa\u8bae\u300b\u6240\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u5404\u9879\u5efa\u8bae\u90fd\u5145\u5206\u5c0a\u91cd\u4e86\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u5404\u90e8\u95e8\u4e0e\u897f\u85cf\u5730\u65b9\u81ea\u6cbb\u653f\u5e9c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ece\u5c5e\u5173\u7cfb\u3002”<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n\n

● \n<\/span><\/span><\/span>“\u300a\u5efa\u8bae\u300b\u4ece\u672a\u63d0\u51fa\u6709\u5173\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u9632\u519b\u4ece\u85cf\u65cf\u5730\u533a\u64a4\u51fa\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002”<\/span><\/strong>“\u300a\u5efa\u8bae\u300b\u5f15\u7528\u81ea\u6cbb\u5730\u533a\u6743\u9650\u4e2d\u6709\u5173\u516c\u5171\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u88ab\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u89e3\u8bfb\u4e3a\u56fd\u9632\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u8868\u793a\u5fe7\u8651\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u56fd\u9632\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e0e\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5b89\u5168\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u5c0a\u8005\u5bf9\u6b64\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u660e\u786e\u7684\uff1a\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u9632\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5c5e\u65bc\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\uff1b\u56fd\u9632\u4e0d\u5c5e\u65bc\u5730\u65b9\u81ea\u6cbb\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u8fd9\u70b9\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002”<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n\n

● \n<\/span><\/span><\/span>“\u300a\u5efa\u8bae\u300b\u8981\u6c42\u8d4b\u4e88\u5730\u65b9\u81ea\u6cbb\u653f\u5e9c\u5c31\u5916\u6765\u4eba\u53e3\u5728\u897f\u85cf\u5c45\u7559\u3001\u5b9a\u5c45\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u65b9\u9762\u5236\u5b9a\u76f8\u5173\u89c4\u8303\u6761\u4f8b\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u5148\u4f8b\u53ef\u5faa\u3002<\/span><\/strong>”“\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u5177\u6709\u6216\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e3a\u4fdd\u62a4\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u3001\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u5730\u533a\u6216\u751f\u6001\u73af\u5883\u8106\u5f31\u5730\u533a\u800c\u9650\u5236\u672c\u56fd\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u4eba\u53e3\u79fb\u5165\u7684\u673a\u5236\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6761\u6587\u3002\u300a\u5efa\u8bae\u300b\u660e\u786e\u63d0\u51fa\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5c06\u957f\u671f\u7559\u5c45\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u975e\u85cf\u65cf\u4eba\u53e3\u9010\u51fa\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5728\u4f1a\u8c08\u4e2d\u7279\u4f7f\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u89e3\u91ca\u8fc7\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u5c0a\u8005\u548c\u5676\u53a6\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u8bb2\u8bdd\u4e2d\u5bf9\u6b64\u5df2\u505a\u4e86\u660e\u786e\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u5982<\/span>2008\u5e74<\/span>12\u6708<\/span>4\u65e5\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u5c0a\u8005\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\u4e2d\u5c31\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u8c03\u6307\u51fa<\/span>:‘\u6211\u4eec\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5c06\u975e\u85cf\u4eba\u9a71\u9010\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u62c5\u5fc3\u7684\u662f\u4ee5\u6c49\u65cf\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6c11\u65cf\u4eba\u53e3\u7531\u65bc\u523b\u610f\u5730\u5927\u91cf\u79fb\u5c45\u897f\u85cf\uff0c\u4f7f\u897f\u85cf\u4eba\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5bb6\u4e61\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u6781\u4e3a\u8106\u5f31\u7684\u897f\u85cf\u751f\u6001\u73af\u5883\u9020\u6210\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u5a01\u80c1’\uff0c\u8fd9\u5df2\u6e05\u695a\u8bf4\u660e\u5176\u4e2d\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u9664\u5355\u4e00\u85cf\u65cf\u800c\u5916\u6392\u65a5\u5176\u5b83\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002”<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n\n

● \n<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5173\u4e8e“\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u6cbb\u533a\u57df\u7684\u7ba1\u7406”\uff0c“\u897f\u85cf\u4eba\u6c11\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u6cbb\u533a\u5185\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u613f\u671b\uff0c\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5baa\u6cd5\u6709\u5173\u6c11\u65cf\u533a\u57df\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u5927\u5c0f\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u95ee\u9898”<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c“\u5468\u6069\u6765\u603b\u7406\u3001\u9648\u6bc5\u526f\u603b\u7406\u3001\u80e1\u8000\u90a6\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\u7b49\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2d\u56fd\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5bf9\u85cf\u65cf\u5730\u533a\u8bbe\u7acb\u7edf\u4e00\u884c\u653f\u533a\u57df\u7684\u6784\u60f3\u8868\u793a\u4e86\u652f\u6301\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u7b2c\u5341\u4e16\u73ed\u7985\u5587\u561b\u3001\u963f\u6c9b\u963f\u65fa\u664b\u7f8e\u3001\u5df4\u74e6\u5e73\u63aa\u65fa\u6770<\/span>(\u5e73\u65fa<\/span>)\u7b49\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u85cf\u65cf\u9886\u5bfc\u5b98\u5458\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5c31\u6b64\u8868\u660e\u610f\u613f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u575a\u4fe1\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7b26\u5408\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002<\/span>1956\u5e74\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u8fd8\u4e3a\u6574\u4e2a\u85cf\u65cf\u5730\u533a\u5efa\u7acb\u540c\u4e00\u81ea\u6cbb\u533a\u800c\u8ba9\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u8001\u515a\u5458\u6851\u6770\u76ca\u559c<\/span>(\u5929\u5b9d<\/span>)\u7b49\u7ec4\u6210\u7279\u522b\u5c0f\u7ec4\uff0c\u4e13\u8d23\u7edf\u7b79\u89c4\u5212\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u540e\u6765\u7684\u6781\u5de6\u8def\u7ebf\u800c\u4e0d\u4e86\u4e86\u4e4b\u3002”<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

