{"id":44065,"date":"2014-12-10T00:56:00","date_gmt":"2014-12-10T00:56:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:10081\/?p=44065 "},"modified":"2014-12-10T00:56:00","modified_gmt":"2014-12-10T00:56:00","slug":"44065-revision-v1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/?p=44065","title":{"rendered":"\u674e\u9149\u6f6d:\u592a\u967d\u82b1\u5b78\u904b\u5c0d\u65bc\u81fa\u7063\u653f\u6cbb\u767c\u5c55\u8207\u5169\u5cb8\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u5f71\u97ff"},"content":{"rendered":"

\uff08\u53c2\u4e0e2014\u5e7412\u67089\u65e5\u8baf\uff09<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u6309\uff1a\u81fa\u7063\u570b\u7acb\u653f\u6cbb\u5927\u5b78\u570b\u5bb6\u767c\u5c55\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u6559\u6388\u517c\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u9662\u526f\u9662\u9577\u674e\u9149\u8b5a\u5148\u751f\u5728\u300a\u592a\u967d\u82b1\u5b78\u904b\u5c0d\u65bc\u81fa\u7063\u653f\u6cbb\u767c\u5c55\u8207\u5169\u5cb8\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f9e\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u4f86\u89c0\u5bdf\u81fa\u7063\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u56de\u9867\u4e86\u81fa\u7063\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8f49\u578b\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u592a\u967d\u82b1\u5b78\u904b\u7684\u7279\u8272\u3001\u5c0d\u81fa\u7063\u793e\u6703\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u5169\u5cb8\u95dc\u7cfb\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/span>2014\u5e74<\/span>11\u6708\u521d\u4ed6\u5728\u6155\u5c3c\u9ed1\u4e2d\u570b\u5927\u8b8a\u9769\u7b56\u7565\u7814\u8a0e\u6703\u4e0a\u95e1\u8ff0\u4e86\u9019\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u7684\u8981\u9818\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u5171\u9e23\u548c\u71b1\u8b70\u3002\u4ed6\u9084\u4ee5\u8774\u8776\u6548\u61c9\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u70ba\u793e\u6703\u8b8a\u9769\u767c\u63ee\u91cd\u5927\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u6211\u5011\u76e1\u529b\u800c\u70ba\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u5920\u63a8\u52d5\u9999\u6e2f\u548c\u4e2d\u570b\u5927\u9678\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u4ee5\u53ca\u7e41\u69ae\u9032\u6b65\u3002\u9019\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u5f88\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u8b80\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u592a\u967d\u82b1\u5b78\u904b\u5c0d\u65bc\u81fa\u7063\u653f\u6cbb\u767c\u5c55\u8207\u5169\u5cb8\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u5f71\u97ff<\/span><\/p>

\u674e\u9149\u6f6d<\/span><\/p>

\u570b\u7acb\u653f\u6cbb\u5927\u5b78\u570b\u5bb6\u767c\u5c55\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u6559\u6388\u517c\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u9662\u526f\u9662\u9577<\/span><\/p>

\u58f9\u3001   <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u6c11\u4e3b\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\uff1a\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>

\u3000\u3000\u5728\u8a55\u4f30\u4e00\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u9054\u6210\u6c11\u4e3b\u978f\u56fa\u7684\u968e\u6bb5\u6642\uff0c\u88ab\u5b78\u8005\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u6a19\u6e96\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u793e\u6703\u7684\u591a\u6578\u516c\u6c11\u76f8\u4fe1\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u6b63\u7576\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u76f8\u4fe1\u5118\u7ba1\u6c11\u4e3b\u6216\u8a31\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u500b\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u76f8\u5c0d\u4e0a\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\uff08<\/span>Linz & Stepan<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1996<\/span>\uff1a<\/span>5-6<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u82e5\u50c5\u9760\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6b63\u7576\u6027\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u7121\u6cd5\u78ba\u4fdd\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5ef6\u7e8c\uff0c\u66f4\u9700\u8981\u516c\u6c11\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u6301\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u8207\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6301\u6709\u5206\u6b67\u610f\u898b\u7684\u4eba\u5011\u9858\u610f\u63a5\u53d7\u5171\u540c\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\uff09\u4f86\u89e3\u6c7a\u7d1b\u722d\uff0c\u8b93\u6c11\u4e3b\u5f97\u4ee5\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5c31\u66fe\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u6c11\u4e3b\u904b\u4f5c\u8207\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u8207\u614b\u5ea6\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u60f3\u8981\u7dad\u6301\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\u7a69\u5b9a\u8207\u6301\u7e8c\u4e26\u9054\u5230\u978f\u56fa\uff0c\u66f4\u70ba\u95dc\u9375\u7684\u9084\u662f\u80fd\u5426\u5c07\u50f9\u503c\u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u900f\u904e\u89c0\u5bdf\u4e00\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u5247\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u77ad\u89e3\u5176\u5be6\u8e10\u6c11\u4e3b\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u662f\u73fe\u4ee3\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u80fd\u5426\u9806\u5229\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\u95dc\u9375\uff0c\u5176\u5b58\u5728\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u95dc\u5fc3\u516c\u5171\u4e8b\u52d9\uff0c\u91cd\u8996\u653f\u6cbb\u53c3\u8207\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u4ee5\u96c6\u9ad4\u7d50\u793e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f71\u97ff\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u65bd\u653f\u3002\u5065\u5168\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u5c07\u6703\u7522\u751f\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4fc3\u6210\u793e\u6703\u8207\u570b\u5bb6\u9032\u884c\u826f\u6027\u4e92\u52d5\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u4e0d\u65b7\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u4e92\u88dc\u8207\u76f8\u4e92\u5236\u8861\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u826f\u6027\u5faa\u74b0\u6a5f\u5236\uff08\u6c5f\u660e\u4fee\u3001\u6797\u7165\u7b19\uff0c<\/span>2011<\/span>\uff1a<\/span>193<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u6210\u719f\u3001\u6d3b\u8e8d\u8207\u5f37\u5065\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u978f\u56fa\u53ca\u570b\u5bb6\u7a69\u5b9a\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u81f3\u65bc\u5982\u4f55\u89c0\u5bdf\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u7684\u73fe\u6cc1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5617\u8a66\u5f9e\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u5916\u5728\u8868\u73fe\u7684\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u4f86\u8457\u624b\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u8cb3\u3001   <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u81fa\u7063\u7d93\u9a57\uff1a\u5f9e\u91ce\u767e\u5408\u5230\u592a\u967d\u82b1<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>

