{"id":41985,"date":"2014-09-03T03:56:00","date_gmt":"2014-09-03T03:56:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:10081\/?p=41985 "},"modified":"2014-09-03T03:56:00","modified_gmt":"2014-09-03T03:56:00","slug":"41985-revision-v1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/?p=41985","title":{"rendered":"\u674e\u6c5f\u7433\uff1a\u4e2d\u5171\u897f\u85cf\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u6f14\u53d8"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u81ea\u4ece<\/span>1951<\/span>\u5e74\u6b66\u88c5\u5360\u9886\u897f\u85cf\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u5728\u897f\u85cf\u5730\u533a\u4e00\u76f4\u65bd\u884c\u4e00\u5957\u4e0e\u5185\u5730\u5404\u7701\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u85cf\u533a\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u975e\u6c49\u6c11\u65cf\u5730\u533a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u8fd9\u5957\u653f\u7b56\u53ea\u7528\u4e8e\u897f\u85cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7279\u79f0\u4e3a“\u897f\u85cf\u653f\u7b56”\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba<\/span>“<\/span>\u653f\u7b56<\/span>”<\/span>\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5148\u4e86\u89e3“\u65b9\u9488”\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a“\u65b9\u9488”\u6307\u7684\u662f\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u548c\u76ee\u6807\uff0c“\u653f\u7b56”\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u76ee\u6807\u800c\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64“\u653f\u7b56<\/span>”<\/span>\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f“\u65b9\u9488”\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5316\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6240\u8c13“\u897f\u85cf\u653f\u7b56”\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\u5171\u6709\u5173\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u800c\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u4e00\u6574\u5957\u5177\u4f53\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u4ece\u4e2d\u5171\u5360\u9886\u897f\u85cf\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u897f\u85cf\u7684“\u65b9\u9488”\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u4f46“\u653f\u7b56”\u5374\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u671f\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6f14\u53d8\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8fd8\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u5f53\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

<\/div>\r\n

\u4e2d\u5171“\u897f\u85cf\u653f\u7b56”\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6709\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u671f\u95f4\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u77ed\u53d1\u8a00\u4e2d\u80fd\u8bf4\u6e05\u695a\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u6211\u53ea\u80fd\u6839\u636e\u4e00\u4e9b\u516c\u5f00\u548c\u4e0d\u516c\u5f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u7684“\u897f\u85cf\u653f\u7b56”\u6f14\u53d8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u6982\u7684\u52fe\u52d2\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

<\/div>\r\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u9700\u8981\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e24\u70b9\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n


<\/span>\u4e00\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u6b64\u6240\u8bf4\u7684“\u897f\u85cf”\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u4e2d\u56fd\u884c\u653f\u4f53\u7cfb\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u7684\u897f\u85cf\u81ea\u6cbb\u533a\uff0c\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u897f\u85cf\u5468\u8fb9\u56db\u7701\u85cf\u533a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8c08\u5230\u5f53\u4e0b\u4e2d\u56fd\u884c\u653f\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u5206\u5c5e\u4e8e\u9752\u6d77\u3001\u56db\u5ddd\u3001\u7518\u8083\u3001\u4e91\u5357\u7684\u85cf\u533a\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u52a0\u4ee5\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a“\u56db\u7701\u85cf\u533a<\/span>”<\/span>\uff1b\u8c08\u53ca\u5168\u90e8\u85cf\u533a\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6211\u4f7f\u7528<\/span>”<\/span>\u4f20\u7edf\u897f\u85cf<\/span>“<\/span>\u6216<\/span>”<\/span>\u4f20\u7edf\u897f\u85cf\u4e09\u533a<\/span>“<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/div>\r\n
<\/div>\r\n

\u4e8c\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u6b64\u6240\u8bf4\u7684“\u4e2d\u5171\u897f\u85cf\u653f\u7b56”\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e2d\u5171\u5728\u897f\u85cf\u81ea\u6cbb\u533a\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u65bd\u884c\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5957\u653f\u7b56\u4e0e\u5468\u8fb9\u56db\u7701\u85cf\u533a\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002\u4ece\u4f20\u7edf\u897f\u85cf\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c“\u897f\u85cf\u653f\u7b56”\u6db5\u76d6\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u662f\u536b\u3001\u85cf\u3001\u963f\u91cc\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u4e0d\u6db5\u76d6\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5eb7\u548c\u5168\u90e8\u5b89\u591a\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

<\/div>\r\n

\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u6765\u7684\u4e2d\u5171“\u897f\u85cf\u653f\u7b56”\u5927\u81f4\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5212\u5206\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e2d\u5171\u81ea\u8eab\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2d\u5171\u6574\u4f53\u6c11\u65cf\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n

<\/div>\r\n

1.<\/span><\/font><\/strong> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em>\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5<\/span>: 1922-1949<\/span><\/font><\/span><\/strong>2.<\/span><\/font><\/strong> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a<\/strong><\/span>1949-1959<\/span><\/font><\/strong><\/span>3.<\/span><\/font><\/strong> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7b2c\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a<\/strong><\/span>1959-1979<\/span><\/font><\/strong><\/span>4.<\/span><\/font><\/strong> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7b2c\u56db\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a<\/strong><\/span>1980 – <\/span><\/font><\/span>\u81f3\u4eca<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\r\n