● \n<\/span><\/span><\/span>“\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u5c0a\u8005\u5df2\u7ecf\u591a\u6b21\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u897f\u85cf\u4eba\u68a6\u60f3\u8981\u6062\u590d<\/span><\/strong>1959\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\u5728\u897f\u85cf\u5b9e\u65bd\u8fc7\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7b49\u65e7\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u672a\u6765\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u897f\u85cf\u548c\u85cf\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4ee5\u53ca\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u9664\u4e86\u7ee7\u7eed\u5411\u524d\u53d1\u5c55\u800c\u5916\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5012\u9000\u56de\u65e7\u4e16\u4ee3\u7684\u610f\u613f\u3002\u7ee7\u7eed\u987d\u56fa\u5730\u6307\u63a7\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u5c0a\u8005\u548c\u897f\u85cf\u6d41\u4ea1\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8bd5\u56fe\u6062\u590d\u65e7\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u662f\u6beb\u65e0\u6839\u636e\u7684\u65e0\u7406\u7ea0\u7f20\uff0c\u4e14\u4ee4\u4eba\u56f0\u60d1\u3002”<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

● \n<\/span><\/span><\/span>“\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u5c0a\u8005\u4e3a\u897f\u85cf\u95ee\u9898\u62c5\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\u6216\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ed9\u897f\u85cf\u6d41\u4ea1\u653f\u5e9c\u4e89\u53d6\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u5c31\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u672a\u6765\u4e00\u65e6\u8fbe\u6210\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u897f\u85cf\u6d41\u4ea1\u653f\u5e9c\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u64a4\u9500\uff0c\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u6839\u672c\u8d23\u4efb\u8981\u7531\u5883\u5185\u73b0\u6709\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u4eec\u62c5\u8d1f\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u5c0a\u8005\u5df2\u7ecf\u591a\u6b21\u58f0\u660e\u5c06\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u672a\u6765\u7684\u897f\u85cf\u62c5\u8d1f\u4efb\u4f55\u653f\u6cbb\u804c\u52a1\u3002”<\/span><\/strong>[xxi]<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n\n

\u5317\u4eac\u4e3a\u4f55\u575a\u6301“<\/span><\/span>30\u5e74\u4e0d\u53d8”\u7684\u5f3a\u786c\u7acb\u573a\uff1f<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n\n

\u672c\u4e66\u628a\u53cc\u65b9\u89c2\u70b9\u5747\u7f57\u5217\u4e8e\u4e0a\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u8bfb\u8005\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u4e86\u89e3\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u5168\u8c8c\u3002\u4e0d\u96be\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u7edf\u6218\u90e8\u7684\u5b98\u5458\u7acb\u573a\u5f3a\u786c\uff0c\u53e3\u6c14\u86ee\u6a2a\u9738\u9053\uff0c\u76db\u6c14\u51cc\u4eba\uff0c\u5145\u65a5\u7740\u5f3a\u8005\u4e00\u65b9\u5bf9\u5f31\u8005\u7684\u50b2\u6162\uff1b\u6d41\u4ea1\u85cf\u4eba\u65b9\u9762\u5219\u4e00\u518d\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u59d4\u66f2\u6c42\u5168\u3002\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u975e\u5e38\u660e\u663e\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n\n

\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u53f2\u5b9e\u540e\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u53ca\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u85cf\u4eba\u653f\u7b56\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u5c81\u6708\u4e2d\u66fe\u51e0\u7ecf\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4ece\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u7684\u5bfb\u6c42“\u72ec\u7acb”\uff0c\u5230\u9010\u6e10\u786e\u5b9a“\u4e2d\u95f4\u9053\u8def”\uff1b\u5317\u4eac\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u5374<\/strong><\/span>30\u5e74\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u5373\u4e3b\u6743\u4e0d\u5bb9\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u7684“\u4e2a\u4eba\u524d\u9014”<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u8868\u9762\u770b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u65b9\u9762\u7684“\u63a5\u8c08”\u8005\u5728\u575a\u5b9a\u7ef4\u62a4\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u6743\u548c\u4e2d\u592e\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u6d41\u4ea1\u85cf\u4eba\u5173\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u897f\u85cf\u4e3b\u6743\u5f52\u5c5e\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u575a\u6301\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u7ed9\u5317\u4eac\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7406\u7531\u53bb\u6307\u8d23\u85cf\u4eba\u5728\u641e“\u53d8\u76f8\u72ec\u7acb”\uff1b\u4e2d\u592e\u7edf\u6218\u90e8\u7684\u5b98\u5458\u751a\u81f3\u6545\u610f\u4e0d\u7406\u776c\u85cf\u4eba\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6709\u5173\u8868\u767d\uff0c\u5373“\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u65e0\u610f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u8ba4\u77e5\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u5728\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u5bfb\u6c42\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u524d\u9014\u7684\u52aa\u529b”\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u7684\u8c08\u5224\u4ee3\u8868\u8fd8\u62bd\u53bb\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bed\u5883\uff0c\u628a\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u671f\u85cf\u4eba\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u62ff\u6765\uff0c\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u786c\u8bf4\u85cf\u4eba\u8981\u56de\u5230\u65e7\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u6731\u7ef4\u7fa4\u751a\u81f3\u7ed9\u6d41\u4ea1\u85cf\u4eba\u6263\u4e86\u4e00\u9876\u5927\u5e3d\u5b50\uff0c\u65ad\u8a00“\u5982\u679c\u6709\u671d\u4e00\u65e5\uff0c\u8fbe\u8d56\u771f\u8981\u5728\u897f\u85cf\u638c\u6743\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u6beb\u4e0d\u7559\u60c5\u5730\u5b9e\u884c\u6c11\u65cf\u6e05\u6d17\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6c11\u65cf\u4ec7\u6740\u7684\u653f\u7b56”\u3002<\/span>[xxii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5317\u4eac\u663e\u5f97\u5982\u6b64\u4e0d\u901a\u60c5\u7406\uff1f\u8fd9\u80cc\u540e\u5176\u5b9e\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u9690\u60c5\u3002\u5317\u4eac“<\/span><\/strong>30\u5e74\u4e0d\u53d8”\u7684\u5f3a\u786c\u7acb\u573a\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u903b\u8f91\u524d\u63d0\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u8fbe\u8d56\u65b9\u9762\u4e43\u662f“\u5206\u88c2”\u7684\u5236\u9020\u8005\uff0c\u662f\u5168\u90e8\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u7684“\u539f\u7f6a”\u3002\u5317\u4eac\u575a\u6301<\/span>1959\u5e74\u62c9\u8428“\u53db\u4e71”\u7684\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4ece\u6ca1\u6709\u68c0\u8ba8\u8fc7\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u6b64\u5373\u80e1\u9526\u6d9b\u6240\u8bf4“\u6211\u4eec\u548c\u8fbe\u8d56\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6c11\u65cf\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b97\u6559\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4eba\u6743\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7ef4\u62a4\u7956\u56fd\u7edf\u4e00\u548c\u5206\u88c2\u7956\u56fd\u7684\u95ee\u9898”\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f4d\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\uff08\u65f6\u4efb\uff09\u7684\u58f0\u660e\uff0c\u5374\u5305\u542b\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u6df7\u6dc6<\/strong>\u3002\u6839\u636e\u672c\u4e66\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u5728\u85cf\u533a\u6240\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u7740\u4e24\u7c7b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u903b\u8f91\uff1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u6743\u884c\u52a8\u8005\uff0c<\/span>1950\u5e74\u4e2d\u5171\u8fdb\u519b\u897f\u85cf\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u7740\u81ea\u665a\u6e05\u3001\u6c11\u56fd\u4ee5\u6765\u5404\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u6743\u5efa\u6784\u4e3b\u6743\u6846\u67b6\u3001\u7ef4\u62a4\u56fd\u5bb6\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5ef6\u7eed\uff0c\u672c\u6765\u65e0\u53ef\u975e\u8bae\uff1b\u4f46\u4f5c\u4e3a\u85cf\u533a\u6539\u9020\u8005\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5f0f\u7684\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u793e\u4f1a\u6539\u9020\u5de5\u7a0b\u5728\u515a\u56fd\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u5236\u5ea6\u6846\u67b6\u5185\u7684\u5f3a\u529b\u63a8\u884c\uff0c\u5374\u7ed9\u85cf\u533a\u5e26\u6765\u5de8\u5927\u707e\u96be\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n\n