\u4ee5\u81fa\u7063\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u591a\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u53d7\u5230\u5371\u5bb3\u7684\u7fa4\u9ad4\u56e0\u5176\u89aa\u8eab\u7d93\u9a57\u800c\u6700\u5148\u53c3\u8207\u6297\u722d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u610f\u8b58\u300d\uff08\u856d\u65b0\u714c\uff0c<\/span>1988<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u8f03\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u9650\u5236\u65bc\u5730\u7406\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u4e14\u5f80\u5f80\u6703\u88ab\u8cbc\u4e0a\u300c\u9130\u907f\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\uff08<\/span>Nimbyism<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u6a19\u7c64\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u7121\u6cd5\u865f\u53ec\u66f4\u591a\u4eba\u7684\u540c\u60c5\u8207\u652f\u6301\uff08<\/span>Rabe<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1994<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u793e\u6703\u7684\u8b8a\u9077\u8207\u516c\u6c11\u7d20\u990a\u7684\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u8a34\u6c42\u6709\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u591a\u6d89\u53ca\u4e86\u70ba\u4e0d\u76f8\u5e72\u7684\u4ed6\u4eba\u722d\u53d6\u6b0a\u5229\u4e4b\u8209\u52d5\uff0c\u5177\u5099\u300c\u653f\u6cbb\u5229\u4ed6\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\uff08<\/span>political altruism<\/span>\uff09\u4e4b\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u4e0d\u662f\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u7684\u9130\u907f\u62b5\u6297\uff0c\u4e14\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u662f\u9858\u610f\u70ba\u4e86\u53d7\u5a01\u8105\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u800c\u4e3b\u52d5\u4ed8\u51fa\u4ee3\u50f9\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u7121\u95dc\u9ee8\u6d3e\u7acb\u5834\u3002\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u81fa\u7063\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u5df2\u7d93\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u767c\u5c55\u76ca\u8da8\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u4e14\u5177\u5099\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5f97\u4ee5\u5c07\u8b93\u6c11\u4e3b\u6301\u7e8c\u7a69\u5b9a\u767c\u5c55\u4e26\u9054\u5230\u978f\u56fa\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u8207\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u800c\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u81ea\u767c\u7684\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4e5f\u626e\u6f14\u8457\u5c0d\u4e00\u570b\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u8f49\u6369\u9ede\u4e4b\u95dc\u9375\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u5c31\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u56db\u500b\u7279\u9ede\uff0c\u5373\u6c11\u9593\u6027\u3001\u81ea\u9858\u6027\u3001\u7368\u7acb\u81ea\u6cbb\u6027\u3001\u975e\u71df\u5229\u6027\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e86\u5b83\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u662f\u5c0d\u6975\u6b0a\u6216\u4e00\u822c\u5a01\u6b0a\u653f\u6b0a\u7684\u5c0d\u6297\u3002\u5c31\u50cf<\/span>1990<\/span>\u5e74\u767c\u751f\u7684\u91ce\u767e\u5408\u5b78\u751f\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u53ef\u8b02\u898b\u8b49\u4e86\u81fa\u7063\u8d70\u5411\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u7684\u6539\u9769\u4e4b\u8def<\/span>\u3002<\/span>\u7576\u6642\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u4e4b\u300c\u5ba3\u5e03\u7d42\u6b62\u52d5\u54e1\u6221\u4e82\u6642\u671f\u3001\u5ee2\u9664\u81e8\u6642\u689d\u6b3e\u3001\u89e3\u6563\u570b\u6c11\u5927\u6703\u3001\u53ec\u958b\u570b\u662f\u6703\u8b70\u300d\u7b49\u56db\u5927\u8a34\u6c42\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u975c\u5750\u793a\u5a01\u4ee5\u53ca\u6297\u8b70\u898f\u6a21\u7684\u64f4\u5927\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u652f\u6301\u6b64\u6b21\u904b\u52d5\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u5171\u540c\u5fc3\u8072\uff08\u66fe\u5efa\u5143\uff0c<\/span>2002<\/span>\uff1a<\/span>203-204<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u70ba\u7576\u6642\u6240\u6709\u652f\u6301\u61b2\u653f\u6539\u9769\u793e\u6703\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u4ee3\u8a00\u4eba\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u767c\u751f\u5728\u5929\u5b89\u9580\u6c11\u904b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9694\u5e74\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u77e5\u8b58\u754c\u547c\u7c72\u653f\u5e9c\u7576\u5c40\u61c9\u4ee5\u516d\u56db\u70ba\u501f\u93e1\uff0c\u6545\u5728\u674e\u767b\u8f1d\u9806\u5229\u7576\u9078\u7e3d\u7d71\u5f8c\uff0c\u4fbf\u7acb\u5373\u63a5\u898b\u5b78\u751f\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u540c\u610f\u53ec\u958b\u570b\u662f\u6703\u8b70\u6aa2\u8a0e\u52d5\u54e1\u6221\u4e82\u9ad4\u5236\u554f\u984c\uff08\u4f55\u91d1\u5c71\u3001\u5b98\u9d3b\u5fd7\u3001\u5f35\u9e97\u4f3d\u3001\u90ed\u627f\u555f\uff0c<\/span>1990<\/span>\uff1a<\/span>69-84<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u8aaa\u6b64\u6b21\u904b\u52d5\u662f\u5e6b\u4e86\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\u4e00\u500b\u5927\u5fd9\uff0c\u5e6b\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\u89e3\u6c7a\u6389\u5df2\u7d93\u6210\u70ba\u6c11\u4e3b\u6539\u9769\u969c\u7919\u7684\u4e00\u5c46\u570b\u5927\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u58d3\u8feb\u4e00\u5c46\u570b\u5927\u7121\u6cd5\u9032\u884c\u53cd\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u3008\u81e8\u6642\u689d\u6b3e\u3009\u7684\u7b2c\u4e94\u6b21\u4fee\u6b63\uff08\u66fe\u5efa\u5143\uff0c<\/span>2005<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>76<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u6b64\u6b21\u904b\u52d5\u4e26\u975e\u81fa\u7063\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f49\u578b\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6027\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u662f\u5728\u95dc\u9375\u6642\u523b\u885d\u7834\u5a01\u6b0a\u9ad4\u5236\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u9053\u9632\u7dda\u7684\u52a9\u529b\uff0c\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u5f71\u97ff\u53ef\u898b\u4e00\u6591\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u800c\u6b64\u6b21\u7684<\/span>318<\/span>\u592a\u967d\u82b1\u5b78\u904b\uff0c\u5176\u4e0d\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u5834\u5177\u6709\u5229\u4ed6\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u8d85\u8d8a\u653f\u9ee8\u6d3e\u5225\u7279\u8272\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u4eba\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5e36\u982d\u7d44\u7e54\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u662f\u5177\u5099\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7af6\u722d\u529b\u7684\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u537b\u504f\u504f\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u53ef\u80fd\u906d\u53d7\u5230\u76f4\u63a5\u885d\u64ca\u7684\u7522\u696d\u4eba\u58eb\u3002\u6839\u64da\u5f8c\u7e8c\u7684\u8abf\u67e5\u7814\u7a76\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u8aaa\u6cd5\u67d0\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u5f97\u5230\u9a57\u8b49\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u7684\u7d44\u6210\u4e2d\u5c6c\u65bc\u516c\u7acb\u3001\u83c1\u82f1\u3001\u91cd\u8996\u57fa\u790e\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u7d9c\u5408\u578b\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u5176\u53c3\u8207\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u78ba\u9060\u9ad8\u65bc\u4ed6\u8005\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4f86\u81ea\u5404\u884c\u5404\u696d\u7684\u793e\u6703\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u5834\u5e36\u8457\u9ede\u83c1\u82f1\u6027\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u7576\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5ee3\u6cdb\u6027\uff0c\u5c07\u4e4b\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u5834\u5168\u6c11\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u7d55\u4e0d\u70ba\u904e<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u4e0d\u50c5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5176\u66f4\u662f\u4e00\u5834\u540c\u6642\u5177\u5099\u9ad8\u5ea6\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u300c\u516c\u6c11\u6297\u547d\u300d\uff08<\/span>civil disobedience<\/span>\uff09\u884c\u52d5\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u8457\u540d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6<\/span>John Rawls<\/span>\u6240\u5206\u6790\u7684\uff0c\u6b64\u6b21\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u4e26\u975e\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u9769\u547d\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ee5\u516c\u6c11\uff08<\/span>citizen<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u81ea\u5c45\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e8b\u6297\u547d\u6240\u53cd\u5c0d\u7684\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u6b64\u4e00\u653f\u6cbb\u9ad4\u5236\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e0d\u516c\u7fa9\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u653f\u7b56\u6216\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u627f\u8a8d\u6240\u8655\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u9ad4\u5236\uff1b\u4e14\u96d6\u7136\u662f\u9055\u6cd5\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u4ecd\u5177\u5099\u5c0d\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u5fe0\u8aa0\uff08<\/span>fidelity to law<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6297\u547d\u8005\u4ee5\u516c\u958b\u548c\u975e\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u6295\u8a34\u6216\u6307\u63a7\u4e0d\u516c\u7fa9\u4e4b\u4e8b\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u8868\u73fe\u5728\u65bc\u4ed6\u5011\u9858\u610f\u63a5\u53d7\u56e0\u6b64\u884c\u52d5\u800c\u5e36\u4f86\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5211\u7f70\u7684\u5f8c\u679c\uff08<\/span>Rawls<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1977<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u6b21\u904b\u52d5\u5373\u9ad4\u73fe\u4e86\u5b78\u751f\u5c0d\u6c11\u4e3b\u5012\u9000\u3001\u5a01\u6b0a\u5fa9\u8fd4\u7684\u6fc0\u70c8\u6297\u722d\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u53c3\u3001   <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u592a\u967d\u82b1\u5b78\u904b\u7684\u7279\u8272\u8207\u5f8c\u7e8c\u5f71\u97ff<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>