<\/strong><\/div>\r\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u968e\u6bb5\uff1a<\/span>1922-1949<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd“\u6253\u5929\u4e0b”\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u4e2d\u5171\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u9769\u547d\u65b9\u7565\u53d7\u5236\u4e8e\u5171\u4ea7\u56fd\u9645\u3002\u5171\u4ea7\u56fd\u9645\u5bf9\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5b9e\u884c\u9886\u5bfc\u6216\u6307\u5bfc\uff0c\u4e00\u5ea6\u628a\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u897f\u85cf\u5212\u5206\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e2d\u5171\u6210\u7acb\u65f6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5355\u72ec\u7684“\u897f\u85cf\u653f\u7b56”\u3002\u76f4\u5230<\/span>1950<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u4e2d\u5171\u519b\u961f\u6b66\u88c5\u5360\u9886\u897f\u85cf\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u8d44\u6599\u663e\u793a\u4e2d\u56fd\u66fe\u7ecf\u5728\u897f\u85cf\u9886\u5bfc\u8fc7\u9769\u547d\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4f46\u662f\u4e2d\u5171\u65e9\u671f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eb2\u9886\u6027\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e2d\u5171\u90a3\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u7684“\u897f\u85cf\u653f\u7b56<\/span>”<\/span>\u53ea\u80fd\u8bf4\u662f\u5305\u542b\u5728\u5176\u7eb2\u9886\u6027\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u653f\u7b56\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/span>1935-36<\/span>\u5e74\u7ea2\u519b<\/span> <\/span>\u957f\u5f81\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5728\u56db\u5ddd\u963f\u575d\u505c\u7559\u4e86\u5f88\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u6574\u4e2a<\/span>”<\/span>\u957f\u5f81<\/span>”<\/span>\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u8270\u82e6\u7684“\u8fc7\u96ea\u5c71\u8349\u5730<\/span>”<\/span>\uff0c\u90fd\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u963f\u575d\u4e00\u5e26\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u5b89\u591a\u5730\u533a\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2d\u5171\u4e0e\u85cf\u4eba\u7684\u521d\u6b21\u63a5\u89e6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u63a5\u89e6\u6709\u4e24\u91cd\u610f\u4e49\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4ee5\u6c49\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u4e2d\u5171\u5404\u7ea7\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e0e\u85cf\u4eba\u548c\u85cf\u6587\u5316\u63a5\u89e6\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u5728\u975e\u6c49\u6c11\u65cf\u5730\u533a\u521d\u6b21\u906d\u9047“\u6587\u5316\u51b2\u7a81”\uff0c\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u3001\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u521d\u6b21\u611f\u53d7\u5230\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u540c\u6587\u540c\u79cd\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u9f13\u52a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u5931\u6548\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u9762\u5bf9\u5f88\u591a\u65b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u6bb5\u7ecf\u5386\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4e2d\u5171\u5c06\u5176\u7eb2\u9886\u6027\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u653f\u7b56\u7ec6\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e2d\u5171\u5728\u85cf\u533a\u66fe\u6709\u77ed\u6682\u7684“\u5eb7\u85cf\u653f\u7b56<\/span>”<\/span>\u3002\u4e2d\u5171\u4e0e\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5bf9<\/span>”<\/span>\u5eb7<\/span>”<\/span>\u548c<\/span>”<\/span>\u85cf“\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6307\u5411\uff0c\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5730\u533a\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u5728\u5efa\u653f\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u653f\u7b56\u660e\u663e\u53d7\u82cf\u8054\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4e3b\u5f20\u6210\u7acb\u4e2d\u534e\u8054\u90a6\uff0c\u63d0\u5021\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u51b3\u6743\uff0c\u5404\u6c11\u65cf\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u52a0\u5165\u4e2d\u534e\u8054\u90a6\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u4e0d\u52a0\u5165\u4e2d\u534e\u8054\u90a6\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4e2d\u5171\u6c11\u65cf\u653f\u7b56\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u952e\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u90fd\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u6bd4\u8f83\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u539f\u7248\u548c<\/span>1950<\/span>\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\u516c\u5f00\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u53ef\u89c1\u4e2d\u5171\u5efa\u653f\u540e\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8fc5\u901f\u5730\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u539f\u5148\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6c11\u65cf\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u8fd8\u6084\u6084\u5220\u6539\u4e86\u539f\u59cb\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bcd\u53e5\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

