{"id":3852,"date":"2008-02-18T07:37:35","date_gmt":"2008-02-18T07:37:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:10081\/?p=3852 "},"modified":"2008-02-18T07:37:35","modified_gmt":"2008-02-18T07:37:35","slug":"3852-revision-v1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/?p=3852","title":{"rendered":"&nbsp;\u571f\u6539\u4e2d\u7684\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1"},"content":{"rendered":"<P><FONT size=3>\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c \u4e2d\u56fd\u4e61\u6751\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5916\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u70ed\u70b9\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4e2d\u5916\u5b66\u754c\u5df2\u7ecf\u79ef\u7d2f\u4e86\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\uff0c \u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u57fa\u5c42\u5e72\u90e8\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u58eb\u7ec5\u4e00\u6837\uff0c \u4e3b\u8981\u5fe0\u5b9e\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u793e\u533a[1]\uff1b\u6709\u4eba\u4e3b\u5f20\u5730\u65b9\u57fa\u5c42\u5e72\u90e8\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u5168\u4e3a\u515a\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u6240\u540c\u5316\uff0c\u662f\u5176\u5728\u4e61\u6751\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba[2]\uff1b \u6709\u4eba\u91c7\u53d6\u8f83\u4e3a\u6298\u4e2d\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c \u63d0\u51fa\u5730\u65b9\u5e72\u90e8\u65e2\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u5730\u65b9\u793e\u533a\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u4ee3\u8868[3]\uff1b \u8fd8\u6709\u4eba\u5f3a\u8c03\u5e94\u8be5\u6ce8\u610f\u5730\u65b9\u7cbe\u82f1\u4eba\u7269\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u548c\u5229\u76ca\u8bc9\u6c42[4]\uff1b \u56e0\u800c\uff0c \u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u800c\u662f\u79bb\u95f4\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u4e61\u6751\u793e\u4f1a[5].\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89e3\u91ca\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u5408\u7406\u6027\u548c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u591a\u91cd\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c \u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5176\u884c\u4e3a\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f5c\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u4eba\uff0c \u5fc5\u987b\u670d\u4ece\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u3001\u6267\u884c\u56fd\u5bb6\u610f\u5fd7\uff1b \u4f5c\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u4eba\uff0c \u662f\u4e61\u6751\u793e\u533a\u6210\u5458\u548c\u793e\u533a\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\u8005\uff1b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4eba\uff08 \u7406\u6027\u4eba\uff09 \uff0c \u53c8\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u8ffd\u9010\u8005\u3002\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u5f62\u52bf\u548c\u5fae\u89c2\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u5f80\u5f80\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u503e\u5411\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ee5\u5c71\u4e1c\u3001\u6cb3\u5317\u7b49\u7701\u7684\u571f\u6539\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u63a2\u8ba8\u5728\u201c\u8fd0\u52a8\u578b\u4e61\u6751\u6cbb\u7406\u201d\u683c\u5c40\u4e2d\uff0c\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u5904\u5883\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81[6].\u7b14\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c \u4ece\u571f\u5730\u6539\u9769\u8fd0\u52a8\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c \u7fa4\u4f17\u8fd0\u52a8\u9010\u6e10\u6210\u4e3a\u515a\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e61\u6751\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u4e61\u6751\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u867d\u5df2\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u524d\u6240\u672a\u89c1\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c \u4f46\u57fa\u5c42\u7cbe\u82f1\u5e76\u672a\u5b8c\u5168\u6210\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5fe0\u5b9e\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\uff0c \u800c\u662f\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4eba\u3001\u7406\u6027\u4eba\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u6307\u5f15\u4e0b\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u8fdb\u884c\u535a\u5f08\uff0c \u8bd5\u56fe\u7ef4\u62a4\u6751\u793e\u5229\u76ca\u6216\u8ffd\u9010\u4e2a\u4eba\u79c1\u5229\uff0c\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u660e\u663e\u7684\u79bb\u5fc3\u503e\u5411\u3002\u4f46\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c \u5728\u5df2\u6210\u4e61\u6751\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd0\u4f5c\u4e4b\u5e38\u6001\u7684\u7fa4\u4f17\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c \u7531\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u4ecb\u5165\u548c\u4e61\u6751\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u52a8\u5458\uff0c \u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u53c8\u65f6\u5e38\u5904\u4e8e\u6743\u8d23\u5206\u79bb\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u201c\u53bb\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u201d\u503e\u5411\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>\u4e00\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u6297\u8861\u8005<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>\u8bba\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c 20 \u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e61\u6751\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u53d8\u8fc1\uff0c \u5e94\u8be5\u89c6\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u6e17\u900f\u548c\u4e61\u6751\u793e\u4f1a\u53cd\u5e94\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fde\u7eed\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c \u800c\u201c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6751\u5e84\u5411\u5916\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u201d\u3002\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u63a7\u5236\u4e61\u6751\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e61\u6751\u793e\u4f1a\u4e5f\u5728\u5229\u7528\u548c\u6297\u8861\u56fd\u5bb6[7].\u4ece\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c \u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4f1a\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u57fa\u5c42\u7ec4\u7ec7\u673a\u5236\u52a0\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\uff0c \u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u6751\u5e84\u4e2d\u4e89\u53d6\u6709\u5229\u5730\u4f4d\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c \u5f53\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u7d22\u53d6\u8d85\u51fa\u4e61\u6751\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u627f\u53d7\u80fd\u529b\uff0c \u6216\u8005\u4e0a\u7ea7\u653f\u4ee4\u4e0e\u6751\u5e84\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0d\u5408\u65f6\uff0c \u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u4f1a\u91c7\u53d6\u5404\u79cd\u63aa\u65bd\u52a0\u4ee5\u62b5\u5236\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5b8c\u5168\u6765\u81ea\u56fd\u5bb6\u6388\u6743\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u516c\u7136\u4e0e\u4e4b\u6297\u8861\uff0c \u800c\u53ea\u80fd\u91c7\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u975e\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u3001\u9690\u853d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c \u5373\u65af\u79d1\u7279\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u5f31\u8005\u7684\u6b66\u5668\u201d\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u62b5\u5236[8].<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>\u5728\u571f\u6539\u671f\u95f4\uff0c \u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u4ee5\u5404\u79cd\u9690\u853d\u624b\u6bb5\u6297\u8861\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c11\u89c1\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5927\u62b5\u5305\u62ec\u4e94\u79cd\u3002\u4e00\u66f0\u62d6\u5ef6\u3002\u4e0a\u7ea7\u5e03\u7f6e\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u4efb\u52a1\u591a\u6709\u5176\u65f6\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u89c4\u5b9a\u65f6\u9650\u5185\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u6210\u4fbf\u5f80\u5f80\u88ab\u6401\u7f6e\u6216\u653e\u5f03\uff0c \u62d6\u5ef6\u624b\u6bb5\u867d\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u62db\u81f4\u4e0a\u7ea7\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c \u4f46\u5f53\u56fd\u5bb6\u610f\u5fd7\u4e0e\u7cbe\u82f1\u4e2a\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\u6216\u6751\u5e84\u793e\u533a\u5229\u76ca\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u3001\u96be\u4ee5\u534f\u8c03\u65f6\uff0c \u8fd9\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5cad\u5b50\u6751\u56e0\u5929\u65f1\u65e0\u96e8\uff0c\u652f\u90e8\u51b3\u5b9a\u5e26\u5934\u63a8\u52a8\u7fa4\u4f17\u6253\u4e95\uff0c \u51b3\u5b9a\u5728\u652f\u4e66\u548c\u6751\u957f\u4e8c\u4eba\u7684\u5730\u91cc\u6253\u4e00\u773c\u4e95\u3002\u4e24\u4eba\u53e3\u5934\u4e0a\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u201c\u5b9e\u9645\u601d\u60f3\u4e0d\u901a\uff0c \u5f80\u4e0b\u63a8\uff0c \u85c9\u53e3\u5de5\u4f5c\u5fd9\u3001\u6709\u75c5\u201d\uff0c \u6700\u7ec8\u4e95\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u6253\u6210[9].\u4e8c\u66f0\u8f6c\u79fb\u3002\u571f\u6539\u671f\u95f4\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u5404\u79cd\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u5404\u79cd\u4efb\u52a1\u63a5\u8e35\u800c\u6765\uff0c \u5f53\u4e0a\u7ea7\u4e0b\u8fbe\u7684\u67d0\u9879\u4efb\u52a1\u96be\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u7d22\u6027\u5c06\u5168\u90e8\u7cbe\u529b\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u642a\u585e\u7684\u85c9\u53e3\u3002\u4e0a\u7ea7\u5f88\u96be\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u800c\u505c\u6b62\u5176\u4ed6\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c \u6709\u65f6\u4fbf\u53ea\u597d\u4e0d\u4e86\u4e86\u4e4b\u3002\u4e09\u66f0\u9690\u7792\u3002\u5728\u4e0a\u7ea7\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u4e0a\u7ea7\u5e72\u90e8\u9762\u524d\uff0c \u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u548c\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u62e5\u6709\u6751\u793e\u5730\u65b9\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c45\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u6751\u5e84\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6865\u6881\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c \u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e0a\u7ea7\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u51b3\u8bae\u4e0d\u6ee1\u6216\u8005\u96be\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u65f6\uff0c \u8bf4\u5047\u8bdd\u4e0d\u5931\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6297\u62d2\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c \u8fd9\u5f80\u5f80\u7528\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u96be\u4ee5\u7cbe\u786e\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff08 \u4f8b\u5982\u9636\u7ea7\u5212\u5206\u7684\u6210\u4efd\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3001\u7fa4\u4f17\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u53c2\u52a0\u4eba\u6570\uff09 \uff0c \u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f81\u5175\u3001\u5f81\u7cae\u7b49\u6d89\u53ca\u8d44\u6e90\u6c72\u53d6\u7684\u786c\u6027\u6307\u6807\u8f83\u96be\u594f\u6548[10].\u56db\u66f0\u7279\u6b8a\u5316\uff0c \u5373\u5f3a\u8c03\u672c\u5730\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c \u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u7531\u62d2\u7edd\u6267\u884c\u4e0a\u7ea7\u6307\u793a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u300a\u4e94\u56db\u6307\u793a\u300b\u4e0b\u8fbe\u540e\uff0c \u5180\u4e2d\u8bb8\u591a\u57fa\u5c42\u5e72\u90e8\u58f0\u79f0\u5f53\u5730\u662f\u8001\u89e3\u653e\u533a\uff0c\u53c8\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86\u53cd\u9ed1\u5730\u3001\u51cf\u79df\u51cf\u606f\uff0c \u5730\u4e3b\u5bcc\u519c\u5df2\u7ecf\u57fa\u672c\u6d88\u706d\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6309\u6307\u793a\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d[11].\u518d\u5982\u9648\u80dc\u6751\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c 1947 \u5e74\u533a\u5e72\u8fdb\u6751\u53f7\u53ec\u590d\u67e5\u65f6\uff0c \u6751\u5e72\u90e8\u5373\u201c\u601d\u60f3\u4e0d\u901a\u201d\uff0c \u58f0\u79f0\u672c\u6751\u60c5\u5f62\u7279\u6b8a\uff0c \u5df2\u7ecf\u6ca1\u6709\u5730\u4e3b\u5bcc\u519c\uff0c \u4e0d\u613f\u590d\u67e5[12].