{"id":39354,"date":"2014-04-23T14:57:00","date_gmt":"2014-04-23T14:57:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:10081\/?p=39354 "},"modified":"2014-04-23T14:57:00","modified_gmt":"2014-04-23T14:57:00","slug":"39354-revision-v1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/?p=39354","title":{"rendered":"\u4e00\u5468\u65b0\u95fb\u805a\u7126\uff1a\u7ebd\u65f6\u62a5\u9053\u5468\u6c38\u5eb7\u5bb6\u65cf\u655b\u8d22\u548c\u5b8b\u6797\u80cc\u540e\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5927\u8001\u864e"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u9ad8\u745c\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u5b98\u5458\u5728\u88ab\u516c\u6c11\u4e3e\u62a5\u540e\u90fd\u8981\u53d1\u8868\u8f9f\u8c23\u58f0\u660e\u662f\u5b58\u4e86\u4fa5\u5e78\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5e0c\u671b\u8eb2\u8fc7\u7eaa\u68c0\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u8ffd\u8d23\uff0c\u4f46\u4ece\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6298\u5c04\u51fa\u7eaa\u68c0\u53cd\u8150\u7684\u5f0a\u7aef\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“\u4f60\u5982\u679c\u4e3e\u62a5\uff0c\u5728\u5fae\u535a\u4e0a\u5b9e\u540d\u4e3e\u62a5\uff0c\u4e2d\u7eaa\u59d4\u4e0d\u52a8\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u516c\u68c0\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u4e0d\u6562\u627f\u62c5\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0a\u4ed6\u516c\u5b89\u5c40\u53bb\u62a5\u6848\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u63a5\u5f85\u4f60\u3002\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\uff0c\u516c\u68c0\u6cd5\u4f60\u8981\u4f7f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u771f\u6b63\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6709\u4e3e\u62a5\u4e86\uff0c\u516c\u5b89\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u5c31\u80fd\u8c03\u67e5\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u662f\u4e2d\u7eaa\u59d4\u53cd\u8150\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u975e\u5e38\u5403\u529b\u3002\u4f60\u4e2d\u7eaa\u59d4\u80fd\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4eba\uff1f\u4f60\u4e2d\u592e\u7eaa\u59d4\u53cd\u8150\u7684\u51b3\u5fc3\u5927\uff0c\u4f60\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4eba\u624b\uff1f\u4f60\u6709\u8d2a\u5b98\u591a\u5417\uff1f\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u867d\u7136\u5728\u5404\u5927\u95e8\u6237\u7f51\u7ad9\u53ca\u7f51\u7edc\u793e\u533a\u4e0a\u90fd\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u62a5\u9053\u3001\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u4f46\u817e\u8fc5\u5fae\u535a\u4e0a\u5374\u65e0\u6cd5\u627e\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0e\u5b8b\u6797\u843d\u9a6c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u8f93\u5165“\u534e\u6da6”\u6216\u662f“\u5b8b\u6797”\u5747\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

▲\u82f1\u56fd\u5e7f\u64ad\u516c\u53f8\uff08BBC\uff094\u670819\u65e5\u62a5\u9053\uff1a\u534e\u6da6\u8463\u4e8b\u957f\u5b8b\u6797“\u88ab\u514d\u804c”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b98\u65b9\u65b0\u534e\u793e\u661f\u671f\u516d\uff084\u670819\u65e5\uff09\u5f15\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u90e8\u5b98\u5458\u79f0\uff0c\u534e\u6da6\u96c6\u56e2\u8463\u4e8b\u957f\u3001\u515a\u59d4\u4e66\u8bb0\u5b8b\u6797\u56e0\u6d89\u4e25\u91cd\u8fdd\u7eaa\u8fdd\u6cd5\u88ab\u514d\u804c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u8fd9\u540d\u5b98\u5458\u79f0\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u514d\u53bb\u5b8b\u6797\u9886\u5bfc\u804c\u52a1\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u6b63\u5728\u6309\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5b8b\u6797\u5728\u661f\u671f\u56db\u521a\u521a\u88ab\u4e2d\u7eaa\u59d4\u5ba3\u5e03“\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