\u592a\u967d\u82b1\u5b78\u904b\u7684\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u548c\u5176\u5584\u7528\u8cc7\u901a\u6280\u8853\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7121\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<\/span>\u8cc7\u8a0a\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u7279\u8cea\u662f\u80fd\u5feb\u901f\u8655\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6578\u4f4d\u5316\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3001\u8fc5\u901f\u50b3\u9001\u4ea4\u63db\u8cc7\u6599\uff08<\/span>Castells<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1996<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u64c1\u6709\u5373\u6642\u9001\u9054\u3001\u5927\u91cf\u50b3\u905e\u3001\u65b9\u4fbf\u8f49\u5bc4\u3001\u4e92\u52d5\u6027\u5f37\u7684\u5a92\u4ecb\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5728\u806f\u7e6b\u52d5\u54e1\u3001\u8490\u96c6\u8cc7\u6599\u3001\u78ba\u8a8d\u91cd\u8981\u8b70\u984c\u3001\u5f62\u6210\u5171\u8b58\u3001\u767c\u5c55\u884c\u52d5\u8a08\u756b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u5916\u722d\u53d6\u540c\u60c5\u652f\u6301\u7b49\u5c64\u9762\u4e0a\u767c\u63ee\u4e86\u50b3\u7d71\u5a92\u9ad4\u6240\u6c92\u6709\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u6548\u7387\uff08\u6797\u9db4\u73b2\u3001\u912d\u9678\u9716\uff0c<\/span>2001<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u7279\u8272\u548c\u50b3\u7d71\u50b3\u64ad\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u65e5\u76ca\u96c6\u4e2d\u65bc\u5c11\u6578\u4eba\u4e4b\u624b\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\u5168\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\uff08<\/span>Weston<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1997<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u5728\u5b78\u904b\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u5e73\u7248\u96fb\u8166\u9032\u884c\u73fe\u5834\u7db2\u8def\u76f4\u64ad\uff1b\u5411\u4e2d\u83ef\u96fb\u4fe1\u79df\u4f86\u5bec\u983b\u4e0a\u7db2\u8a2d\u5099\uff1b\u7d93\u7531\u7db2\u7ad9\u52df\u8cc7\u5e73\u81fa\u96c6\u8cc7\u5728\u570b\u5167\u5916\u520a\u767b\u5927\u5e45\u5ee3\u544a\uff1b\u5411<\/span>CNN<\/span>\u7684<\/span>iReport<\/span>\u516c\u6c11\u65b0\u805e\u9032\u884c\u570b\u969b\u50b3\u64ad\uff1b\u81fa\u5927\u65b0\u805e\u6240<\/span>E<\/span>\u8ad6\u58c7\u5229\u7528\u81c9\u66f8\u793e\u7fa4\uff0c\u6bcf\u5929\u5831\u5c0e\u6d3b\u52d5\u9032\u5ea6\u548c\u63d0\u4f9b\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u7db2\u8def\u50b3\u64ad\uff0c\u90fd\u8b93\u4f9d\u8cf4\u50b3\u7d71\u5a92\u9ad4\u638c\u63a7\u8f3f\u8ad6\u7684\u638c\u6b0a\u8005\u7bc0\u7bc0\u6557\u9000\uff0c<\/span>\u638c\u6b0a\u8005\u5df2\u9010\u6f38\u5931\u53bb\u904e\u5f80\u300c\u8cc7\u8a0a\u4e0d\u5c0d\u7a31\u300d\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u512a\u52e2\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u5404\u7a2e\u91cd\u5927\u8a0a\u606f\u6703\u5728\u77ed\u6642\u9593\u5167\u6563\u5e03\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u7372\u77e5\u8a0a\u606f\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u4e5f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u77ed\u6642\u9593\u5167\u5f62\u6210\u7d44\u7e54\u4e26\u53c3\u8207\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u9664\u4e86\u5c0d\u65b0\u5a92\u9ad4\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6b64\u6b21\u5b78\u904b\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5f71\u97ff\u7121\u9060\u5f17\u5c46\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u8272\u5c31\u662f\u5e7e\u4e4e\u5168\u6c11\u53c3\u8207\u3002\u5b78\u751f\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6574\u5834\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u9084\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u8033\u719f\u80fd\u8a73\u7684\u9ed1\u8272\u5cf6\u570b\u9752\u5e74\u7d44\u7e54\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u8fb2\u6751\u9663\u7dda\u3001\u516c\u6295\u8b77\u81fa\u7063\u806f\u76df\u3001\u5730\u7403\u516c\u6c11\u5354\u6703\u3001\u81fa\u7063\u4eba\u6b0a\u4fc3\u9032\u6703\u3001\u516c\u6c11\u76e3\u7763\u570b\u6703\u806f\u76df\u3001\u516c\u6c11<\/span>1985<\/span>\u806f\u76df\u3001<\/span>g0v.tw <\/span>\u81fa\u7063\u96f6\u6642\u653f\u5e9c\u3001<\/span>133<\/span>\u61b2\u6cd5\u806f\u76df\u7b49\u7b49\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u81fa\u7063\u6240\u6709\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u7d44\u7e54\u90fd\u52d5\u54e1\u8d77\u4f86\u4e86\uff1b\u800c\u8a31\u591a\u5728\u91ce\u767e\u5408\u3001\u91ce\u8349\u8393\u5b78\u904b\u4e2d\u7684\u8981\u89d2\uff0c\u4e5f\u90fd\u5728\u9019\u6b21\u6d3b\u52d5\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u516c\u6c11\u77e5\u8b58\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u50b3\u627f\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u518d\u8005\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6538\u95dc\u6b0a\u529b\u8207\u5229\u76ca\u5206\u914d\u7684\u8b70\u6703\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8ffd\u6c42\u81ea\u6211\u8a8d\u540c\u8207\u793e\u7fa4\u5171\u5584\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u653f\u6cbb\u3002\u6545\u5728\u516c\u6c11\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5c0d\u65bc\u653f\u5ba2\u7319\u7370\u9762\u76ee\u7684\u5bb9\u5fcd\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u516c\u6c11\u81ea\u8eab\u5c0d\u65bc\u516c\u5171\u4e8b\u52d9\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u6b78\u5c6c\u611f\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u5c0d\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u95dc\u61f7\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u7dad\u7e6b\u8457\u793e\u7fa4\u547d\u904b\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u7fa9\u52d9\u3002\u800c\u5728\u9019\u5834\u904b\u52d5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u5206\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u7acb\u6cd5\u9662\u3001\u884c\u653f\u9662\u8207\u6821\u5712\u81ea\u4e3b\u7f77\u8ab2\u6d3b\u52d5\u4e2d\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u5011\uff0c\u53ef\u8aaa\u6b63\u5728\u66ff\u81fa\u7063\u793e\u6703\u5f62\u5851\u4e26\u5be6\u8e10\u4e09\u7a2e\u6c11\u4e3b\u50f9\u503c\uff1a\u61b2\u653f\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u6fc0\u9032\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u4e3b\u6b0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5be9\u8b70\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u793e\u7fa4\u5171\u5584\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u592a\u967d\u82b1\u5b78\u904b\u5c0d\u65bc\u81fa\u7063\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u767c\u5c55\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u6df1\u9060\u5f71\u97ff\u9084\u4e0d\u50c5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6b77\u7d93\u6b64\u6b21\u904b\u52d5\u5f8c\uff0c\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u5e74\u8f15\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u5fc5\u9808\u5c07\u516c\u6c11\u529b\u91cf\u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u53c3\u8207\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u6539\u8b8a\u81fa\u7063\u7