\u8fd9\u5728\u5404\u5730\u571f\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5c61\u89c1\u4e0d\u9c9c\u3002\u4e94\u66f0\u6781\u7aef\u5316\u3002\u5f53\u5f81\u5175\u3001\u5f81\u7cae\u7b49\u4efb\u52a1\u96be\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\uff0c \u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u8d1f\u6709\u5e26\u5934\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u6709\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\u7d22\u6027\u91c7\u7528\u8fc7\u9ad8\u8ba4\u5f81\u7b49\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6751\u6c11\u4e4b\u53e3\u8ba9\u4e0a\u7ea7\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u961f\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u5f81\u7cae\u6570\u989d\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u6751\u5e84\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u627f\u53d7\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5f20\u5e84\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f81\u6536\u516c\u7cae\u800c\u52a8\u5458\u515a\u5458\u5e26\u5934\u81ea\u62a5\u4ea7\u91cf\uff0c \u4e00\u540d\u515a\u5458\u8bf4\u201c\u6211\u6253\u4e86\u516b\u5341\u65a4\uff0c \u5168\u90fd\u9001\u53bb\u201d\uff0c \u5f15\u8d77\u5de5\u4f5c\u961f\u957f\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u7ecf\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bb6\u65e9\u5df2\u65ad\u7cae\uff0c \u9700\u8981\u4e0a\u5c71\u6316\u91ce\u83dc\u5145\u9965\uff0c \u6700\u7ec8\u88ab\u514d\u53bb\u4e86\u516c\u7cae\u8d1f\u62c5[13].\u5c71\u4e1c\u7701\u7259\u524d\u53bf\u4e00\u4efd\u571f\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\uff0c \u67d0\u5206\u533a\u65e0\u89c6\u6751\u652f\u90e8\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u53e6\u4e00\u540d\u515a\u5458\u4efb\u547d\u4e3a\u652f\u4e66\uff0c \u539f\u5e72\u90e8\u7fa4\u4f53\u5bf9\u6b64\u6781\u4e3a\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c \u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u79cd\u79cd\u969c\u788d\uff0c \u81f4\u4f7f\u5176\u201c\u515a\u5185\u515a\u5916\u5b64\u7acb\u201d\u3001\u4e3b\u52a8\u63d0\u51fa\u8f9e\u804c\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5206\u533a\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u6309\u7167\u652f\u90e8\u610f\u89c1\u91cd\u65b0\u6539\u7ec4\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u652f\u90e8\u81ea\u9009\u7684\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u3001\u524d\u4efb\u6307\u5bfc\u5458\u3001\u524d\u519c\u4f1a\u4f1a\u957f\u3001\u6c11\u5175\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5e72\u90e8\u5728\u5185\u7684\u57fa\u5c42\u7cbe\u82f1\u7ed3\u6210\u540c\u76df\uff0c \u5bf9\u5206\u533a\u4efb\u547d\u7684\u652f\u4e66\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6709\u6548\u7684\u62b5\u5236[14].\u5728\u4e0a\u7ea7\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0e\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u8f83\u91cf\u4e2d\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u80dc\u5229\u3002\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\uff0c \u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u5bf9\u4e61\u6751\u793e\u533a\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u9650\u5ea6\u7684\uff0c \u57fa\u5c42\u7cbe\u82f1\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e00\u65e6\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c \u5373\u62e5\u6709\u8f83\u5f3a\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u76f8\u6297\u8861\uff08 \u5f53\u7136\u8fd9\u79cd\u6297\u8861\u4e5f\u987b\u63a7\u5236\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u9650\u5ea6\u4e4b\u5185\uff09 \uff0c \u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u4e61\u6751\u793e\u533a\u7684\u6709\u9650\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u4e00\u822c\u5f88\u96be\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u7cbe\u82f1\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u5168\u90e8\u64a4\u6362\uff0c \u4ee3\u4e4b\u4ee5\u65b0\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\u7fa4\u4f53\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>\u57fa\u5c42\u7cbe\u82f1\u7fa4\u4f53\u6297\u8861\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e8b\u4f8b\uff0c \u6765\u81ea\u5efa\u56fd\u521d\u671f\u7684\u534e\u5c71\u53bf\u80e1\u697c\u6751\u3002\u534e\u5c71\u53bf\u8ba1\u5212\u4e8e1951 \u5e741\u67085 \u65e5\u4e3e\u884c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u516c\u5ba1\u4f1a\uff0c\u5904\u51b3\u80e1\u4e07\u7965\u7b49\u56db\u540d\u6076\u9738\u5730\u4e3b\u3002\u80e1\u697c\u6751\u5f97\u5230\u901a\u77e5\u540e\uff0c \u6751\u652f\u4e66\u3001\u6c11\u5175\u961f\u957f\u3001\u56e2\u652f\u4e66\u3001\u519c\u4f1a\u4f1a\u957f\u3001\u6587\u4e66\u548c\u4e00\u540d\u6c11\u5175\u4e3e\u884c\u76df\u8a93\uff0c \u51b3\u5b9a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7fa4\u4f17\u5728\u516c\u5ba1\u4f1a\u4e0a\u56f4\u62a4\u80e1\u4e07\u7965\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7cbe\u5fc3\u5b89\u6392\uff0c \u901a\u8fc7\u6c11\u5175\u3001\u519c\u4f1a\u3001\u5987\u4f1a\u3001\u9752\u5e74\u56e2\u5404\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e86\u6570\u767e\u7fa4\u4f17\uff0c \u5728\u4f1a\u573a\u4e0a\u5236\u9020\u6df7\u4e71\uff0c \u5ba1\u5224\u957f\u88ab\u8feb\u5ba3\u5e03\u6682\u7f13\u6267\u884c\uff0c \u5c06\u72af\u4eba\u62bc\u56de\u3002\u6b64\u540e\u6570\u65e5\u5185\u80e1\u697c\u6751\u4e0e\u53bf\u3001\u533a\u653f\u5e9c\u5f62\u6210\u5bf9\u7acb\uff0c \u76f4\u5230\u53bf\u516c\u5b89\u5c40\u5c06\u6570\u540d\u8087\u4e8b\u8005\u6263\u62bc\uff0c \u98ce\u6ce2\u624d\u5f97\u4ee5\u5e73\u606f[15].\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c \u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e2a\u522b\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\uff0c \u800c\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u7cbe\u82f1\u7fa4\u4f53\u751a\u81f3\u6574\u4e2a\u6751\u793e\uff0c \u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u4e0d\u4f46\u672c\u4eba\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c \u66f4\u628a\u515a\u3001\u653f\u3001\u7fa4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4f5c\u4e3a\u52a8\u5458\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53bb\u53d1\u52a8\u7fa4\u4f17\u4ece\u4e8b\u6297\u8861\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e8b\u4f8b\u867d\u5c5e\u4e2a\u522b\uff0c \u5374\u8db3\u4ee5\u8868\u660e\uff0c \u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u6d89\u53ca\u7269\u8d28\u5229\u76ca\u65f6\u6751\u5e84\u7cbe\u82f1\u4f1a\u6297\u8861\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c \u5373\u4fbf\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9886\u57df\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c \u6751\u5e84\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u51c6\u5219\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u53cd\u6297\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u5728\u571f\u6539\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u6751\u5e84\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u5408\u529b\u5e94\u4ed8\u4e0a\u7ea7\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u5e76\u4e0d\u9c9c\u89c1\u3002\u5f53\u571f\u6539\u4efb\u52a1\u4f20\u8fbe\u5230\u674e\u7267\u5e84\u65f6\uff0c \u6751\u5e72\u90e8\u79f0\u672c\u6751\u5df2\u7ecf\u201c\u53cd\u4e86\u6076\u9738\uff0c \u4e0d\u7528\u571f\u6539\u201d\uff0c \u540e\u5728\u4e0a\u7ea7\u5c61\u6b21\u50ac\u4fc3\u4e0b\uff0c\u201c\u628a\u4ee5\u524d\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u51e0\u6237\u53eb\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c4b\u91cc\uff0c\u8bf4\u4e0a\u7ea7\u547d\u4ee4\u571f\u6539\uff0c \u4e0d\u6539\u4e0d\u884c\u554a\uff0c \u4f60\u4eec\u591a\u5c11\u62ff\u51fa\u70b9\u6765\u5427\uff0c \u4e0d\u7ba1\u597d\u574f\uff0c \u4f60\u4eec\u62ff\u70b9\u5427\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u5171\u62ff\u51fa\u571f\u573013 \u4ea9\u201d[16].\u4e49\u548c\u5e84\u5f00\u5c55\u51cf\u79df\u51cf\u606f\u65f6\uff0c \u6751\u5e72\u90e8\u5c06\u4e1a\u3001\u4f43\u53cc\u65b9\u53eb\u5230\u6751\u516c\u6240\uff0c \u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6\u4eec\u201c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0a\u7ea7\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c \u8981\u51cf\u79df\u51cf\u606f\u4e86\u201d\uff0c \u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u53bb\u51cf\u3002\u8fdb\u884c\u571f\u6539\u590d\u67e5\u65f6\uff0c\u6751\u5e72\u90e8\u4e0e\u5730\u4e3b\u3001\u5bcc\u519c\u5171\u540c\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c \u732e\u51fa20 \u4f59\u4ea9\u5730\u548c\u90e8\u5206\u6d6e\u8d22[17].\u636e\u4e94\u83b2\u53bf\u59d4\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u590d\u67e5\u4e2d\u66fe\u51fa\u73b0\u201c\u5e72\u90e8\u53bb\u9080\u7ea6\u5730\u4e3b\u4e0a\u5e99\uff0c \u5f62\u6210\u5e72\u90e8\u7fa4\u4f17\u5728\u5c01\u5efa\u52bf\u529b\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0b\uff0c \u52fe\u7ed3\u8d77\u6765\u5e94\u4ed8\u6211\u4eec\u201d\u7684\u60c5\u5f62[18].\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6751\u5e84\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u548c\u9636\u5c42\u7ed3\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u4f53\uff0c \u8054\u5408\u5e94\u4ed8\u5916\u529b\u5bf9\u6751\u793e\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4ecb\u5165\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u62e5\u6709\u4ee5\u9636\u7ea7\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u529b\u91cf\uff0c \u4f46\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u6751\u793e\u6210\u5458\u5fc3\u4e2d\uff0c \u5b83\u5374\u548c\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u9887\u4e3a\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u6751\u793e\u539f\u6709\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u56e0\u7d20\u548c\u7834\u574f\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>\u5728\u56fd\u5171\u4e24\u515a\u4e89\u593a\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u5730\u533a\uff0c \u6751\u5e84\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5f52\u5c5e\u53d8\u52a8\u4e0d\u5b9a\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5916\u529b\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u6751\u6c11\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u4e43\u81f3\u751f\u5b58\u6784\u6210\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c \u51fa\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\u6751\u5e84\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u8003\u8651\uff0c \u5c31\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5f62\u6210\u4f20\u7edf\u4e61\u6751\u7cbe\u82f1\u4e0e\u65b0\u578b\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u5171\u540c\u5e94\u4ed8\u5916\u6765\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u8054\u76df\u3002\u4e49\u548c\u5e84\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u8be5\u6751\u4e8e1945 \u5e74\u65e5\u672c\u6295\u964d\u540e\u89e3\u653e\uff0c \u5c5e\u4e8e\u534a\u8001\u533a\uff0c 1946 \u5e74\u6625\u96c6\u4f53\u53d1\u5c55\u4e00\u6279\u515a\u5458\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u652f\u90e8\u3002\u4e0d\u4e45\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u519b\u961f\u4fb5\u5165\uff0c \u652f\u4e66\u5f20\u4e1c\u9c81\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u59d4\u5458\u5f20\u4e1c\u6c49\u3001\u5ba3\u4f20\u59d4\u5458\u5f20\u4e1c\u5e73\u7b49\u4e3b\u52a8\u4e0e\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u7279\u52a1\u674e\u5148\u4e94\u8fbe\u6210\u534f\u8bae\uff1a \u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u6765\u65f6\u652f\u90e8\u8d1f\u8d23\u63a9\u62a4\u674e\uff0c \u674e\u5219\u5411\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u519b\u961f\u4fdd\u5168\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002\u4e0a\u7ea7\u53d1\u73b0\u540e\u902e\u6355\u4e86\u51e0\u540d\u515a\u5458\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u652f\u90e8\u89e3\u6563\u30021947 \u5e74\u91cd\u5efa\u652f\u90e8\u540e\uff0c \u652f\u59d4\u548c\u515a\u5458\u4ecd\u4e0e\u6751\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4e3b\u548c\u201c\u4e09\u756a\u5b50\u201d\uff08 \u4f1a\u9053\u95e8\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff09 \u5173\u7cfb\u5bc6\u5207\u3002\u571f\u6539\u65f6\uff0c \u652f\u90e8\u4e66\u8bb0\u5411\u5730\u4e3b\u5f20\u76f8\u5982\u8868\u793a\u201c\u4e0d\u7528\u5bb3\u6015\u201d\uff1b \u540c\u5e74\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u519b\u961f\u518d\u6b21\u8fdb\u653b\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u5730\u4e3b\u5219\u5bf9\u652f\u90e8\u7ec4\u7ec7\u59d4\u5458\u5f20\u4e1c\u6c49\u8bf4\u201c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4e8b\uff0c \u6709\u6211\u201d[19].\u5728\u6b64\uff0c \u652f\u90e8\u3001\u515a\u5458\u4e0e\u5730\u4e3b\u3001\u7279\u52a1\u4e4b\u95f4\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u76f8\u4e92\u5e87\u62a4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u672a\u96e8\u7ef8\u7f2a\uff0c\u4e3a\u968f\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u5230\u6765\u7684\u6743\u529b\u66f4\u66ff\uff08\u201c\u53d8\u5929\u201d\uff09 \u505a\u597d\u51c6\u5907\uff0c\u7559\u4e0b\u540e\u8def\uff0c\u5176\u9053\u7406\u6b63\u4e0e\u6297\u6218\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u201c\u4e24\u9762\u653f\u6743\u201d\u76f8\u4f3c[20].