<\/span><\/p>\r\n

<\/span>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u968e\u6bb5\uff1a<\/strong><\/span>1949-1959 <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4ece<\/span>1949<\/span>\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u6709\u4e86\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684<\/span>”<\/span>\u897f\u85cf\u653f\u7b56<\/span>”<\/span>\u3002\u521a\u624d\u6211\u63d0\u5230<\/span>”<\/span>\u65b9\u9488”\u3001“\u653f\u7b56”\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba<\/span>”<\/span>\u897f\u85cf\u653f\u7b56<\/span>”<\/span>\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u5148\u7b80\u77ed\u8bf4\u660e\u4e2d\u5171\u5bf9\u897f\u85cf\u603b\u7684\u65b9\u9488\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u603b\u65b9\u9488\u540e\uff0c\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3<\/span>”<\/span>\u897f\u85cf\u653f\u7b56<\/span>”<\/span>\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u5e94\u5f53\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u4e2d\u5171\u5bf9\u4e8e\u897f\u85cf\u603b\u7684\u65b9\u9488\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u770b\u8fd9\u4e24\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4efd\u662f<\/span>1949<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>9<\/span>\u6708<\/span>3<\/span>\u65e5\u7684\u65b0\u534e\u793e\u793e\u8bba\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4efd\u662f<\/span>1950<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>1<\/span>\u6708<\/span>2<\/span>\u65e5\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4ece\u82cf\u8054\u53d1\u7ed9\u4e2d\u592e\u548c\u5f6d\u5fb7\u6000\u3001\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u7535\u62a5\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u516c\u5f00\u5ba3\u5e03\u897f\u85cf\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u9886\u571f\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u5c06\u8981\u5c06\u4e4b<\/span>”<\/span>\u89e3\u653e<\/span>“<\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7528\u5a01\u80c1\u6027\u7684\u53e3\u543b\u8b66\u544a\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0d\u5f97\u5e72\u6d89\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793e\u8bba\u53d1\u8868\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u5373\u5f00\u59cb\u4e00\u8fde\u4e32\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u519b\u4e8b\u3001\u5916\u4ea4\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4efd\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4ece\u82cf\u8054\u53d1\u6765\u7684\u7535\u62a5\u3002\u8fd9\u4efd\u7535\u62a5\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u5360\u9886\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u7406\u7531\u548c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u5360\u9886\u4e4b\u540e\u600e\u6837<\/span>”<\/span>\u7ecf\u8425<\/span>“<\/span>\u3002\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e2d\u5171\u5bf9\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u9488\uff1a\u4e00\u662f<\/span>\u5360\u9886<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u6539\u9020<\/strong>\u3002\u4ee5\u540e\u5404\u65f6\u671f\u7684<\/span>“<\/span>\u897f\u85cf\u653f\u7b56<\/span>”<\/span>\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53d8\u5316\u591a\u7aef\uff0c\u65f6\u7d27\u65f6\u677e\uff0c\u65f6\u800c<\/span>“<\/span>\u80e1\u841d\u535c<\/span>”<\/span>\uff0c\u65f6\u800c“\u5927\u68d2<\/span>”<\/span>\uff0c\u65f6\u800c“\u80e1\u841d\u535c”\u548c“\u5927\u68d2”\u540c\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u90fd\u6ca1\u7528\u8131\u51fa“\u5360\u9886<\/span>”<\/span>\u548c<\/span>”<\/span>\u6539\u9020<\/span>”<\/span>\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u662f\u4e92\u76f8\u8054\u7cfb\u3001\u4e92\u76f8\u5f3a\u5316\u7684\uff0c<\/span>”<\/span>\u5360\u9886”\u5de9\u56fa\u4e86\u624d\u80fd“\u6539\u9020”\uff0c“\u6539\u9020”\u540e\u53c8\u80fd\u5de9\u56fa\u548c\u7ef4\u6301“\u5360\u9886”\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u8fd9\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f<\/span>1950<\/span>\u5230<\/span>1959<\/span>\u5e74\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u7684<\/span>”<\/span>\u897f\u85cf\u653f\u7b56”\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u519b\u4e8b\u5360\u9886\u548c\u5de9\u56fa\u5360\u9886\u3002\u519b\u961f\u8fdb\u5165\u897f\u85cf\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5360\u9886\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u5165\u85cf\u7684\u5934\u51e0\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u5bf9\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u653f\u7b56\u662f“\u7edf\u6218”\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f“\u53d1\u52a8\u7fa4\u4f17”\u641e“\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89”\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5171\u5c1a\u672a\u5168\u9762\u5360\u9886\u897f\u85cf\uff0c\u53ea\u5360\u9886\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7acb\u8db3\u672a\u7a33\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u3001\u73ed\u7985\u5587\u561b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5676\u53a6\u653f\u5e9c\u9ad8\u5c42\u5b98\u5458\u7684\u7edf\u6218\u3001\u6566\u4fc3\u5676\u53a6\u653f\u5e9c\u6267\u884c“\u5341\u4e03\u6761\u534f\u8bae”\u3001\u63a8\u8fdf\u5bf9\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6539\u9020\uff0c“\u516d\u5e74\u4e0d\u6539”\u4e00\u7c7b\u7684\u8ba9\u6b65\u7b49\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5de9\u56fa\u519b\u4e8b\u5360\u9886\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u5341\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u662f\u4e2d\u5171\u6c11\u65cf\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u6027\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u5373\u4ece“\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u51b3\u6743”\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a<\/span>“<\/span>\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u6cbb\u6743<\/span>”<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4e2d\u5171\u5efa\u653f\u540e\uff0c\u4e3a\u4f55\u653e\u5f03\u8054\u90a6\u5236\u8f6c\u5411\u6c11\u65cf\u533a\u57df\u81ea\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f53\u5236\u5185\u5916\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4f46\u7f3a\u5c11\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u636e\u9996\u4efb\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u7edf\u6218\u90e8\u957f\u674e\u7ef4\u6c49\u56de\u5fc6\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u975e\u6c49\u6c11\u65cf\u7279\u70b9\u4e0e\u82cf\u8054\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u662f“\u5927\u5206\u6563\u3001\u5c0f\u805a\u5c45”\uff0c\u4f46\u76f8\u5173\u8d44\u6599\u76f8\u5f53\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u6709\u5173\u6587\u4ef6\u5c1a\u672a\u89e3\u5bc6\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4f46\u662f\uff0c<\/span> 1949\u5e749\u67087\u65e5\uff0c\u5468\u6069\u6765\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u6cbb\u534f\u5546\u4f1a\u8bae\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c4a\u5168\u4f53\u4f1a\u8bae\u53ec\u5f00\u524d\uff0c\u5411\u653f\u534f\u4ee3\u8868\u4eec\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u9898\u4e3a“\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u534f\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898”\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5468\u6069\u6765\u5bf9\u4ee3\u8868\u4eec\u4f5c\u51fa\u5982\u4e0b\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<\/span><\/font><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5236\u5ea6\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u591a\u6c11\u65cf\u8054\u90a6\u5236\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8d77\u8349\u65f6\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u63d0\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u8bf7\u5927\u5bb6\u8003\u8651\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u591a\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u6c49\u65cf\u5360\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u6700\u5927\u591a\u6570\uff0c\u6709\u56db\u4ebf\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff1b\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u6709\u8499\u65cf\u3001\u56de\u65cf\u3001\u85cf\u65cf\u3001\u7ef4\u543e\u5c14\u65cf\u3001\u82d7\u65cf\u3001\u5937\u65cf\u3014\uff12\uff17\uff15\u3015\u3001\u9ad8\u5c71\u65cf\u7b49\uff0c\u603b\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5230\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u5341\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4eba\u6570\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u5404\u6c11\u65cf\u95f4\u662f\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u3002\u9996\u5148\u662f\u6c49\u65cf\u5e94\u8be5\u5c0a\u91cd\u5176\u4ed6\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u98ce\u4fd7\u3001\u4e60\u60ef\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\u6c11\u65cf\u653f\u7b56\u662f\u4ee5\u81ea\u6cbb\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u8d85\u8fc7\u81ea\u6cbb\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e3b\u5f20\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u6cbb\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u9632\u6b62\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u5229\u7528\u6c11\u65cf\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u6311\u62e8\u79bb\u95f4\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u3002\u5982\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u897f\u85cf\u53ca\u65b0\u7586\u5357\u90e8\u7684\u9634\u8c0b\uff0c\u7f8e\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53f0\u6e7e\u53ca\u6d77\u5357\u5c9b\u7684\u9634\u8c0b\u3002\u4e0d\u9519\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u662f\u6709\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u5411\u662f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u9886\u571f\u4e4b\u5185\u3002\u6e05\u671d\u538b\u8feb\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u6ee1\u65cf\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u8fdb\u884c\u6b3a\u9a97\u548c\u5c60\u6740\u3002\u5317\u6d0b\u519b\u9600\u653f\u5e9c\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u53cd\u52a8\u653f\u5e9c\u66f4\u52a0\u6df1\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u6539\u53d8\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u628a\u5404\u6c11\u65cf\u56e2\u7ed3\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6311\u62e8\u5206\u5316\u3002<\/span>……

