{"id":40675,"date":"2014-07-06T04:47:00","date_gmt":"2014-07-06T04:47:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:10081\/?p=40675 "},"modified":"2014-07-06T04:47:00","modified_gmt":"2014-07-06T04:47:00","slug":"40675-revision-v1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/?p=40675","title":{"rendered":"\u5510\u4e39\u9e3f\uff1a\u897f\u85cf\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e09\u90e8\u66f2\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1a\u540a\u8be1\u7684\u53cd\u5e1d\u53cd\u6b96\u6c11"},"content":{"rendered":"
\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1a\u540a\u8be1\u7684\u53cd\u5e1d\u53cd\u6b96\u6c11  <\/div>
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\u7acb\u5baa\u8005\u548c\u9769\u547d\u8005\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5408\u529b\u63a8\u7ffb\u6ee1\u6e05\u5e1d\u56fd\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u8ba9\u5e1d\u56fd\u7687\u5e1d\u5728\u9000\u4f4d\u8bcf\u4e66\u91cc\u5199\u4e0a“\u4ecd\u5408\u6ee1\u3001\u6c49\u3001 \u8499\u3001\u56de\u3001\u85cf\u4e94\u65cf\u5b8c\u5168\u9886\u571f\u4e3a\u4e00\u5927\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd”\u3002\u5173\u952e\u662f\uff0c\u505a\u52a8\u4f5c“\u5408”\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e3b\u8bed\u662f\u8c01\u554a\uff1f\u5475\u5475\uff0c\u53ea \u6709\u6ee1\u3001\u6c49\u5427\uff1f\u8981\u662f\u505a\u52a8\u4f5c\u7684\u4eba\u5305\u62ec\u85cf\u56de\u8499\uff0c\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u540e\u6765\u7684\u897f\u85cf\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u65b0\u7586\u95ee\u9898\u4e86\u3002  <\/div>
\u4e8e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u88ab\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ee5“\u65cf”\u540e\u7f00\u7684\u85cf\u4eba\u3001\u4e1c\u7a81\u53a5\u65af\u5766\u4eba\u3001\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u60f3\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u5e1d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684 \u7279\u5f81\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\uff0c\u88ab\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u89c2\u88ab\u6392\u65a5\u5728\u5916\uff0c\u88ab\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u7684\u6743\u5229\u906d\u5426\u5b9a\u3002 \u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\uff08\u85cf\uff09\u3001\u4e1c\u7a81\u53a5\u65af\u5766\u3001\u8499\u53e4\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u4e00\u5207\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4ee3\u4eba\u3001\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4f53\u6240\u7ec4 \u6210\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u548c\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u548c\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u6240\u8d50\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u653f\u6743\u5b9e\u4f53——\u5168\u90e8\u88ab\u65e0\u751f\u547d\u5316\uff0c\u88ab \u5f53\u6210\u8d22\u4ea7\uff0c\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u6743\u5c5e\uff0c\u5199\u8fdb\u4e86\u6ee1\u6d32\u4eba\u548c\u6c49\u4eba\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u4e66\u4e2d\u3002\u5176\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u5404“\u85e9”\u53cd\u5e1d\u53cd\u6b96\u6c11\u4e4b \u65f6\u3002  <\/div>