\u5728\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u770b\u6765\uff0c \u652f\u90e8\u515a\u5458\u7684\u201c\u52fe\u7279\u201d\u3001\u201c\u6295\u654c\u201d\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u5bf9\u515a\u7eaa\u7684\u8fdd\u72af\u3001\u5bf9\u9769\u547d\u7684\u80cc\u53db\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u57fa\u5c42\u7cbe\u82f1\u81ea\u8eab\u770b\u6765\uff0c \u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u548c\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u90fd\u662f\u8db3\u4ee5\u51b3\u5b9a\u6751\u6c11\u547d\u8fd0\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u5916\u6765\u529b\u91cf\uff0c \u4e0e\u7279\u52a1\u3001\u5730\u4e3b\u7ed3\u76df\u662f\u5728\u52a8\u8361\u5c40\u52bf\u4e2d\u6c42\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e8b\u5173\u515a\u5458\u7684\u751f\u5b58\uff0c \u4e0a\u7ea7\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u5374\u4e5f\u8868\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u533a\u515a\u59d4\u5de5\u4f5c\u56e2\u5bf9\u201c\u52fe\u7279\u201d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u73af\u5883\u6076\u5316\uff0c \u652f\u90e8\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u4e0a\u9762\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u652f\u6301\uff0c \u654c\u4eba\u8840\u8165\u9547\u538b\uff0c \u5168\u533a\u6740\u4e86\u4e94\u5341\u591a\u4eba\uff0c \u81f4\u4f7f\u90e8\u5206\u515a\u5458\u53d8\u6210\u4e24\u9762\u6d3e\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u5168\u751f\u547d\u8d22\u4ea7\u3002\u201d\u57281947 \u5e74\u91cd\u5efa\u652f\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c \u9664\u5f20\u4e1c\u5e73\u516c\u5f00\u6295\u673a\u88ab\u5f00\u9664\u3001\u5f20\u4e1c\u9c81\u81ea\u52a8\u53c2\u519b\u3001\u5f20\u4e1c\u8363\u56e0\u5bb3\u6015\u800c\u9003\u8d70\u5916\uff0c \u5f53\u521d\u88ab\u89e3\u6563\u768410 \u6765\u540d\u515a\u5458\u5168\u90e8\u91cd\u65b0\u5165\u515a\uff0c \u4e3b\u52a8\u201c\u52fe\u7279\u201d\u7684\u5f20\u4e1c\u6c49\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u62c5\u4efb\u7ec4\u7ec7\u59d4\u5458\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c6\u4e3a\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5728\u65e0\u53ef\u5948\u4f55\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c \u5bf9\u519c\u6c11\u515a\u5458\u57fa\u4e8e\u751f\u5b58\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u8fdd\u80cc\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u539f\u5219\u4e4b\u4e3e\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u59a5\u534f\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>\u4e8c\u3001\u4e2a\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u8ffd\u9010\u8005<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u6388\u6743\u4e0b\u62c5\u8d1f\u4e61\u6751\u793e\u4f1a\u6cbb\u7406\u4e4b\u8d23\uff0c\u517c\u5177\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u548c\u6751\u5e84\u793e\u533a\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c \u4f46\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c \u4ed6\u4eec\u53c8\u6709\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u8bc9\u6c42\uff08 \u6700\u521d\u662f\u7cbe\u82f1\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u8bc9\u6c42\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u5f80\u5f80\u53c8\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u7cbe\u82f1\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u8bc9\u6c42\uff09 .\u571f\u6539\u671f\u95f4\uff0c \u57fa\u5c42\u7cbe\u82f1\u5229\u7528\u6743\u529b\u8c0b\u6c42\u79c1\u5229\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u5c61\u89c1\u4e0d\u9c9c\uff0c \u8fd9\u662f\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u7684\u53c8\u4e00\u79cd\u504f\u79bb\u3002\u5176\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e00\u822c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u6743\u529b\u83b7\u53d6\u76f4\u63a5\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u5982\u591a\u5360\u679c\u5b9e\u3001\u591a\u5206\u5730\u3001\u5206\u597d\u5730\u3001\u5f3a\u8feb\u6751\u6c11\u66ff\u81ea\u5df1\u5e72\u6d3b\u7b49\u3002\u67ef\u9c81\u514b\u63d0\u5230\uff0c \u5341\u91cc\u5e97\u7684\u6751\u5e72\u90e8\u5728\u6597\u4e89\u4e2d\u5927\u591a\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u989d\u5916\u7684\u597d\u5730\u6216\u8fd1\u5730[21].\u5357\u6d9d\u90fd\u6751\u6751\u957f\u7684\u571f\u5730\u5168\u7531\u7fa4\u4f17\u4ee3\u8015\uff0c\u201c\u4e2a\u4eba\u6e38\u624b\u597d\u95f2\uff0c\u6458\u8c46\u89d2\u90fd\u6d3e\u4eba\u201d\uff0c \u59bb\u5b50\u751f\u5c0f\u5b69\u65f6\u53ec\u96c6\u4e8620 \u591a\u4e2a\u9752\u5987\u961f\u5458\u6765\u201c\u4f3a\u5019\u201d[22].\u957f\u6c99\u94fa\u590d\u67e5\u65f6\uff0c\u526f\u652f\u4e66\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u3001\u59b9\u59b9\u3001\u59bb\u5b50\u548c\u672c\u4eba\u5404\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u679c\u5b9e\uff0c \u5ba3\u4f20\u59d4\u5458\u5206\u5230\u7684\u679c\u5b9e\u4e5f\u8d85\u51fa\u65c1\u4eba\u8bb8\u591a\uff0c\u6751\u6c11\u6df1\u8868\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c \u79f0\u201c\u53cd\u4e86\u597d\u51e0\u5e74\u6076\u9738\uff0c \u628a\u957f\u6c99\u94fa\u8857\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f7\u6076\u9738\u7559\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\u201d[23].\u5434\u5bb6\u78e8\u6751\u89c4\u5b9a\u975e\u519c\u4f1a\u4f1a\u5458\u4e0d\u80fd\u5206\u914d\u679c\u5b9e\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u6751\u5e72\u6545\u610f\u5728\u5206\u679c\u5b9e\u524d\u5f00\u9664\u4f1a\u5458\uff0c \u5206\u5b8c\u4e4b\u540e\u518d\u6269\u5927\u4f1a\u5458[24].\u5317\u5173\u6751\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u5e72\u90e8\u5bb6\u6b7b\u4eba\u6751\u6c11\u8981\u9001\u793c\u7684\u98ce\u6c14[25].\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76f4\u63a5\u8c0b\u5229\u4e4b\u4e3e\uff0c\u5728\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u9010\u5229\u60c5\u5f62\u4e2d\u6700\u4e3a\u666e\u904d\uff0c \u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ed6\u4eec\u5931\u53bb\u7cbe\u82f1\u8eab\u4efd\u751a\u81f3\u6ca6\u4e3a\u6597\u4e89\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u539f\u56e0[26].<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>\u5229\u7528\u6743\u529b\u9003\u907f\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c \u5982\u5f81\u5175\u3001\u5f81\u7cae\u3001\u652f\u524d\u3001\u4ee3\u8015\u7b49\u3002\u4e00\u4efd\u571f\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u987a\u53e3\u6e9c\uff1a\u201c\u989d\u5916\u52df\u96c6\u5e72\u90e8\u4e0d\u51fa\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u644a\u6d3e\u957f\u671f\u62d6\u6b20\uff0c \u7fa4\u4f17\u5230\u671f\u4e0d\u7ed9\u4e0d\u884c\u201d\uff0c \u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u7fa4\u4f17\u5bf9\u5e72\u90e8\u9003\u907f\u8d4b\u7a0e\u8d1f\u62c5\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u6751\u5e84\u5f81\u5175\u4e5f\u662f\u7531\u201c\u652f\u90e8\u51e0\u4e2a\u4eba\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c \u53eb\u8c01\u53bb\u8c01\u53bb\uff0c \u515a\u5458\u5e72\u90e8\u5bb6\u91cc\u4eba\u591a\u4e0d\u53bb\u201d\u3002\u961c\u5e73\u738b\u5e84\u7684\u7fa4\u4f17\u56e2\u4f53\u5c0f\u7ec4\u957f\u3001\u653f\u6743\u4ee3\u8868\u3001\u6b66\u59d4\u4f1a\u73ed\u957f\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5e72\u90e8\u4e00\u5f8b\u4e0d\u51fa\u6218\u52e4\u3002\u66f2\u9633\u6587\u5fb7\u6751\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6751\u5e72\u90e8\uff0c\u8fde\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c0f\u961f\u7684\u6c11\u5175\u4e5f\u4e0d\u51fa\u6218\u52e4[27].\u5bab\u5bb6\u5e84\u51fa\u4f15\u662f\u201c\u97ad\u6253\u5feb\u725b\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u8001\u5b9e\u4eba\u201d\u51fa\u4e94\u516d\u8d9f\uff0c \u5e72\u90e8\u4eb2\u5c5e\u53ea\u51fa\u4e00\u8d9f\uff0c\u5e72\u90e8\u4e0d\u51fa[28].<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>\u5229\u7528\u6743\u529b\u4fdd\u62a4\u81ea\u8eab\u5b89\u5168\uff0c \u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u201c\u5212\u9636\u7ea7\u201d\u548c\u5f00\u5c55\u6597\u4e89\u65f6\uff0c\u501f\u52a9\u6751\u5e72\u90e8\u8eab\u4efd\u964d\u4f4e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9636\u7ea7\u6210\u5206\u3002\u6e2f\u91cc\u6751\u5728\u9636\u7ea7\u5212\u5206\u4e2d\uff0c \u515a\u5458\u6210\u5206\u666e\u904d\u5212\u5f97\u504f\u4f4e\uff0c \u5982\u515a\u5458\u5218\u660e\u57fa\u3001\u59dc\u5409\u4e15\u5728\u89e3\u653e\u524d\u51e0\u5e74\u65e9\u5df2\u4e0a\u5347\u4e3a\u4e2d\u519c\uff0c \u5212\u6210\u5206\u65f6\u90fd\u5b9a\u4e3a\u8d2b\u519c\uff1b \u53e6\u4e00\u515a\u5458\u6559\u5e08\u51fa\u79df\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u201c\u5265\u524a\u5206\u91cf\u8d85\u8fc725%\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u201d\uff0c \u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5bcc\u519c[29].\u957f\u6c99\u94fa\u5c1a\u4e30\u4e3e\u66fe\u662f\u5bcc\u519c\u3001\u6076\u9738\uff0c \u4f46\u56e0\u590d\u67e5\u65f6\u4efb\u652f\u90e8\u5ba3\u4f20\u59d4\u5458\u800c\u672a\u53d7\u51b2\u51fb[30].\u5229\u7528\u6743\u529b\u4e3a\u4eb2\u53cb\u8c0b\u5229\uff0c \u5982\u591a\u5206\u679c\u5b9e\u3001\u5c11\u5f81\u7cae\u6b3e\u3001\u514d\u53d7\u6597\u4e89\u7b49\u3002\u53d6\u6c34\u5d16\u6751\u6751\u5e72\u738b\u4eac\u82e5\u5728\u590d\u67e5\u4e2d\u201c\u5305\u5e87\u4e0e\u4ed6\u597d\u7684\u7fa4\u4f17\u201d\uff0c \u544a\u8bc9\u6597\u4e89\u5bf9\u8c61\u8bf4\u201c\u4e0d\u7528\u6015\uff0c\u6709\u6211\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u4e0d\u6562\u52a8\u7740\u4f60\u201d[31].\u674e\u7267\u5e84\u738b\u6210\u656c\u56e0\u5f53\u8fc7\u4fdd\u957f\u800c\u5728\u590d\u67e5\u4e2d\u88ab\u6597\uff0c \u4f46\u56e0\u201c\u5e72\u90e8\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4e0d\u9519\u201d\uff0c \u5728\u88ab\u6597\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86\u8d2b\u519c\u56e2[32].\u9648\u80dc\u6751\u652f\u90e8\u5ba3\u4f20\u59d4\u5458\u59dc\u4f5c\u6c11\u56e0\u5176\u5927\u7239\u51fa\u79df\u571f\u5730\uff0c \u800c\u5bf9\u51cf\u79df\u3001\u51cf\u606f\u3001\u589e\u8d44\u8fd0\u52a8\u767e\u822c\u963b\u6320\uff0c\u201c\u5bf9\u4f43\u6237\u8bb2\u4f60\u4eec\u5982\u679c\u51cf\u7684\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u5730\u4e3b\u628a\u5730\u62bd\u56de\u53bb\u600e\u4e48\u529e\uff0c\u5bf9\u5de5\u4eba\u8bb2\u589e\u8d44\u591a\u4e86\u4f60\u4eec\u4e5f\u5f97\u7ed9\u96c7\u4e3b\u6253\u7b97\u4e00\u4e0b\u201d\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u533a\u5e72\u90e8\u8fdb\u6751\u9886\u5bfc\u51cf\u79df\u540e\uff0c \u4ed6\u8fd8\u628a\u516d\u5e74\u79df\u7ea6\u6539\u4e3a\u4e09\u5e74\uff0c \u5e76\u5a01\u80c1\u4f43\u6237\uff0c \u9020\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u660e\u51cf\u6697\u4e0d\u51cf\u201d\u7684\u5c40\u9762[33].<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>\u5229\u7528\u6743\u529b\u4e3a\u57fa\u5c42\u7cbe\u82f1\u7fa4\u4f53\u8c0b\u5229\u3002\u515a\u5185\u6587\u4ef6\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u5c06\u8150\u5316\u89c6\u4e3a\u5e72\u90e8\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u5730\u65b9\uff0c \u65b0\u5e72\u90e8\u4e0a\u53f0\u4e0d\u4e45\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5229\u76ca\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c \u4e3a\u8c0b\u6c42\u5171\u540c\u5229\u76ca\u800c\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u548c\u8a00\u884c\u3002\u5728\u5f20\u5e84\u5206\u914d\u6597\u4e89\u679c\u5b9e\u65f6\uff0c \u6751\u5e72\u90e8\u548c\u6c11\u5175\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u5206\u5230\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6743\u529b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u519c\u4f1a\u548c\u6c11\u5175\u961f\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u989d\u5916\u7684\u597d\u5904\u3002\u519c\u4f1a\u4ece\u6a0a\u5bb6\u5730\u4e3b\u624b\u4e2d\u63a5\u7ba1\u4e86\u5927\u8f66\u5e97\uff0c \u5e76\u628a\u6ca1\u6536\u6765\u7684\u51e0\u767e\u65a4\u7cae\u98df\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u8425\u8d44\u91d1\uff1b \u6c11\u5175\u961f\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6c49\u5978\u738b\u5c11\u5357\u7684\u5341\u4ea9\u9ea6\u5730\uff0c \u4ed6\u4eec\u7528\u6253\u4e0b\u7684\u9ea6\u5b50\u548c\u5206\u5230\u7684\u8c37\u5b50\u5f00\u4e86\u4e00\u5bb6\u5c0f\u5e97\u94fa\u3002\u5c0f\u5e97\u94fa\u5f88\u5feb\u6210\u4e3a\u6c11\u5175\u7684\u201c\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u201d\uff0c\u5927\u8f66\u5e97\u4e5f\u6210\u4e86\u5e72\u90e8\u4eec\u7684\u805a\u4f1a\u5730\u70b9\uff0c \u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u201c\u5f00\u4f1a\u3001\u7b97\u5e10\u3001\u89e3\u95f7\u3001\u5403\u767d\u98df\u201d[34].\u5c06\u6ca1\u6536\u7684\u571f\u5730\u3001\u8d22\u7269\u5f53\u4f5c\u529e\u516c\u7ecf\u8d39\uff0c\u7531\u6240\u6709\u5e72\u90e8\u5171\u540c\u4eab\u7528\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c \u5728\u5404\u5730\u571f\u6539\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u666e\u904d\u3002\u5317\u5cb3\u4e09\u5730\u59d4\u62a5\u544a\uff0c \u8be5\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u793e\u5927\u591a\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u6751\u5e72\u8d2a\u6c61\u81ea\u80a5\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201d[35].\u592a\u884c\u533a\u515a\u59d4\u63d0\u5230\u6751\u5e72\u90e8\u4ee5\u201c\u516c\u5171\u751f\u4ea7\u57fa\u91d1\u201d\u3001\u201c\u519c\u4f1a\u529e\u516c\u8d39\u201d\u3001\u201c\u6c11\u5175\u5f39\u836f\u8d39\u201d\u7b49\u540d\u4e49\u6263\u7559\u516c\u5171\u679c\u5b9e[36].\u6e24\u6d77\u533a\u62a5\u544a\u63d0\u5230\uff0c \u4e00\u4e9b\u6751\u5e84\u5206\u914d\u679c\u5b9e\u91c7\u53d6\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u5206\u7ea2\u5236\u201d\uff0c \u7fa4\u4f17\u5f97\u516b\u6210\uff0c \u519c\u4f1a\u5f97\u4e8c\u6210\uff0c \u519c\u4f1a\u6240\u5f97\u201c\u5b9e\u4e3a\u6751\u5e72\u638c\u63e1\u201d[37].