<\/span>\u4efb\u4f55\u6c11\u65cf\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u81ea\u51b3\u6743\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4eca\u5929\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u53c8\u60f3\u5206\u88c2\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u897f\u85cf\u3001\u53f0\u6e7e\u751a\u81f3\u65b0\u7586\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u5404\u6c11\u65cf\u4e0d\u8981\u542c\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u6311\u62e8\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u53eb\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u53eb\u8054\u90a6\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u5230\u4f1a\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u662f\u6c11\u65cf\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7279\u5730\u5411\u5927\u5bb6\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5e0c\u671b\u5927\u5bb6\u80fd\u540c\u610f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u89c1\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u8054\u90a6\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u4e3b\u5f20\u6c11\u65cf\u533a\u57df\u81ea\u6cbb\uff0c\u884c\u4f7f\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3002(\u300a\u5468\u6069\u6765\u7edf\u4e00\u6218\u7ebf\u6587\u9009\u300b139-140\u9875)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u8fd9\u6bb5\u8bdd\u53ef\u89c6\u4e3a\u5468\u6069\u6765\u4ee3\u8868\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u5bf9\u653e\u5f03“\u8054\u90a6\u5236”\u3001\u5c06“\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u51b3”\u53d8\u4e3a“\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u6cbb”\u8fd9\u4e00\u91cd\u5927\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u5176\u8981\u70b9\u662f\uff08<\/span>1\uff09\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u6c49\u65cf\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u9632\u6b62“\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u5229\u7528\u6c11\u65cf\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u6311\u62e8\u79bb\u95f4\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7edf\u4e00”\u3002\u524d\u8005\u4e3a\u653e\u5f03“\u8054\u90a6\u5236”\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4e3a\u5c06“\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u51b3\u6743”\u6539\u4e3a“\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u6cbb\u6743”\u7684\u7406\u7531<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/font><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u65e2\u7136\u6709\u6b64\u6539\u53d8\uff0c<\/span>“\u5eb7\u85cf\u4eba\u6c11\u5f7b\u5e95\u8131\u79bb\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u800c\u72ec\u7acb”\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u63d0\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u540e\u6765\u8fd8\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u539f\u59cb\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5220\u6539\u6765\u7be1\u6539\u5386\u53f2\u3002<\/span><\/font><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u91cd\u5927\u8f6c\u53d8\u53d1\u751f\u5728<\/span>1955\u5e74\u5e95\u548c1956\u5e74\u521d\u3002\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u5168\u56fd\u519c\u4e1a\u5408\u4f5c\u5316\u9ad8\u6f6e\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u51b3\u5b9a\u5728\u56db\u7701\u85cf\u533a\u5f00\u5c55\u4ee5\u571f\u6539\u548c\u5408\u4f5c\u5316\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u793e\u4f1a\u6539\u9020\u3002\u6539\u9020\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u66b4\u529b\u7684\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u8fc5\u901f\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u85cf\u4eba\u7684\u6fc0\u70c8\u53cd\u6297\u3002\u4e2d\u5171\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a“\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u6b66\u88c5\u53db\u4e71”\uff0c\u8c03\u52a8\u519b\u961f\u9547\u538b\uff0c\u571f\u6539\u6f14\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u573a\u76f8\u5f53\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u3002\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6211\u5728\u300a\u5f53\u94c1\u9e1f\u5728\u5929\u7a7a\u98de\u7fd4\uff1a1956-1962\u9752\u85cf\u9ad8\u539f\u4e0a\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u6218\u4e89\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u6709\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f53\u4e2d\u5171\u51b3\u5b9a“\u6c5f\u4e1c\uff08\u91d1\u6c99\u6c5f\u4ee5\u4e1c\uff09\u575a\u51b3\u6539”\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5374\u540c\u65f6\u51b3\u5b9a\u897f\u85cf“\u516d\u5e74\u4e0d\u6539”\uff0c\u91d1\u6c99\u6c5f\u4ee5\u4e1c\u6218\u706b\u7eb7\u98de\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u897f\u85cf\u5374\u5728\u5927\u540e\u64a4\u3002<\/span><\/font><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e2d\u5171\u5bf9\u897f\u85cf\u4e24\u5927\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u9488\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4“\u6539\u9020”\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8868\u5411\u540e\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u897f\u85cf\u52a0\u4ee5\u6539\u9020\u3002<\/span>1956\u5e7412\u6708\u7684\u8fd9\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u9884\u7559\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a“\u70b9”: \u5982\u679c\u897f\u85cf\u53d1\u751f“\u53db\u4e71”\uff0c\u6539\u9020\u5c31\u4f1a\u63d0\u524d\u30021959\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5728\u6b66\u660c\u5f97\u5230“\u62c9\u8428\u4e8b\u4ef6”\u7206\u53d1\u7684\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5bf9\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u603b\u53c2\u8c0b\u957f\u9ec4\u514b\u8bda\u8bf4“\u603b\u7b97\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u4e89\u53d6\u4e86\u4e3b\u52a8”\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u79bb“\u516d\u5e74\u4e0d\u6539”\u624d\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4e24\u5e74\u591a\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/font><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