\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\uff0c\u6d41\u4ea1\u85cf\u4eba\u65b9\u9762\u7531\u4e8e\u5176“\u72ec\u7acb”\u56fd\u5bb6\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u4f1a\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u3001\u4e43\u81f3\u672c\u80fd\u5730\u628a\u6bdb\u5f0f\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u6539\u9020\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u766b\u72c2\u53ca\u515a\u56fd\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u9020\u6210\u7684\u4eba\u6743\u8feb\u5bb3\u89e3\u8bfb\u4e3a\u6c49\u4eba\u653f\u6743\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u8feb\u5bb3\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5317\u4eac\u65b9\u9762\u7531\u4e8e\u515a\u56fd\u4f53\u5236\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u4ece\u76f8\u53cd\u65b9\u5411\u523b\u610f\u5c06\u4eba\u6743\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u5236\u5ea6\u95ee\u9898\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a“\u5206\u88c2”\u4e0e“\u53cd\u5206\u88c2”\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u575a\u6301\u5802\u800c\u7687\u4e4b\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u8005\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u56de\u907f\u3001\u4e43\u81f3\u5f7b\u5e95\u62b9\u6389\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u85cf\u533a\u6539\u9020\u3001\u85cf\u533a\u6cbb\u7406\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6c61\u70b9\u3001\u6240\u6709\u52a3\u884c\u3002\u62d2\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4<\/span><\/strong>1956\u5e74<\/span>~1959\u5e74<\/span>4\u7701\u85cf\u533a\u66fe\u7ecf\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u8840\u8165\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u575a\u6301\u5e76\u52aa\u529b\u7ef4\u7cfb<\/span>1959\u5e74\u62c9\u8428“\u53db\u4e71”\u4e4b\u56e0\u679c\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u5f25\u5929\u5927\u8c0e\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u515a\u56fd\u9700\u8981\u548c\u515a\u56fd\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u8bc1\u800c\u5df2\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n\n

\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4eba\u95ee\uff1a\u4e2d\u5171\u65e2\u7136\u627f\u8ba4\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u662f“\u5341\u5e74\u6d69\u52ab”\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u6562\u627f\u8ba4<\/span>1956\u5e74\u5230<\/span>1959\u5e74\u85cf\u533a\u6539\u9020\u4e2d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff1f\u4e0d\u9519\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u627f\u8ba4\u6587\u9769\u662f“\u6d69\u52ab”\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4f53\u5236\u5185\u5b66\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u7814\u8ba8\u6587\u9769\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u85cf\u533a\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u6587\u9769\uff09\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u6562\u4e8e\u505a\u51fa\u8fd9\u79cd\u627f\u8ba4\uff08\u5c3d\u7ba1\u627f\u8ba4\u5f97\u5f88\u4e0d\u5f7b\u5e95\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u903b\u8f91\u4e5f\u4e0d\u65e0\u7275\u5f3a\uff09\uff0c\u6bd5\u7adf\u662f\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7b49\u53d7\u5230\u8fc7\u6587\u9769\u8feb\u5bb3\u7684\u4e2d\u5171\u5143\u8001\u5411\u524d\u8d70\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u4f46\u627f\u8ba4<\/strong><\/span>1950\u5e74\u4ee3\u85cf\u533a\u7684“\u6c11\u4e3b\u6539\u9769”\u9519\u4e86\uff0c\u5374\u662f\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u4e2d\u5171\u9886\u5bfc\u96c6\u56e2\u4e0d\u6562\u505a\u7684\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u8fc7\u4e8e\u8840\u8165\uff0c\u8fd8\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u8005\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u85cf\u533a\uff0c\u800c\u5173\u6d89\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5efa\u653f\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f53\u4ee3\u53f2\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u4ece“\u65b0\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49”\u8fc8\u5411“\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49”\u662f\u4eca\u5929\u515a\u4ecd\u7136\u5728\u5411\u5168\u6c11\u704c\u8f93\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u795e\u8bdd\uff0c\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u5730\u533a\u7684“\u6c11\u4e3b\u6539\u9769”\u6784\u6210\u8be5\u795e\u8bdd\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u72af\u8fc7\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f“\u524d\u8fdb\u4e2d\u7684\u66f2\u6298”\uff0c\u4f55\u51b5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9519\u8bef\u90fd\u662f\u7531“\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u515a”\u81ea\u6211\u7ea0\u6b63\u7684\u3002\u5728\u5177\u4f53\u9886\u57df\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u515a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6084\u6084\u5730\u627f\u8ba4“\u5931\u8bef”\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u85cf\u533a\u641e\u4e00\u4e9b“\u7504\u522b”\u3001“\u5e73\u53cd”\u3001“\u9000\u8d54”\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf<\/span>1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u505a\u8fc7\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff1b<\/span>[xxiii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>\n\u4f46\u5728\u516c\u5f00\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u8868\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u5374\u5fc5\u987b\u575a\u6301\u515a\u7684“\u6c11\u4e3b\u6539\u9769”\u4e3b\u5f20\u3001\u515a\u4e3a\u85cf\u533a\u4eba\u6c11\u89c4\u5212\u7684“\u6839\u672c\u9053\u8def”\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6709\u4e1d\u6beb\u6000\u7591\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u6731\u7ef4\u7fa4\u4eec\u8c08\u5224\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u575a\u6301\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n\n