\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u9010\u5229\u884c\u4e3a\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u6781\u7aef\uff0c \u5c31\u4f1a\u5c06\u8d1f\u8f7d\u4e61\u6751\u6cbb\u7406\u4e4b\u6743\u8d23\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\u8eab\u4efd\u5f02\u5316\u4e3a\u81ea\u8eab\u6743\u529b\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5317\u667a\u6751\u526f\u652f\u4e66\u201c\u5b98\u50da\u538b\u5236\u7fa4\u4f17\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u201c\u7fa4\u4f17\u5728\u8def\u4e0a\u9047\u89c1\u719f\u4eba\u65f6\u4e0d\u6562\u548c\u4ed6\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff0c \u82e5\u548c\u5bcc\u519c\u8bf4\u53e5\u8bdd\uff0c \u4ed6\u5c31\u7ed9\u6263\u4e0a\u52fe\u7ed3\u4e0a\u5c42\u7684\u5e3d\u5b50\u201d[38].\u738b\u8f9b\u5e97\u652f\u4e66\u548c\u6751\u957f\u6b3a\u538b\u7fa4\u4f17\u3001\u7537\u5973\u5173\u7cfb\u6df7\u4e71\uff0c\u6751\u516c\u6240\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u960e\u738b\u5e97\u201d[39].\u9ad8\u660c\u5e97\u5728\u571f\u6539\u590d\u67e5\u4e2d\u6253\u6b7b\u4e86\u4e00\u540d\u4e2d\u5b66\u751f\uff0c \u56e0\u4e3a\u638c\u63e1\u652f\u90e8\u7684\u9ad8\u7fe0\u5c4f\u201c\u4f4f\u7740\u4ed6\u7684\u623f\u5b50\uff0c \u6253\u6b7b\u4ed6\u5c31\u53ef\u5e38\u4f4f\u4e0b\u53bb\u201d\u3002\u71d5\u8d75\u6751\u6751\u957f\u7ecf\u5e38\u5230\u6751\u6c11\u5bb6\u4e2d\u7761\u89c9\uff0c\u8ba9\u7537\u4eba\u8eb2\u5f00\u3002\u6768\u5e84\u6cbb\u5b89\u5458\u5ba3\u5e03\u201c\u4e3a\u9632\u6b62\u654c\u4eba\u7834\u574f\u5206\u5230\u5404\u5bb6\u7761\u89c9\u201d\uff0c \u501f\u673a\u5f3a\u5978\u5987\u5973[40].\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c \u7531\u515a\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u6388\u6743\u7684\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0e\u6e05\u672b\u6c11\u521d\u793e\u4f1a\u5931\u8303\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u7684\u571f\u8c6a\u52a3\u7ec5\u522b\u65e0\u4e8c\u81f4\u3002\u9ad8\u660c\u5e97\u6751\u957f\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u571f\u52a3\u4e5f\u6b3a\u8d1f\u4e0d\u5230\u5228\u571f\u6e23\u5b50\u7684\uff0c \u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4e00\u515a\u4e13\u653f\uff0c \u8fde\u534a\u515a\u4e13\u653f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u591f\uff0c \u73b0\u5728\u54b1\u4eec\u5168\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d77\u6765\u4e86\uff0c \u8c01\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u538b\u8feb\u3002\u201d\u800c\u8fd9\u8bdd\u5c45\u7136\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5730\u59d4\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef[41].\u57fa\u5c42\u5e72\u90e8\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u7fa4\u4f17\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u8c0b\u6c42\u79c1\u5229\uff0c \u6240\u6043\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u81ea\u7136\u662f\u5176\u7cbe\u82f1\u8eab\u4efd\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\uff0c \u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d44\u672c\u53c8\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u66f4\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6709\u5229\u6761\u4ef6\u800c\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u5bf9\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u9886\u5bfc\u6743\u5916\uff0c\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u81f3\u5c11\u8fd8\u5177\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u4f18\u52bf\uff1a \u4e00\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u4e0a\u7ea7\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u57fa\u5c42\u7cbe\u82f1\u4e00\u822c\u6bd4\u666e\u901a\u6751\u6c11\u66f4\u65e9\u3001\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u4e0a\u7ea7\u653f\u7b56\u53ca\u5176\u53d8\u52a8\uff0c \u8fd9\u81ea\u7136\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u79c1\u4eba\u9886\u57df\u4f5c\u51fa\u884c\u4e3a\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u5904\u4e8e\u66f4\u6709\u5229\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u9ec4\u6751\u652f\u59d4\u5728\u571f\u6539\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u53c2\u52a0\u5206\u533a\u8bad\u7ec3\u73ed\uff0c \u56de\u6751\u540e\u5373\u8ba9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4eb2\u5c5e\u8d76\u5feb\u5356\u5730\uff0c\u201c\u5356\u4e86\u94b1\u7b49\u7740\u518d\u4e70\u8d31\u7684\uff0c \u6216\u8005\u662f\u4e0d\u4e70\u7b49\u7740\u5206\u70b9\u201d[42].\u4e8c\u662f\u5bf9\u7fa4\u4f17\u8fd0\u52a8\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u638c\u63e1\u548c\u5229\u7528\u3002\u53c2\u52a0\u548c\u9886\u5bfc\u7fa4\u4f17\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u654f\u611f\u5ea6\uff0c \u5f80\u5f80\u80fd\u8f83\u65e9\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u81ea\u5df1\u4f5c\u51fa\u66f4\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5f62\u52bf\u5224\u65ad\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4efb\u5bb6\u5e84\u7684\u6751\u5e72\u901a\u8fc7\u5e26\u5934\u732e\u7530\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c \u5728\u4e0a\u7ea7\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u961f\u773c\u4e2d\u6811\u7acb\u4e86\u826f\u597d\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c \u4ece\u800c\u5728\u5206\u914d\u6597\u4e89\u679c\u5b9e\u65f6\u540d\u6b63\u8a00\u987a\u5730\u83b7\u53d6\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff08 \u732e\u8fdc\u5730\u3001\u5206\u8fd1\u5730\uff09 [43].\u4e09\u662f\u5bf9\u9769\u547d\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u638c\u63e1\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u662f\u4e61\u6751\u793e\u533a\u4e2d\u5bf9\u515a\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u8bdd\u8bed\u7406\u89e3\u6700\u6df1\u523b\u4e5f\u6700\u6709\u53d1\u8a00\u6743\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u53ef\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u5229\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u6765\u62a5\u590d\u6216\u8981\u631f\u4ed6\u4eba\u4ee5\u8c0b\u6c42\u79c1\u5229\u3002\u738b\u8f9b\u5e97\u6751\u7684\u652f\u4e66\u201c\u5f3a\u5360\u522b\u4eba\u4e4b\u59bb\uff0c \u522b\u4eba\u4e0d\u884c\u65f6\uff0c \u5219\u8bf4\u4e3a\u4e09\u9752\u201d[44].\u9ad8\u660c\u5e97\u6751\u7684\u5e72\u90e8\u79f0\u201c\u4e8b\u53d8\u524d\u505a\u8fc7\u4e8b\u7684\uff0c\u4e0a\u8fc7\u4e2d\u5b66\u7684\uff0c \u5230\u5916\u8fb9\u8dd1\u4e70\u5356\u7684\uff0c \u90fd\u662f\u7279\u52a1\u201d\uff0c \u81f4\u4f7f\u5168\u675170 \u6237\u4eba\u5bb6\u4e2d\u7adf\u670931 \u4eba\u5728\u590d\u67e5\u4e2d\u88ab\u5ba3\u5e03\u4e3a\u7279\u52a1\uff0c \u5176\u4e2d\u201c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u5f97\u7f6a\u8fc7\u5e72\u90e8\u3001\u4e0d\u6ee1\u610f\u6751\u91cc\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4eba\u201d[45].<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5730\u4f4d\u6765\u81ea\u515a\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6388\u6743\uff0c\u5374\u5e76\u672a\u5728\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u4e0a\u771f\u6b63\u8ba4\u540c\u4e8e\u540e\u8005\uff0c \u4e00\u65e6\u758f\u4e8e\u76d1\u7763\u9632\u8303\uff0c \u64c5\u6743\u73b0\u8c61\u5c31\u5f88\u96be\u907f\u514d\u3002\u515a\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u4e61\u6751\u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u515a\u653f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u9636\u7ea7\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u7fa4\u4f17\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c \u672c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6c11\u4f17\u52a8\u5458\u548c\u4e61\u6751\u6cbb\u7406\u4e4b\u4fbf\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u7ea6\u675f\u673a\u5236\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5374\u6070\u6070\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e13\u6743\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd[46].\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u9010\u5229\u4e4b\u4e3e\uff0c \u65e2\u4f7f\u672c\u5c31\u77ed\u7f3a\u7684\u4e61\u6751\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u6e90\u66f4\u52a0\u4e0d\u6577\u5206\u914d\uff0c \u4e5f\u56e0\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u800c\u635f\u5bb3\u4e86\u515a\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u6c11\u4f17\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7684\u5f62\u8c61[47].\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u57fa\u5c42\u7cbe\u82f1\u81ea\u8eab\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c \u6700\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u540e\u679c\u5219\u662f\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u4e0a\u5c42\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c \u6210\u4e3a\u571f\u6539\u671f\u95f4\u53d1\u52a8\u6574\u515a\u6574\u5e72\u3001\u201c\u6d17\u8138\u64e6\u9ed1\u201d\u7b49\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u8bf1\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1b\u5728\u571f\u6539\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u201c\u65b0\u6743\u8d35\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0e\u201c\u65b0\u5bcc\u519c\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u4e00\u9053\uff0c \u6210\u4e3a\u515a\u4e2d\u592e\u51b3\u5fc3\u5c3d\u5feb\u8f6c\u5165\u96c6\u4f53\u5316\u8f68\u9053\u7684\u8003\u8651\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>\u4e09\u3001\u6743\u8d23\u5206\u79bb\u4e0e\u57fa\u5c42\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u53bb\u653f\u6cbb\u5316<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\uff0c \u4f1a\u4f7f\u8bfb\u8005\u8054\u60f3\u5230\u675c\u8d5e\u5947\u7b14\u4e0b\u7684\u201c\u7ecf\u7eaa\u4eba\u201d\u5f62\u8c61\u3002\u7684\u786e\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u793e\u533a\u5229\u76ca\u800c\u6297\u8861\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c \u9887\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u4ed6\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u4fdd\u62a4\u578b\u7ecf\u7eaa\u201d\uff1b \u5229\u7528\u804c\u6743\u8ffd\u9010\u79c1\u5229\uff0c \u5219\u4e0e\u201c\u8d62\u5229\u6027\u7ecf\u7eaa\u201d\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u6ca1\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e24\u6837\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c \u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u665a\u6e05\u6c11\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4e61\u6751\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u5f97\u5fc3\u5e94\u624b\u5730\u626e\u6f14\u201c\u7ecf\u7eaa\u201d\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u4e61\u6751\u793e\u4f1a\u5904\u4e8e\u5206\u79bb\u72b6\u6001\uff0c \u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u4e8c\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ea4\u6d41\u6c9f\u901a\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6865\u6881\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4ece\u571f\u6539\u65f6\u671f\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c \u515a\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5df2\u5728\u5e38\u89c4\u884c\u653f\u6e20\u9053\u4e4b\u5916\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u578b\u7684\u4e61\u6751\u6cbb\u7406\u9014\u5f84\uff0c \u5373\u4ee5\u7fa4\u4f17\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5bf9\u5e7f\u5927\u4e61\u6751\u6c11\u4f17\u5b9e\u65bd\u653f\u6cbb\u52a8\u5458\uff0c \u4f7f\u4e4b\u6210\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u6700\u575a\u5b9e\u3001\u6700\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u652f\u6301\u529b\u91cf\uff0c \u4ece\u800c\uff0c \u57fa\u5c42\u7cbe\u82f1\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u548c\u5c45\u95f4\u8c03\u505c\u7684\u6709\u5229\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c \u53cd\u800c\u8981\u627f\u53d7\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u548c\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u538b\u529b[48].<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\uff0c \u571f\u6539\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u867d\u540c\u65f6\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u653f\u6cbb\u4eba\uff08 \u56fd\u5bb6\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u6267\u884c\u8005\uff09 \u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u4eba\uff08 \u793e\u533a\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\u8005\uff09 \u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4eba\uff08 \u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u8ffd\u9010\u8005\uff09 \u7684\u4e09\u91cd\u884c\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5374\u5f88\u96be\u5728\u4e09\u79cd\u89d2\u8272\u95f4\u8f6c\u6362\u81ea\u5982\uff0c \u53cd\u800c\u65f6\u5e38\u5728\u7fa4\u4f17\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u9677\u4e8e\u5de6\u53f3\u4e3a\u96be\u7684\u5c34\u5c2c\u5883\u5730\u3002\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u591a\u4e3a\u571f\u751f\u571f\u957f\u7684\u519c\u6c11\uff0c \u5176\u601d\u60f3\u89c2\u5ff5\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u7d20\u8d28\u672c\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u76f8\u53bb\u751a\u8fdc\uff0c\u52a0\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7ea7\u653f\u7b56\u5e38\u5e38\u8131\u79bb\u5b9e\u9645\u3001\u53d8\u5316\u4e0d\u5b9a\uff0c \u57fa\u5c42\u5e72\u90e8\u5e38\u201c\u611f\u5230\u5bf9\u4e0a\u8d1f\u8d23\u548c\u5bf9\u7fa4\u4f17\u8d1f\u8d23\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u201d[49].