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    \u80e1\u3001\u9648\u3001\u4f59\u2014\u2014\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u4e09\u91cd\u9547
    
    
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    \u5c31\u53f2\u5b66\u8c31\u7cfb\u548c\u64b0\u8ff0\u673a\u7f18\u8bba\uff0c\u4f59\u5148\u751f\u81ea1958\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u300a\u9648\u5bc5\u606a\u5148\u751f\u8bba\u518d\u751f\u7f18\u4e66\u540e\u300b\uff0c\u4e00\u53d1\u4e0d\u53ef\u6536\uff0c\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6709\u5173\u9648\u5148\u751f\u7684\u8bba\u8457\u5982\u300a\u9648\u5bc5\u606a\u665a\u5e74\u8bd7\u6587\u91ca\u8bc1\u300b\u6570\u79cd\uff0c\u98ce\u4f20\u6d77\u5185\u5916\uff0c\u9042\u4e0e\u8457\u540d\u53f2\u5bb6\u9648\u5bc5\u606a\u7ed3\u4e0b\u4e86\u56db\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u4e0d\u89e3\u4e4b\u7f18\uff0c\u5bc5\u606a\u5148\u751f\u5728\u4e16\u65f6\u4ea6\u79f0\u201c\u4f5c\u8005\u77e5\u6211\u201d\u3002\u8bba\u5176\u7cbe\u795e\u4e4b\u76f8\u901a\uff0c\u8bba\u5176\u5b66\u672f\u7684\u8c28\u4e25\u3001\u6df1\u9083\u548c\u521b\u9020\u6027\uff0c\u4f59\u5148\u751f\u5f53\u4e4b\u65e0\u6127\u662f\u9648\u5bc5\u606a\u5b66\u672f\u7684\u201c\u540e\u4e16\u76f8\u77e5\u8005\u548c\u4f20\u627f\u8005\u201d\u3002\u4f59\u82f1\u65f6\u6240\u5904\u4e4b\u4e16\uff0c\u4e0e\u9648\u5bc5\u606a\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u5929\u5d29\u5730\u88c2\uff0c\u9677\u5165\u6df1\u91cd\u5371\u673a\uff1b\u4f20\u7edf\u4ef7\u503c\u5316\u6210\u6e38\u9b42\uff0c\u65e0\u6240\u9644\u4e3d\uff1b\u4e2d\u56fd\u77e5\u8bc6\u4eba\u906d\u9047\u53f2\u65e0\u524d\u4f8b\u7684\u66b4\u653f\uff0c\u8eab\u5bb6\u6027\u547d\u65e0\u5904\u5b89\u987f\u3002\u4f59\u5148\u751f\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6587\u5316\u88c2\u53d8\u54ea\u4e00\u5239\u90a3\u95f4\uff081950\u5e74\uff09\u51fa\u4ea1\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u65b0\u4e9a\u4e66\u9662\u94b1\u7a46\u5148\u751f\u718f\u9676\u4e0b\uff0c\u627f\u7ee7\u6587\u5316\u8863\u94b5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u660e\u62db\u9b42\u4e3a\u5fd7\u4e1a\uff0c\u5fc3\u7cfb\u5386\u53f2\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u6587\u5316\u6258\u547d\u4eba\u3002\u4f59\u82f1\u65f6\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u9648\u5bc5\u606a\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u548c\u5b88\u62a4\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u653f\u6743\u6467\u6bc1\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u660e\u7684\u6ed4\u5929\u6d2a\u6c34\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u5916\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u5185\uff0c\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\u548c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5728\u4e25\u8083\u5730\u5ba1\u89c6\u548c\u8bc4\u5224\u7740\u5317\u4eac\u653f\u6743\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ee3\u6587\u5316\u7acb\u8a00\u7acb\u5fb7\uff0c\u4ee3\u5386\u53f2\u7acb\u8a00\u7acb\u5fb7\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u4e86\u5176\u8eab\u5904\u4e4b\u4e16\u534e\u590f\u6587\u5316\u8870\u5fae\u7684\u60b2\u5267\u6027\u8f68\u8ff9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u53ef\u6b4c\u53ef\u6ce3\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5ba1\u5224\uff0c\u8c61\u5f81\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f53\u4ee3\u5bf9\u5cd9\u3002
    
    \u6211\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4f59\u82f1\u65f6\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4e0e\u80e1\u9002\u3001\u9648\u5bc5\u606a\u8fd9\u4e24\u4f4d\u5927\u5e08\u6bd4\u80a9\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u660e\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u5b66\u672f\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u91cd\u9547\uff0c\u4e09\u5cf0\u9f0e\u7acb\uff0c\u5404\u6210\u6c14\u8c61\u3002
    