684\u73fe\u6cc1\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u958b\u59cb\u6e96\u5099\u6295\u5165\u57fa\u5c64\u9078\u8209\uff0c\u7ffb\u8f49\u653f\u6cbb\u6587\u5316\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u6709\u4eba\u547c\u7c72\u9752\u5e74\u6295\u5165\u653f\u6cbb\u53c3\u8207\uff0c\u4f46\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u6b77\u7d93\u4e86\u516c\u6c11\u904b\u52d5\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u8b93\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u767c\u89ba\u82e5\u4e0d\u5c07\u516c\u6c11\u529b\u91cf\u5e36\u9032\u653f\u6cbb\u5834\u57df\uff0c\u5247\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u53ea\u662f\u7a7a\u8ac7\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u63a8\u52d5\u9752\u5e74\u8207\u4e00\u822c\u6c11\u773e\u53c3\u8207\u57fa\u5c64\u9078\u8209\u7684\u5718\u9ad4\u5305\u62ec\u6c11\u9032\u9ee8\u300c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5c0f\u8349\u300d\u8a08\u756b\u3001\u81fa\u806f\u8207\u798f\u723e\u6469\u9bca\u6703\u793e\u7684\u300c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u81ea\u5df1\u6551\uff0c\u9b25\u9663\u9078\u91cc\u9577\u300d\u6d3b\u52d5\u3001\u90e8\u5206\u5b78\u904b\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u767c\u8d77\u7684\u300c\u9752\u5e74\u4f54\u9818\u653f\u6cbb\u300d\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u81fa\u7063\u7a2e\u5b50\u6587\u5316\u5354\u6703\u7b49\u5718\u9ad4\u6240\u4e3b\u6301\u7684\u300c\u5927\u5bb6\u4f86\u9078\u6751\u91cc\u9577\u300d\u7b49\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u672c\u6b21\u904b\u52d5\u4e5f\u8b93\u66f4\u591a\u4eba\u958b\u59cb\u91cd\u8996\u5230\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u904b\u4f5c\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u53c3\u9078\u7684\u5e74\u9f61\u9580\u6abb\u9650\u5236\u662f\u5426\u6070\u7576\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u9019\u4e5f\u610f\u5473\u8457\u81fa\u7063\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u958b\u59cb\u8a8d\u77e5\u5230\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\u5149\u6709\u9078\u8209\u662f\u4e0d\u8db3\u5920\u7684\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u53c3\u8207\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u5728\u975e\u9078\u8209\u671f\u9593\u4e5f\u80fd\u96a8\u6642\u76e3\u7763\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4e0d\u7576\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e26\u8ab2\u4ee5\u653f\u6cbb\u8cac\u4efb\uff0c\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6c11\u773e\u6c7a\u4e0d\u80fd\u6eff\u8db3\u65bc\u53ea\u662f\u300c\u7528\u9078\u7968\u6559\u8a13\u653f\u5ba2\u300d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba<\/span>\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u4e5f\u7121\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u7531\u5e7e\u5e74\u624d\u80fd\u8f2a\u5230\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u9078\u8209\u5b8c\u5168\u6db5\u84cb\u3002\u800c\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u548c\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u5728\u80fd\u5920\u6709\u6548\u53c3\u653f\u8b70\u653f\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u4fdd\u969c\u548c\u5be6\u73fe\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u57fa\u65bc\u91cd\u5927\u516c\u5171\u8b70\u984c\u7684\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u6c11\u773e\u6297\u722d\uff0c\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u9632\u7bc4\u5b98\u50da\u9677\u9631\u3001\u5f37\u5316\u5be6\u8cea\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u662f\u6240\u6709\u8ffd\u6c42\u76e1\u53ef\u80fd\u5be6\u73fe\u5ee3\u7fa9\u6c11\u4e3b\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u793e\u6703\u90fd\u5fc5\u9808\u6089\u5fc3\u4fdd\u8b77\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u592a\u967d\u82b1\u5b78\u904b\u7684\u767c\u751f\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u5f8c\u7e8c\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u73fe\u4ee3\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u516c\u5171\u53c3\u8207\u70ba\u672c\u7684\u666e\u4e16\u9032\u6b65\u50f9\u503c\u5728\u81fa\u7063\u767c\u751f\u6548\u529b\u7684\u4f8b\u8b49\uff0c\u66f4\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\uf98a\uf97e\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u8207\u6297\u8861\uff0c\u70ba\u570b\u5bb6\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\ufa01\u904b\u4f5c\uf967\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u4e00\u74b0\uff08\u675c\u6587\u82d3\uff0c<\/span>2007<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u592a\u967d\u82b1\u5b78\u904b\u7684\u7206\u767c\u4e43\u662f\u5c0d\u65bc\u99ac\u82f1\u4e5d\u7e3d\u7d71\u57f7\u653f\u4efb\u5167\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u5176\u5c0d\u65bc\u672a\u4f86\u653f\u5c40\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f<\/span>2014<\/span>\u5e74\u5e74\u5e95\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u6027\u9078\u8209\uff0c\u6216<\/span>2016<\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u7e3d\u7d71\u8207\u570b\u6703\u7684\u9078\u8209\uff0c\u6b63\u503c\u5f97\u5927\u5bb6\u5bc6\u5207\u5730\u89c0\u5bdf\u3002\u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u7d93\u904e<\/span>2000<\/span>\u8207<\/span>2008<\/span>\u5e74\u7e3d\u7d71\u9078\u8209\u7684\u5169\u6b21\u653f\u9ee8\u8f2a\u66ff\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u81fa\u7063\u5df2\u9054\u6210\u6c11\u4e3b\u978f\u56fa\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\uff08\u53c3\u8003<\/span>Huntington<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1991<\/span>\uff1a<\/span>266-267<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5be6\u90a3\u53ea\u662f\u884c\u653f\u6b0a\u7684\u8f2a\u66ff\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u88ab\u6b78\u985e\u70ba\u534a\u7e3d\u7d71\u5236\uff08\u96d9\u9996\u9577\u5236\uff09\u7684\u81fa\u7063\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u570b\u6703\u5f9e\u672a\u8f2a\u66ff\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u81fa\u7063\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u9032\u7a0b\u5c1a\u672a\u6210\u719f\u7684\u8c61\u5fb5\u3002\u672a\u4f86\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f<\/span>2016<\/span>\u3001<\/span>2020<\/span>\u6216<\/span>2024<\/span>\uff0c\u6bcf\u56db\u5e74\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u5927\u9078\uff0c\u7686\u662f\u543e\u4eba\u89c0\u5bdf\u81fa\u7063\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u9032\u7a0b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6642\u523b\u3002\u800c\u7dad\u6301\u81ea\u7531\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0d\u80fd\u5012\u9000\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u543e\u4eba\u6aa2\u9a57\u4efb\u4f55\u57f7\u653f\u8005\u653f\u7e3e\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u6307\u6a19\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u8086\u3001   <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5c0d\u5169\u5cb8\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u5f71\u97ff<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>