\u5728\u515a\u7684\u7fa4\u4f17\u8def\u7ebf\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u57fa\u5c42\u5e72\u90e8\u52a8\u8f84\u4f1a\u80cc\u4e0a\u201c\u5f3a\u8feb\u547d\u4ee4\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4f5c\u98ce\u4e0d\u7eaf\u201d\u751a\u81f3\u201c\u8d2a\u6c61\u8150\u5316\u201d\u7b49\u7f6a\u540d\uff0c \u519c\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f17\u5219\u62e5\u6709\u4e0a\u7ea7\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u5bf9\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u5b9e\u65bd\u76d1\u7763\u4e4b\u6743\u3002\u8fd9\u65e0\u7591\u4f1a\u5bf9\u57fa\u5c42\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u9009\u62e9\u4ea7\u751f\u5de8\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5176\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5f97\u7f6a\u4eba\u4e3a\u57fa\u672c\u51c6\u5219\uff0c \u800c\u4e0d\u4ee5\u5de5\u4f5c\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u5b8c\u6210\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\uff0c \u4ece\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u57fa\u5c42\u7cbe\u82f1\u201c\u53bb\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u201d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u73af\u5883[50].<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>\u5728\u4e0a\u7ea7\u548c\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u538b\u529b\u4e0b\uff0c \u57fa\u5c42\u5e72\u90e8\u666e\u904d\u201c\u611f\u5230\u5de5\u4f5c\u96be\u5e72\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u7fa4\u4f17\u9762\u524d\u201c\u52a8\u6001\u5ea6\u4e0d\u884c\uff0c \u4e0d\u52a8\u6001\u5ea6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u884c\u201d\uff0c \u62b1\u6028\u201c\u5de5\u4f5c\u79ef\u6781\u5f53\u4e0d\u4e86\u64a4\u804c\uff0c \u5de5\u4f5c\u80fd\u5e72\u5f53\u4e0d\u4e86\u96be\u770b\u201d\u3002\u5e72\u90e8\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f8\u4e92\u63a8\u8bff\uff0c \u57cb\u6028\u201c\u5f97\u7f6a\u4eba\u7684\u4e8b\u4f60\u4eec\u90fd\u53eb\u6211\u5e72\u201d[51].\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u5f53\u515a\u5458\u5403\u4e8f\u4e0d\u5408\u7b97\uff0c \u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\u90fd\u5f97\u5e26\u5934\u5e72\u201d\uff0c \u5e0c\u671b\u201c\u6b47\u4e00\u6b47\u201d\uff0c\u8bf4\u201c\u54b1\u5e72\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e74\uff0c \u597d\u53eb\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e72\u5e72\u4e86\u201d[52].\u8fd8\u6709\u4eba\u62b1\u6028\u201c\u533a\u957f\u53bf\u957f\u4e0b\u6765\u542c\u8d2b\u96c7\u7684\uff0c \u8d2b\u96c7\u8bf4\u4e00\u4e0d\u4e8c\uff0c \u628a\u6751\u5e72\u6254\u5230\u4e00\u8fb9\u4e86\u201d[53].\u4ed3\u4e0a\u6751\u571f\u6539\u590d\u67e5\u65f6\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u961f\u8981\u6c42\u6751\u5e72\u90e8\u5411\u519c\u4f1a\u3001\u8d2b\u519c\u56e2\u201c\u63d2\u6839\u4ea4\u6743\u201d\uff0c \u81f4\u4f7f\u6751\u5e72\u60c5\u7eea\u4f4e\u843d\uff0c \u4e0d\u6562\u5f97\u7f6a\u4eba\uff0c \u4e0d\u6562\u591a\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff0c \u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u591a\u8bf4\u8bdd\u591a\u5f97\u7f6a\u4eba\uff0c \u53eb\u7fa4\u4f17\u53cd\u6620\u5230\u4e0a\u7ea7\u4e86\uff0c \u6015\u88ab\u6362\u6328\u6279\uff0c\u6015\u53eb\u7fa4\u4f17\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5728\u601d\u60f3\u4e0a\u6015\u803d\u8bef\u5de5\u592b\uff0c \u8d39\u529b\u4e0d\u8ba8\u597d\uff0c \u4e0d\u5982\u5c31\u7740\u73b0\u5728\u4e8b\u5c11\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c \u5f53\u5e72\u90e8\u7684\u4e0b\u573a\u65e9\u665a\u6ca1\u597d\u7684\u201d[54].\u7fa4\u4f17\u8fd0\u52a8\u63a5\u8fde\u4e0d\u65ad\uff0c\u4e0a\u7ea7\u653f\u7b56\u53d8\u52a8\u4e0d\u5b9a\uff0c \u5e38\u4f7f\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u96be\u4ee5\u63e3\u6d4b\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u52a8\u5411\uff0c \u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u77e5\u6240\u63aa\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>\u4e00\u4efd\u571f\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff0c \u8bb8\u591a\u6751\u5e72\u90e8\u201c\u6015\u72af\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6597\u4e89\u51e0\u5929\u5c31\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e86\uff0c \u53cd\u6b63\u571f\u6539\u662f\u653f\u7b56\u95ee\u9898\uff0c \u522b\u5f04\u9519\u4e86\uff0c \u6162\u6162\u6765\u5427\uff01 \u201d\u7fa4\u4f17\u5219\u7ecf\u5e38\u62b1\u6028\u201c\u653f\u7b56\u5c31\u662f\u9650\u5236\u4e0d\u6562\u52a8\u201d[55].\u6751\u5e72\u548c\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u653f\u7b56\u53ca\u5176\u53d8\u52a8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u57fa\u5c42\u7cbe\u82f1\u548c\u666e\u901a\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u5473\uff0c \u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u7fa4\u4f17\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5904\u5883\u3002\u7fa4\u4f17\u5acc\u653f\u7b56\u675f\u624b\u675f\u811a\uff0c \u56e0\u4e3a\u6597\u4e89\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e26\u6765\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u597d\u5904\uff0c \u800c\u81ea\u5df1\u53c8\u4e0d\u5fc5\u5bf9\u6597\u4e89\u4e2d\u7684\u504f\u5dee\u627f\u62c5\u8d23\u4efb\uff1b\u6751\u5e72\u90e8\u79f0\u201c\u571f\u6539\u662f\u653f\u7b56\u95ee\u9898\u201d\uff0c \u8868\u660e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4e2d\u5171\u571f\u5730\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u53d8\u52a8\u6027\u5f88\u5f3a\uff0c \u800c\u4e00\u65e6\u653f\u7b56\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c \u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u5f53\u8fd0\u52a8\u51fa\u73b0\u504f\u5dee\u6216\u653f\u7b56\u51fa\u73b0\u53cd\u590d\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0a\u7ea7\u4e00\u822c\u53ea\u662f\u201c\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u5206\u62c5\u8d23\u4efb\u201d\uff0c \u5404\u4e2a\u6751\u5e84\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u504f\u5dee\uff0c \u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u7531\u57fa\u5c42\u5e72\u90e8\u3001\u515a\u5458\u6765\u627f\u62c5\u8fc7\u5931\u5e76\u52a0\u4ee5\u7ea0\u6b63\uff0c \u8fd9\u5f80\u5f80\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5176\u5a01\u4fe1\u7684\u964d\u4f4e\u4e43\u81f3\u6743\u529b\u7684\u4e27\u5931\u3001\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u53d7\u635f[56].\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0a\u7ea7\u653f\u7b56\u8f6c\u53d8\u5bf9\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u51b2\u51fb\uff0c \u4e0d\u5c11\u6751\u5e72\u751a\u800c\u6709\u610f\u9690\u7792\u653f\u7b56\uff0c \u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u81ea\u8eab\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u5434\u5bb6\u78e8\u6751\u5e72\u90e8\u5373\u66fe\u8bd5\u56fe\u9690\u7792\u8865\u507f\u4e2d\u519c\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u653f\u7b56\u65e9\u5df2\u6cc4\u9732\uff0c \u81f4\u4f7f\u6751\u5e72\u7684\u5904\u5883\u66f4\u52a0\u88ab\u52a8[57].\u8392\u5357\u53bf\u5728\u7ed3\u675f\u571f\u6539\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u7ea0\u504f\u201d\u65f6\uff0c \u7ea6\u6709\u4e00\u534a\u6751\u5e84\u7684\u5e72\u90e8\u5bb3\u6015\u88ab\u201c\u9519\u590d\u67e5\u201d\u7684\u4e2d\u519c\u201c\u8d77\u6765\u8981\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u5e72\u90e8\u201d\uff0c \u5bb3\u6015\u8d1f\u8d23\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u201c\u4e0d\u6562\u8bf4\u4e2d\u519c\u590d\u67e5\u9519\u4e86\u201d\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e72\u90e8\u5219\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u6015\u9ebb\u70e6\u201d\u3001\u201c\u6015\u641e\u4e71\u4e86\u201d\u800c\u4e0d\u613f\u6267\u884c\u653f\u7b56[58].\u84ec\u83b1\u53bf\u59d4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u90e8\u66fe\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6751\u652f\u90e8\u548c\u515a\u5458\u4eec\u5728\u7fa4\u4f17\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u987e\u8651\uff1a\u201c \u6015\u6c11\u4e3b\u6574\u515a\u201d\uff0c\u201c \u6015\u63d0\u62d4\u8131\u79bb\u751f<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>\u4ea7\u201c\uff0c\u201d\u6015\u5f97\u7f6a\u7fa4\u4f17\u201c\uff0c\u201d\u6015\u53c2\u519b\u652f\u524d\u201c\uff0c\u6015\u201d\u59a8\u788d\u4e2a\u4eba\u5bb6\u5ead\u751f\u4ea7\u201c\uff0c \u6015\u201d\u5f71\u54cd\u5176\u751f\u6d3b\u53ca\u4e0e\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u201c[59].\u5404\u79cd\u79ef\u6781\u5206\u5b50\u3001\u519c\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u7b49\uff08 \u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\uff09 \u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff1a\u201d\u6015\u95f9\u9519\u4e86\uff0c \u6015\u4fb5\u72af\u4e2d\u519c\u5229\u76ca\uff0c \u6015\u7ea0\u504f\u201c\uff1a\u201d\u6015\u5f53\u4e86\u77f3\u5934\u201c\uff1a\u201d\u6015\u88ab\u6263\u201c\uff1a\u201d\u6015\u5305\u529e\uff0c\u6015\u4e0d\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c \u6015\u53d7\u7fa4\u4f17\u53cd\u6620\u201c\uff1a\u201d\u6015\u803d\u8bef\u5de5\u592b\u201c\uff1a\u201d\u6015\u5e72\u4e0d\u957f\uff0c \u6015\u5f97\u7f6a\u4eba\u201c\uff1a\u201d\u6015\u5e72\u90e8\u62a5\u590d\u201c\uff0c \u7b49\u7b49[60].\u663e\u7136\uff0c \u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7406\u6027\u519c\u6c11\u3001\u793e\u533a\u6210\u5458\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u8eab\u4efd\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u96be\u4ee5\u8c03\u548c\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u60c5\u5f62\u8868\u660e\uff0c \u5728\u7fa4\u4f17\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c \u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u4e0e\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u5236\u5ea6\u6027\u7684\u758f\u79bb\u3002\u515a\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u9700\u8981\u57fa\u5c42\u7cbe\u82f1\u4ee3\u884c\u6cbb\u7406\u4e61\u6751\u793e\u533a\u4e4b\u804c\u6743\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u4e61\u6751\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff1b \u5374\u53c8\u4e0d\u80fd\u7ed9\u4e88\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u8865\u507f\uff0c \u57fa\u5c42\u7cbe\u82f1\u5728\u5f97\u5230\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u5f80\u5f80\u8981\u4ee5\u727a\u7272\u81ea\u8eab\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5229\u76ca\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a \u4e00\u5219\u5404\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u8981\u5360\u7528\u5927\u91cf\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7cbe\u529b\uff0c \u65e0\u7591\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u751f\u4ea7\uff1b\u4e8c\u5219\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d44\u6e90\u6c72\u53d6\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u65f6\uff0c \u5e72\u90e8\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u8eab\u4f5c\u5219\uff1b \u4e09\u5219\u5982\u679c\u5de5\u4f5c\u51fa\u8272\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u63d0\u62d4\uff0c \u751a\u81f3\u4f1a\u56e0\u8131\u4ea7\u79bb\u5f00\u5bb6\u5ead\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u635f\u5931\u3002\u5728\u5404\u7ea7\u9886\u5bfc\u673a\u6784\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c \u5bf9\u6751\u7ea7\u548c\u6751\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u7ea7\u5e72\u90e8\u7684\u79f0\u547c\u4e5f\u6709\u7740\u660e\u786e\u533a\u5206\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u8bf4\u6765\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u5e72\u90e8\u201d\u90fd\u662f\u6307\u62e5\u6709\u6b63\u5f0f\u7f16\u5236\u7684\u5206\u533a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5e72\u90e8\uff0c \u800c\u6751\u5e84\u7cbe\u82f1\u5219\u660e\u786e\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6751\u5e72\u90e8\u201d\u3001\u201c\u6751\u5e72\u201d\u6216\u201c\u57fa\u5c42\u5e72\u90e8\u201d[61].\u8fd9\u79cd\u547d\u540d\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u5730\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u65e2\u5185\u5728\u4e8e\uff08 \u4ee5\u515a\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4efb\u547d\u4e3a\u6388\u6743\u6765\u6e90\uff0c \u4ee5\u8d2f\u5f7b\u56fd\u5bb6\u610f\u5fd7\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u804c\u8d23\uff09 \u53c8\u5916\u5728\u4e8e\uff08 \u65e0\u7f16\u5236\uff0c \u65e0\u85aa\u4ff8\uff0c \u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u6751\u5e84\u793e\u533a\u5185\u90e8\u6d3b\u52a8\uff09 \u56fd\u5bb6\u884c\u653f\u6743\u529b\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u8eab\u4efd\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>\u5728\u571f\u6539\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u518d\u5206\u914d\uff08\u201c\u5206\u679c\u5b9e\u201d\uff09 \u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c \u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c34\u5c2c\u5904\u5883\u4f53\u73b0\u5f97\u81f3\u4e3a\u660e\u663e\u3002\u5180\u4e1c\u533a\u515a\u59d4\u66fe\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u914d\u679c\u5b9e\u65f6\uff0c \u9886\u5bfc\u9aa8\u5e72\u4e00\u5b9a\u201c\u8981\u8d77\u6a21\u8303\u5e26\u5934\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c \u516c\u5e73\u5408\u7406\uff0c \u5b81\u53ef\u81ea\u5df1\u5c11\u5206\uff0c\u4f7f\u522b\u4eba\u591a\u6709\uff0c \u522b\u4eba\u5148\u5206\uff0c \u81ea\u5df1\u540e\u5206\uff0c \u5207\u5fcc\u8131\u79bb\u7fa4\u4f17\uff0c \u7ed9\u4eba\u7a7a\u9699\u53d7\u4eba\u653b\u51fb\u3001\u6311\u773c\u3001\u6311\u62e8\u79bb\u95f4\u7b49\u60c5\u4e8b\u53d1\u751f\u201d[62].