<\/font><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a<\/span>1959-1976<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n

\u8fd9\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u662f\u4e2d\u5171\u4ee5\u6b66\u529b\u4e3a\u540e\u76fe\u5bf9\u897f\u85cf\u5b9e\u884c\u5168\u65b9\u4f4d\u6539\u9020\u7684\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

1.<\/span><\/font> <\/span><\/span><\/span>“<\/span>\u62c9\u8428\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/span>”<\/span>\u548c“\u62c9\u8428\u6218\u5f79”\u3002\u4e2d\u5171\u4ee5<\/span>1959<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>3<\/span>\u6708<\/span>10<\/span>\u65e5\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u85cf\u4eba\u6297\u8bae\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e3a\u7531\uff0c\u4ee5\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u897f\u85cf\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u5168\u9762\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6539\u9020\uff0c\u6240\u8c13“\u8fb9\u6253\u8fb9\u6539<\/span>”<\/span>\u3002\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u51fa\u8d70\u5370\u5ea6\uff0c<\/span>”17<\/span>\u6761\u534f\u8bae<\/span>”<\/span>\u88ab\u5e9f\u9664\uff0c\u5676\u53a6\u653f\u5e9c\u88ab\u89e3\u6563\uff0c\u897f\u85cf\u539f\u6709\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u519b\u961f\u3001\u8d27\u5e01\u3001\u90ae\u653f\u7b49\u5747\u88ab\u5e9f\u9664\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\u8fd8\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u573a<\/span>”<\/span>\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u8fd0\u52a8<\/span>”<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5c11\u6570\u88ab\u523b\u610f\u4fdd\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\u4ee5“\u6ee1\u8db3\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u9700\u8981”\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5bfa\u9662\u88ab\u5173\u95ed\u6216\u8005\u6467\u6bc1\uff0c\u5bfa\u9662\u8d22\u4ea7\u88ab\u6ca1\u6536\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

