{"id":48411,"date":"2015-07-28T15:02:00","date_gmt":"2015-07-28T15:02:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:10081\/?p=48411 "},"modified":"2015-07-28T15:02:00","modified_gmt":"2015-07-28T15:02:00","slug":"48411-revision-v1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/?p=48411","title":{"rendered":"\u5f90\u8d32\uff1a\u6781\u6743\u4f53\u5236\u4e0b\u7684\u7eb3\u7cb9\u8150\u8d25\u548c\u53cd\u8150"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans', Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.7999992370605px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #535353; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u7eb3\u7cb9\u53d6\u5f97\u653f\u6743\u4e4b\u540e\u4e5f\u4e00\u76f4\u60f3\u8981\u4fdd\u6301\u6b63\u6d3e\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u53cd\u8150\u7684\u6e05\u65b0\u9762\u76ee\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u5f62\u8c61\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684\u53cd\u8150\u662f\u6709\u4e0a\u4e0b\u5c42\u533a\u5206\u7684\uff0c&#8220;\u8d8a\u5c0f\u7684\u8150\u8d25\u53cd\u800c\u5904\u7f5a\u8d8a\u91cd\u3002\u5c0f\u5b98\u50da\u4eec\u9891\u9891\u53d7\u5230\u60e9\u7f5a\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u6740\u9e21\u5106\u7334\uff0c\u800c\u5927\u533a\u6216\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ea7\u5b98\u5458\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u4e3a\u5374\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u53d7\u5230\u60e9\u7f5a\u3002&#8221;<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans', Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.7999992370605px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #535353; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/UploadCenter\/ArticlePics\/2015\/30\/20157286.jpg\" width=\"600\" height=\"858\" alt=\"\" \/><\/span><\/p><div><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u672c\u6587\u4e3a\u300a\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u8150\u8d25\u4e0e\u53cd\u8150\u300b(\u8bd1\u6797\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2015\u5e747\u6708\u51fa\u7248)\u4e00\u4e66\u5e8f\u8a00\uff0c\u6587\u4e2d\u6ce8\u91ca\u7565\uff0c\u8be6\u89c1\u8be5\u4e66\u3002<\/span><\/div><p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans', Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.7999992370605px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #535353; background-color: #ffffff;\">&nbsp;<\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans', Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.7999992370605px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #535353; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u82f1\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7&#183;\u683c\u4f26\u4f2f\u683c(Richard Grunberger)\u5728\u300a12\u5e74\u5e1d\u56fd\uff1a\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u53f21933-1945\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff1a&#8220;\u8150\u8d25\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u7b2c\u4e09\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u539f\u5219\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5fb7\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u4eec\u5374\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u786e\u5b9e\u628a\u65b0\u653f\u6743\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u5f53\u4f5c\u662f\u5728\u4e25\u683c\u5730\u5949\u884c\u9053\u5fb7\u5ec9\u6d01&#8221;\u3002\u7eb3\u7cb9\u662f\u4ee5\u4e25\u5389\u62a8\u51fb\u548c\u53cd\u5bf9\u9b4f\u739b\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u8150\u8d25\u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u9053\u5fb7\u53f7\u53ec\u529b\u7684\uff0c\u5b83&#8220;\u628a\u6c11\u4e3b\u5373\u8150\u8d25\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u690d\u5165\u4e86\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u610f\u8bc6\u4e4b\u4e2d&#8221;\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e0e\u7eb3\u7cb9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8150\u8d25\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c&#8220;\u9b4f\u739b\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e11\u95fb\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u653f\u4f53\u7684\u5c0f\u5c0f\u6c61\u70b9\u800c\u5df2&#8221;\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f17\u5170\u514b&#183;\u5df4\u7ea6\u5c14(Frank Bajohr)\u7684\u300a\u66b4\u53d1\u6237\u4e0e\u725f\u5229\u8005\uff1a\u7eb3\u7cb9\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u8150\u8d25\u300b(Parven&#252;s und Profiteure. Korruption in der NS- Zeit\uff0c2001. 