\u65e2\u7136\u515a\u662f“\u5bf9”\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48“\u9519”\u7684\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u654c\u5bf9\u601d\u7ef4<\/strong>\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u654c\u5bf9\u601d\u7ef4\u65e2\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u5b83\u4e60\u60ef\u4e8e\u628a\u4eba\u7fa4\u533a\u5206\u4e3a“\u654c”\u548c“\u6211”\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u5177\u6709\u52bf\u4e0d\u4e24\u7acb\u7684\u6392\u65a5\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u5171\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u5ba3\u4f20\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684“\u654c\u4eba”\u3002<\/span>[xxiv]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u654c\u5bf9\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u4e0d\u8bb2\u6c9f\u901a\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bb2\u59a5\u534f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u6731\u7ef4\u7fa4\u4eec\u7684\u8c08\u5224\u884c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u3002\u6c9f\u901a\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u6307\u5411\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u60f3\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u4e5f\u8c08\u4e0d\u4e0a\u6c9f\u901a\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u515a\u7684\u5b98\u5458\u4eec\u62e5\u6709\u6b63\u5e38\u601d\u7ef4\uff0c\u518d\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u70b9\u672a\u88ab\u626d\u66f2\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u672c\u6765\u5e94\u8be5\u5bf9\u6d41\u4ea1\u85cf\u4eba\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u770b\u4f3c\u6267\u62d7\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8ba4\u77e5\u62b1\u6709\u540c\u60c5\u5f0f\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u4f55\u8c13\u540c\u60c5\u5f0f\u7406\u89e3\uff1f\u5b83\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ece\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bed\u5883\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u67d0\u79cd\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u7f18\u7531\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8be5\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b9e\u5386\u53f2\u6f14\u53d8\u95f4\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5173\u8054\u3002\u5bf9\u67d0\u79cd\u4e3b\u5f20\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u6d41\u4ea1\u85cf\u4eba\u5173\u4e8e\u897f\u85cf“\u56fd\u5bb6”\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8ba4\u77e5\uff09\u7684\u540c\u60c5\u5f0f\u7406\u89e3\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8ba4\u540c\u8be5\u4e3b\u5f20\uff08\u6211\u672c\u4eba\u5173\u4e8e\u897f\u85cf\u5386\u53f2\u5730\u4f4d\u53ca\u5176\u4e0e\u4e2d\u571f\u653f\u6743\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5c31\u662f\u8bc1\u660e\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u4e0d\u4f1a\u52a8\u8f84\u5bf9\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u65bd\u52a0\u975e\u6b64\u5373\u5f7c\u5f0f\u7684\u66b4\u529b\uff08\u5982\u5fc5\u987b\u627f\u8ba4\u897f\u85cf“\u81ea\u53e4\u4ee5\u6765”\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u4e3b\u5f20“\u53d8\u76f8\u72ec\u7acb”\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n\n

\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u89e3\u91ca\u5317\u4eac\u7acb\u573a\u7684\u683c\u5916\u5f3a\u786c\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u56e0\u7d20<\/strong>\u3002<\/span>20\u5e74\u6765\u5353\u6709\u6210\u6548\u7684\u85cf\u4eba\u4e89\u53d6\u56fd\u9645\u58f0\u63f4\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u6784\u6210\u5bf9\u5317\u4eac\u7684\u53cd\u5411\u523a\u6fc0<\/strong>\u3002\u85cf\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u4e00\u65b9\u4e00\u5411\u53d7\u5230\u897f\u65b9\u5404\u56fd\u8206\u8bba\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u516c\u5173\u6d3b\u52a8\u4ea6\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u8f89\u714c\u6210\u529f\uff0c——\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6d41\u4ea1\u85cf\u4eba\u5411\u4e16\u754c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u5168\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u573a\u5408\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u4e3a\u4e89\u53d6\u56fd\u9645\u652f\u6301\u800c\u5938\u5927\u4e2d\u5171\u8d1f\u9762\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u5acc\u3002\u4f46\u4e2d\u5171\u7684\u53cd\u9a73\u901a\u5e38\u663e\u5f97\u65e0\u529b\u4e14\u65e0\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u5f88\u96be\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u5236\u653f\u6743\u8bb2\u7684\u8bdd\u5177\u6709\u516c\u4fe1\u529b\uff0c\u54ea\u6015\u5b83\u8bb2\u7684\u5e76\u975e\u5168\u662f\u5047\u8bdd\u3002\u4e2d\u5171\u5411\u6765\u628a\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4eba\u6743\u6279\u8bc4\u6307\u8d23\u4e3a\u662f\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e3b\u6743\u7684“\u5e72\u6d89”\u3002\u85cf\u4eba\u8bc9\u8bf8\u56fd\u9645\u5e72\u9884\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u8d8a\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u4eba\u6743\u6279\u8bc4\u7684\u62b5\u5236\u5c31\u8d8a\u5f3a\u70c8\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u7eea\u81ea\u7136\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u5bf9\u8c08\u5224\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u548c\u8c08\u5224\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c<\/span>2008\u5e74\u7684\u85cf\u533a“\u9a9a\u4e71”\u66f4\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u5317\u4eac\u5bf9“\u5883\u5916\u654c\u5bf9\u52bf\u529b”\u7684\u8b66\u60d5\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n\n