\u5f9e\u6b64\u6b21\u5b78\u904b\u7684\u8a34\u6c42\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u6c42\u653f\u5e9c\u5236\u8a02\u5408\u7406\u7684\u5169\u5cb8\u5354\u8b70\u76e3\u7763\u6a5f\u5236\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u516c\u6c11<\/span>\u95dc\u5fc3\u7684\u9762\u5411\u5df2\u7d93\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u4fb7\u9650\u65bc\u55ae\u4e00\u3001\u5730\u65b9\u6027\u8cea\u7684\u793e\u6703\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u66f4\u6703\u4e3b\u52d5\u53bb\u95dc\u61f7\u591a\u5143\u3001\u570b\u5bb6\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u8b70\u984c\u3002\u7121\u7368\u6709\u5076\uff0c<\/span>\u674e\u51e1\uff08<\/span>2011<\/span>\uff09\u4ea6\u66fe\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u8207\u5176\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u614b\u52e2\u4e5f\u76f8\u7576\u84ec\u52c3\uff0c\u5176\u5c0d\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u4e5f\u96a8\u4e4b\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002<\/span>\u9019\u8868\u793a\u5728\u5169\u5cb8\u95dc\u4fc2\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u5df2\u7136\u626e\u6f14\u4e86\u8209\u8db3\u8f15\u91cd\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u8981\u843d\u5be6\u5169\u5cb8\u672a\u4f86\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u4e92\u5229\u5171\u8d0f\uff0c\u9019\u4e43\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u53ef\u8f15\u8996\u8207\u7e5e\u904e\u7684\u9762\u5411\u3002\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u5169\u5cb8\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u4e2d\u5171\u7576\u5c40\u8ddf\u99ac\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u6216\u662f\u7d05\u85cd\u7da0\u4e09\u500b\u653f\u9ee8\u8aaa\u4e86\u7b97\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u8b93\u81fa\u7063\u793e\u6703\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c3\u8207\u548c\u76e3\u7763\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u662f\u6545\uff0c<\/span>\u5c0d\u65bc\u5169\u5cb8\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u800c\u8a00\uff0c<\/span>\u81fa\u7063\u7684\u671d\u91ce\u653f\u9ee8\u53ca\u4e2d\u570b\u7576\u5c40\u90fd\u61c9\u8a72\u4ee5\u66f4\u8b19\u5351\u4e14\u5c0a\u91cd\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u4f86\u8655\u7406\u5169\u5cb8\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u8207\u5169\u5cb8\u5354\u8b70\u7684\u8655\u7406\u3001\u7c3d\u8a02\u8207\u5be9\u67e5\uff1b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u61c9\u7576\u8b93\u5169\u908a\u7684\u653f\u9ee8\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u58df\u65b7\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u5169\u5cb8\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u61c9\u7576\u4e3b\u52d5\u5730\uff0c\u7368\u7acb\u65bc\u653f\u9ee8\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u4e4b\u5916\u5730\u958b\u59cb\u5c0d\u8a71\u8207\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u5169\u5cb8\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u61c9\u7576\u5275\u9020\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u78ba\u4fdd\u5169\u5cb8\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u80fd\u5920\u76f8\u4e92\u5c0d\u8a71\u548c\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002\u610f\u5373<\/span>\u5169\u5cb8\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e0d\u662f\u53ea\u6709\u653f\u5e9c\u8207\u653f\u5e9c\u6216\u653f\u9ee8\u8207\u653f\u9ee8\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5169\u5cb8\u4eba\u6c11\u624d\u662f\u4e3b\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u61c9\u5efa\u7acb\u66f4\u7e41\u8907\u5168\u9762\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u7ba1\u9053\uff1b\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u61c9\u7576<\/span>\u6b63\u8996\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u4e26\u4ee5\u4e4b\u4f5c\u70ba\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u51fa\u767c\u9ede\u3002<\/span>\u9019\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u7b46\u8005\u4e0d\u65b7\u5f37\u8abf\u8207\u63d0\u5021\u7684\uff1a\u300c\u5c0a\u91cd\u516c\u6c11\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u8868\u9054\u8207\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u5169\u5cb8\u4e4b\u9593\u5f97\u4ee5\u548c\u5e73\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u4e0d\u4e8c\u6cd5\u9580\u3002\u300d<\/span><\/p>