2001\u5e742\u6708\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u88ab\u8bc4\u4e3a\u6700\u4f73\u56fe\u4e66)\uff0c \u4e0b\u79f0\u300a\u7eb3\u7cb9\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u8150\u8d25\u300b)\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5145\u5206\u4e86\u89e3\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684\u8150\u8d25\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7fd4\u5b9e\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8d44\u6599\u548c\u6df1\u4e2d\u80af\u7dae\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans', Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.7999992370605px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #535353; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u4e00\u3001\u8150\u8d25\u548c\u53cd\u8150\u7684&#8220;\u4e3b\u7ba1-\u4ee3\u7406\u56f0\u5883&#8221;<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans', Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.7999992370605px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #535353; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u5df4\u7ea6\u5c14\u5728\u300a\u7eb3\u7cb9\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u8150\u8d25\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7\u63ed\u793a&#8220;\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u6069\u4e3b&#8212;\u95e8\u5ba2\u7ed3\u6784&#8221;&#8212;&#8212; &#8220;\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u4f53\u5236&#8221;&#8212;&#8212;\u6765\u900f\u89c6\u7eb3\u7cb9\u515a\u56fd\u591a\u6837\u5316\u7684\u8150\u8d25\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u9876\u7aef\u5c31\u662f\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\uff0c\u5b83&#8220;\u5c06\u8eab\u8fb9\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u8d25\u574f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u72ac\u5112\u4e3b\u4e49\u7edf\u6cbb\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u57fa\u7840&#8221;\u3002\u5df4\u7ea6\u5c14\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c&#8220;&#8216;\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u4f53\u5236&#8217;\u5e76\u975e\u51cc\u9a7e\u4e8e\u6570\u91cf\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u6069\u4e3b&#8212;\u95e8\u5ba2\u7ed3\u6784\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e0e\u5176\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u5171\u5b58\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u6784\u5728\u7eb3\u7cb9\u4f53\u5236\u4e2d\u662f\u6a2a\u5411\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u6700\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u662f\u5404\u7701\u7684&#8216;\u8bf8\u4faf&#8217;\u4eec\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u63a7\u5236\u7740\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u5c0f\u91d1\u5e93\u548c\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8fd9\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e2\u4e0d\u53d7\u7eb3\u7cb9\u515a\u603b\u8d22\u52a1\u5b98\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53d7\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u6743\u529b\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7684\u6743\u529b\u8db3\u591f\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u5730\u4f4d\u8db3\u591f\u5de9\u56fa\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u7ea6\u675f\u4f4f\u8150\u8d25\u7684\u5c01\u7586\u5927\u540f\u4eec\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5143\u9996\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u8150\u8d25\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u5374\u975e\u5e38\u51b7\u6f20(\u8fd9\u5f88\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\u95ee\u9898)\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u7f6a\u5b7d\u6df1\u91cd\u7684\u5c01\u81e3\u4e5f\u80fd\u4fdd\u4f4f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4f4d\u5b50&#8221;\u3002\u4e0d\u7ecf\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u4e13\u5236\u63d0\u62d4\u5236\u5ea6\u5fc5\u7136\u4ea7\u751f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6069\u4e3b&#8212;\u95e8\u5ba2\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6743\u529b\u4e0e\u5229\u76ca\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u53cd\u8150\u52aa\u529b\u53ea\u80fd\u53d6\u5f97\u6682\u65f6\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u8150\u8d25\u8d8a\u85cf\u8d8a\u6df1\uff0c\u5c31\u8fde\u6709\u7684\u53cd\u8150\u529e\u6848\u4eba\u5458\u4e5f\u6d89\u5165\u8150\u8d25\uff0c\u5982\u683c\u4f26\u4f2f\u683c\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u5e1d\u56fd\u8150\u8d25\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u8d8a\u57cb\u8d8a\u6df1\u7684\u8150\u8d25\u548c\u8d8a\u53cd\u8d8a\u8150\u3002<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans', Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.7999992370605px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #535353; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684&#8220;\u6069\u4e3b&#8212;\u95e8\u5ba2\u7ed3\u6784&#8221;\u662f\u5f53\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u8150\u8d25\u548c\u53cd\u8150\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u91cd\u89c6\u7684&#8220;\u4e3b\u7ba1-\u4ee3\u7406\u56f0\u5883&#8221;(principal-agent dilemma)\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u4f8b\u3002&#8220;\u4e3b\u7ba1-\u4ee3\u7406\u56f0\u5883&#8221; \u89e3\u91ca\u6a21\u5f0f\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u8150\u8d25\uff0c\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u5206\u6790\u6781\u6743\u4f53\u5236\u4e0b\u7684\u8150\u8d25\u548c\u53cd\u8150\u662f\u540c\u6837\u6709\u6548\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans', Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.7999992370605px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #535353; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">&#8220;\u4e3b\u7ba1-\u4ee3\u7406\u56f0\u5883&#8221;\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u5bb6\u7231\u5fb7\u534e.