8c03\u67e5”\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u65b0\u534e\u793e\u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53c2\u8003\u62a5\u300b\u9996\u5e2d\u8bb0\u8005\u738b\u6587\u5fd7\u5728\u53bb\u5e747\u6708\u4ee5\u53ca\u672c\u5468\u65e9\u4e9b\u65f6\u5019\u4e24\u6b21\u5728\u5176\u4e2a\u4eba\u5fae\u535a\u4e3e\u62a5\u5b8b\u6797\u6d89\u8d2a\u8150\u3001\u6e0e\u804c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5305\u517b\u60c5\u5987\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u8d44\u59d4\u5728\u53bb\u5e747\u6708\u738b\u6587\u5fd7\u9996\u6b21\u4e3e\u62a5\u540e\u8868\u793a\u5c06\u7814\u7a76\u76f8\u5e94\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u5e76\u627f\u8bfa“\u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u8fdd\u6cd5\u8fdd\u7eaa\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5c06\u4f9d\u6cd5\u4f9d\u7eaa\u4e25\u8083\u5904\u7406”\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u800c\u738b\u6587\u5fd7\u672c\u5468\u518d\u5ea6\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u5fae\u535a\u4e3e\u62a5\u5b8b\u6797\u540e\uff0c\u5b8b\u6797\u9a6c\u4e0a\u88ab\u5ba3\u5e03\u906d\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u5e76\u968f\u5373\u88ab\u514d\u804c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

▲\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a54\u670821\u65e5\u62a5\u9053\uff1a\u5468\u6c38\u5eb7\u5bb6\u65cf\u805a\u655b\u5de8\u989d\u8d22\u5bcc\u88ab\u8c03\u67e5<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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\u76ee\u524d\u4f9d\u7136\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u5468\u5bb6\u4eb2\u5c5e\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u8a79\u654f\u5229\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u4f59\u4eb2\u5c5e\u90fd\u5df2\u88ab\u62d8\u62bc\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u5916\u5b59\u5973——\u4ea6\u5373\u5468\u6c38\u5eb7\u7684\u5b59\u5973——\u73b0\u5728\u7531\u5317\u4eac\u7684\u4e00\u5bb6\u5e7c\u513f\u56ed\u7167\u987e\u3002\u8a79\u654f\u5229\u5728\u5357\u52a0\u5dde\u7684\u5bb6\u4e2d\u63a5\u53d7\u91c7\u8bbf\u65f6\u8bf4\uff0c“\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e94\u5c81\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u6765\u8bf4\u592a\u6b8b\u9177\u4e86\u3002”\u5979\u8fd8\u8bf4\uff0c“\u653f\u5e9c\u9886\u5bfc\u5c42\u8981\u5bf9\u81ea\u8eab\u8d1f\u8d23\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u5bf9\u4eba\u6c11\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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\u4e54\u6cbb\u4e9a\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\uff08Georgia State University\uff09\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u56fd\u8150\u8d25\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u9b4f\u5fb7\u5b89\uff08Andrew Wedeman\uff09\u8bf4\uff0c“\u9274\u4e8e\u5468\u6c38\u5eb7\u4e0e\u80fd\u6e90\u3001\u5730\u4ea7\u884c\u4e1a\u53ca\u56fd\u5185\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u6784\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5468\u6c38\u5eb7\u5bb6\u65cf\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u5fc3\u6240\u6b32\u5730\u8fdb\u519b\u4efb\u4f55\u884c\u4e1a\u3002”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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\u660e\u62a5\u4e5f\u62a5\u9053\u8bf4\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u6536\u8d2d\u6848\uff0c\u8ba9\u5916\u754c\u8d28\u7591\u5b8b\u6797\u6e0e\u804c\u53ca\u5bfc\u81f4\u7ea650\u4ebf\u5143\u56fd\u6709\u8d44\u4ea7\u6d41\u5931\u3002\u800c\u5b8b\u6797\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6562\u4ee5\u5982\u6b64\u9ad8\u4ef7\u6536\u8d2d\u5f20\u65b0\u660e\u65d7\u4e0b\u7164\u77ff\uff0c\u80cc\u540e\u662f\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4f4d\u8d3a\u59d3\u5546\