2.<\/span><\/font> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u897f\u85cf\u81ea\u6cbb\u533a\u6b63\u5f0f\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u867d\u6709\u81ea\u6cbb\u533a\u4e4b\u540d\uff0c\u4f46\u76f8\u5173\u653f\u7b56\u662f\u7531\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u76f4\u63a5\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u53ea\u80fd\u6267\u884c\u800c\u65e0\u51b3\u7b56\u6743\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64“\u81ea\u6cbb”\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u865a\u6709\u5176\u540d\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u897f\u85cf\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u884c\u7701\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

3.<\/span><\/font> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u897f\u85cf\u81ea\u6cbb\u533a\u6210\u7acb\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u6587\u9769\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u897f\u85cf\u4e5f\u5377\u5165\u6587\u9769\uff0c<\/span>1959-1962<\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u9020\u6210\u7684\u7834\u574f\u5c1a\u672a\u7f13\u89e3\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u53c8\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u5bf9\u897f\u85cf\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6ce2\u6467\u6bc1\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u7b2c\u56db\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a<\/span> 1980<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>–<\/span>\u81f3\u4eca<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n

\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u65f6\u671f\u3002<\/span> <\/span>\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u7684“\u897f\u85cf\u653f\u7b56”\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u8f6c\u6298\uff0c\u5c31\u662f<\/span>1980<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u80e1\u8000\u90a6\u4e3b\u653f\u65f6\u671f\u5bf9\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u7f13\u548c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a“\u7f13\u548c\u653f\u7b56<\/span>”<\/span>\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e00\u79cd“\u7ea0\u504f”\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48“\u7ea0\u504f<\/span>”<\/span>\uff1f<\/span>1970<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u6d3e\u4eba\u4e0e\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u7684\u54e5\u54e5\u5609\u4e50\u987f\u73e0\u63a5\u89e6\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\u5f00\u59cb\u89e3\u51bb\u3002<\/span>1979<\/span>\u5e74\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u6d3e\u51fa\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbf\u95ee\u56e2\u8d74\u85cf\uff0c\u6240\u5230\u4e4b\u5904\u53d7\u5230\u85cf\u4eba\u6781\u5176\u70ed\u5ff1\u7684\u6b22\u8fce\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u547c\u5524\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u8fd4\u56de\u897f\u85cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u5bf9\u4e2d\u5171\u662f\u4e2a\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ec8\u4e8e\u660e\u767d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u897f\u85cf\u7684“\u5360\u9886”\u6216\u8bb8\u662f\u6210\u529f\u7684\uff0c\u4f46“\u6539\u9020”\u5374\u662f\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u3002\u800c“\u6539\u9020”\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4ece\u957f\u8fdc\u6765\u770b\uff0c“\u5360\u9886<\/span>”<\/span>\u4e5f\u5c31\u5f88\u96be\u7ef4\u6301\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u6709\u4e86\u80e1\u8000\u90a6\u4eb2\u81ea\u8d74\u85cf\u8003\u5bdf\u3002\u4ece\u80e1\u8000\u90a6\u5728\u897f\u85cf\u8003\u5bdf\u65f6\u5bf9\u9a7b\u85cf\u5e72\u90e8\u7684\u8bb2\u8bdd\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u610f\u8bc6\u5230“\u897f\u85cf\u653f\u7b56”\u51fa\u4e86\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\u76f8\u5f53\u7cdf\u7cd5\uff0c\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6781\u7aef\u8d2b\u56f0\uff0c\u7adf\u7136\u4e0d\u5982\u4e2d\u5171\u5360\u9886\u4e4b\u524d\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u5ba3\u4f20\u4e2d\u88ab“\u89e3\u653e”\u7684<\/span>”<\/span>\u519c\u5974<\/span>”<\/span>\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u751f\u6d3b\u6bd4\u4ed6\u4eec\u672a\u88ab“\u89e3\u653e”\u4e4b\u524d\u8fd8\u5dee\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