\u73ed\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7(Edward C. Banfield)\u5728\u300a\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u7684\u8150\u8d25\u7279\u5f81\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\u9996\u5148\u63d0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u540e\u7ecf\u5176\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u6216\u6269\u5145\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5206\u6790\u8150\u8d25\u548c\u53cd\u8150\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e2a\u5206\u6790\u6a21\u5f0f\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u591a\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e3b\u7ba1-\u4ee3\u7406\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5982\u516c\u53f8\u7ecf\u7406(\u4ee3\u7406)\u4e0e\u80a1\u4efd\u6301\u6709\u4eba(\u4e3b\u7ba1)\u3001\u975e\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u547d\u5b98\u5458(\u4ee3\u7406)\u4e0e\u9ad8\u5c42\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005(\u4e3b\u7ba1)\u3001\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u4e2d\u7684\u5f53\u9009\u5b98\u5458(\u4ee3\u7406)\u4e0e\u9009\u6c11(\u4e3b\u7ba1)\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u8d77\u5206\u6790\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u4e2d\u7684\u8150\u8d25\u6765\uff0c&#8220;\u4e3b\u7ba1-\u4ee3\u7406\u56f0\u5883&#8221;\u66f4\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u63ed\u793a\u6781\u6743\u8150\u8d25(\u5305\u62ec\u5b83&#8220;\u8150\u8d25\u7684\u53cd\u8150&#8221;)\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u6781\u6743\u4f53\u5236\u4e2d\uff0c\u8c01\u662f&#8220;\u4e3b\u7ba1&#8221;\uff0c\u8c01\u662f&#8220;\u4ee3\u7406&#8221;\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u7ea7\u4e00\u7ea7\u4ee5\u4efb\u547d\u548c\u4e00\u515a\u5185\u4efb\u4eba\u552f\u4eb2\u6765\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u4e3b\u7ba1-\u4ee3\u7406\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8981\u6bd4\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u4e2d\u6e05\u695a\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u5b83\u4e5f\u8d77\u7740\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u515a\u56fd\u5168\u65b9\u4f4d\u7edf\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u6784\u5efa\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans', Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.7999992370605px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #535353; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">&#8220;\u4e3b\u7ba1-\u4ee3\u7406\u56f0\u5883&#8221;\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4ece\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u529f\u5229\u5173\u7cfb\u6765\u5206\u6790\u8150\u8d25\u548c\u53cd\u8150\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u8005\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279&#183;\u514b\u91cc\u52a0\u5fb7(Robert Klitgaard)\u5728\u300a\u904f\u5236\u8150\u8d25\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e3b\u7ba1-\u4ee3\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e25\u683c\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684&#8220;\u7406\u8bba&#8221;\uff0c\u800c&#8220;\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c&#8230;&#8230;\u5b83\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u7ed3\u5408\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u6587\u5316\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6709\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u793e\u4f1a\u66f4\u8150\u8d25\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5b83\u786e\u5b9e\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u7528\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u8bf4\u660e\u9020\u6210\u8150\u8d25\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c&#8230;&#8230;\u5b83\u8fd8\u80fd\u63d0\u793a\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u904f\u5236\u8150\u8d25&#8221;\u3002 \u904f\u5236\u8150\u8d25\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5305\u62ec\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u516c\u5e73\u7ade\u4e89\u3001\u516c\u6b63\u9009\u4e3e\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u900f\u660e\u3001\u5206\u6743\u76d1\u7763\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u6781\u6743\u4e13\u5236\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u53cd\u8150\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u67e5\u5fb7&#183;\u683c\u4f26\u4f2f\u683c\u548c\u5f17\u5170\u514b&#183;\u5df4\u7ea6\u5c14\u90fd\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7ecf\u5e38\u53cd\u8150\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u53cd\u8150\u65e2\u6253\u8001\u864e\u53c8\u6253\u82cd\u8747\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u8fd8\u76f8\u5f53\u4e25\u5389\uff0c\u4f46\u6ce8\u5b9a\u8981\u5f52\u4e8e\u65e0\u6548\u3002<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans', Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.7999992370605px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #535353; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u7528\u4e3b\u7ba1-\u4ee3\u7406\u56f0\u5883\u6765\u5206\u6790\u8150\u8d25\uff0c\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u4eba\u6027\u8003\u91cf\uff1a&#8220;\u4ee3\u7406\u5982\u679c\u89c9\u5f97\u8150\u8d25\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u5229\u5927\u4e8e\u5f0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u4f1a\u8150\u8d25&#8221;\u3002 \u8150\u8d25\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e2a\u4eba\u5bf9\u5229\u5bb3\u6743\u8861\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b98\u5458\u6709\u8150\u8d25(\u53d7\u8d3f)\u6216\u4e0d\u8150\u8d25\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u8150\u8d25\uff0c\u4ed6\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4efd\u56de\u62a5(\u5de5\u8d44\u6536\u5165\u548c\u5f85\u9047)\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u80fd\u4eab\u6709\u6e05\u5ec9\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6ee1\u8db3\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8150\u8d25\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u53d7\u8d3f\u548c\u8d2a\u6c61\u635e\u5230\u6cb9\u6c34(\u6cb9\u6c34\u5f53\u7136\u6709\u5927\u6709\u5c0f)\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u5192\u7740\u56e0\u8d2a\u8150\u8d25\u9732\u800c\u53d7\u60e9\u5904\u6216\u4e22\u5b98\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u5f97\u4e3a\u8d2a\u8150\u4ed8\u51fa\u9053\u5fb7\u6076\u540d\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans', Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.7999992370605px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #535353; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u514b\u91cc\u52a0\u5fb7\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8d2a\u8150\u8005\u613f\u610f\u5192\u4ec0\u4e48\u98ce\u9669\u6216\u4ed8\u51fa\u4ec0\u4e48\u9053\u5fb7\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u826f\u5fc3\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u4e5f\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e&#8220;\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u4f34\u6216\u540c\u4e8b\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u505a\u7684\uff0c&#8230;&#8230;\u4ed6\u5982\u679c\u8eab\u5904\u4e8e\u8150\u8d25\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53c8\u4e0d\u62e9\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8150\u8d25\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u4ee3\u4ef7\u5bf9\u4ed6\u6765\u8bf4\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e\u96f6&#8221;\u3002 \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u4e4e\u4ec0\u4e48\u6076\u540d\u4e0d\u6076\u540d\u3002\u8150\u8d25\u7684\u5b98\u5458\u5f80\u5f80\u628a\u8d2a\u8150\u8d25\u9732\u548c\u88ab\u60e9\u5904\u5f53\u4f5c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5371\u9669\u548c\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c \u60e9\u5904\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u4e22\u6389\u85aa\u4ff8\u6216\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u540d\u8a89\u626b\u5730\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b98\u5458\u4e0d\u8d2a\u8150\u7684\u7ecf\u5e38\u4e0d\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u89c9\u609f\uff0c\u800c\u662f&#8220;\u5f97\u4e0d\u507f\u5931&#8221;\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u8003\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f&#8220;\u4ee3\u7406&#8221;\u5bf9\u8150\u8d25\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u8003\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans', Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.7999992370605px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #535353; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u7136\u800c\uff0c&#8220;\u4e3b\u7ba1&#8221;\u4e00\u65b9\u5bf9\u5f85\u8150\u8d25\u5219\u53e6\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u8003\u91cf\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4e3b\u7ba1\u5fc5\u987b\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u771f\u5b9e\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u4ee3\u7406\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u5728\u5c3d\u529b\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u529e\u4e8b\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u6697\u4e2d\u8c0b\u53d6\u79c1\u5229\u3002\u4ee3\u7406\u8c0b\u53d6\u79c1\u5229\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u7ed9\u4e3b\u7ba1\u5e26\u6765&#8220;\u8d1f\u5916\u90e8\u6548\u5e94&#8221;(negative externalities)\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e3b\u7ba1\u7684\u5229\u76ca&#8220;\u53d7\u635f&#8221;\u3002\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u53d7\u635f\u4f1a\u4ee4\u4e3b\u7ba1\u5a01\u4fe1\u626b\u5730\u3001\u635f\u5931\u8fdb\u9879\u3001\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u80dc\u52a3\u6c70\u7684\u9009\u62d4\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u4e27\u5931\u653f\u6743(\u4ea1\u515a\u4ea1\u56fd)\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u514b\u91cc\u52a0\u5fb7\u6307\u51fa\uff1a&#8220;\u5982\u679c\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u751f\u6d3b\u91cc\u5b58\u5728\u8150\u8d25\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e3b\u7ba1\u4fbf\u65e0\u6cd5\u65ad\u5b9a\u4ee3\u7406\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u662f\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5728\u5c3d\u529b\u3002\u8981\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5f04\u6e05\u695a\u4ee3\u7406\u5230\u5e95\u5728\u5e72\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u4e3b\u7ba1\u9700\u8981\u4ed8\u51fa\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002&#8221;<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans', Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.7999992370605px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #535353; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u8fd9\