    \u6982\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5728\u201c\u5f15\u9886\u98ce\u6c14\u3001\u5f00\u8f9f\u8a00\u8def\u3001\u63d0\u643a\u540e\u5b66\u201d\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4f59\u82f1\u65f6\u4e00\u8109\u76f8\u627f\u4e8e\u80e1\u9002\u3002\u5728\u201c\u6587\u5316\u5b88\u6210\u3001\u5b66\u672f\u6df1\u5ea6\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u53d1\u73b0\u201d\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4f59\u82f1\u65f6\u53c8\u76f4\u63a5\u8d53\u7eed\u4e8e\u9648\u5bc5\u606a\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u5bb9\u6211\u76f4\u8a00\uff0c\u50cf\u80e1\u3001\u9648\u3001\u4f59 \u8fd9\u6837\u5728\u6587\u660e\u4ea4\u66ff\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u7855\u679c\u4ec5\u5b58\u7684\u5927\u5e08\uff0c\u5df2\u6210\u7edd\u54cd\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u4e00\u6bb5\u7279\u6b8a\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u4eba\u6587\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u5728\u76f8\u5f53\u957f\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u671f\u5185\uff0c\u6050\u6015\u5c06\u518d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u590d\u89c1\u4e8e\u56fd\u4e2d\u4e86\u3002
    
    
    \u53cd\u6781\u6743\u7684\u98ce\u5e06
    
    
    \u4f59\u5148\u751f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u7eaf\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6258\u547d\u4eba\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u516c\u5171\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e76\u4e0d\u8bb3\u8a00\u81ea\u5df1\u5bf9\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5173\u6000\u3002\u4ed6\u867d\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u6295\u8eab\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u4f46\u9762\u5bf9\u516c\u5171\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u4ed6\u7edd\u4e0d\u56de\u907f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u633a\u8eab\u800c\u51fa\uff0c\u5766\u7387\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u6177\u6168\u9648\u8a00\uff0c\u52c7\u4e8e\u9053\u4e49\u62c5\u5f53\u30021989\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u53d1\u751f\u5929\u5b89\u95e8\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f59\u5148\u751f\u60b2\u6124\u4e4b\u4f59\uff0c\u5148\u662f\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u53d1\u8d77\u58f0\u63f4\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u520a\u767b\u5168\u7248\u5e7f\u544a\uff0c\u516c\u5f00\u652f\u6301\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u516d\u56db\u5c60\u57ce\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e2d\u56fd\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u88ab\u8feb\u6d41\u4ea1\u6d77\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u4ed7\u4e49\u51fa\u624b\uff0c\u5954\u8d70\u7b79\u63aa\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4f4d\u666e\u5927\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u6821\u8463\u7ea6\u7ff0.\u57c3\u7565\u7279\uff08John Elliott\uff09\u7684\u6177\u6168\u89e3\u56ca\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f59\u5148\u751f\u521b\u7acb\u4e86\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u793e\uff08Princeton China Initiative\uff09\uff0c\u4eb2\u81ea\u6311\u9009\u548c\u5ef6\u63fd\u4e86\u4e8c\u5341\u591a\u4f4d\u5b66\u8005\u4e8e\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u7ee7\u7eed\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e9a\u7eed\u6587\u5316\u547d\u8109\u3002\u5728\u56fd\u8fd0\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5371\u96be\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u4f59\u5148\u751f\u6b64\u4e3e\uff0c\u5fb7\u914d\u5148\u8d24\uff0c\u4e49\u8584\u4e91\u5929\uff0c\u52bf\u5c06\u8f7d\u5165\u53f2\u518c\u3002
    