\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u672c\u4eba\u89c2\u70b9\u548c\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u67d0\u79cd\u53cd\u590d\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f<\/span>1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u7684\u91cd\u56de“\u72ec\u7acb”\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u5317\u4eac\u8c08\u5224\u8005\u7684\u7591\u8651\u3002——\u867d\u7136\uff0c\u4ece\u672c\u4e66\u521a\u521a\u8c08\u5230\u7684“\u540c\u60c5\u5f0f\u7406\u89e3”\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u6d41\u4ea1\u85cf\u4eba\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u5386\u6b21\u53d8\u5316\u5176\u5b9e\u90fd\u6709\u8ff9\u53ef\u5faa\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u672c\u6765\u4e0d\u5e94\u6210\u4e3a\u53cc\u65b9\u8c08\u5224\u7684\u969c\u788d\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n\n

\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u5747\u6784\u6210\u4e2d\u5171\u7edf\u6218\u90e8\u5b98\u5458\u5f3a\u786c\u62d2\u7edd\u6d41\u4ea1\u85cf\u4eba“\u5efa\u8bae”\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u80cc\u666f\u3002\u4f46\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u5173\u952e\u7684\u3002\u8c08\u5224\u65e0\u8fdb\u5c55\u3001\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u8fdb\u5c55\u7684\u66f4\u6839\u672c\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e43\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u770b\u6765<\/strong>——<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n\n

“\u540d\u526f\u5176\u5b9e\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\u5c31\u662f\u5426\u5b9a\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u5b58\u5236\u5ea6”<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n\n

\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u7edf\u6218\u90e8\u526f\u90e8\u957f\u65af\u5854<\/span>2008\u5e74<\/span>12\u6708<\/span>9\u65e5\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u9a7b\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u4e2d\u5916\u8bb0\u8005\u62db\u5f85\u4f1a\u4e0a\u56de\u7b54\u8bb0\u8005\u63d0\u95ee\u65f6\u66fe\u8fd9\u6837\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6d41\u4ea1\u85cf\u4eba\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u4e66\uff1a“\u8fd9\u4efd\u540d\u4e3a\u300a\u4e3a\u5168\u4f53\u85cf\u4eba\u83b7\u5f97\u771f\u6b63\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\u300b\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u5185\u5bb9\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u533a\u57df\u81ea\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u533a\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u533a\u57df\u81ea\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u591a\u515a\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u4eba\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u5426\u5b9a\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u3002”<\/span>[xxv]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n\n

\u65af\u5854\u8bf4\u7684\u662f\u5426\u662f\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5462\uff1f\u5728\u6d41\u4ea1\u85cf\u4eba\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u85cf\u4eba\u4e00\u518d\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03“\u540d\u526f\u5176\u5b9e\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb”\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u5426\u5b9a\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u9886\u5bfc\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u5426\u5b9a“\u4e09\u4e2a\u575a\u6301”\u3002\u85cf\u4eba\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u5728\u8981\u6c42“\u6709\u5236\u5b9a\u7b26\u5408\u81ea\u5df1\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u7279\u70b9\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6743\u5229”\u3002\u85cf\u4eba\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5426\u5b9a\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u5b58\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u5f3a\u8c03“\u81ea\u6cbb\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\uff0c\u5bf9\u672c\u5730\u65b9\u6240\u6709\uff08\u6d89\u53ca\u4e0a\u8ff0\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\uff09\u95ee\u9898\u6709\u5236\u5b9a\u6cd5\u89c4\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u81ea\u6cbb\u653f\u5e9c\u5404\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u6743\u5229\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u81ea\u6cbb\u6743\u5229\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u4e2d\u592e\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ea7\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6743\u5229\u673a\u5173\u4e2d\u5b89\u7f6e\u4ee3\u8868\u5e76\u53d1\u6325\u5b9e\u8d28\u4f5c\u7528\u3002”<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n\n

\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u7edf\u6218\u90e8\u5b98\u5458\u8bb2\u7684\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u6709\u9053\u7406\uff1a\u4f60\u8981\u8ffd\u6c42“\u540d\u526f\u5176\u5b9e\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb”\uff0c\u5206\u660e\u662f\u5728\u6307\u8d23\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u5b58\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u533a\u57df\u81ea\u6cbb\u4e0d\u662f“\u540d\u526f\u5176\u5b9e”\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5047\u7684\uff0c\u540d\u4e0d\u526f\u5b9e\u3002\u96be\u9053\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u5426\u5b9a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7279\u8272\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u9053\u8def\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u4e2d\u56fd<\/span>60\u5e74\u6765\u6240\u5b9e\u884c\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u533a\u57df\u81ea\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u4e48\uff1f\uff01<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n\n