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8d3a\u56fd\u5f3a\u7684\u957f\u5b50\u8d3a\u9526\u6d9b\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4eca\u5e743\u670812\u65e5\uff0c\u5b8b\u6797\u7684\u751f\u610f\u76df\u53cb\u3001\u8054\u76db\u96c6\u56e2\u4e3b\u5e2d\u90a2\u5229\u658c\u5728\u592a\u539f\u88ab\u8b66\u65b9\u62d8\u6355\u8c03\u67e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u66fe\u4e3e\u62a5\u8fc7“\u7164\u70ad\u5927\u738b”\u5f20\u65b0\u660e\u548c\u534e\u6da6\u96c6\u56e2\u5b8b\u6797\u7684\u5c71\u897f\u63ed\u9ed1\u8bb0\u8005\u674e\u5efa\u519b\u661f\u671f\u4e00\u5411\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e4b\u97f3\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u786e\u51ff\u8bc1\u636e\u663e\u793a\u8d3a\u9526\u6d9b\u76f4\u63a5\u5377\u5165\u5c71\u897f\u91d1\u4e1a\u7164\u77ff\u70c2\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u6536\u8d2d\u6848\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u662f\uff0c“\u7164\u70ad\u5927\u738b”\u5f20\u65b0\u660e\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u592a\u5b50\u515a\u662f\u8d3a\u9526\u6d9b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a“\u90a3\u4f1a\u513f\uff082012\u5e74\uff09\u6211\u4e3e\u62a5\u5f20\u65b0\u660e\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5c71\u897f\u5c31\u60f3\u67e5\u4ed6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u5462\uff0c\u8d3a\u9526\u6d9b\u5c31\u53bb\u4e86\u8d9f\u5c71\u897f\u3002\u5c71\u897f\u957f\u6cbb\u6b66\u4e61\u53bf\u4e0d\u662f\u6709\u4e2a\u516b\u8def\u519b\u603b\u90e8\u5417\uff1f\u65e7\u5740\u3002\u501f\u53e3\u662f\u7ea2\u8272\u65c5\u6e38\u53bb\uff0c\u5168\u7a0b\u662f\u5f20\u65b0\u660e\u966a\u540c\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u522b\u4e71\u641e\u4ed6\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u5c31\u628a\u5c71\u897f\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u5413\u574f\u4e86\uff0c\u672c\u6765\u4ed6\u4eec\u60f3\u8c03\u67e5\u5f20\u65b0\u660e\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u770b\u8d3a\u56fd\u5f3a\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u516c\u5f00\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u548c\u5f20\u65b0\u660e\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u4e0d\u6562\u52a8\u4ed6\u4e86\u3002”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u6709\u62a5\u9053\u8bf4\uff0c\u51e0\u6b21\u56e0\u5176\u4ed6\u6848\u4ef6\u88ab\u516c\u5b89\u90e8\u95e8\u8c03\u67e5\u4f46\u90fd\u65e0\u4e0b\u6587\u7684\u5f20\u65b0\u660e\uff0c\u4eca\u5e743\u670816\u65e5\u53c8\u88ab\u76f8\u5173\u90e8\u95e8\u7ea6\u8c08\u3002\u800c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u7eaa\u59d4\u5c31\u516c\u5e03\u5b8b\u6797\u63a5\u53d7\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f1a\u5426\u6d89\u7275\u6d89\u5230\u5f20\u65b0\u660e\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u5916\u754c\u5173\u6ce8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u636e\u62a5\u9053\uff0c2010\u5e74\u56fd\u5bb6\u5ba1\u8ba1\u7f72\u5df2\u7ecf\u638c\u63e1\u534e\u6da6\u6536\u8d2d\u7164\u77ff\u5f0a\u6848\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u4f46\u88ab\u67d0\u9ad8\u5c42\u5f3a\u884c\u538b\u4e0b\u30022011\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u9ad8\u5c42\u66fe\u6279\u793a\u67e5\u5904\uff0c\u8c03\u67e5\u4e5f\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0d\u5c11\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6b64\u4e8b\u5374\u572818\u5927\u524d\u88ab\u4eba\u4e3a\u5236\u6b62\u3002\u5916\u754c\u666e\u904d\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u5982\u6b64\u6743\u529b\u5236\u6b62\u8c03\u67e5\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4e2d\u7eaa\u59d4\u4e66\u8bb0\u8d3a\u56fd\u5f3a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b98\u5a92\u5149\u660e\u7f514\u670818\u65e5\u53d1\u8868“\u8c01\u662f\u4e25\u67e5\u534e\u6da6\u8463\u4e8b\u957f\u5b8b\u6797\u7684‘\u963b\u529b’”\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\u5458\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u8d28\u95ee\u5b8b\u6797\u53bb\u5e74\u53d7\u5230\u516c\u5f00\u4e3e\u62a5\u540e\uff0c“\u9ad8\u5c42\u9886\u5bfc\u5373\u5df2\u6279\u793a\u4e25\u67e5”\uff0c“\u4f46\u636e\u8bf4\u9047\u5230\u963b\u529b\uff0c\u88ab‘\u9876’\u4e86\u8fd1\u4e00\u5e74”\u3002\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4e0d\u7981\u8981\u95ee\uff1a\u8c01 “\u9876”\u4e86“\u9ad8\u5c42\u9886\u5bfc”\u7684\u6279\u793a“\u8fd1\u4e00\u5e74”\uff1f \u8c01\u662f\u4e25\u67e5\u5b8b\u6797\u7684“\u963b\u529b”\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u6bd4\u65b0\u534e\u793e\u8bb0\u8005\u738b\u6587\u5fd7\u66f4\u65e9\u4e3e\u62a5\u534e\u6da6\u96c6\u56e2\u8463\u4e8b\u957f\u5b8b\u6797\u7684\u539f\u5c71\u897f\u665a\u62a5\u8bb0\u8005\u674e\u5efa\u519b\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u8d3a\u56fd\u5f3a\u7684\u5927\u513f\u5b50\u8d3a\u9526\u6d9b\u5728\u534e\u6da6\u96c6\u56e2\u5c71\u897f\u7164\u77ff\u6536\u8d2d\u4e2d\u80af\u5b9a\u8d77\u4e86\u67d0\u4e9b\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5229\u76ca\u8f93\u9001\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u5916\u754c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f97\u77e5\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6b64\u6b21\u534e\u6da6\u96c6\u56e2\u8463\u4e8b\u957f\u5b8b\u6797\u8d2a\u8150\u6848\uff0c\u80cc\u540e\u6d89\u5acc\u6d89\u6848\u7684\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u524d\u4e2d\u7eaa\u59d4\u4e66\u8bb0\u8d3a\u56fd\u5f3a\u7684\u5bb6\u4eba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

▲\u82f1\u56fd\u5e7f\u64ad\u516c\u53f8\uff08BBC\uff094\u670821\u65e5\u62a5\u9053\uff1a\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\u63ed\u5468\u6c38\u5eb7\u5bb6\u65cf\u655b\u8d22\u8fc7\u5341\u4ebf<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\u5468\u65e5\uff084\u670820\u65e5\uff09\u7684\u4e24\u7bc7\u62a5\u9053\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u9664\u623f\u4ea7\u548c\u6d77\u5916\u8d44\u4ea7\u5916\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u8c03\u67e5\u7684\u524d\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5173\u6700\u9ad8\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5468\u6c38\u5eb7\u7684\u4eb2\u621a\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u653f\u6cbb\u8d44\u672c\uff0c“\u655b\u8d22\u81f3\u5c1110\u4ebf\u4eba\u6c11\u5e01”\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“\u5927\u80c6\u4e4b\u4e3e”“\u5728\u4e00\u573a\u5f02\u4e4e\u5bfb\u5e38\u7684\u8150\u8d25\u8c03\u67e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u5e2d\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u5df2\u5c06\u5468\u6c38\u5eb7\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e3a\u8c03\u67e5\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u50cf\u5468\u6c38\u5eb7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u4e2d\u5171\u9ad8\u5b98\u9996\u6b21\u53d7\u5230\u8150\u8d25\u8c03\u67e5\u3002”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u540d\u4e3a\u300a\u5468\u6c38\u5eb7\u5bb6\u65cf\u805a\u655b\u5de8\u989d\u8d22\u5bcc\u88ab\u8c03\u67e5\u300b\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff1a“\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u6839\u636e\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u575b\u7684\u4e25\u683c\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u5927\u80c6\u4e4b\u4e3e\u3002”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u5468\u6c38\u5eb7\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u8150\u8d25\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u4e5f\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u515a\u5185\u5f53\u6743\u8005\u5728\u9700\u8981\u653f\u6cbb\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u6d89\u5165\