\u4f0d\u3001   <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u672a\u4f86\u5c55\u671b\uff1a\u81fa\u7063\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u8207\u6c11\u4e3b\u54c1\u8cea\u7684\u63d0\u5347<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>

\u99ac\u82f1\u4e5d<\/span>2008<\/span>\u5e74\u7576\u9078\u7e3d\u7d71\uff0c\u5ba3\u5e03\u300c\u5168\u9762\u57f7\u653f\u3001\u5168\u9762\u8ca0\u8cac\u300d\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u537b\u5728\u7576\u5e74\u5e74\u5e95\u5c31\u56e0\u70ba\u9673\u96f2\u6797\u8a2a\u81fa\u722d\u8b70\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u91ce\u8349\u8393\u5b78\u904b\uff0c\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u5f71\u97ff\u4e4b\u4e00\u4e43\u662f\u8857\u982d\u89e3\u56b4\uff0c\u5373\u8981\u6c42\u7acb\u6cd5\u9662\u4fee\u6539\u9650\u7e2e\u4eba\u6c11\u6b0a\u5229\u7684\u300c\u96c6\u6703\u904a\u884c\u6cd5\u300d\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u5c64\u51fa\u4e0d\u7aae\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f8b\u5982\u5927\u57d4\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3001\u53cd\u5a92\u9ad4\u58df\u65b7\u904b\u52d5\u3001\u767d\u886b\u8ecd\u904b\u52d5\u3001\u53cd\u6838\u5927\u904a\u884c\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u767d\u886b\u8ecd\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u5728\u51f1\u9054\u683c\u862d\u5927\u9053\u96c6\u7d50\u4e86\u8d85\u8d8a\u85cd\u7da0\u8207\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684<\/span>25<\/span>\u842c\u4eba\uff0c\u81ea\u52d5\u81ea\u767c\u4e00\u8d77\u8072\u63f4\u6210\u529f\u5927\u5b78\u7562\u696d\u7684\u7fa9\u52d9\u5f79\u58eb\u5b98\u6d2a\u4ef2\u4e18\uff0c\u65bc\u5176\u5373\u5c07\u9000\u4f0d\u4e4b\u969b\u537b\u56e0\u7d30\u6545\u800c\u88ab\u51cc\u8650\u81f4\u6b7b\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u8a72\u904b\u52d5\u900f\u904e\u7db2\u8def\u767c\u8d77\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u9818\u8896\u8207\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u537b\u80fd\u5920\u81ea\u5f8b\u5730\u96c6\u7d50\u8207\u96e2\u53bb\uff0c\u4e26\u5e36\u8d70\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u5783\u573e\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u5c55\u73fe\u4e86\u9ad8\u898f\u683c\u3001\u9ad8\u7d20\u8cea\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u9019\u5c0d\u5f8c\u4f86\u7684\u592a\u967d\u82b1\u5b78\u904b\u5e36\u4f86\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u8207\u555f\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u592a\u967d\u82b1\u5b78\u904b\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53c3\u8207\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u4e5f\u81ea\u767c\u6027\u5730\u7d44\u7e54\u4e26\u7dad\u6301\u5834\u5167\u5916\u7684\u6e05\u6f54\u8207\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u4e0d\u50c5\u5728\u7acb\u6cd5\u9662\u524d\u9762\u7684<\/span>23<\/span>\u5929\u96c6\u6703\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b9a\u6642\u5b9a\u9ede\u6709\u4eba\u505a\u8cc7\u6e90\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\uff0c\u4e14<\/span>3<\/span>\u6708<\/span>30<\/span>\u865f<\/span>50<\/span>\u842c\u4eba\u96c6\u7d50\u7684\u51f1\u9054\u683c\u862d\u5927\u9053\uff0c\u5728\u5b78\u904b\u9818\u8896\u6797\u98db\u5e06\u5ba3\u5e03\u6563\u6703\u6642\uff0c<\/span>30<\/span>\u5206\u9418\u5167\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7fa4\u773e\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e95\u7136\u5730\u9000\u51fa\u5ee3\u5834\uff0c\u4e0d\u5728\u73fe\u5834\u7559\u4e0b\u4efb\u4f55\u5783\u573e\uff0c\u5c55\u73fe\u4eba\u6c11\u71b1\u611b\u9019\u584a\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u4e5f\u986f\u898b\u81fa\u7063\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u7684\u6210\u719f\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u9ad8\u7d20\u8cea\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u904b\u52d5\u525b\u597d\u7b26\u5408\u6c11\u4e3b\u978f\u56fa\u7684\u7a4d\u6975\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u5373\u6c11\u4e3b\u6df1\u5316\u8207\u6c11\u4e3b\u54c1\u8cea\u7684\u63d0\u5347\uff08<\/span>Schedler<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1998<\/span>\uff1a<\/span>91-107<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u81fa\u7063\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u7684\u9032\u7a0b\u5e36\u4f86\u6a02\u89c0\u3001\u7a4d\u6975\u8207\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>