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\u4e3b\u7ba1-\u4ee3\u7406\u56f0\u5883\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u53cc\u65b9\u6240\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u4e0d\u5bf9\u7b49\u7684\u3002\u4e3b\u7ba1\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f8\u4fe1\u4ee3\u7406\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ee3\u7406\u4f1a\u8c0b\u53d6\u79c1\u5229\u800c\u8bef\u5bfc\u6216\u9690\u7792\u4e3b\u7ba1\u3002\u8d8a\u662f\u80fd\u529b\u5f3a\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u5c31\u8d8a\u662f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd9\u4e48\u505a\uff0c\u5de8\u8d2a\u7684\u5b98\u5458\u7ecf\u5e38\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u80fd\u540f\u3002\u4e3b\u7ba1\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u5728\u4efb\u7528\u4ee3\u7406\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0d\u65ad\u5728\u8981\u6c42&#8220;\u8bda\u5b9e&#8221;\u4e00\u4e9b\u548c\u8981\u6c42&#8220;\u80fd\u5e72&#8221;\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u6743\u8861\u3002\u4e3b\u7ba1\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u7a33\u56fa\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u4ed6\u9700\u8981\u53cd\u8150\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u771f\u6b63\u5728\u610f\u7684\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5b98\u5458\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u7eaf\u6d01\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u514b\u91cc\u52a0\u5fb7\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5b98\u5458\u8150\u8d25\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u6709\u635f\u4e8e\u4e3b\u7ba1\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4e3b\u7ba1\u6240\u505a\u7684\u65e0\u975e\u53ea\u662f\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u5f62\u52bf\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u8c03\u6574&#8220;\u6700\u4f73\u4ee3\u7406\u529e\u4e8b\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u6700\u5408\u9002\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8150\u8d25\u884c\u4e3a&#8221;\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5b70\u8f7b\u5b70\u91cd\u3002\u5728\u8150\u8d25\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u548c\u4ed6\u7684&#8220;\u5c01\u81e3&#8221;\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e3b\u7ba1-\u4ee3\u7406\u56f0\u5883\u662f\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u7684\u3002\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u9700\u8981\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c01\u81e3\u4eec\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bb9\u5fcd\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684&#8220;\u9002\u5ea6&#8221;\u8150\u8d25\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4ed6\u5728\u6700\u4f73\u4ee3\u7406\u529e\u4e8b\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u6700\u5408\u9002\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8150\u8d25\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u95f4\u6240\u505a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5229\u76ca\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans', Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.7999992370605px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #535353; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u4e3b\u7ba1\u662f\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u548c\u4ed6\u4ee3\u8868\u7684&#8220;\u515a\u56fd&#8221;\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u91cc\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u3002\u7eb3\u7cb9\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5404\u7ea7\u5e72\u90e8\uff0c\u4e0a\u81f3\u653f\u8981\uff0c\u4e0b\u81f3\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u5b98\u5458\u90fd\u662f&#8220;\u515a\u56fd&#8221;\u4e00\u5c42\u4e00\u5c42\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u515a\u5458\u4f18\u5148\u751a\u81f3\u515a\u5458\u72ec\u5360\u7684\u4efb\u4eba\u552f\u4eb2\u3001\u5229\u76ca\u5747\u6cbe\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u5df4\u7ea6\u5c14\u6307\u51fa\uff0c&#8220;\u8fd9\u79cd\u4eba\u6cbb\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u5173\u7cfb\u7279\u522b\u80fd\u591f\u6ecb\u751f\u88d9\u5e26\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u8150\u8d25\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u5728\u515a\u5185\uff0c\u8c01\u5fe0\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u5728\u7684\u5c0f\u96c6\u4f53\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u8d44\u52a9\u548c\u6551\u6d4e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bf9\u4e3b\u5b50\u611f\u6069\u6234\u5fb7\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u7eb3\u7cb9\u515a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4eec\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5411\u4e0b\u5c5e\u5206\u914d\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c97\u4f4d\u548c\u804c\u4f4d\u3002&#8221; \u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u5c31\u5229\u7528\u7279\u522b\u57fa\u91d1\u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u81ea\u5df1\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u5708\u5b50\uff0c\u7ed9\u4eb2\u4fe1\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u9988\u8d60\u3001\u8d44\u52a9\u548c\u8d60\u793c\uff0c&#8220;\u8fd9\u4f4d\u72ec\u88c1\u8005\u5982\u6