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u5468\u6c38\u5eb7\u4e8e\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u6267\u638c\u4e2d\u77f3\u6cb9\uff0c\u5e76\u57281999\u5e74\u81f32002\u5e74\u671f\u95f4\u62c5\u4efb\u56db\u5ddd\u7701\u59d4\u4e66\u8bb0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u53bb\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u591a\u540d\u66fe\u4e0e\u5468\u6c38\u5eb7\u5171\u4e8b\u5b98\u5458\u88ab\u4e2d\u7eaa\u59d4\u67e5\u5904\uff0c\u5e76\u6380\u8d77\u4e2d\u56fd\u65b0\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684\u53cd\u8150\u98ce\u66b4\u3002\u4ece\u76ee\u524d\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u65b0\u4e0a\u4efb\u7684\u4e2d\u5171\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u51b3\u5fc3\u5bf9\u515a\u5185\u8150\u8d25\u5927\u529b\u67e5\u5904\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4e0a\u5468\uff0c\u4e2d\u7eaa\u59d4\u7f51\u7ad9\u53d1\u8868\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u4ece“\u96f6\u5bb9\u5fcd”\u770b\u5f53\u524d“\u6253\u864e”\u4e4b\u65b0\u6c14\u8c61\u300b\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u671f\u7684\u53cd\u8150\u8fd0\u52a8“\u864e\u8747\u9f50\u6253”\uff0c\u79f0“\u76ee\u524d\u53cd\u8150\u4e3e\u52a8\u8868\u660e\u4e2d\u56fd\u60e9\u6cbb\u8150\u8d25\u7684\u96f6\u5bb9\u5fcd\u6001\u5ea6”\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u516c\u5f00\u6570\u636e\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\u83b7\u53d6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6e20\u9053\u5e76\u975e\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u90a3\u4e48\u7279\u6b8a\u3002\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u7bc7\u914d\u5408\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u300a\u4ece\u516c\u5f00\u8d44\u6599\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u5468\u5bb6\u7ebf\u7d22\u300b\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e86\u8be5\u8c03\u67e5\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u4fe1\u606f\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u5730\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5de5\u5546\u90e8\u95e8\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u53ef\u67e5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bb0\u5f55\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u516c\u53f8\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4eba\u6301\u80a1\u7684\u660e\u7ec6\uff0c\u9ad8\u5b98\u4eb2\u5c5e\u7684\u6301\u80a1\u4e5f\u53ef\u4f9b\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u67e5\u9605\u3002”\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\u900f\u9732\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u7ffb\u9605\u4e8637\u5bb6\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u5de5\u5546\u767b\u8bb0\u8d44\u6599\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“\u901a\u8fc7\u68c0\u7d22\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u5468\u6c38\u5eb7\u7684\u4e09\u540d\u4eb2\u621a\uff1a\u4ed6\u7684\u5f1f\u5ab3\u5468\u73b2\u82f1\u3001\u957f\u5b50\u5468\u6ee8\uff0c\u548c\u5468\u6ee8\u7684\u5cb3\u6bcd\u8a79\u654f\u5229\uff0c\u5728\u6a2a\u8de8\u4e2d\u56fd\u5341\u6765\u4e2a\u7701\u4efd\u63a7\u5236\u8005\u81f3\u5c1137\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u80a1\u4efd\u3002”\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\u62a5\u9053\u79f0\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6295\u8d44\u603b\u503c\u81f3\u5c1110\u4ebf\u4eba\u6c11\u5e01\uff0c“\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f30\u8ba1\u51e0\u4e4e\u80af\u5b9a\u4f4e\u4f30\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\u3002”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\u8be5\u62a5\u9053\u7684\u4e00\u540d\u8bb0\u8005\u4e0a\u5468\u5bf9BBC\u4e2d\u6587\u7f51\u8bb0\u8005\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\u56e2\u961f\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e09\u4e2a\u6708\u6d4f\u89c8\u4e86\u6570\u5343\u4efd\u516c\u53f8\u6863\u6848\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u53cd\u590d\u6c42\u8bc1\uff0c\u7ec8\u5f97\u6b64\u6587\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u53bb\u5e74\uff0c\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\u4e0a\u6d77\u5206\u793e\u793e\u957f\u5f20\u5927\u536b\uff08David