\u5398\u6e05\u53cc\u65b9\u8fd9\u79cd\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u6b63\u76f8\u53cd\u5bf9\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u5f97\u7740\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u5bf9\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u5f62\u5f0f\u6027\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u5236\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u6211\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u90e8\u8457\u4f5c\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e13\u5236\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u4e00\u515a\u4e13\u5236\u5236\u5ea6\u65f6\uff0c\u66fe\u628a\u5f62\u5f0f\u6027\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u533a\u5206\u89c6\u4e3a\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73b0\u4ee3\u6781\u6743\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u6839\u636e<\/span>1982\u5e74\u300a\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u300b\u603b\u7eb2\u7b2c<\/span>1\u6761\uff0c\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u662f“\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u3001\u4ee5\u5de5\u519c\u8054\u76df\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e13\u653f\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6”\uff0c\u6b64\u66f0“\u56fd\u4f53”\uff1b\u7b2c<\/span>2\u6761\uff0c\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u6743\u529b\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4eba\u6c11\uff0c“\u4eba\u6c11\u884c\u4f7f\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u7684\u673a\u5173\u662f\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u5404\u7ea7\u4eba\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a”\uff0c\u6b64\u66f0“\u653f\u4f53”\u3002\u300a\u5baa\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c<\/span>3\u7ae0\u7b2c<\/span>57\u6761\u7279\u522b\u89c4\u5b9a“\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u662f\u6700\u9ad8\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u673a\u5173”\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u7a0d\u6709\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a“\u6700\u9ad8\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u673a\u5173”\u7684\u6743\u529b\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6743\u529b\u63e1\u5728\u6267\u653f\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u624b\u91cc\u3002\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u670d\u4ece“\u515a”\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u548c“\u515a”\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u3002——\u8fd9\u624d\u662f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u901a\u884c\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u5236\u5ea6\u3002<\/strong><\/span>[xxvi]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n\n

\u5bfb\u6c42\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6\u5185\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u533a\u57df\u81ea\u6cbb\uff0c\u4ece\u85cf\u4eba\u89d2\u5ea6\u8bb2\u5b8c\u5168\u5bf9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7b26\u5408\u5baa\u6cd5\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6027\u5236\u5ea6<\/strong>\uff1b\u800c\u6731\u7ef4\u7fa4\u8bf4\u85cf\u4eba“\u540d\u526f\u5176\u5b9e\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb”\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u5426\u5b9a“\u515a\u7684\u9886\u5bfc”\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u9519\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u5b58\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u5236\u5ea6<\/strong>\u662f\u4e00\u515a\u4e13\u653f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u85cf\u4eba\u8ffd\u6c42“\u6709\u5236\u5b9a\u7b26\u5408\u81ea\u5df1\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u7279\u70b9\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6743\u5229”\uff0c\u4f60\u53c8\u600e\u4e48\u4f53\u73b0\u85cf\u533a“\u515a\u7684\u9886\u5bfc”\uff1f\u4f60\u662f\u5426\u8fd8\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4f4d\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u4e66\u8bb0\u4f5c\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u592a\u4e0a\u7687\uff1f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n\n

\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f62\u5f0f\u6027\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5206\u6b8a\u662f\u897f\u85cf\u95ee\u9898\u65e0\u89e3\u7684\u6839\u6e90\uff1a\u53ea\u8981\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u515a\u6743\u7b3c\u7f69\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u515a\u56fd\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u5baa\u6cd5\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u533a\u57df\u81ea\u6cbb\u5c31\u53ea\u80fd\u505c\u7559\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\uff0c“\u515a\u7ba1\u4e00\u5207\u3001\u6c49\u4eba\u5f53\u653f”\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6d88\u9664\uff0c\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u81ea\u6cbb\u5c31\u65e0\u4ece\u8c08\u8d77\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3001\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u56de\u5230\u672c\u7cfb\u5217\u6587\u7ae0\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u5df2\u7ecf\u8c08\u8fc7\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5baa\u653f\u8f6c\u578b\u4e0e\u897f\u85cf\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n\n

\u7b14\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u624d\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u65cf\u95ee\u9898\u5316\u89e3\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u9014\u5f84\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u591a\u4e48\u66f2\u6298\uff0c\u591a\u4e48\u8270\u96be\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u522b\u65e0\u4ed6\u8def\u53ef\u8d70\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n\n

\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u6ca1\u6709\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u9760\u5f3a\u529b\u548c\u8c0e\u8a00\u957f\u4e45\u7ef4\u6301\u5bf9\u8fb9\u7586\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002\u5c31\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u57fa\u7840\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u591a\u6c11\u65cf\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e24\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u5baa\u653f\u539f\u5219\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb<\/span>–\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5171\u540c\u4f53\uff1b\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u591a\u5143\u6587\u5316\u5171\u5b58\u539f\u5219\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7684\u5386\u53f2<\/span>–\u6587\u5316\u5171\u540c\u4f53\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u7684\u5f62\u5851\u5e76\u8fbe\u6210\u5176\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u591a\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u6240\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u4f53\u5fc5\u987b\u5b8c\u6210\u7edf\u6cbb\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\uff1a\u4e00\u515a\u6c38\u8fdc\u5784\u65ad\u516c\u6743\u529b\u80af\u5b9a\u662f\u4e0d\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u5012\u9000\u5230“\u7ea2\u8272\u4e16\u88ad”\u66f4\u5371\u9669\uff0c\u4e5f\u66f4\u6ca1\u6709\u51fa\u8def\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

\u5c31\u897f\u85cf\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u524d\u6587\u5df2\u7ecf\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u5927\u5c40\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u4fc3\u6210\u7684\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u4e0e\u897f\u85cf\u95ee\u9898\u5316\u89e3\u7684\u6b63\u5411\u4e92\u52a8\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff1a<\/span><\/strong>1\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u5cf0\u56de\u8def\u8f6c\u548c\u626c\u5e06\u542f\u52a8\u5c06\u4e3a\u897f\u85cf\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u521b\u9020\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6\uff1b<\/span>2\uff0c\u897f\u85cf\u95ee\u9898\u7684“\u89e3\u51bb”\u548c\u8d70\u5411\u89e3\u51b3\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u4f1a\u63a8\u52a8\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8ba4\u77e5\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u672c\u7740\u5efa\u8bbe\u6027\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u5bf9\u82e5\u5e72\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u9898\u7ed9\u4e88\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u672c\u7cfb\u5217\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u6700\u540e\u56db\u7bc7\u5c31\u6765\u505a\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u656c\u8bf7\u8bfb\u8005\u5173\u6ce8\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

\uff08\u672a\u5b8c\u5f85\u7eed\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n\n