\u7ed3\u675f\u571f\u6539\u671f\u95f4\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u571f\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u62bd\u8865\u8c03\u5242\uff0c\u652f\u90e8\u515a\u5458\u4e5f\u987b\u201c\u9996\u5148\u5e26\u5934\u201d\uff0c \u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u5e76\u53ef\u201c\u5728\u515a\u5185\u5c55\u5f00\u601d\u60f3\u6597\u4e89\u201d\u4f7f\u5176\u5c48\u670d[63].\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5229\u76ca\u5fc5\u987b\u8ba9\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7fa4\u4f17\u6ee1\u610f\u3001\u79e9\u5e8f\u7a33\u5b9a\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u56e2\u7ed3\u7b49\u515a\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u4e00\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u5bf9\u6751\u5e72\u90e8\u201c \u81ea\u52a8\u4e0d\u8981\u80dc\u5229\u679c\u5b9e\u6216\u5c11\u5206\u201d\u7684\u201c \u6a21\u8303\u4f5c\u7528\u201d\u52a0\u4ee5\u8868\u626c\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c \u53c8\u8bf4\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u6751\u5e72\u90e8\uff0c \u56e0\u516c\u5e9f\u79c1\uff0c \u5176\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5de5\u4f5c\u79ef\u6781\u800c\u5bb6\u5ead\u53c8\u8d2b\u5bd2\uff0c \u53ef\u5728\u5206\u914d\u65f6\u914c\u60c5\u7167\u987e\u3002\u201d[64]\u770b\u4f3c\u5bf9\u6751\u5e72\u90e8\u7ed9\u4e88\u7279\u6b8a\u5f85\u9047\uff0c\u5b9e\u5219\u66f4\u8db3\u4ee5\u89c1\u51fa\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u571f\u6539\u4e2d\u7684\u96be\u582a\u5904\u5883\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u515a\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u4e61\u6751\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\uff0c \u53ea\u80fd\u8bc9\u8bf8\u9636\u7ea7\u8bdd\u8bed\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u6fc0\u52b1\u6765\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u56fd\u6548\u529b\uff0c \u800c\u4ece\u7ecf\u6d4e\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c \u4ed6\u4eec\u975e\u4f46\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\u5176\u5408\u6cd5\u5e94\u5f97\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff08 \u679c\u5b9e\u7684\u5206\u914d\uff09 \u5374\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u4e0a\u7ea7\u548c\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u201c\u7167\u987e\u201d\u624d\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u3002\u8fd9\u751f\u52a8\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0e\u6743\u5229\u7684\u5931\u8861[65].\u4ece\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c \u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u53ea\u6709\u804c\u8d23\u3001\u4e49\u52a1\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u6743\u5229\uff0c \u5176\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u7684\u6743\u529b\u4e5f\u53d7\u5230\u8bf8\u591a\u9650\u5236\u5e76\u968f\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u5931\u53bb\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>\u9762\u5bf9\u5f20\u5e84\u90a3\u4e9b\u5177\u6709\u201c\u987d\u5f3a\u7684\u575a\u97e7\u6027\u201d\u7684\u6751\u5e72\u90e8\uff0c\u97e9\u4e01\u6ee1\u6000\u6fc0\u60c5\u5730\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f53\u5e72\u90e8\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\u7269\u8d28\u523a\u6fc0\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u6761\u9053\u8def\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u540d\u5229\u3002\u5168\u5fc3\u5168\u610f\u5730\u732e\u8eab\u4e8e\u7ffb\u8eab\u4e8b\u4e1a\uff0c \u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u3002\u201d[66]\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c \u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u57fa\u5c42\u5e72\u90e8\u7684\u786e\u662f\u4f9d\u9760\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3001\u70ed\u5ff1\u3001\u6fc0\u60c5\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c \u4f46\u5982\u679c\u975e\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u6216\u5c11\u6709\u7269\u8d28\u62a5\u916c\uff0c \u53cd\u8981\u56e0\u4e3a\u5e72\u90e8\u548c\u515a\u5458\u8eab\u4efd\u800c\u635f\u5bb3\u672c\u8eab\u5e94\u6709\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5f88\u96be\u8bbe\u60f3\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u957f\u671f\u6beb\u65e0\u6028\u8a00\u5730\u575a\u6301\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c \u57fa\u5c42\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5f80\u5f80\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u4e24\u79cd\u503e\u5411\uff0c \u4e00\u662f\u4ee5\u6743\u8c0b\u79c1\uff0c \u5c06\u7269\u8d28\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u635f\u5931\u52a0\u500d\u635e\u56de\u6765\uff1b \u4e8c\u662f\u53bb\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\uff0c\u201c\u8eba\u5012\u4e0d\u5e72\u201d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5f53\u201c\u597d\u597d\u5148\u751f\u201d\u3002\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5bf9\u5176\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u671f\u5f85\uff0c \u4e5f\u5c31\u96be\u514d\u51fa\u73b0\u201c\u8868\u8fbe\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u5b9e\u8df5\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u80cc\u79bb\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u57fa\u5c42\u7cbe\u82f1\u6743\u5229\u4e0e\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u5931\u8861\uff0c \u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u57fa\u5c42\u7cbe\u82f1\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u504f\u79bb\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u770b\u4f3c\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u9887\u6709\u5185\u5728\u5173\u8054\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>\u7ed3\u8bed<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>\u7531\u4e8e\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u4e0e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793e\u533a\u5f53\u5bb6\u4eba\u548c\u79c1\u5229\u8ffd\u9010\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u7279\u5f81\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u660e\u663e\u7684\u5f20\u529b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e38\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u8fdb\u884c\u7740\u535a\u5f08\u3002\u57fa\u5c42\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u6743\u529b\u867d\u7531\u56fd\u5bb6\u6388\u6743\u800c\u6765\uff0c \u4f46\u51ed\u501f\u5176\u5c45\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u4e61\u6751\u793e\u4f1a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c \u4ed6\u4eec\u672c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u501f\u52a9\u201c\u5730\u65b9\u6027\u77e5\u8bc6\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5f31\u8005\u7684\u6b66\u5668\u201d\uff0c \u5728\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u535a\u5f08\u4e2d\u201c\u4ee5\u67d4\u514b\u521a\u201d\uff0c\u4e89\u53d6\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u66f4\u52a0\u6709\u5229\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c \u4e61\u6751\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u4ecb\u5165\u5f7b\u5e95\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u535a\u5f08\u4e2d\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u5e7f\u5927\u519c\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f17\u5728\u201c\u6743\u529b\u5e7b\u89c9\u201d\u7684\u9a71\u4f7f\u4e0b\u6210\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5f97\u529b\u52a9\u624b[67]\uff0c \u57fa\u5c42\u7cbe\u82f1\u5219\u8179\u80cc\u53d7\u654c\u3001\u5904\u5883\u8270\u96be\uff0c \u539f\u672c\u5404\u6709\u4f18\u52bf\u7684\u535a\u5f08\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u53cc\u65b9\u529b\u91cf\u6781\u4e0d\u5bf9\u7b49\u7684\u535a\u5f08\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>\u4ece\u571f\u6539\u671f\u95f4\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u5904\u5883\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u50cf\u540e\u6765\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u5bb6\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u6210\u529f\u5730\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u56fd\u5bb6\u201c\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u201d\u548c\u6751\u5e84\u201c\u5f53\u5bb6\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5728\u88ab\u7eb3\u5165\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c \u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u56e0\u4e3a\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u6743\u8d23\u5206\u79bb\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5f62\u52bf\u7684\u53d8\u5e7b\u83ab\u6d4b\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u7531\u4e8e\u81ea\u8eab\u6cbb\u7406\u4e0e\u88ab\u6cbb\u7406\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u6b20\u7f3a\uff0c \u4ed6\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u5728\u4e0a\u7ea7\u4e0e\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u5939\u7f1d\u4e2d\u8270\u96be\u5ea6\u65e5\u3002\u5728\u4ee5\u63a5\u8fde\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u7fa4\u4f17\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e3a\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u4e61\u6751\u6cbb\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c \u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u53c8\u603b\u662f\u524d\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e4b\u504f\u5dee\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5f52\u7f6a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u968f\u65f6\u9762\u4e34\u5931\u53bb\u6743\u529b\u751a\u81f3\u8d22\u4ea7\u548c\u4eba\u8eab\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c \u4ee5\u6743\u8c0b\u79c1\u3001\u201c\u53bb\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u201d\u7b49\u79bb\u5fc3\u503e\u5411\u5c31\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u4ece\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u770b\uff0c \u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u6297\u8861\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u5176\u793e\u4f1a\u4eba\uff08\u201c\u4fdd\u62a4\u578b\u7ecf\u7eaa\u201d\uff09 \u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c \u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u8ffd\u9010\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u5176\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4eba\uff08\u201c\u8d62\u5229\u6027\u7ecf\u7eaa\u201d\uff09 \u7684\u672c\u8272\uff1b \u800c\u6743\u8d23\u5206\u79bb\u6240\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u201c\u53bb\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u201d\u503e\u5411\u5219\u8868\u660e\uff0c \u8eab\u5904\u7fa4\u4f17\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\uff0c\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u626e\u6f14\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u7fa4\u4f17\u6743\u529b\u5171\u8c0b\u4e4b\u727a\u7272\u54c1\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>\u6ce8\u91ca<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>[1]Vivienne Shue\uff0c The Reach of the State\uff1a Stretches of the Chinese Body Politics\uff0c Stanford\uff1a Stanford University Press\uff0c 1988.<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>[2]Helen Siu\uff0c Agents and Victims in South China\uff1a Accomplices in Rural Revolution\uff0c New Haven\uff1a Yale University Press\uff0c1989.<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>[3]Jean Oi\uff0c State and Peasant in Contemporary China\uff1a The Political Economy of Village Government. Berkeley\uff0c CA\uff1a University of California Press\uff0c 1989.