Barboza\uff09\u4ea6\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u76f8\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u5199\u5c31\u300a\u603b\u7406\u5bb6\u4eba\u9690\u79d8\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u3002\u6b64\u6587\u4e8e2013\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u666e\u5229\u7b56\u56fd\u9645\u65b0\u95fb\u62a5\u9053\u5956\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4f46\u8fd9\u7bc7\u62a5\u9053\u4e5f\u5f97\u7f6a\u4e2d\u5171\u5f53\u5c40\uff0c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u7f51\u7ad9\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5883\u5185\u88ab\u5c01\u6740\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u672a\u89e3\u7981\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

▲\u81ea\u7531\u4e9a\u6d32\u7535\u53f0\uff08RFA\uff094\u670821\u65e5\u62a5\u9053\uff1a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\uff1a\u5468\u6c38\u5eb7\u5bb6\u65cf\u655b\u5de8\u989d\u8d22\u5bcc<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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“\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u62a5\u9053\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u843d\u540e\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a2012\u5e74\u4e2d\u8c03\u67e5\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\uff0c\u5230\u4e862013\u5e74\u5185\u90e8\u6d88\u606f\u5c31\u5f88\u591a\u4e86\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u56fd\u5185\u4e00\u4e9b\u5a92\u4f53\u4e5f\u5728\u6572\u8fb9\u9f13\uff0c\u900f\u9732\u51fa\u5468\u6c38\u5eb7\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u91d1\u989d\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e00\u5343\u4ebf\u3002”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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“\u5468\u6c38\u5eb7\u5173\u952e\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u593a\u6743\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u4e0d\u80fd\u5bb9\u5fcd\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u6cbb\u4ed6\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8981\u6253\u6210\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6848\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6848\u4ef6\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u8d2a\u8150\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u6709\u7684\u662f\u3002”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4e2d\u56fd\u7f51\u7edc\u4f5c\u8005\u5218\u5148\u751f\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u524d\u4efb\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u5e38\u59d4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bb6\u65cf\u4eba\u58eb\u805a\u655b\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u8d22\u5bcc\u7684\u8fdc\u8fdc\u4e0d\u6b62\u5468\u6c38\u5eb7\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u5468\u6c38\u5eb7\u5bb6\u65cf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u663e\u7136\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u9886\u5bfc\u5c42\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u9700\u8981\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