\n\n
\n\n\n\n
\n\n

[i]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u89c1\u300a\u7edf\u6218\u90e8\u526f\u90e8\u957f\u65af\u5854\uff1a\u897f\u85cf\u4eba\u6c11\u4e0d\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5012\u9000\u300b\uff0c<\/span>2008\u5e74<\/span>12\u6708<\/span>10\u65e5\u4eba\u6c11\u7f51\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n

\n\n

[ii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u89c1\u897f\u85cf\u6d41\u4ea1\u653f\u5e9c\u5916\u4ea4\u4e0e\u65b0\u95fb\u90e8\u7f16\u300a“\u4e2d\u95f4\u9053\u8def”\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3001\u5386\u7a0b\u53ca\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u300b\uff0c\u9875<\/span>1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n

\n\n

[iii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u6bd4\u5982\uff0c<\/span>2003\u5e74<\/span>4\u6708<\/span>17\u65e5\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u63a5\u53d7\u53f0\u6e7e\u5b66\u8005\u82cf\u5609\u5b8f\u8bbf\u8c08\u65f6\u5c31\u5f3a\u8c03\uff1a“\u6211\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5bfb\u6c42\u548c\u8c08\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86<\/span>600\u4e07\u897f\u85cf\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u6743\u76ca\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u8c08\u3002”\uff08\u89c1\u300a\u6d41\u4ea1\u4e2d\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u300b\uff0c\u9875<\/span>312\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n

\n\n

[iv]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u89c1“<\/span>2004\u5e74<\/span>3\u6708<\/span>19\u65e5\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u7eaa\u5ff5\u897f\u85cf\u6c11\u65cf\u8d77\u4e49\u65e5<\/span>45\u5468\u5e74\u7684\u58f0\u660e”\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u6d41\u4ea1\u4e2d\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u300b\uff0c\u9875<\/span>370\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n

\n\n

[v]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> “\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u5728‘<\/span>3‧<\/span>10’\u56db\u5341\u516b\u5468\u5e74\u7684\u6f14\u8bf4<\/span>(2007-3-10)”\uff0c\u8f7d\u85cf\u4eba\u884c\u653f\u4e2d\u592e\u5b98\u65b9\u7f51\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n

\n\n

[vi]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u738b\u5c0f\u5f6c\u300a\u7ecf\u7565\u897f\u85cf\uff1a\u65b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u897f\u85cf\u5de5\u4f5c<\/span>60\u5e74\u300b\uff0c\u9875<\/span>404\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n

\n\n

[vii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u9875<\/span>326\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n

\n\n

[viii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u89c1\u300a\u4e2d\u592e\u7edf\u6218\u90e8\u5e38\u52a1\u526f\u90e8\u957f\u6731\u7ef4\u7fa4\u63a5\u53d7\u9999\u6e2f\u51e4\u51f0\u536b\u89c6\u4e3b\u6301\u4eba\u5434\u5c0f\u8389\u91c7\u8bbf\u5b9e\u5f55\u300b\uff0c\u51e4\u51f0\u536b\u89c6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n

\n\n

[ix]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u8f6c\u5f15\u81ea\u300a\u5341\u56db\u4e16\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u4eba\u548c\u4e8b\u300b\uff0c\u9875<\/span>326\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n

\n\n

[x]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u89c1\u300a“\u4e2d\u95f4\u9053\u8def”\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3001\u5386\u7a0b\u53ca\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u300b\uff0c\u9875<\/span>6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n

\n\n

[xi]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u89c1\u300a\u4e2d\u592e\u7edf\u6218\u90e8\u5e38\u52a1\u526f\u90e8\u957f\u6731\u7ef4\u7fa4\u63a5\u53d7\u9999\u6e2f\u51e4\u51f0\u536b\u89c6\u4e3b\u6301\u4eba\u5434\u5c0f\u8389\u91c7\u8bbf\u5b9e\u5f55\u300b\uff0c\u51e4\u51f0\u536b\u89c6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n

\n\n

[xii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u300a“\u4e2d\u95f4\u9053\u8def”\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3001\u5386\u7a0b\u53ca\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u300b\uff0c\u9875<\/span>6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n

\n\n

[xiii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n

\n\n

[xiv]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5747\u5f15\u81ea\u300a\u5168\u4f53\u897f\u85cf\u6c11\u65cf\u5b9e\u73b0\u540d\u526f\u5176\u5b9e\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u300b\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4e66\u5168\u6587\u89c1\u672c\u4e66\u9644\u5f55\u4e8c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n

\n\n

[xv]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u300a\u4e2d\u592e\u7edf\u6218\u90e8\u5e38\u52a1\u526f\u90e8\u957f\u6731\u7ef4\u7fa4\u63a5\u53d7\u9999\u6e2f\u51e4\u51f0\u536b\u89c6\u4e3b\u6301\u4eba\u5434\u5c0f\u8389\u91c7\u8bbf\u5b9e\u5f55\u300b\uff0c\u51e4\u51f0\u536b\u89c6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n

\n\n

[xvi]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n

\n\n

[xvii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u300a\u6731\u7ef4\u7fa4\u63a5\u53d7<\/span>BBC\u91c7\u8bbf\u5b9e\u5f55\u300b\uff0c<\/span>2008\u5e74<\/span>11\u6708<\/span>25\u65e5\uff0c\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u7f51\u7ad9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n

\n\n

[xviii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u300a\u7edf\u6218\u90e8\u526f\u90e8\u957f\u65af\u5854\uff1a\u897f\u85cf\u4eba\u6c11\u4e0d\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5012\u9000\u300b\uff0c<\/span>2008\u5e74<\/span>12\u6708<\/span>10\u65e5\u4eba\u6c11\u7f51\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n

\n\n

[xix]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>  <\/span>\u65b0\u534e\u793e\u5317\u4eac<\/span>2008\u5e74<\/span>11\u6708<\/span>21\u65e5\u7535\uff1a\u8fbe\u8d56\u96c6\u56e2“\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55”\u4e4b\u6211\u89c1\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u76ca\u591a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n