<\/a>\u6c5f\u660e\u4fee\u3001\u6797\u7165\u7b19\uff0c<\/span>2011<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>\u300c\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u4e4b\u767c\u5c55\u8207\u81fa\u7063\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u300d\uff0c\u6536\u9304\u65bc\u5468\u80b2\u4ec1\u3001\u8b1d\u6587\u714c\u7de8\uff0c\u81fa\u7063\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u8207\u610f\u6db5<\/strong>\uff0c\u81fa\u5317\uff1a\u4e94\u5357\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u4f55\u91d1\u5c71\u3001\u5b98\u9d3b\u5fd7\u3001\u5f35\u9e97\u4f3d\u3001\u90ed\u627f\u555f\uff0c<\/span>1990<\/span>\uff0c\u81fa\u5317\u5b78\u904b<\/strong><\/span>──<\/span><\/strong>1990.3.16-3.22<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u81fa\u5317\uff1a\u6642\u5831\u6587\u5316\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>

\u674e\u51e1\uff0c<\/span>2011<\/span>\uff0c\u98a8\u8d77\u96f2\u6e67\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u6b0a\u904b\u52d5<\/strong>\uff0c\u65b0\u7af9\uff1a\u6e05\u83ef\u5927\u5b78\u7576\u4ee3\u4e2d\u570b\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u675c\u6587\u82d3\uff0c<\/span>2007<\/span>\uff0c\u5be9\u8b70\u6c11\u4e3b\u8207\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\uff1a\u6c11\u9593\u5718\u9ad4\u7c4c\u8fa6\u65b0\u7af9\u79d1\u5b78\u5712\u5340\u5b9c\u862d\u57fa\u5730\u516c\u6c11\u6703\u8b70\u7684\u555f\u767c\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u884c\u653f\u5b78\u5831<\/strong>\uff0c<\/span>\u7b2c<\/span>23<\/span>\u671f\uff0c\u9801<\/span>67-93<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u6797\u9db4\u73b2\u3001\u912d\u9678\u9716\uff0c<\/span>2001<\/span>\uff0c\u81fa\u7063\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u7db2\u8def\u7d93\u9a57\uff1a\u4e00\u500b\u63a2\u7d22\u6027\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u81fa\u7063\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u520a<\/strong>\uff0c<\/span>\u7b2c<\/span>25<\/span>\u671f\uff0c\u9801<\/span>111-156<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u66fe\u5efa\u5143\uff0c<\/span>2002<\/span>\uff0c\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u96f6\u5e74\u4ee3\u81fa\u7063\u61b2\u653f\u6539\u9769\u4e4b\u7814\u7a76<\/strong><\/span>──<\/span><\/strong>\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f49\u578b\u7684\u89c0\u9ede<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u81fa\u5317\uff1a\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u570b\u5bb6\u767c\u5c55\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u535a\u58eb\u8ad6\u6587\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u66fe\u5efa\u5143\uff0c<\/span>2005<\/span>\uff0c\u52d5\u54e1\u6221\u4e82\u6642\u671f\u81fa\u7063\u61b2\u6cd5\u8b8a\u9077\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u52d5\u529b\uff0c\u4e2d\u83ef\u4eba\u6587\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u5831\uff0c\u7b2c<\/span>2<\/span>\u671f\uff0c\u9801<\/span>40-83<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u856d\u65b0\u714c\uff0c<\/span>1988<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>70<\/span><\/strong>\u5e74\u4ee3\u53cd\u6c61\u67d3\u81ea\u529b\u6551\u6fdf\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u8207\u904e\u7a0b\u5206\u6790<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u81fa\u5317\uff1a\u884c\u653f\u9662\u74b0\u4fdd\u7f72\u3002<\/span><\/p>