1980<\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u897f\u85cf\u5de5\u4f5c\u5ea7\u8c08\u4f1a\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u53ec\u5f00\u7684\u3002\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217“\u7ea0\u504f”\u653f\u7b56\u4e5f\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u6bd4\u65b9\u8bf4<\/span>”<\/span>\u514d\u7a0e<\/span>”<\/span>\u8fd9\u9879\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4ece\u80e1\u8000\u90a6\u8bb2\u8bdd\u4e2d\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u5728\u897f\u85cf\u6781\u7aef\u8d2b\u7a77\u5316\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7a0e\u6536\u548c\u6295\u5165\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u6210\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u6536\u90a3\u4e48\u4e00\u70b9\u70b9\u7a0e\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u5e72\u8106\u514d\u7a0e\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u4e89\u53d6\u4eba\u5fc3\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4ece\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u5236\u5b9a“\u897f\u85cf\u653f\u7b56”\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u867d\u7136\u4ece<\/span>1950<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4f46<\/span>“<\/span>\u897f\u85cf\u5de5\u4f5c\u5ea7\u8c08\u4f1a<\/span>”<\/span>\u8fd9\u4e00\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u4ece\u80e1\u8000\u90a6\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7531\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u603b\u7406\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u5b98\u5458\u4e3b\u6301\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5ea7\u8c08\u4f1a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5236\u5b9a\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u7edf\u4e00\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002\u80e1\u8000\u90a6\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4ed6\u672c\u4eba\u4eb2\u81ea\u4e3b\u6301\u4e86\u4e24\u6b21\u897f\u85cf\u5de5\u4f5c\u5ea7\u8c08\u4f1a\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03“\u89e3\u653e\u601d\u60f3”\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u9a7b\u85cf\u5e72\u90e8\u4eec“\u4e0d\u8981\u62c5\u5fc3\u518d\u51fa\u73b0\u5927\u7684\u53db\u4e71”\u800c\u7f29\u624b\u7f29\u811a\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u6539\u5584\u6c11\u751f\uff0c\u90a3\u6bb5\u65f6\u671f\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u897f\u85cf\u6d41\u4ea1\u653f\u5e9c\u5f00\u59cb\u63a5\u89e6\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5141\u8bb8\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u8fd4\u56de\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5f00\u59cb\u671d\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u653f\u7b56\u6539\u53d8\u4e0d\u7ba1\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u591a\u4e48\u7ed9\u4eba\u4ee5\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u53ea\u662f“\u653f\u7b56”\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f“\u65b9\u9488”\u3002“\u5360\u9886”\u548c“\u6539\u9020”\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u9488\u5e76\u672a\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5728\u90a3\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c<\/span>“<\/span>\u897f\u85cf\u653f\u7b56<\/span>”<\/span>\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u51fa\u73b0\u672c\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217<\/span>“<\/span>\u7ea0\u504f<\/span>”<\/span>\u653f\u7b56\u8fd8\u53d7\u5230\u9a7b\u85cf\u5e72\u90e8\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u5165\u85cf\u5e72\u90e8\u7684\u62b5\u5236\u3002\u968f\u7740\u6574\u4e2a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u80e1\u8000\u90a6\u5931\u52bf\uff0c\u5230<\/span>1980<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u62c9\u8428\u53d1\u751f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21<\/span>”<\/span>\u62c9\u8428\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/span>“<\/span>\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u53d1\u751f\u5929\u5b89\u95e8\u6c11\u4e3b\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u4e0b\u53f0\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