b64\u884c\u4e8b\uff0c\u7ecf\u8d39\u6765\u6e90\u4e94\u82b1\u516b\u95e8\u3002&#8230;&#8230;\u5c31\u50cf\u4ed6\u7684\u5f8b\u5e08\u5415\u8fea\u683c&#8226;\u51af&#8226;\u5fb7&#8226;\u6208\u5c14\u8328\u4f2f\u7235\u5411\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u95e8\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c&#8216;\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u5143\u9996\u3001\u515a\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u662f\u4e00\u56de\u4e8b&#8217;&#8221;\u3002<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans', Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.7999992370605px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #535353; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u9988\u8d60\u793c\u7269\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5305\u62ec\u9ad8\u5c42\u7684\u515a\u653f\u519b\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u4f5c\u5bb6\u548c\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\uff0c\u65e2\u662f\u8d64\u88f8\u88f8\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7b97\u8ba1\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7b3c\u7edc\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u5404\u79cd\u5bf9\u4ed6\u6709\u7528\u4e4b\u4eba\u7684\u8d3f\u8d42\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u4e0d\u4ec5\u660e\u767d\u4eba\u7684\u8d2a\u6b32\u672c\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5584\u4e8e\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u672c\u80fd\uff0c&#8220;\u4e3b\u4e49&#8221;\u3001&#8220;\u7406\u60f3&#8221;\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4ed6\u63a9\u4eba\u8033\u76ee\u7684\u5e4c\u5b50\u3002\u5df4\u7ea6\u5c14\u5bf9\u6b64\u5199\u9053\uff0c&#8220;\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6\u7279\u5965\u591a\u5c14&#8226;\u76d6\u683c\u5c14\u65e9\u57281932\u5e74\u5c31\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u7eb3\u7cb9\u515a\u4eba\u7684&#8216;\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49&#8217;\u5ba3\u4f20\u7684\u5149\u8f89\u5916\u8868\u80cc\u540e\uff0c\u85cf\u533f\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u6ca1\u6709\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u628a\u7269\u8d28\u4e0a\u7684\u8d2a\u5a6a\u63a9\u9970\u597d\u3002\u7eb3\u7cb9\u515a\u4eba\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6001\u5ea6\u662f&#8216;\u7edd\u975e\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684&#8217;\uff0c\u800c\u662f&#8216;\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u7269\u8d28\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684&#8217;\uff1a&#8216;\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u514b\u670d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u3001\u7269\u8d28\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5fc3\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u51d1\u5408\u7740\u906e\u853d\u7740\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002&#8217;&#8221;<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans', Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.7999992370605px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #535353; background-color: #ffffff;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;\">\u4e8c\u3001\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u6027\u8150\u8d25<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans', Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.7999992370605px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #535353; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u300a\u7eb3\u7cb9\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u8150\u8d25\u300b\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u8150\u8d25\u3002\u800c\u662f\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6781\u6743\u5236\u5ea6\u6027\u8150\u8d25\u3002\u8150\u8d25\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c&#8220;\u5982\u4ee5\u6743\u8c0b\u79c1\u3001\u884c\u8d3f\u53d7\u8d3f\u3001\u7ed3\u515a\u8425\u79c1\u3001\u4efb\u4eba\u552f\u4eb2\u3001\u632a\u7528\u516c\u6b3e\u548c\u516c\u79c1\u4e0d\u5206\u7b49\uff0c\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u6cdb\u6ee5\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u7a0b\u5ea6\u591a\u5be1\u4e0d\u540c&#8221;\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u91cc\uff0c\u5a92\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u63ed\u9732\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8150\u8d25\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u8150\u8d25\u6765\u653b\u51fb\u5bf9\u65b9\uff0c\u6c11\u4f17\u53ef\u4ee5\u516c\u5f00\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u6279\u8bc4\u5b98\u5458\u6216\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8150\u8d25\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5728\u6781\u6743\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans', Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.7999992370605px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #535353; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u5df4\u7ea6\u5c14\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd\uff0c&#8220;\u751a\u81f3\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u6df1\u5207\u5730\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u4e86\u8150\u8d25\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1(\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u6070