<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>[4]\u675c\u8d5e\u5947\uff1a\u300a\u6587\u5316\u3001\u6743\u529b\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u2014\u20141900- 1942 \u5e74\u7684\u534e\u5317\u519c\u6751\u300b\uff0c\u738b\u798f\u660e\u8bd1\uff0c[\u5357\u4eac]\u6c5f\u82cf\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e1995 \u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>[5]\u5f20\u9759\uff1a\u300a\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6743\u2014\u2014\u4e61\u6751\u5236\u5ea6\u8bf8\u95ee\u9898\u300b\uff0c[\u676d\u5dde]\u6d59\u6c5f\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e2000 \u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>[6]\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u8fd0\u52a8\u578b\u4e61\u6751\u6cbb\u7406\u201d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5206\u6790\uff0c \u53c2\u89c1\u674e\u91cc\u5cf0\u300a\u53d8\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u7cbe\u82f1\u4e0e\u6c11\u4f17\u2014\u2014\u571f\u5730\u6539\u9769\u4e0e\u534e\u5317\u4e61\u6751\u6743\u529b\u53d8\u8fc1\uff08 1945-1953\uff09 \u300b\uff0c[\u5929\u6d25]\u5357\u5f00\u5927\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u9662\u535a\u58eb\u540e\u7814\u7a76\u62a5\u544a\uff0c 2004 \u5e74\uff0c \u7b2c\u5341\u7ae0\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>[7]\u53c2\u89c1\u5434\u6bc5\u300a\u6751\u6cbb\u53d8\u8fc1\u4e2d\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u4e0e\u79e9\u5e8f\u2014\u201420 \u4e16\u7eaa\u5ddd\u4e1c\u53cc\u6751\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u300b\uff0c[\u5317\u4eac]\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2002 \u5e74\u7248\uff1b \u674e\u5eb7\u300a\u897f\u6751\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\uff1a \u4ece\u9769\u547d\u8d70\u5411\u9769\u547d\u2014\u20141938- 1952 \u5180\u4e1c\u6751\u5e84\u57fa\u5c42\u7ec4\u7ec7\u673a\u5236\u53d8\u8fc1\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7cfb\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u8bba\u6587\uff0c 1999 \u5e74\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>[8]James C. Scott\uff0c Weapons of the Weak\uff1a Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance. New Haven\uff1a Yale University Press\uff0c 1985.<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>[9]\u300a\u535a\u5174\u9648\u6237\u533a\u5cad\u5b50\u6751\u652f\u90e8\u60c5\u51b5\u6750\u6599\u300b\uff08 1949\/06\/30\uff09 \uff0c \u5c71\u4e1c\u7701\u6863\u6848\u9986\u85cf\uff0c G026- 01- 0122- 007.<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>[10]\u5f17\u91cc\u66fc\u7b49\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u4e8b\u4f8b\uff1a 1948 \u5e74\uff0c\u4e94\u516c\u6751\u7684\u515a\u5458\u5e72\u90e8\u63a5\u5230\u4e0a\u7ea7\u6307\u793a\uff0c \u8981\u6c42\u539f\u6709\u8d2b\u519c\u7684\u4eba\u5747\u571f\u5730\u5fc5\u987b\u8fbe\u52302.7 \u4ea9\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c \u8fd9\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u666e\u904d\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u571f\u6539\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u6807\u53c8\u4e0d\u81f3\u4e8e\u9020\u6210\u6df7\u4e71\uff0c\u6751\u5e72\u90e8\u4eec\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u662f\u5c0618 \u6237\u76f8\u5bf9\u5bcc\u88d5\u7684\u4e2d\u519c\u6539\u5212\u4e3a\u8d2b\u519c\uff0c \u4ece\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c \u4f7f\u8d2b\u519c\u7684\u4eba\u5747\u571f\u5730\u8fbe\u5230\u4e862.7 \u4ea9\uff0c \u800c\u4e2d\u519c\u7684\u4eba\u5747\u571f\u5730\u9762\u79ef\u5927\u5927\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c \u4ec5\u6bd4\u8d2b\u519c\u591a\u51fa0.1 \u4ea9\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u515a\u6240\u53d1\u660e\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5206\u7c7b\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u5de7\u5999\u5229\u7528\uff0c\u6751\u5e72\u90e8\u5938\u5927\u4e86\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u5206\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u548c\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c \u65e2\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e86\u81ea\u8015\u519c\u5229\u76ca\u3001\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u4e61\u6751\u56e2\u7ed3\uff0c \u53c8\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u4e0a\u7ea7\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u5145\u5206\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u57fa\u5c42\u7cbe\u82f1\u5728\u793e\u533a\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u4e0a\u7ea7\u610f\u5fd7\u4e4b\u95f4\u5bfb\u6c42\u5e73\u8861\u52aa\u529b\u548c\u6280\u5de7\u3002\u89c1\u5f17\u91cc\u66fc\u7b49\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e61\u6751\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u300b\uff0c \u9676\u9e64\u5c71\u8bd1\uff0c[\u5317\u4eac]\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u6587\u732e\u51fa\u7248\u793e2002 \u5e74\u7248\uff0c \u7b2c150 \u9875\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>[11]\u300a\u4e2d\u5171\u5180\u4e2d\u4e5d\u5730\u59d4\u5173\u4e8e\u4e5d\u5206\u533a\u571f\u5730\u6539\u9769\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u7ecf\u9a8c\u300b\uff08 1946\/10\/23\uff09 \uff0c \u6cb3\u5317\u7701\u6863\u6848\u9986\u7f16\u300a\u6cb3\u5317\u571f\u5730\u6539\u9769\u6863\u6848\u53f2\u6599\u9009\u7f16\u300b\uff0c[\u77f3\u5bb6\u5e84]\u6cb3\u5317\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e1990 \u5e74\u7248\uff0c \u7b2c102 \u9875\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>[12][33]\u300a\u7259\u524d\u53bf\u90ed\u57ce\u533a\u9648\u80dc\u6751\u652f\u90e8\u6750\u6599\u300b\uff08 1948\/09\/14\uff09 \uff0c \u5c71\u4e1c\u7701\u6863\u6848\u9986\u85cf\uff0c G024- 01- 0143- 011.<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>[13][34][66]\u97e9\u4e01\uff1a\u300a\u7ffb\u8eab\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e00\u4e2a\u6751\u5e84\u7684\u9769\u547d\u7eaa\u5b9e\u300b\uff0c\u97e9\u501e\u7b49\u8bd1\uff0c \u5317\u4eac\u51fa\u7248\u793e1980 \u5e74\u7248\uff0c \u7b2c696- 704 \u9875\uff0c\u7b2c175 \u9875\uff0c \u7b2c462 \u9875\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>[14][22] \u7259\u524d\u53bf\u59d4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u90e8\uff1a\u300a\u5357\u6d9d\u90fd\u6751\u652f\u90e8\u5386\u53f2\u60c5\u51b5\u8c03\u67e5\u300b\uff08 1948\/06\uff09 \uff0c \u5c71\u4e1c\u7701\u6863\u6848\u9986\u85cf\uff0c G024- 01- 0268- 004.<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>[15]\u300a\u817e\u53bf\u5730\u59d4\u7d27\u6025\u901a\u62a5\u300b\uff08 1951\/01\uff09 \uff0c\u8f7d\u5c71\u4e1c\u5206\u5c40\u519c\u6751\u5de5\u4f5c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u300a\u60c5\u51b5\u901a\u62a5\uff08 1951.1~10\uff09 \u300b\uff0c \u5c71\u4e1c\u7701\u6863\u6848\u9986\u85cf\uff0c A060- 02-0010- 001.<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>[16][32]\u300a\u4e94\u9f99\u53bf\u56e2\u65fa\u533a\u674e\u7267\u5e84\u533a\u8c03\u67e5\u603b\u7ed3\u300b\uff08 1948\/01\/29\uff09 \uff0c\u5c71\u4e1c\u7701\u6863\u6848\u9986\u85cf\uff0c G024- 01- 0117- 002.<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>[17][19][28]\u300a\u6853\u53f0\u53bf\u7d22\u9547\u533a\u516d\u4e2a\u6751\u521d\u6b65\u8c03\u67e5\u6750\u6599\u300b\uff08 1948\/07\uff09 \uff0c \u5c71\u4e1c\u7701\u6863\u6848\u9986\u85cf\uff0c G026- 01- 0037- 001.<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>[18] \u4e94\u83b2\u53bf\u59d4\uff1a\u300a\u8f9b\u73ae\u7b49\u5bf9\u4e94\u83b2\u53bf\u4e24\u6708\u6765\u590d\u67e5\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u603b\u7ed3\u53d1\u8a00\u8bb0\u5f55\u300b\uff08 1947\/08\/31\uff09 \uff0c \u5c71\u4e1c\u7701\u6863\u6848\u9986\u85cf\uff0c G024- 01- 0121- 003.<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>[20]\u53c2\u89c1\u6731\u5fb7\u65b0\u300a\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e09\u56db\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u6cb3\u5357\u5180\u4e1c\u4fdd\u7532\u5236\u5ea6\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c[\u5317\u4eac]\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e1994 \u5e74\u7248\uff0c \u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\u3002\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u663e\u793a\uff0c \u6297\u6218\u65f6\u671f\u534e\u5317\u6751\u5e84\u7684\u591a\u6570\u5f53\u6743\u8005\uff0c \u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u58eb\u7ec5\u7cbe\u82f1\u8fd8\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u4e2d\u5171\u6276\u6301\u7684\u65b0\u578b\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\uff0c\u90fd\u4ee5\u4fdd\u536b\u6751\u5e84\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u5b89\u5168\u4e3a\u57fa\u672c\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\uff0c \u5bf9\u5305\u62ec\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5728\u5185\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5916\u529b\u90fd\u65e2\u6709\u5408\u4f5c\u4e5f\u6709\u6297\u4e89\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>[21]\u67ef\u9c81\u514b\uff1a\u300a\u5341\u91cc\u5e97\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e00\u4e2a\u6751\u5e84\u7684\u7fa4\u4f17\u8fd0\u52a8\u300b\uff0c\u9ad8\u5f3a\u7b49\u8bd1\uff0c \u5317\u4eac\u51fa\u7248\u793e1982 \u5e74\u7248\uff0c \u7b2c28 \u9875\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>[23][30][31]\u957f\u6c99\u533a\u5de5\u4f5c\u56e2\uff1a\u300a\u957f\u6c99\u533a\u5404\u6751\u571f\u6539\u590d\u67e5\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u300b\uff08 1949\/10\/19\uff09 \uff0c \u5c71\u4e1c\u7701\u6863\u6848\u9986\u85cf\uff0c G024- 01- 0145- 012.<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>[24][57] \u6e24\u6d77\u533a\u515a\u59d4\u8c03\u7814\u5ba4\uff1a\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u6853\u53f0\u53bf\u7d22\u9547\u533a\u5434\u5bb6\u78e8\u571f\u6539\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u8c03\u67e5\uff08 \u8349\u7a3f\uff09 \u300b\uff08 1947\/05\uff09 \uff0c\u5c71\u4e1c\u7701\u6863\u6848\u9986\u85cf\uff0c G026-01- 0241- 004\u2461\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>[25][27][35][40][41][45]\u5317\u5cb3\u4e09\u5730\u59d4\uff1a\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u5e72\u7fa4\u5173\u7cfb\u95ee\u9898\uff08 \u571f\u6539\u6750\u6599\u4e4b\u4e8c\uff09 \u300b\uff08 \u7ea61947\uff09 \uff0c\u6cb3\u5317\u7701\u6863\u6848\u9986\u85cf\uff0c 78- 1- 39- 3.<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>[26]\u65e9\u5728\u6297\u6218\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u51cf\u79df\u51cf\u606f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c \u5373\u5e38\u6709\u519c\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4efb\u3001\u652f\u90e8\u4e66\u8bb0\u7b49\u56e0\u591a\u5360\u679c\u5b9e\u800c\u88ab\u5f00\u9664\u6216\u64a4\u804c\uff0c \u89c1\u5180\u9c81\u8c6b\u533a\u515a\u59d4\u300a\u519c\u6751\u652f\u90e8\u7684\u6574\u515a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ca\u73b0\u72b6\u300b\uff08 1948\/09\uff09 \uff0c \u5c71\u4e1c\u7701\u6863\u6848\u9986\u85cf\uff0c G052- 02-0071- 004.\u300a\u4e94\u56db\u6307\u793a\u300b\u4e2d\u4e13\u95e8\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u8981\u6559\u80b2\u57fa\u5c42\u5e72\u90e8\uff0c \u9632\u6b62\u4ed6\u4eec\u5229\u7528\u9886\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u53d6\u5f97\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u201c\u4ee5\u514d\u5f15\u8d77\u7fa4\u4f17\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c \u8f6c\u5411\u540c\u5e72\u90e8\u4f5c\u6597\u4e89\u201d\u3002\u89c1\u4e2d\u592e\u6863\u6848\u9986\u7f16\u300a\u89e3\u653e\u6218\u4e89\u65f6\u671f\u571f\u5730\u6539\u9769\u6587\u4ef6\u9009\u7f16\uff08 1945-1949 \u5e74\uff09 \u300b\uff0c[\u5317\u4eac]\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u515a\u6821\u51fa\u7248\u793e1981 \u5e74\u7248\uff0c \u7b2c6 \u9875\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>[29]\u300a\u7259\u524d\u53bf\u6e2f\u91cc\u6751\u571f\u5730\u4e0e\u9636\u7ea7\u8c03\u67e5\u300b\uff08 1948\/09\/15\uff09 \uff0c \u5c71\u4e1c\u7701\u6863\u6848\u9986\u85cf\uff0c G024- 01- 0071- 005.<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>[36]\u300a\u4e2d\u5171\u592a\u884c\u533a\u515a\u59d4\u5173\u4e8e\u571f\u5730\u6539\u9769\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u603b\u7ed3\u300b\uff08 1947\/06\/25\uff09 \uff0c\u300a\u6cb3\u5317\u571f\u5730\u6539\u9769\u6863\u6848\u53f2\u6599\u9009\u7f16\u300b\uff0c[\u77f3\u5bb6\u5e84]\u6cb3\u5317\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e1990 \u5e74\u7248\uff0c \u7b2c243 \u9875\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>[37]\u300a\u6e24\u6d77\u533a\u515a\u59d4\u571f\u6539\u590d\u67e5\u62a5\u544a\u521d\u7a3f\u300b\uff08 1947\/06\uff09 \uff0c\u5c71\u4e1c\u7701\u6863\u6848\u9986\u85cf\uff0c G026- 01- 0240- 001.<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>[38]\u5317\u6d77\u5730\u59d4\uff1a\u300a\u9ec4\u53bf\u82a6\u5317\u533a\u7948\u5bb6\u6751\u3001\u5317\u667a\u6751\u3001\u5434\u5bb6\u7a91\u6751\u652f\u90e8\u8c03\u67e5\u300b\uff08 1948\/05\/23\uff09 \uff0c \u5c71\u4e1c\u7701\u6863\u6848\u9986\u85cf\uff0c G024- 01- 0111- 002.<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>[39] \u5180\u9c81\u8c6b\u533a\u515a\u59d4\uff1a\u300a\u519c\u6751\u652f\u90e8\u7684\u6574\u515a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ca\u73b0\u72b6\u300b\uff08 1948\/09\uff09 \uff0c \u5c71\u4e1c\u7701\u6863\u6848\u9986\u85cf\uff0c G052- 02- 0071- 004.<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>[42] \u4e73\u5c71\u53bf\u59d4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u79d1\uff1a\u300a\u5728\u571f\u5730\u6539\u9769\u4e2d\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5de5\u4f5c\u300b\uff08 1946\/12\uff09 \uff0c \u5c71\u4e1c\u7701\u6863\u6848\u9986\u85cf\uff0c G024- 01- 0224- 004.<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>[43]\u6853\u53f0\u53bf\u7d22\u9547\u533a\u5f20\u6865\u6751\u571f\u6539\u6750\u6599\u300b\uff08 1949\/06\/27\uff09 \uff0c \u5c71\u4e1c\u7701\u6863\u6848\u9986\u85cf\uff0c G026- 01- 0269- 001.<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>[44] \u5180\u9c81\u8c6b\u533a\u515a\u59d4\uff1a\u300a\u519c\u6751\u652f\u90e8\u7684\u6574\u515a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ca\u73b0\u72b6\u300b\uff08 1948\/09\uff09 \uff0c \u5c71\u4e1c\u7701\u6863\u6848\u9986\u85cf\uff0c G052- 02- 0071- 004.