1913 \u5e74\uff0c\u6c11\u56fd\u4e34\u65f6\u603b\u7edf\u8881\u4e16\u51ef\u7ed9\u5341\u4e09\u4e16\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u53d1\u53bb\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u6ed1\u7a3d\u7684“\u590d\u804c”\u7535\u62a5\uff1a“\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u6c11\u56fd\u5efa \u7acb\uff0c\u4e94\u65cf\u6c49\u3001\u85cf\u3001\u6ee1\u3001\u8499\u3001\u56de\u5171\u548c\uff0c\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u81ea\u7136\u5e94\u611f\u5230\u548c\u7956\u56fd\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u66f4\u52a0\u7d27\u5bc6\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c \u4ed6\u5148\u524d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ffd\u7565\uff1b\u4ed6\u7684\u5c01\u53f7‘\u8bda\u987a\u8d5e\u5316\u897f\u5929\u5927\u5584\u81ea\u5728\u4f5b’\u4ece\u6b64\u6062\u590d\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u4ed6\u652f\u6301\u9ec4\u6559\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9 \u6c11\u56fd\u3002”[5]\u53ef\u662f\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u5e76\u4e0d\u611f\u5230\u548c“\u7956\u56fd”\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ed6\u56de\u590d\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e76\u672a\u5411\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u8bf7\u6c42\u4ee5 \u524d\u7684\u5c01\u53f7\uff0c\u4ed6‘\u8981\u5728\u897f\u85cf\u884c\u4f7f\u4e16\u4fd7\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u7edf\u6cbb’\u3002\u5341\u4e09\u4e16\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u5e76\u516c\u544a\u4e86“\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f9d\u7167\u4f5b\u6cd5\uff0c \u4eab\u6709\u548c\u5e73\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u72ec\u7acb\u5c0f\u56fd”[6]\u3002\u4e00\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u6c11\u56fd\u9881\u5e03\u300a\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u7ea6\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u5ba3\u79f0“\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u4e4b\u9886\u571f\uff0c\u4f9d \u4ece\u524d\u5e1d\u56fd\u6240\u6709\u4e4b\u7586\u57df”——\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e00\u4e0b“\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e4b\u7586\u57df”\u3002  <\/div>
\u300a\u6e05\u5e1d\u900a\u4f4d\u8bcf\u4e66\u300b\u76f4\u5230\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u8fd8\u88ab\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u7528\u6765\u8bba\u8bc1“\u5408\u6cd5\u6027”\uff1a“\u300a\u6e05\u5e1d\u900a\u4f4d\u8bcf\u4e66\u300b\u6210\u4e3a\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b \u6743\u8f6c\u79fb\u81f3\u6c11\u56fd\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u6587\u732e……\u4f5c\u4e3a\u539f\u5e1d\u56fd\u6240\u8f96\u9886\u571f\u7684\u8fbd\u9614\u7684\u8fb9\u7586\u6c11\u65cf\u5730\u533a\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u5f53\u7136\u5408\u6cd5 \u5730\u7eb3\u5165\u6c11\u56fd\u6cd5\u7edf\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002”\u5475\u5475\uff0c\u5e1d\u56fd\u3001\u5e1d\u56fd\uff0c\u6211\u6709\u70b9\u60ca\u8bb6\u5929\u671d\u5b66\u4eba\u8fd9\u4e48\u5802\u7687\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff1a“\u5e1d \u56fd”——\u6b66\u529b\u5f81\u670d\u5f02\u57df\u3001\u519b\u4e8b\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5e72\u6d89\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u63a0\u593a\u3001\u6587\u5316\u540c\u5316\u3001\u65e0\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u552f\u72ec\u6ca1 \u6709\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff1a\u85cf\u56de\u8499\u7684\u8ba4\u53d7\uff0c\u600e\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e“\u5408\u6cd5\u6027”\u5462\uff1f[7]  <\/div>
“\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u65cf”\u3001“\u4e94\u65cf\u5171\u548c”\u672c\u662f\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u534e\u590f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\uff08\u6c49\u4eba\uff09\u5bf9\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u672a\u6765\u524d\u666f\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a \u91cd\u6784“\u4e2d\u56fd”\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c“\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u65cf”\u9664\u4e86\u8ba9\u6c49\u4eba\u5174\u594b\u5916\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u80fd\u5524\u8d77\u53e6\u5916\u56db“\u65cf”\u7684 “\u56fd\u65cf”\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c“\u4e94\u65cf\u5171\u548c”\u7684\u4e61\u613f\u5e76\u672a\u5f97\u5230\u85cf\u4eba\u3001\u4e1c\u7a81\u53a5\u65af\u5766\u4eba\uff08\u56de\uff09\u3001\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\uff1a\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279<\/div>