Castclls, M. (1996).The Rise of The Network Society<\/span>. Oxford: Blackwell.<\/span><\/p>

Diamond, L. J. (1994). Political Culture and Democracy in Developing Countries<\/span>. Boulder: Lynne Rienner.<\/span><\/p>

Huntington, S. P. (1991). The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century<\/span>. Norman and London: University of Oklahoma Press.<\/span><\/p>

Linz, J. J. & Stepan, A. C. (1996). Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation: Southern Europe, Southern America, and Post-Communist Europe<\/span>. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.<\/span><\/p>

Rabe, B. G. (1994). Beyond nimby: Hazardous waste siting in Canada and the United States<\/span>. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.<\/span><\/p>

Rawls, J. (1977). A Theory of Justice<\/span>. Boston, M.A.: Harvard University Press.<\/span><\/p>

Schedler, A. (1998). “What is Democratic Consolidation?” Journal of Democracy<\/span>, 9(2), 91-107.<\/span><\/p>

Weston, J. (1997). “Old Freedoms and New Technologies: The Evolution of Community Networking,” Information Society<\/span>, 13(2), 195-201.<\/span><\/p>

\u9644\u9304\uff1a\u81fa\u7063\u81ea\u7531\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6b77\u5e74\u8b8a\u5316<\/span><\/p>

\u81fa\u7063<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

\u5e74\u4ee3<\/span><\/p><\/td>

\u653f\u6cbb\u6b0a\u5229<\/span><\/p><\/td>

\u516c\u6c11\u81ea\u7531<\/span><\/p><\/td>

\u72c0\u614b<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

1972-76<\/span><\/p><\/td>

6<\/span><\/p><\/td>

5<\/span><\/p><\/td>

\u4e0d\u81ea\u7531<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

1976-77<\/span><\/p><\/td>

5<\/span><\/p><\/td>

5<\/span><\/p><\/td>

\u90e8\u5206\u81ea\u7531<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

1977-79<\/span><\/p><\/td>

5<\/span><\/p><\/td>

4<\/span><\/p><\/td>

\u90e8\u5206\u81ea\u7531<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

1979-80<\/span><\/p><\/td>

5<\/span><\/p><\/td>

5<\/span><\/p><\/td>

\u90e8\u5206\u81ea\u7531<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

1980-81<\/span><\/p><\/td>

5<\/span><\/p><\/td>

6<\/span><\/p><\/td>

\u90e8\u5206\u81ea\u7531<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

1981-87<\/span><\/p><\/td>

5<\/span><\/p><\/td>

5<\/span><\/p><\/td>

\u90e8\u5206\u81ea\u7531<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

1987-88<\/span><\/p><\/td>

5<\/span><\/p><\/td>

4<\/span><\/p><\/td>

\u90e8\u5206\u81ea\u7531<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

1988-89<\/span><\/p><\/td>

5<\/span><\/p><\/td>

3<\/span><\/p><\/td>

\u90e8\u5206\u81ea\u7531<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

1989-90<\/span><\/p><\/td>

4<\/span><\/p><\/td>

3<\/span><\/p><\/td>

\u90e8\u5206\u81ea\u7531<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

1990-91<\/span><\/p><\/td>

3<\/span><\/p><\/td>

3<\/span><\/p><\/td>

\u90e8\u5206\u81ea\u7531<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

1991-92<\/span><\/p><\/td>

5<\/span><\/p><\/td>

5<\/span><\/p><\/td>

\u90e8\u5206\u81ea\u7531<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

1992-93<\/span><\/p><\/td>

3<\/span><\/p><\/td>

3<\/span><\/p><\/td>

\u90e8\u5206\u81ea\u7531<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

1993-94<\/span><\/p><\/td>

4<\/span><\/p><\/td>

4<\/span><\/p><\/td>

\u90e8\u5206\u81ea\u7531<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

1994-96<\/span><\/p><\/td>

3<\/span><\/p><\/td>

3<\/span><\/p><\/td>

\u90e8\u5206\u81ea\u7531<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

1996-98<\/span><\/p><\/td>

2<\/span><\/p><\/td>

2<\/span><\/p><\/td>

\u81ea\u7531<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

1998-00<\/span><\/p><\/td>

2<\/span><\/p><\/td>

2<\/span><\/p><\/td>

\u81ea\u7531<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

2000-02<\/span><\/p><\/td>

1<\/span><\/p><\/td>

2<\/span><\/p><\/td>

\u81ea\u7531<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

2002-04<\/span><\/p><\/td>

2<\/span><\/p><\/td>

2<\/span><\/p><\/td>

\u81ea\u7531<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

2004-05<\/span><\/p><\/td>

2<\/span><\/p><\/td>

1<\/span><\/p><\/td>

\u81ea\u7531<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

2005-06<\/span><\/p><\/td>

1<\/span><\/p><\/td>

1<\/span><\/p><\/td>

\u81ea\u7531<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

2006-07<\/span><\/p><\/td>

2<\/span><\/p><\/td>

1<\/span><\/p><\/td>

\u81ea\u7531<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

2007-08<\/span><\/p><\/td>

2<\/span><\/p><\/td>

1<\/span><\/p><\/td>

\u81ea\u7531<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

2008-09<\/span><\/p><\/td>

2<\/span><\/p><\/td>

1<\/span><\/p><\/td>

\u81ea\u7531<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

2009-10<\/span><\/p><\/td>

1<\/span><\/p><\/td>

2<\/span><\/p><\/td>

\u81ea\u7531<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

2010-14<\/span><\/p><\/td>

1<\/span><\/p><\/td>

2<\/span><\/p><\/td>

\u81ea\u7531<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\uff08\u53c2\u4e0e2014\u5e7412\u67089\u65e5\u8baf\uff09\u6309\uff1a\u81fa\u7063\u570b\u7acb\u653f\u6cbb\u5927\u5b78\u570b\u5bb6\u767c\u5c55\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u6559\u6388\u517c\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u9662\u526f\u9662\u9577\u674e\u9149\u8b5a\u5148\u751f\u5728\u300a\u592a\u967d\u82b1\u5b78\u904b […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-44065","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-issues","category-first","et-doesnt-have-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44065","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=44065"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44065\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=44065"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=44065"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=44065"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}