1989<\/span>\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e1c\u6b27\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86“\u82cf\u4e1c\u6ce2<\/span>”<\/span>\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u7684<\/span>”<\/span>\u8001\u5927\u54e5”\u82cf\u8054\u51fa\u4e4e\u610f\u6599\u5730\u89e3\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u89e3\u4f53\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u662f\u4e09\u4e2a\u6ce2\u7f57\u7684\u6d77\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u575a\u51b3\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u968f\u540e\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e2d\u4e9a\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u8ddf\u8fdb\u72ec\u7acb\u3002\u5bf9\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u89e3\u4f53\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u76f8\u5f53\u8be6\u5c3d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u628a\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u89e3\u4f53\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u6208\u5c14\u5df4\u4e54\u592b\u7684“\u6539\u9769\u4e0e\u516c\u5f00\u6027”\u3002\u968f\u7740\u4e2d\u5171\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u8fc5\u901f\u8f6c\u5411\u4fdd\u5b88\u548c\u5f3a\u786c\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u653f\u7b56\u4e0a\u4e5f\u5b8c\u5168\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u80e1\u8d75\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5f00\u660e\u548c\u7f13\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u53cd\u6620\u5728<\/span>1994<\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u897f\u85cf\u5de5\u4f5c\u5ea7\u8c08\u4f1a\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u6b21\u5ea7\u8c08\u4f1a\u662f\u4e2d\u5171\u897f\u85cf\u653f\u7b56\u518d\u6b21\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u6027\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u897f\u85cf\u5de5\u4f5c\u5ea7\u8c08\u4f1a\u7531\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u603b\u7406\u674e\u9e4f\u4e3b\u6301\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\uff1a<\/span>“<\/span>\u4e00\u624b\u6293\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4e00\u624b\u6293\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e24\u624b\u90fd\u8981\u786c<\/span>“<\/span>\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c<\/span>”<\/span>\u80e1\u841d\u535c<\/span>“<\/span>\u8981\u52a0\u5927\uff0c<\/span>”<\/span>\u5927\u68d2<\/span>“<\/span>\u4e5f\u8981\u52a0\u5927\u3002<\/span>”<\/span>\u80e1\u841d\u535c<\/span>“<\/span>\u662f<\/span>”<\/span>\u6b63\u5f0f\u786e\u5b9a<\/span>“<\/span>\u5bf9\u53e3\u63f4\u85cf<\/span>”<\/span>\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u628a\u4e2d\u592e\u8d22\u653f\u7684\u8d1f\u62c5\u8f6c\u5ac1\u7ed9\u5404\u7701\u3002<\/span>“<\/span>\u5927\u68d2<\/span>”<\/span>\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u636e\u91c7\u8bbf\u77e5\u60c5\u4eba\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u897f\u85cf\u5de5\u4f5c\u5ea7\u8c08\u4f1a\u4e0a\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e0d\u8ba9\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u8fd4\u56de\u897f\u85cf\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171<\/span>”<\/span>\u897f\u85cf\u653f\u7b56“\u8f6c\u5411\u5f3a\u786c\uff0c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u7ba1\u51fa\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\uff0c\u77db\u5934\u90fd\u5bf9\u51c6\u5883\u5916\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u5931\u8d25\u5f00\u8131\u548c\u514d\u8d23\u3002\u4ece\u90a3\u4ee5\u540e\u5230\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u6765\u7684\u4e2d\u5171\u897f\u85cf\u653f\u7b56\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u5ef6\u7eed\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u897f\u85cf\u5de5\u4f5c\u5ea7\u8c08\u4f1a\u5ba3\u5e03\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u518d\u548c\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u5b9e\u8d28\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u4e0e\u8c08\u5224\uff0c\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4<\/span>“<\/span>\u897f\u85cf\u95ee\u9898<\/span>”<\/span>\uff0c\u53ea\u627f\u8ba4<\/span>“<\/span>\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u5730\u4f4d\u95ee\u9898<\/span>”<\/span>\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6\u62d6\u5ef6\u653f\u7b56\u6765\u963b\u6321\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u8fd4\u85cf\uff0c\u671f\u671b<\/span>“<\/span>\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u6ca1\u6709\u4e86\uff0c\u897f\u85cf\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u81ea\u52a8\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86<\/span>”<\/span>\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u91c7\u7528\u5f3a\u786c\u9547\u538b\u6765\u9632\u6b62\u897f\u85cf\u5206\u79bb\u3002<\/span>“<\/span>\u53cd\u5206\u88c2<\/span>”<\/span>\u548c<\/span>“<\/span>\u7ef4\u7a33<\/span>”<\/span>\u6210\u4e86\u4e2d\u5171<\/span>“<\/span>\u897f\u85cf\u653f\u7b56<\/span>”<\/span>\u7684\u4e3b\u65cb\u5f8b\uff0c\u897f\u85cf\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86“\u6539\u9020<\/span>–<\/span>\u53cd\u6297<\/span>–<\/span>\u9547\u538b”\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u3002<\/span>

<\/span>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a“\u6539\u9020<\/span>–<\/span>\u53cd\u6297<\/span>–<\/span>\u9547\u538b”\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u5468\u671f\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u77ed\uff0c\u70c8\u5ea6\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4ece\u897f\u85cf\u8513\u5ef6\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u85cf\u533a\uff0c<\/span>2008<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u897f\u85cf\u81ea\u6cbb\u533a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a<\/span>”<\/span>\u56db\u7701\u4e00\u533a<\/span>”<\/span>\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u4f20\u7edf\u85cf\u533a\u90fd\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u5171\u5efa\u653f\u548c\u6b66\u88c5\u5360\u9886\u897f\u85cf<\/span>60<\/span>\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u4e2d\u5171\u5f00\u59cb\u660e\u767d\uff0c<\/span>“<\/span>\u897f\u85cf\u653f\u7b56<\/span>”<\/span>\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u897f\u85cf\u81ea\u6cbb\u533a\u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u5728<\/span>2010<\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u7b2c\u4e94\u6b21\u897f\u85cf\u5de5\u4f5c\u5ea7\u8c08\u4f1a\u4e2d\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u56db\u7701\u85cf\u533a\u4e5f\u7eb3\u5165\u897f\u85cf\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u897f\u85cf\u7684“\u80e1\u841d\u535c”\u548c“\u5927\u68d2”\u73b0\u5728\u4e5f\u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u4f20\u7edf\u85cf\u533a\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

<\/div>\r\n

\u7531\u4e8e“\u7ef4\u7a33”\u601d\u8def\u81ea\u7136\u6392\u65a5\u4e86\u4e0e\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u5bf9\u8bdd\u548c\u8c08\u5224\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u4e0d\u518d\u4e0e\u85cf\u6c11\u65cf\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002\u5c06\u85cf\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u9886\u8896\u6392\u65a5\u5728\u5916\u7684\u6240\u8c13<\/span>“<\/span>\u63f4\u85cf<\/span>”<\/span>\u3001“\u53d1\u5c55”\u3001“\u5efa\u8bbe”\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u7f13\u89e3\u85cf\u533a\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u85cf\u533a\u5371\u673a\u56db\u4f0f\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

<\/div>\r\n

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