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\u8fd9\u79cd\u300c\u4ece\u524d\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4e3b\u4e49\u8f6c\u578b\u5230\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u300d\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u518d\u7ecfJoseph R. Levenson\u7684\u63a8\u9610\u6da6\u9970\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u897f\u65b9\u6c49\u5b66\u754c\u89e3\u91ca\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5178\u8303\uff0c\u8fc4\u4eca\u72b9\u5c45\u4e8e\u4e3b\u5bfc\u6027\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5730\u4f4d\u30024\u867d\u7136\uff0c\u9646\u7eed\u4ecd\u6709\u90e8\u4efd\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u6b64\u89e3\u91ca\u6846\u67b6\u63d0\u51fa\u6279\u5224\u6027\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u3002Benjamin Akzin\u65e9\u57281964\u5e74\u4fbf\u5df2\u80af\u5b9a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e43\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u300c\u6c11\u65cf\u300d\uff0c\u5f53\u5176\u8fc8\u5165\u73b0\u4ee3\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u6c11\u65cf\u6027\uff08nationality\uff09\u4e0e\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7686\u5df2\u7cb2\u7136\u5927\u5907\uff0c\u4e0d\u5047\u5916\u6c42\u3002\uff08Akzin\uff0c 1964\uff1a181-182\uff09\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u5370\u88d4\u7f8e\u7c4d\u5b66\u8005Prasenjit Duara\u66f4\u4ece\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e0e\u540e\u6b96\u6c11\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u5bf9\u300c\u6587\u5316\u4e3b\u4e49\u300d\u5047\u8bf4\u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u300c\u76f4\u7ebf\u8fdb\u5316\u5386\u53f2\u89c2\u300d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e25\u5389\u7684\u8d28\u7591\u3002Duara\u53cd\u5bf9\u5c06\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u65ad\u4e3a\u4e24\u622a\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u96be\u628a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u65cf\u7fa4\u6216\u6c11\u65cf\u8ba4\u540c\u611f\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u6765\u3002\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u603b\u662f\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u6216\u5730\u65b9\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u7d27\u5bc6\u5730\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u524d\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u672c\u8eab\u4fbf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u300c\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u300d\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\uff08Duara\uff0c 1996\uff09<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

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\uff1fzkirimli\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u86f0\u4f0f\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4e00\u4fdf\u65f6\u673a\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u5373\u5954\u6cc4\u800c\u51fa\u3002\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u6bcb\u5b81\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u4e0d\u65ad\u5f62\u5851\u543e\u4eba\u4e4b\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0e\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\uff08discourse\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u5957\u8bba\u8ff0\u5c06\u4e2a\u4eba\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u300c\u56fd\u6c11\u300d\uff08nationals\uff09\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u8ba4\u540c\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5236\u7ea6\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u65e5\u5e38\u8a00\u884c\u4e3e\u6b62\u7684\u89c2\u770b\u4e0e\u8be0\u91ca\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\uff08\uff1fzkirimli\uff0c 2000\uff1a4\uff09\u5c31\u6b64\u89d2\u5ea6\u800c\u8bba\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u300c\u65cf\u7c7b\u300d\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e0e\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u8fd1\u4ee3\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u6240\u6784\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u300c\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u793e\u7fa4\u300d\uff1b\uff08Anderson\uff0c 1991\uff09\u53ea\u662f\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u793e\u7fa4\u6709\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c5\u5176\u6240\u4f9d\u5faa\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u89c4\u5219\uff08 discursive regularity\uff09\u53ca\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u81ea\u4ea6\u6709\u6240\u8f69\u8f7e\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb \/ 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\u5982Richard Handler\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u4e2d\uff0c\u300c\u6c11\u65cf\u300d\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u6bd4\u62df\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d3b\u751f\u751f\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u2014\u4e00\u79cd\u96c6\u4f53\u6027\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\uff08collective individual\uff09\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u56e0\u800c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u300c\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u300d\uff08national individualism\uff09\u3002\uff081988\uff1a40-41\uff09\u7531\u8fd9\u79cd\u300c\u4e3b\u6743\u4e2a\u4eba\u300d\uff08sovereign individual\uff09 \u7684\u96a0\u55bb\u5f15\u7533\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4e3b\u6743\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u51b3\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4e0d\u53ef\u987b\u81fe\u6216\u79bb\u7684\u4e24\u9879\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\u3002\u5c31\u540e\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u6765\u4ee3\u8868\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff1b\u4ece\u524d\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u5e73\u7b49\u3001\u4e92\u4e0d\u5e72\u6d89\u3002\uff08\u90d1\u6c38\u5e74\uff0c1998\uff1a48-50\uff09<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

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1895\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u6f8e\u6e43\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u6ce2\u6d9b\u6c79\u6d8c\uff0c\u6781\u5c3d\u66f2\u6298\u53d8\u5e7b\u4e4b\u80fd\u4e8b\u3002\u5927\u81f4\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u914cJames Townsend \u4e0ePartha Chatterjee\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e0e\u5176\u6269\u6563\u666e\u53ca\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c06\u4e4b\u7ea6\u7565\u533a\u5206\u4e3a\u300c\u542f\u822a\u671f\u300d\uff08moment of departure\uff0c 1895-1918\uff09\u3001\u300c\u64cd\u6f14\u671f\u300d\uff08moment of manoeuvre\uff0c 1919-1949\uff09\u4e0e\u300c\u7740\u9646\u671f\u300d\uff08moment of arrival\uff0c1949-\uff09 \u7b49\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\uff08Townsend\uff0c 1996\uff1a11\uff1b Chatterjee\uff0c 1986\uff1a50-51\uff09<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

\uff08\u4e00\uff09 \u542f\u822a\u671f\uff1a1895-1918<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

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\u5982\u827e\u514b\u987f\u52f2\u7235 \uff08Lord Acton\uff09 \u6240\u8a00\uff1a\u300c\u6b63\u5982\u538b\u8feb\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6d41\u653e\u662f\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6447\u7bee\u300d\u3002\uff08\u963f\u514b\u987f\uff0c2001\uff1a123\uff09\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u4ee3\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u867d\u7136\u8087\u59cb\u4e8e\u7532\u5348\u4e00\u5f79\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u7cb2\u7136\u5927\u5907\uff0c\u5219\u8981\u7b49\u5230\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e4b\u4ea4\u5927\u6279\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6d41\u5bd3\u6d77\u5916\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

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\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u81f4\u4f9d\u636eJames Kellas\u5bf9\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u628a\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u671f\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7c97\u7565\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u79cd\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u6216\u6587\u5316\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08social or cultural nationalism\uff09\u3001\u65cf\u7fa4\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08ethnic nationalism \uff09\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08state nationalism\uff09\u3002\uff08 1991\uff1a51-52\uff09\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5404\u4ee5\u4e00\u4f4d\u77e5\u540d\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u7a0d\u4f5c\u8bf4\u660e\u300210<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

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