\u6070\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a)\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u5e1d\u56fd\u53d7\u5230\u653f\u5e9c\u5ba3\u4f20\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u516c\u4f17\u4e2d\uff0c\u8150\u8d25\u662f\u4e2a\u7981\u5fcc\u8bdd\u9898&#8221;\u3002\u8c01\u8981\u662f\u89e6\u72af\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7981\u5fcc\uff0c\u8c01\u5c31\u662f\u6076\u610f\u9020\u8c23\u548c\u62b9\u9ed1\u6c61\u8511\u3002\u7eb3\u7cb9\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u516c\u4f17\u5728\u5a92\u4f53\u4e0a\u81ea\u7531\u8bae\u8bba\u8150\u8d25\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bae\u8bba\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6709\u635f\u4e8e\u515a\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u5a01\u4fe1\uff0c\u7834\u574f\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5fc5\u987b\u4e25\u52a0\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u8150\u8d25\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u7279\u6b8a\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u4ee5\u6743\u8c0b\u79c1\u3001\u884c\u8d3f\u53d7\u8d3f\u3001\u7ed3\u515a\u8425\u79c1\u3001\u4efb\u4eba\u552f\u4eb2\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u4e13\u5236\u5236\u5ea6\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u4e2d\u53cd\u8150\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u7edf\u6cbb\u96c6\u56e2\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u9650\u5236\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u6765\u81ea\u5176\u4ed6\u653f\u515a\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u5a92\u4f53\u6216\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u76d1\u7763\u3002\u5927\u5927\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u4ee5\u6743\u8c0b\u79c1\u3001\u884c\u8d3f\u53d7\u8d3f\u3001\u7ed3\u515a\u8425\u79c1\u3001\u4efb\u4eba\u552f\u4eb2\u3001\u632a\u7528\u516c\u6b3e\u548c\u516c\u79c1\u4e0d\u5206\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8150\u8d25\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u8150\u8d25\u3002<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans', Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.7999992370605px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #535353; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u65e9\u5728\u7eb3\u7cb9\u53d6\u5f97\u653f\u6743\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u5229\u7528\u9b4f\u739b\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u8150\u8d25\u6848\u4ef6\u6765\u653b\u51fb\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u7eb3\u7cb9\u628a\u8150\u8d25\u63cf\u7ed8\u6210\u4e0e\u6c11\u4e3b\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u5171\u751f\u7684\u75fc\u75be\u3002\u5df4\u7ea6\u5c14\u6307\u51fa\uff0c&#8220;\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e11\u95fb\u80fd\u591f\u7206\u53d1\u51fa\u6765\u5e76\u88ab\u516c\u4f17\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u6070\u6070\u8bf4\u660e\u5f53\u65f6\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u79ef\u6781\u53c2\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5065\u5168\u7684\u516c\u4f17\u56e2\u4f53&#8212;&#8212;\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5e1d\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\u548c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7edf\u6cbb\u65f6\u671f\u8fe5\u7136\u4e0d\u540c&#8212;&#8212;\u80fd\u591f\u4e0d\u53d7\u963b\u6320\u5730\u9488\u782d\u65f6\u5f0a&#8221;\u3002\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u60ef\u7528\u4f0e\u4fe9\u5c31\u662f\u6df7\u6dc6\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8150\u8d25\uff0c\u628a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6027\u8150\u8d25\u548c\u6587\u5316\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u503e\u5411\u6216\u8150\u8d25\u6df7\u4e3a\u4e00\u8c08\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53c8\u7edf\u7edf\u5f52\u548e\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u6c11\u4e3b\u3002\u9b4f\u739b\u662f\u5fb7\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u6bd4\u8f83\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5404\u79cd\u65b0\u601d\u6f6e\u3001\u6587\u827a\u6d41\u6d3e\u548c\u65f6\u5c1a\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u65b0\u89c2\u5ff5\u5341\u5206\u5174\u76db\u7684\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u6ce5\u6c99\u4ff1\u4e0b\u5728\u6240\u96be\u514d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u67cf\u6797\u6587\u5316\u5c31\u5df2\u9893\u5e9f\u800c\u8457\u79f0\uff0c\u5a3c\u5993\u548c\u72af\u7f6a\u6d3b\u52a8\u968f\u4e4b\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u67cf\u6797\u66f4\u6210\u4e3a\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u6bd2\u54c1\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u6b64\u6df1\u6076\u75db\u7edd\uff0c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u628a\u53cd\u5bf9\u9b4f\u739b\u8150\u8d25\u7528\u4f5c\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u5f97\u5206\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u53f7\u53ec\u624b\u6bb5\u3002<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans', Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.7999992370605px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #535353; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u7eb3\u7cb9\u53d6\u5f97\u653f\u6743\u4e4b\u540e