<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>[46]\u8bba\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c \u793e\u4f1a\u96c6\u56e2\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5f80\u5f80\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5176\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7a0b\u5ea6\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4eba\u6570\u7684\u591a\u5c11\uff0c \u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u662f\u4e25\u5bc6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5408\u6cd5\u5730\u884c\u4f7f\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d4b\u4e88\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff0c \u81ea\u7136\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u51ed\u501f\u6743\u529b\u8c0b\u53d6\u79c1\u5229\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u5d14\u6548\u745e\u300a\u4ece\u519c\u6c11\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u89e3\u4e2d\u56fd\u519c\u6751\u7684\u5185\u5377\u5316\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\u300b\u7f51\u7edc\u72482002 \u5e746 \u6708\u53f7\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>[47]\u4f8b\u5982\u4e34\u6e05\u4e5d\u533a\u5373\u56e0\u5c11\u6570\u6751\u5e72\u3001\u515a\u5458\u7684\u5f3a\u8feb\u547d\u4ee4\u3001\u72ec\u65ad\u4e13<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>\u884c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8d2a\u6c61\u6d6a\u8d39\u3001\u591a\u5360\u679c\u5b9e\uff0c \u5f15\u8d77\u7fa4\u4f17\u5f88\u5927\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u5e76\u201c\u5bf9\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f88\u5927\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u515a\u5458\u5e72\u90e8\u4e5f\u90fd\u6709\u4e86\u666e\u904d\u7684\u538c\u6076\u5fc3\u7406\u201d\u3002\u89c1\u300a\u4e34\u6e05\u4e5d\u533a\u53d1\u52a8\u8d2b\u96c7\u6210\u7acb\u8d2b\u519c\u56e2\u4e0e\u521d\u6b65\u6574\u515a\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e0e\u4f53\u9a8c\u300b\uff08 \u7ea61948\uff09 \uff0c \u5c71\u4e1c\u7701\u6863\u6848\u9986\u85cf\uff0c G051- 01- 0059- 004\u2461\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>[48]\u5173\u4e8e\u571f\u6539\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u201c\u5f00\u95e8\u6574\u515a\u201d\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c \u53c2\u89c1\u674e\u91cc\u5cf0\u300a\u571f\u6539\u6574\u515a\u4e2d\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\u76d1\u63a7\u4e0e\u4e61\u6751\u6cbb\u7406\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u7b2c2 \u671f\uff0c[\u5317\u4eac]\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u6587\u732e\u51fa\u7248\u793e2006 \u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>[49]\u300a\u4e2d\u5171\u5180\u5357\u4e94\u5730\u59d4\u5173\u4e8e\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\u592e\u4e94\u56db\u571f\u5730\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u603b\u7ed3\u610f\u89c1\u300b\uff08 1946\/07\/15\uff09 \uff0c\u300a\u6cb3\u5317\u571f\u5730\u6539\u9769\u6863\u6848\u53f2\u6599\u9009\u7f16\u300b\uff0c[\u77f3\u5bb6\u5e84]\u6cb3\u5317\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e1990 \u5e74\u7248\uff0c \u7b2c35 \u9875\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>[50]\u5434\u6bc5\u5728\u300a\u6751\u6cbb\u53d8\u8fc1\u4e2d\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u4e0e\u79e9\u5e8f\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c \u5c06\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u4ee5\u6765\u4e61\u6751\u201c\u65e0\u653f\u6cbb\u9636\u5c42\u201d\u6269\u5927\u3001\u6751\u5e84\u516c\u5171\u53c2\u4e0e\u51cf\u5f31\u7b49\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u53bb\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u7684\u6751\u5e84\u653f\u6cbb\u201d\uff08 \u7b2c339 \u9875\uff09 .\u672c\u6587\u501f\u7528\u201c\u53bb\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c \u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u571f\u6539\u671f\u95f4\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u56e0\u4e3a\u6743\u8d23\u5206\u79bb\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u201c\u8eba\u5012\u4e0d\u5e72\u201d\u3001\u6577\u884d\u585e\u8d23\u3001\u201c\u597d\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u7b49\u5fc3\u6001\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>[51]\u674e\u82b8\u751f\uff1a\u300a\u533a\u59d4\u5de5\u4f5c\u961f\u5728\u83b1\u897f\u8c2d\u683c\u5e84\u533a\u5d16\u540e\u6751\u8bd5\u5212\u9636\u7ea7\u603b\u7ed3\u300b\uff08 1948\/10\/04\uff09 \uff0c \u5c71\u4e1c\u7701\u6863\u6848\u9986\u85cf\uff0c G024- 01- 0087- 005.<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>[52]\u80f6\u4e1c\u533a\u515a\u59d4\u897f\u6d77\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ec4\uff1a\u300a\u5e73\u5ea6\u53bf\u6f58\u6843\u533a\u6731\u5bb6\u4e95\u6751\u5982\u4f55\u516c\u5f00\u652f\u90e8\u300b\uff08 1948\/12\/01\uff09 \uff0c \u5c71\u4e1c\u7701\u6863\u6848\u9986\u85cf\uff0c G024- 01- 0153- 004.<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>[53]\u5180\u5357\u4e00\u5730\u59d4\uff1a\u300a\u8bad\u7ec3\u63d0\u62d4\u6751\u5e72\u95ee\u9898\u300b\uff08 1948\uff09 \uff0c\u6cb3\u5317\u7701\u6863\u6848\u9986\u85cf\uff0c 28- 1- 26- 25.<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>[54] \u5434\u6865\u53bf\u59d4\uff1a\u300a\u5434\u6865\u57ce\u5173\u533a\u4ed3\u4e0a\u6751\u5178\u578b\u7edf\u8ba1\u8c03\u67e5\u6750\u6599\u300b\uff08 1948\/03\/28\uff09 \uff0c \u5c71\u4e1c\u7701\u6863\u6848\u9986\u85cf\uff0c G026- 01- 0054- 005.<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>[55]\u300a\u90ef\u57ce\u53bf\u571f\u6539\u5de5\u4f5c\u68c0\u67e5\u62a5\u544a\u300b\uff08 1951\/03\/01\uff09 \uff0c \u5c71\u4e1c\u7701\u6863\u6848\u9986\u85cf\uff0c A001- 02- 0070- 003.<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>[56] \u5180\u9c81\u8c6b\u533a\u515a\u59d4\uff1a\u300a\u519c\u6751\u652f\u90e8\u7684\u6574\u515a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ca\u73b0\u72b6\u300b\uff08 1948\/09\uff09 \uff0c \u5c71\u4e1c\u7701\u6863\u6848\u9986\u85cf\uff0c G052- 02- 0071- 004.<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>[58][63]\u300a\u8392\u5357\u53bf\u7ed3\u675f\u571f\u6539\u5de5\u4f5c\u603b\u7ed3\u300b\uff08 1950\/03\uff09 \uff0c\u5c71\u4e1c\u7701\u6863\u6848\u9986\u85cf\uff0c A001- 02- 0051- 007.<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>[59]\u300a\u84ec\u83b1\u53bf\u59d4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u90e8\u5168\u53bf\u652f\u90e8\u60c5\u51b5\u300b\uff08 1948\/05\/18\uff09 \uff0c \u5c71\u4e1c\u7701\u6863\u6848\u9986\u85cf\uff0c G024- 01- 0296- 001.<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>[60]\u5180\u5357\u4e09\u5730\u59d4\uff1a\u300a\u571f\u6539\u901a\u62a5\u300b\u7b2c2 \u53f7\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d2b\u519c\u56e2\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff08 1948\/04\/12\uff09 \uff0c \u6cb3\u5317\u7701\u6863\u6848\u9986\u85cf\uff0c 33- 1- 77- 15.<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>[61]\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u300a\u84ec\u83b1\u53bf\u59d4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u90e8\u5168\u53bf\u652f\u90e8\u60c5\u51b5\u300b\uff08 1948\/05\/18\uff0c\u5c71\u4e1c\u7701\u6863\u6848\u9986\u85cf\uff0c G024- 01- 0296- 001\uff09 \u4e2d\uff0c \u4e00\u4e9b\u201c\u5728\u6751\u8d1f\u8d23\u591a\u5e74\u201d\u7684\u201c\u8001\u6751\u5e72\u90e8\u201d\u63d0\u62d4\u4e3a\u8131\u4ea7\u533a\u5e72\uff0c \u5373\u6210\u4e86\u5b58\u5728\u79cd\u79cd\u987e\u8651\u7684\u201c\u65b0\u5e72\u90e8\u201d\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>[62]\u300a\u4e2d\u5171\u5180\u4e1c\u533a\u515a\u59d4\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u571f\u5730\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u51e0\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u7ed9\u9075\u5316\u53bf\u59d4\u7684\u6307\u793a\u300b\uff08 1946\/07\/20\uff09 \uff0c\u300a\u6cb3\u5317\u571f\u5730\u6539\u9769\u6863\u6848\u53f2\u6599\u9009\u7f16\u300b\uff0c[\u77f3\u5bb6\u5e84]\u6cb3\u5317\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e1990 \u5e74\u7248\uff0c \u7b2c50 \u9875\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>[64]\u300a\u4e2d\u5171\u5180\u4e2d\u533a\u515a\u59d4\u5173\u4e8e\u571f\u5730\u6539\u9769\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u51e0\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u300b\uff08 1946\/12\/01\uff09 \uff0c\u300a\u6cb3\u5317\u571f\u5730\u6539\u9769\u6863\u6848\u53f2\u6599\u9009\u7f16\u300b\uff0c[\u77f3\u5bb6\u5e84]\u6cb3\u5317\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e1990 \u5e74\u7248\uff0c \u7b2c130 \u9875\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>[65] \u7c7b\u4f3c\u60c5\u5f62\u5728\u5173\u4e8e\u571f\u6539\u7684\u8bb0\u8ff0\u4e2d\u5341\u5206\u5e38\u89c1\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c \u4e1c\u77f3\u4e61\u5206\u914d\u679c\u5b9e\u65f6\uff0c \u4e00\u4f4d\u519c\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u53ef\u5948\u4f55\u5730\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u54b1\u8fd9\u56de\u638c\u63e1\u571f\u6539\uff0c\u53c8\u78b0\u4e0a\u4e86\u5927\u516c\u65e0\u79c1\uff0c \u54b1\u4e5f\u4e0d\u597d\u610f\u601d\u6ecb\u58f0\uff0c \u53eb\u7fa4\u4f17\u770b\u7740\u7ed9\u5427\uff01 \u201d\u3002\u5728\u4e0a\u7ea7\u4e0e\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u76d1\u7763\u548c\u201c\u5927\u516c\u65e0\u79c1\u201d\u7684\u6c1b\u56f4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c \u57fa\u5c42\u7cbe\u82f1\u65e0\u6cd5\u7406\u76f4\u6c14\u58ee\u5730\u63d0\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u89c1\u300a\u5386\u57ce\u53bf\u516b\u533a\u4e1c\u77f3\u4e61\u7ed3\u675f\u571f\u5730\u6539\u9769\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u603b\u7ed3\u300b\uff08 1950\/01\/01\uff09 \uff0c \u5c71\u4e1c\u7701\u6863\u6848\u9986\u85cf\uff0c A001- 02- 0051- 002.\u5341\u91cc\u5e97\u201c\u67e5\u7a9f\u7abf\u627e\u8865\u4e01\u201d\u65f6\uff0c \u8d2b\u7a77\u7684\u6751\u5e72\u90e8\u4eec\u90fd\u4e0d\u6562\u6216\u4e0d\u597d\u610f\u601d\u63d0\u51fa\u8981\u6c42\uff0c \u800c\u8981\u9760\u5176\u4ed6\u8d2b\u519c\u6765\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bf4\u8bdd\u3002\u6700\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u526f\u6751\u957f\u738b\u6587\u76db\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u6562\u81ea\u62a5\u4e3a\u201c\u7a9f\u7abf\u6237\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u62c5\u5fc3\u80cc\u4e0a\u201c\u5229\u7528\u804c\u6743\u8c0b\u79c1\u5229\u201d\u7684\u5acc\u7591\u3002\u800c\u5728\u201c\u5bfb\u627e\u586b\u7a9f\u7abf\u7684\u571f\u201d\u65f6\uff0c \u515a\u5458\u4eec\u5374\u5fc5\u987b\u7387\u5148\u9000\u5730\u732e\u5730\u3002\u89c1\u67ef\u9c81\u514b\u300a\u5341\u91cc\u5e97\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e00\u4e2a\u6751\u5e84\u7684\u7fa4\u4f17\u8fd0\u52a8\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c242 \u9875\u3002\u5f20\u5e84\u9886\u5bfc\u571f\u6539\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u961f\u5458\u5f20\u5168\u513f\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u88ab\u6697\u7b97\u53d7\u4f24\uff0c \u4ed8\u4e0d\u8d77\u533b\u7597\u8d39\uff0c\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u5374\u662f\u201c\u4f60\u4eec\u5e72\u90e8\u5e94\u8be5\u8c61\u8001\u9ec4\u725b\u4e00\u6837\u4e3a\u7fa4\u4f17\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd8\u8981\u6211\u4eec\u5e2e\u52a9\u5462\uff1f \u201d\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u672c\u5e94\u8be5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\uff0c \u53ef\u60dc\u4ed6\u662f\u5e72\u90e8\uff0c \u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u529e\u6cd5\u5462\uff1f \u201d\u89c1\u97e9\u4e01\u300a\u7ffb\u8eab\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e00\u4e2a\u6751\u5e84\u7684\u9769\u547d\u7eaa\u5b9e\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c449-452 \u9875\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT size=3>[67] \u5bf9\u666e\u901a\u6c11\u4f17\u4e4b\u201c\u6743\u529b\u5e7b\u89c9\u201d\u7684\u7cbe\u5f69\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c \u53c2\u89c1\u5b54\u98de\u529b\u300a\u53eb\u9b42\u2014\u20141768 \u5e74\u4e2d\u56fd\u5996\u672f\u5927\u6050\u614c\u300b\uff0c \u9648\u517c\u3001\u5218\u6636\u8bd1\uff0c \u4e0a\u6d77\u4e09\u8054\u4e66\u5e971999 \u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c \u4e2d\u56fd\u4e61\u6751\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5916\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u70ed\u70b9\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4e2d\u5916\u5b66\u754c\u5df2\u7ecf\u79ef\u7d2f\u4e86\u6bd4\u8f83 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3852","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-thought","et-doesnt-have-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3852","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3852"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3852\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3852"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3852"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3852"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}