“\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u662f\u7528\u4e86\u53cd\u8d2a\u8150\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u4f46\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u8fd8\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u6597\u4e89\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b97\u662f\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u53cd\u8d2a\u8150\u8c03\u67e5\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u5e38\u59d4\u7834\u4f8b\u4e86\u3002\u6309\u7167\u4e2d\u5171\u653f\u6cbb\u6597\u4e89\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u72af\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u7ea2\u7ebf\uff0c\u522b\u8bf4\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u5e38\u59d4\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\u8bf4\u62ff\u6389\u4e5f\u5c31\u62ff\u6389\u4e86\u3002”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4e2d\u5171\u5b98\u65b9\u81f3\u4eca\u672a\u5bf9\u6709\u5173\u5468\u6c38\u5eb7\u53d7\u5230\u8c03\u67e5\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u505a\u51fa\u8bc1\u5b9e\u3002\u4eca\u5e74\u4e24\u4f1a\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6709\u5b98\u5458\u5728\u8bb0\u8005\u62db\u5f85\u4f1a\u4e0a\u88ab\u95ee\u53ca\u6b64\u4e8b\uff0c\u4ee5“\u4f60\u61c2\u7684”\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56de\u7b54\uff0c\u666e\u904d\u88ab\u5916\u754c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5b98\u65b9\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e86\u6d41\u4f20\u591a\u65f6\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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“\u5207\u5272\u4e0d\u5e72\u51c0\uff0c\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u653f\u575b\u4e0a\u592a\u591a\u7684\u9707\u52a8\uff0c\u6839\u57fa\u53ef\u80fd\u9707\u57ae\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f\u7f6a\u884c\u600e\u4e48\u516c\u5e03\uff0c\u8bf4\u5f97\u4e0d\u4e25\u91cd\u4e0d\u597d\u770b\uff0c\u8bf4\u5f97\u592a\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u53c8\u5f71\u54cd\u515a\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u884c\u3002”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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\u603b\u90e8\u8bbe\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u660e\u955c\u65b0\u95fb\u7f51\uff08\u4e2d\u6587\uff0921\u65e5\u8bf4\uff1a\u8fd9\u4f4d\u5973\u6b4c\u624b\u7684\u786e\u5df2\u6d89\u6848\u88ab\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u800c\u5979\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u670b\u53cb\u4eec\u51fa\u6765\u8f9f\u8c23\u662f“\u4f01\u56fe\u63a9\u76d6\u4e8b\u5b9e\u771f\u76f8”\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u534e\u6da6\u96c6\u56e2\u8001\u603b\u5b8b\u6797\u88ab\u6293\u524d\u7684\u58f0\u660e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

*\u53cd\u8150\u548c\u5c71\u897f\u5b98\u573a*<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u65b0\u534e\u793e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53c2\u8003\u62a5\u8bb0\u8005\u738b\u6587\u5fd7\u4e3e\u62a5\u5b8b\u6797\u8d2a\u8150\uff0c\u5b8b\u6797\u5728\u534e\u6da6\u5b98\u7f51\u53d1\u8868\u58f0\u660e\u6307\u8d23\u738b\u9020\u8c23\u6c61\u8511\u8bfd\u8c24\u3002\u4f46\u5176\u8bdd\u97f3\u521a\u843d\u5c31\u88ab\u4e2d\u7eaa\u59d4\u62ff\u4e0b\u3002\u8bb0\u8005\u7f57\u660c\u5e73\u4e3e\u62a5\u80fd\u6e90\u5c40\u957f\u5218\u94c1\u7537\u8d2a\u8150\uff0c\u80fd\u6e90\u5c40\u53d1\u58f0\u660e\uff0c\u6307\u8d23\u7f57\u65e0\u4e2d\u751f\u6709\uff0c\u9020\u8c23\u6c61\u8511\u3002\u4f46\u540e\u6765\u5218\u94c1\u7537\u4e5f\u88ab\u4e2d\u7eaa\u59d4\u62ff\u4e0b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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\u660e\u955c\u65b0\u95fb\u62a5\u9053\u8bf4\uff1a\u6d89\u53ca\u5230“\u653f\u53d8”\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u9996\u8111\u3001\u5fd7\u5728\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5c71\u897f\u4eba\u8584\u7199\u6765\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c71\u897f\u4eba\u4ee4\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u62a5\u9053\u8bf4\uff0c\u524d\u5c71\u897f\u7701\u59d4\u526f\u4e66\u8bb0\u91d1\u9053\u94ed\u88ab\u62ff\u4e0b\u540e\u4ea4\u4ee3\u8bb8\u591a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6d89\u53ca\u5c71\u897f\u7701\u59d4\u4e66\u8bb0\u8881\u7eaf\u6e05\u3002\u4f46\u62a5\u9053\u6ca1\u6709\u8be6\u7ec6\u5c55\u5f00\u8c08\u5176\u6d89\u6848\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u7ec6\u8282\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