\uff08\u897f\u85cf\uff09\u9a71\u9010\u4e86“\u9791\u864f”——\u6ee1\u6e05\u9a7b\u85cf\u5927\u81e3\u548c\u4e09\u5343\u6e05\u5175\uff0c\u5341\u4e09\u4e16\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u7533\u660e\u897f\u85cf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u56fd \u5bb6\uff0c\u4ee5\u660e\u786e\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u548c\u72ec\u7acb\u56fd\u5bb6\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\u4e5f\u72ec\u7acb\u5230\u4e86 1949\u5e74\u3002“\u65b0\u7586”\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u52a8 \u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u4e24\u5ea6\u6210\u7acb\u4e1c\u7a81\u53a5\u65af\u5766\u5171\u548c\u56fd\uff1b\u5916\u8499\u72ec\u7acb\uff1b\u8fde\u6ee1\u4eba\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u6ee1\u6d32\u56fd……  <\/div>
\u5404“\u85e9” \u540e\u6765\u7684\u7ed3\u5c40\uff0c\u5c31\u5f88\u540a\u8be1\u4e86\uff1a  <\/div>
\u867d\u7136\u8499\u53e4\u5404\u90e8\u5728\u6ee1\u6e05\u65e9\u671f\u5c31\u5f03\u6218“\u5f52\u987a”\uff0c\u5374\u5728\u82cf\u8054\u5e72\u9884\u4e0b\u72ec\u7acb\u4e86\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u6307\u8d23\u56fd\u6c11\u515a“\u6700\u65e0 \u803b\u5730……\u628a\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u770b\u6210\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u7684\u9644\u5eb8” [8],\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd“\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5bf9\u5916\u8499\u7684‘\u5b97\u4e3b\u6743’”\uff0c\u7f3a\u6389\u7684\u7248\u56fe\u81f3 \u4eca\u8fd8\u8ba9\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u65cf\u7231\u56fd\u8005\u75db\u5fc3\u75be\u9996\u3002\u4e00\u573a\u516b\u5e74\u7684\u6297\u6218\uff0c\u5e26\u7740\u53cd\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u53cd\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5149\u73af\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86 \u80dc\u5229\uff0c\u6ee1\u4eba\u88ab\u5f7b\u5e95\u540c\u5316\u4e86\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5ba3\u79f0“\u627f\u8ba4\u4e2d\u56fd\u5883\u5185\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u51b3\u6743……\u5404\u5f31\u5c0f\u6c11 \u65cf\u6709\u540c\u4e2d\u56fd\u8131\u79bb\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u6210\u7acb\u72ec\u7acb\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6743\u5229”\uff3b9\uff3d\uff0c1950\u5e74 2\u6708 24\u65e5\u7684\u300a\u4eba\u6c11\u65e5\u62a5\u300b\u793e\u8bba\u8bf4 “\u8499\u53e4\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u51b3\u7684\u539f\u5219\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8bde\u751f……\u662f\u5929\u7ecf\u5730\u4e49\u7684\u4e8b”\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5c06\u59cb\u7ec8 \u62b5\u6297\u4e0d\u606f\u7684 “\u65b0\u7586”\u3001\u548c\u4e0d\u66fe\u771f\u5b9e\u63a7\u5236\u8fc7\u7684\u897f\u85cf“\u89e3\u653e”\u8fdb\u4e86“\u7956\u56fd\u7684\u5927\u5bb6\u5ead”\u3002  <\/div>
\u56e0\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u9a9a\u52a8\u7684\u559c\u739b\u62c9\u96c5\u300b\u800c\u88ab\u4e2d\u56fd\u6295\u5165\u76d1\u72f1\u7684\u85cf\u4eba\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5353\u739b\u5609\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u5199\u5230“\u300a\u5341\u4e03\u6761\u534f\u8bae\u300b\u7b2c \u4e00\u6761\uff1a‘\u897f\u85cf\u4eba\u6c11\u56e2\u7ed3\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u9a71\u9010\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u4fb5\u7565\u52bf\u529b\u51fa\u897f\u85cf\uff0c\u897f\u85cf\u4eba\u6c11\u56de\u5230\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5927\u5bb6\u5ead \u4e2d\u6765’……1951\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\u897f\u85cf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u897f\u85cf\u5185\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u52bf\u529b\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\uff1a\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u3002 \u5176\u4e8c\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u3002\u897f\u85cf\u4eba\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u5f31\u5c0f\u65e0\u80fd\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u5e26\u9886\u4e0b\u79ef\u6781\u5730\u6392\u65a5\u8fc7\u4e24\u8005\u3002\u5728\u897f\u85cf\u4eba\u770b\u6765\uff1a\u4e24 \u8005\u90fd\u662f\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u3002”  <\/div>
“\u53cd\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49”\u3001“\u53cd\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49”\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7eb7\u7eb7\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u6000\u7740\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b \u4e49\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u7684\u60b2\u60c5\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528“\u843d\u540e”\u8fd9\u4e00\u5178\u578b\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f0f\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u8d4b\u4e88\u81ea\u5df1“\u5148\u8fdb”\u4e0e“\u89e3\u653e”\u7684 \u5178\u578b\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f0f\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u5360\u9886\u4e86\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\u548c\u4e1c\u571f\u8033\u5176\u65af\u5766\uff0c\u534e\u4e3d\u8f6c\u8eab\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86“\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u65cf”\u7684\u5171\u4e3b\u3002\u65b0\u4e2d \u56fd\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdc\u8d85“\u4e5d\u5dde”“\u534e\u590f”\u7586\u57df\u7684\u5927\u4e00\u7edf\u7684“\u591a\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6”\uff0c\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\u4eba\u3001\u4e1c\u7a81\u53a5\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u3001\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u3001 \u6ee1\u6d32\u4eba\u901a\u901a\u6210\u4e86“\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf”\u3002  <\/div>
“\u86ee\u620e\u72c4\u5937”\u3001“\u756a\u56fd”\u3001“\u85e9\u5c5e”\u3001“\u65cf”\u3001“\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf”\uff0c\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u6269\u5f20\u53f2\u3002\u800c\u4ece“\u85e9 \u5c5e”\u5230“\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf”\uff0c\u5219\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u6700\u8840\u8165\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u5f53\u6c49\u4eba\u7231\u56fd\u8005\u4eec\u4fef\u5bdf\u5305\u62ec“\u4e2d\u56fd\u897f\u85cf”\u3001“\u4e2d\u56fd \u65b0\u7586”\u7684\u5fc3\u7231\u7684\u7248\u56fe\u65f6\uff0c\u8bf7\u4e00\u5e76\u770b\u89c1\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u6570\u5b57\u9a87\u4eba\u7684\u88ab\u6740\u6b7b\u7684\u756a\u90a6\u5f02\u65cf\uff1a\u7537\u4eba\u3001\u5973\u4eba\u3001\u8001\u4eba\u3001 \u5e7c\u7ae5……  <\/div>
\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff1a\u5f02\u65cf\u52bf\u529b\u5165\u4e3b\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u519b\u4e8b\u5360\u9886\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u7edf\u6cbb\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u63a0\u593a\u3001\u6587\u5316\u540c\u5316\u3001 \u4eba\u683c\u5974\u5f79\u3001\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u8d38\u6613\u7b49\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u7684\u5229\u76ca——\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b26\u5408\u6240\u6709\u9879\u3002   <\/div>