\n\n

[xx]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> “\u4e09\u4e2a\u575a\u6301”\u662f\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u7edf\u6218\u90e8\u90e8\u957f\u675c\u9752\u6797\u63a5\u89c1\u7b2c\u516b\u6b21\u4f1a\u8c08\u4e4b\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u7279\u4f7f\u65f6\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u5373“\u575a\u6301\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u9886\u5bfc\u3001\u575a\u6301\u4e2d\u56fd\u7279\u8272\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u9053\u8def\u3001\u575a\u6301\u6c11\u65cf\u533a\u57df\u81ea\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u662f\u5baa\u6cd5\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u8fdd\u53cd\u5baa\u6cd5\u3001\u5426\u5b9a‘\u4e09\u4e2a\u575a\u6301’\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u662f\u7edd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5141\u8bb8\u7684”\u3002\u89c1\u300a\u9999\u5df4\u62c9\u7684\u8ff7\u9014\uff1a\u5341\u56db\u4e16\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u4eba\u548c\u4e8b\u300b\uff0c\u9875<\/span>330\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n

\n\n

[xxi]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e3a\u300a“\u5168\u4f53\u897f\u85cf\u6c11\u65cf\u5b9e\u73b0\u540d\u526f\u5176\u5b9e\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u5efa\u8bae”\u9610\u91ca\u300b\u7684\u8981\u70b9\uff0c\u300a\u9610\u91ca\u300b\u5168\u6587\u8bf7\u89c1\u672c\u4e66\u9644\u5f55\u4e09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n

\n\n

[xxii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u300a\u4e2d\u592e\u7edf\u6218\u90e8\u5e38\u52a1\u526f\u90e8\u957f\u6731\u7ef4\u7fa4\u63a5\u53d7\u9999\u6e2f\u51e4\u51f0\u536b\u89c6\u4e3b\u6301\u4eba\u5434\u5c0f\u8389\u91c7\u8bbf\u5b9e\u5f55\u300b\uff0c\u51e4\u51f0\u536b\u89c6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n

\n\n

[xxiii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c<\/span>1981\u5e74\uff0c\u65f6\u4efb\u9752\u6d77\u7701\u59d4\u526f\u4e66\u8bb0\u7684\u624e\u559c\u65fa\u5f90\u66fe\u5411\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u4e0a\u4e66\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u89e3\u51b3\u9752\u6d77\u7701<\/span>1958\u5e74“\u5e73\u53db\u6597\u4e89\u6269\u5927\u5316”\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7a0d\u540e\u4e2d\u592e\u4e66\u8bb0\u5904\u6307\u793a\u5404\u6709\u5173\u7701\u533a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e13\u6848\u7ec4\u91cd\u65b0\u590d\u67e5\u5386\u53f2\u6863\u6848\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u9752\u6d77\u7389\u6811\u3001\u679c\u6d1b\u3001\u9ec4\u5357\u7b49\u4e09\u4e2a\u5f53\u5e74\u9547\u538b\u6700\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u5dde\uff0c\u5e73\u53cd\u7387\u5206\u522b\u8fbe\u5230<\/span>98.52%\u3001<\/span>83.60%\u548c<\/span>71.64%\u3002\uff08\u89c1\u674e\u6c5f\u7433\u300a\u5f53\u94c1\u9e1f\u5728\u5929\u7a7a\u98de\u7fd4\uff1a<\/span>1956~1962\u9752\u85cf\u9ad8\u539f\u4e0a\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u6218\u4e89\u300b\uff0c\u9875<\/span>457\uff09\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u4e8b\u58f0\u5f20\u7684\u3002\u5728\u5b98\u65b9\u89e3\u91ca\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u5b57\u53ea\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5e73\u53db“\u6269\u5927\u5316”\u4e86\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740“\u5e73\u53db”\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u9519\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n

\n\n

[xxiv]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u5bf9\u4f5c\u4e3a“\u654c\u4eba”\u7684\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u63cf\u8ff0\u662f“\u8fbe\u8d56\u662f\u56fe\u8c0b\u897f\u85cf\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5206\u88c2\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u6cbb\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u603b\u5934\u5b50\ufe50\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u53cd\u534e\u52bf\u529b\u7684\u5fe0\u5b9e\u5de5\u5177\ufe50\u662f\u5728\u897f\u85cf\u5236\u9020\u52a8\u4e71\u7684\u603b\u6839\u6e90\ufe50\u662f\u963b\u6320\u85cf\u4f20\u4f5b\u6559\u5efa\u7acb\u6b63\u5e38\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u6700\u5927\u969c\u788d”\u3002\u65f6\u4efb\u897f\u85cf\u81ea\u6cbb\u533a\u515a\u59d4\u4e66\u8bb0\u9648\u594e\u5143<\/span>1996\u5e74<\/span>5\u6708<\/span>14\u65e5\u5728\u897f\u85cf\u81ea\u6cbb\u533a\u4eba\u5927\u548c\u653f\u534f\u516d\u5c4a\u56db\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u515a\u5458\u5927\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u8bb2\u8bdd\u5c31\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00“\u5b9a\u6027”\u3002\u89c1\u5f90\u660e\u65ed\u300a\u9634\u8c0b\u4e0e\u8654\u8bda\uff1a\u62c9\u8428\u9a9a\u4e71\u7684\u6765\u9f99\u53bb\u8109\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c<\/span>10\u7ae0“\u6cd5\u8f6e\u5e38\u8f6c”<\/span><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n

\n\n

[xxv]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u89c1\u300a\u7edf\u6218\u90e8\u526f\u90e8\u957f\u65af\u5854\uff1a\u897f\u85cf\u4eba\u6c11\u4e0d\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5012\u9000\u300b\uff0c<\/span>2008\u5e74<\/span>12\u6708<\/span>10\u65e5\u4eba\u6c11\u7f51\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n

\n\n

[xxvi]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u89c1\u62d9\u8457\u300a\u4ece\u4e94\u56db\u5230\u516d\u56db\uff1a<\/span>20\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e13\u5236\u4e3b\u4e49\u6279\u5224\u300b\uff08\u7b2c\u4e00\u5377\uff09\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u6668\u949f\u4e66\u5c40<\/span>2008\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u9875<\/span>59\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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