    \u5728\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\uff0c\u5f53\u5e74\u90e8\u5206\u5b66\u4eba\u4ee5\u53ca\u88ab\u5317\u4eac\u901a\u7f09\u7684\u524d\u6539\u9769\u6d3e\u5b98\u5458\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5728\u5b66\u793e\u5185\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u5199\u4f5c\uff0c\u5728\u5b66\u793e\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u4ece\u4e8b\u4e00\u4e9b\u653f\u6cbb\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u521b\u7acb\u667a\u5e93\u7c7b\u7684\u673a\u6784\u751a\u81f3\u653f\u6cbb\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7b49\u3002\u6709\u9274\u4e8e\u4f59\u5148\u751f\u5728\u6d77\u5185\u5916\u77e5\u8bc6\u754c\u7684\u5d07\u9ad8\u58f0\u671b\u4e0e\u53f7\u53ec\u529b\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u7eb7\u7eb7\u8bf7\u4ed6\u51fa\u9762\uff0c\u501f\u91cd\u4ed6\u7684\u6e05\u540d\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u4f59\u5148\u751f\u786e\u662f\u9f0e\u529b\u652f\u6301\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u6302\u540d\u62c5\u4efb\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u5b66\u672f\u53ca\u54a8\u8be2\u673a\u6784\uff08\u9664\u653f\u6cbb\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5916\uff09\u7684\u65e0\u62a5\u916c\u540d\u8854\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u516d\u56db\u4f59\u75db\u72b9\u5b58\u7684\u65e5\u65e5\u591c\u591c\u91cc\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc3\u5fe7\u5929\u4e0b\u7684\u516c\u5171\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u732e\u51fa\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u5927\u91cf\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7cbe\u529b\uff0c\u503e\u529b\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4e1a\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f4d\u7eaf\u7cb9\u5b66\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u6781\u4e3a\u6e05\u9192\u3002\u4ed6\u6df1\u77e5\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u754c\u9650\u3001\u672c\u5206\u4e0e\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u8bb0\u5f97\u6211\u66fe\u542c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u6211\u8d23\u65e0\u65c1\u8d37\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u51fa\u9762\u652f\u6301\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u3002\u5018\u82e5\u67d0\u4e00\u5929\u4e2d\u56fd\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\uff08\u4eec\uff09\u56de\u56fd\u4e86\uff0c\u62c5\u4efb\u4e86\u8981\u804c\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u4e86\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u6211\u51b3\u4e0d\u4f1a\u518d\u53bb\u627e\u4ed6\uff08\u4eec\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u5f70\u663e\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5766\u8361\u7eaf\u51c0\u7684\u4e66\u751f\u672c\u8272\uff0c\u662f\u8d85\u7136\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u895f\u6000\u3002
    
    \u5982\u679c\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f59\u82f1\u65f6\u4e0e\u80e1\u9002\u3001\u9648\u5bc5\u606a\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e24\u4ee3\u5b66\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u5173\u6000\u4e0a\uff0c\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5171\u901a\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u8109\u7edc\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u6297\u51fb\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u4e86\u3002
    
    \u80e1\u9002\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u8fdc\u89c1\u5353\u8bc6\uff0c\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\u3002\u4e2d\u5171\u5728\u5efa\u653f\u4e4b\u521d\u5c31\u66fe\u6380\u8d77\u4e00\u573a\u201c\u6279\u80e1\u9002\u201d\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u9002\u8db3\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u80e1\u9002\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6d1e\u89c1\u529b\u4e0e\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u6700\u6709\u529b\u7684\u4f50\u8bc1\u3002
    
    \u9648\u5bc5\u606a\u5bf9\u4e2d\u5171\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u4e5f\u65e5\u76ca\u6e05\u6670\u4e86\u3002\u4f59\u5148\u751f\u7684\u300a\u9648\u5bc5\u606a\u665a\u5e74\u8bd7\u6587\u91ca\u8bc1\u300b\u4f5c\u4e86\u6700\u4e3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u9610\u91ca\uff0c\u800c1995\u5e74\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u9648\u5bc5\u606a\u7684\u6700\u540e20\u5e74\u300b\u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u8bc1\u636e\u3002
    
    \u4f59\u82f1\u65f6\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u66f4\u662f\u662d\u7136\u5929\u4e0b\u3002\u4ed6\u81ea\u4ece1950\u5e74\u79bb\u5f00\u6545\u56fd\uff0c\u76f4\u52301978\u5e74\u5341\u6708\uff0c\u4ed6\u7387\u9886\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b98\u65b9\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u8bbf\u95ee\u56e2\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\uff0c\u201c\u542c\u5230\u4e86\u65e0\u6570\u60ca\u5fc3\u52a8\u9b44\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u201d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u4ed6\u518d\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u8e0f\u4e0a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u653f\u8bba\u6027\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u73b0\u72b6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u654f\u9510\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e0e\u5c16\u9510\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u3002
    
    \u6709\u8bba\u8005\u4e8e\u662f\u60cb\u60dc\u4f59\u5148\u751f\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5018\u82e5\u4ed6\u8fdc\u79bb\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u5018\u82e5\u4ed6\u53cd\u5bf9\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7acb\u573a\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u672b\u9c9c\u660e\uff0c\u62d2\u8fd4\u5927\u9646\u7684\u59ff\u6001\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u6837\u5f3a\u786c\uff0c\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e0d\u95ee\u4eba\u95f4\u4fd7\u4e8b\u7684\u7eaf\u4e66\u658b\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u95ee\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u7eaf\u6587\u5316\u4eba\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u6587\u5316\u4e0a\u5c06\u6709\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u521b\u83b7\u548c\u53d1\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u5f53\u6709\u66f4\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6bcf\u5f53\u4f59\u5148\u751f\u98ce\u95fb\u8fd9\u7c7b\u8bba\u8c03\u65f6\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u6de1\u6de1\u4e00\u7b11\uff0c\u61d2\u4e0e\u7f6e\u8fa9\uff0c\u6211\u884c\u6211\u7d20\u3002
    
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