\u672c\u8282\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u53ca\u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a  <\/div>
[1]\u85cf\u6587\u539f\u6587\uff1a\u0f56\u0f51\u0f7c\u0f0b\u0f53\u0f0b\u0f72\u0f56\u0f51\u0f7c\u0f0b\u0f62\u0f51\u0f7a\u0f0d\u0f62\u0f92\u0fb1\u0f0b\u0f53\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f62\u0f92\u0fb1\u0f0b\u0f62\u0f51\u0f7a\u0f0d \u535a\u662f\u535a\uff0c\u52a0\u662f\u52a0\u3002“\u535a”\u5305\u62ec\u591a\u536b\u5eb7\u53ca\u5609\u7ed2\u3001\u7f8c\u5858\u7b49\u5730\uff0c\u85cf\u8c1a\u79f0“\u4e0a\u963f \u91cc\u4e09\u56f4\u3001\u4e2d\u536b\u85cf\u56db\u5982\u3001\u4e0b\u591a\u5eb7\u516d\u5c97”\uff1b“\u52a0”\u6307\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002\u4e2d\u6587\u901a\u5e38\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210“\u85cf\u662f\u85cf\uff0c\u6c49\u662f\u6c49”\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5f53 \u4eca\u6c49\u4eba\u6309\u7167\u73b0\u5b9e\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u8fd9\u662f\u85cf\u4eba\u53e4\u8c1a\uff0c\u800c\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e76\u975e“\u591a\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6”\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7b14<\/div>
\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5e94\u4e3a\uff1a\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\u662f\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002  <\/div>
[2]\u300a\u745e\u8d1d\u5361\uff1a\u9769\u547d\u515a\u4e0e\u5317\u6d0b\uff0c\u90fd\u8981\u9760\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u300bhttp:\/\/history.sina.com.cn\/his\/zl\/2013-07- 11\/154550258.shtml \u300a\u6b27\u7acb\u5fb7\uff1a\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e1d\u56fd\u5417\uff1f\u300b http:\/\/site.douban.com\/229318\/widget\/notes\/15736132\/note\/325836790\/    <\/div>
[3]\u4e1c\u7a81\u53a5\u65af\u5766\u5f53\u65f6\u662f\u8499\u53e4\u51c6\u5676\u5c14\u6c49\u56fd  <\/div>
[4]\u89c1 M.C.F.\u8303\u666e\u62c9\u8d6b\u300a\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5730\u4f4d\u300b\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0“\u5927\u89d2\u9010\u4e2d\u7684\u897f\u85cf”\u53ca\u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a1876 \u5e74\u300a\u70df\u53f0\u6761\u7ea6\u300b \u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u6761\u4e13\u6761\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\u82f1\u56fd\u6709\u8fdb\u5165\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u8be5\u6761\u7ea6\u53cd\u8bc1\u4e86\uff0c\u5176\u4e00\u6b64\u524d\u82f1\u56fd\u6ca1\u6709\u89c6\u897f\u85cf\u4e3a\u6ee1\u6e05\u7684 \u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e14\u6ee1\u6e05\u4e5f\u672a\u5c06\u897f\u85cf\u89c6\u4e3a\u5176\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1b\u5176\u4e8c\u8be5\u6761\u7ea6\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u663e\u793a\u82f1\u56fd\u627f\u8ba4\u6ee1\u6e05\u6709\u6743\u4ee3\u8868\u897f\u85cf\u7f14 \u7ed3\u6d89\u53ca\u8be5\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u540c\u671f\uff0c\u897f\u85cf\u653f\u5e9c\u7533\u660e\u6ee1\u6e05\u65e0\u6743\u5141\u8bb8\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u524d\u5f80\u897f\u85cf\uff1b\u7ecf\u5676\u53a6\u4e0e\u6c11\u4f17 \u5927\u4f1a\u5546\u8bae\u540e\uff0c\u5411\u6240\u6709\u8fb9\u754c\u5b98\u5458\u53d1\u5e03\u547d\u4ee4\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u897f\u85cf\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u6ee1\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u7b7e\u53d1\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u6e38\u5386\u897f \u85cf\u7684\u8bc1\u4ef6\u3002\u5728\u300a\u897f\u85cf\u8d38\u6613\u89c4\u5219\u300b\uff08\u4e2d\u56fd\u79f0\u4e3a\u300a\u4e2d\u82f1\u85cf\u5370\u7eed\u7ea6\u300b\uff09\u7b49\u5176\u5b83\u6d89\u85cf\u6761\u7ea6\u540e\uff0c\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\u7684\u76f8 \u5173\u7533\u660e\u90fd\u660e\u786e\u6307\u51fa\uff1a“\u897f\u85cf\u4eba\u4e0d\u53d7\u82f1\u56fd\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6240\u7b7e\u6761\u7ea6\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u897f\u85cf\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u52a0\u8be5\u6761\u7ea6\u7684\u7f14 \u7ed3\u3002” \u53e6\u89c1\u300a\u906e\u853d\u7684\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\u300bP.62-63  <\/div>