*\u5eb7\u5e08\u5085\u65b9\u4fbf\u9762\u4f55\u65f6\u51fa\u9505\uff1f*<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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\u9ec4\u6e1d\u751f\u59bb\u5b50\u8a79\u654f\u5229\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u8bb0\u8005\u8bf4\uff1a\u5468\u6ee8\u7684\u5973\u513f\u53ea\u67095\u5c81\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u67d0\u5e7c\u513f\u56ed\u3002\u8a79\u5728\u5357\u52a0\u5dde\u5bb6\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e94\u5c81\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u6765\u8bf4\u592a\u6b8b\u9177\u4e86\uff1a“\u653f\u5e9c\u9886\u5bfc\u5c42\u8981\u5bf9\u81ea\u8eab\u8d1f\u8d23\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u5bf9\u4eba\u6c11\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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▲\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a54\u670821\u65e5\u62a5\u9053\uff1a\u534e\u6da6\u8463\u4e8b\u957f\u5b8b\u6797\u5728\u5e8a\u7167\u66dd\u5149\u540e\u843d\u9a6c<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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*\u5de8\u989d\u8d22\u5bcc*<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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*\u5207\u5272\uff1f*<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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\u534e\u76db\u987f\u5e03\u9c81\u91d1\u65af\u5b66\u4f1a\uff08Brookings Institution\uff09\u80fd\u6e90\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u6790\u5458\u9093\u4e3d\u5609\uff08Erica S. Downs\uff09\u8bf4\uff0c“\u53ef\u4ee5\u80af\u5b9a\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e2d\u77f3\u6cb9\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u8150\u8d25\u8c03\u67e5\u5f00\u59cb\u4e4b\u524d”\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e2d\uff0c“\u5b83\u662f\u6700\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u3002\u8fd1\u51e0\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u62c5\u5fc3\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u51fa\u73b0\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d8\u5f97\u592a\u5927\u3001\u592a\u5f3a\u4e86\uff0c\u50cf\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u602a\u4eba\u5f17\u5170\u80af\u65af\u5766\uff08Frankenstein\uff09\u535a\u58eb\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u602a\u517d\u3002”<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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2011\u5e74\uff0c\u6d69\u76db\u76ca\u4f73\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u5bb6\u5929\u7136\u6c14\u7ecf\u9500\u5546\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u80a1\u6743\uff0840%\uff09\uff0c\u8be5\u7ecf\u9500\u5546\u7684\u603b\u90e8\u5728\u6d77\u5357\u7701\u7701\u4f1a\uff0c\u7531\u53e6\u4e00\u5bb6\u4e2d\u77f3\u6cb9\u96c6\u56e2\u5b50\u516c\u53f8\u63a7\u80a1\u3002\u8bb0\u5f55\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u6d69\u76db\u76ca\u4f73\u57282012\u5e74\u53c8\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u5bb6\u603b\u90e8\u5728\u56db\u5ddd\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u591a\u6570\u80a1\u6743\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u6ca1\u6709\u70b9\u77f3\u6210\u91d1<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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