[5]M.Goldstein\u300a\u96ea\u72ee\u4e0e\u9f99\u300b“\u95f4\u9694\u671f\uff1a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u72ec\u7acb”David Peng\u8bd1 http:\/\/shiyulong.wordpress.com\/2005\/12\/31\/%E8%BF%87%E6%B8%A1%E6%9C%9F%EF %BC%9A%E4%BA%8B%E5%AE%9E%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B\/  <\/div>
[6] \u5168\u6587\u89c1 M.C.F.\u8303\u666e\u62c9\u8d6b\u300a\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u300b\u9644\u5f5516  <\/div>
[7] \u6768\u6602\uff1a\u6e05\u5e1d\u300a\u900a\u4f4d\u8bcf\u4e66\u300b\u5728\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u65cf\u7edf\u4e00\u4e0a\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u610f\u4e49 http:\/\/blog.renren.com\/share\/222806881\/14481735339  <\/div>
[8] \u4e00\u4e5d\u4e8c\u4e5d\u5e74\u300a\u5e03\u5c14\u585e\u7ef4\u514b\u300b\u7b2c\u5341\u671f  <\/div>
[9] \u4e2d\u534e\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u5927\u7eb2 http:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E8%8B%8F%E7%BB%B4%E5%9 F%83%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD <\/div>
<\/strong>
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<div>\u4ece\u8f9b\u4ea5\u9769\u547d\u52301949\u5e74\u4e2d\u5171\u5efa\u653f\u7684\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u754c\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\uff0c\u53cd\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u53cd\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3b\u65cb\u5f8b\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u695a\uff1a\u8499\u5143\u548c\u6ee1\u6e05\u90fd\u662f\u8fdc\u5f81\u548c\u5360\u9886\u5176\u5b83\u5730\u533a\u7684\u571f\u5730\u3001\u5bf9\u5176\u5b83\u5730\u533a\u8fdb\u884c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u5178\u578b\u5e1d\u56fd\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u534e\u590f\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\uff08\u85cf\uff09\u3001\u4e1c\u7a81\u53a5\u65af\u5766\uff08\u56de\u7586\uff09\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u6ee1\u6d32\u4eba\u9886\u571f\u6269\u5f20\u548c\u5bf9\u5916\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u3002\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd8\u987b\u63d0\u9192\u6c49\u4eba\u8bfb\u8005\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u540e\u6765\u6c49\u4eba\u5c06\u6ee1\u6e05\u5916\u6765\u653f\u6743\u4ece\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\u5185\u5316\u6210\u4e86\u4e3b\u5b50\uff0c\u4f46\u85cf\u4eba\u3001\u4e1c\u7a81\u53a5\u4eba\u3001\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u81ea\u7518\u81e3\u864f\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5c06\u6ee1\u6e05\u5e1d\u56fd\u770b\u6210\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u56fd\u3002<\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-40675","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-first","et-doesnt-have-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40675","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=40675"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40675\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=40675"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=40675"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=40675"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}