\u4e5f\u4e00\u76f4\u60f3\u8981\u4fdd\u6301\u6b63\u6d3e\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u53cd\u8150\u7684\u6e05\u65b0\u9762\u76ee\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u5f62\u8c61\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u683c\u4f26\u4f2f\u683c\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684\u53cd\u8150\u662f\u6709\u4e0a\u4e0b\u5c42\u533a\u5206\u7684\uff0c&#8220;\u8d8a\u5c0f\u7684\u8150\u8d25\u53cd\u800c\u5904\u7f5a\u8d8a\u91cd\u3002\u5c0f\u5b98\u50da\u4eec\u90a3\u4e9b\u66b4\u9732\u5728\u516c\u4f17\u773c\u524d\u7684\u5931\u804c\u884c\u4e3a\u9891\u9891\u53d7\u5230\u60e9\u7f5a\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u6740\u9e21\u5106\u7334\uff0c\u800c\u5927\u533a\u6216\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ea7\u5b98\u5458\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u4e3a\u5374\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u53d7\u5230\u60e9\u7f5a&#8221;\u3002 \u5df4\u7ea6\u5c14\u4ee5\u7fd4\u5b9e\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd\u53cd\u8150\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6307\u51fa\uff0c&#8220;\u662f\u5426\u8981\u9075\u5faa\u73b0\u5b58\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u6cd5\u89c4\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u673a\u7f18\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a\u6d89\u6848\u8d2a\u5b98\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5730\u4f4d\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u4ed6\u80cc\u540e\u662f\u5426\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eb3\u7cb9\u515a\u7684\u5c0f\u5708\u5b50\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9760\u5c71\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4f53\u5236\u662f\u5426&#8216;\u6709\u7528&#8217;\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5047\u5982\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u516c\u5f00\u7684\u4e11\u95fb\uff0c\u5bf9\u515a\u7fa4\u5173\u7cfb\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u600e\u6837\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002&#8221;\u53cd\u8150\u662f\u6709\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u4e0d\u635f\u5bb3\u4e3b\u7ba1(\u9760\u5c71\u3001\u515a\u56fd)\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\u3002\u4e3b\u7ba1\u7ecf\u5e38\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u4ee3\u7406\u7684\u8150\u8d25\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u65ad\u5728\u4ee3\u7406\u7684&#8220;\u6e05\u5ec9&#8221;\u548c&#8220;\u6709\u7528&#8221;\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u6743\u8861\u3002\u4e3b\u7ba1\u4e3a\u4e86\u7a33\u56fa\u81ea\u5df1\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6709\u9760\u5f97\u4f4f\u7684\uff0c\u80fd\u5e72\u7684&#8220;\u81ea\u5df1\u4eba&#8221;\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e00\u5473\u59d1\u606f\u4ee3\u7406\u7684\u8150\u8d25\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u771f\u6b63\u5728\u610f\u7684\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0b\u5c5e\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u64cd\u5b88\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5229\u76ca\u3002<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans', Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.7999992370605px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #535353; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u9020\u6210\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd&#8220;\u4e3b\u7ba1-\u4ee3\u7406\u56f0\u5883&#8221;\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff0c&#8220;\u515a\u5185\u5404\u4e2a\u6d3e\u7cfb\u4e92\u76f8\u4f9d\u5b58\u53c8\u4e92\u76f8\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e13\u5236\u7684&#8216;\u5143\u9996\u653f\u515a&#8217;\u5185\u7684\u540c\u5fd7\u60c5\u8c0a\uff0c\u7ed9\u7eb3\u7cb9\u515a\u9020\u5c31\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u9690\u853d\u7684\u6b21\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5b83\u5f80\u5f80\u6bd4\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236\u6216\u8005\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4ece\u5c5e\u5173\u7cfb\u66f4\u80fd\u591f\u51b3\u5b9a&#8216;\u663e\u8d35&#8217;\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u79c1\u4ea4\u548c\u5173\u7cfb&#8221;\u3002\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb&#8220;\u663e\u8d35&#8221;\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f&#8220;\u5c71\u5934&#8221;\u3002\u4ee5&#8220;\u9769\u547d&#8221;\u8d77\u5bb6\u7684\u65b0\u653f\u6743\u90fd\u6709\u5c71\u5934\u6797\u7acb\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9769\u547d\u65f6\u671f\u9700\u8981\u62c9\u62e2\u548c\u805a\u96c6\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u7eb3\u7cb9&#8220;\u8fd0\u52a8&#8221;\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u662f\u5728&#8220;\u515a\u5185\u5404\u4e2a\u6d3e\u7cfb\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u5b58\u53c8\u76f8\u4e92\u7ade\u4e89&#8221;\u4e2d\u53d1\u5c55\u58ee\u5927\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u3002\u9769\u547d\u6210\u529f\u540e\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a&#8220;\u5229\u76ca\u5747\u6cbe&#8221;\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u653f\u6cbb\u5206\u7ea2&#8220;\u4f9b\u517b&#8221;\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f53\u5236\u4e2d\u5219\u53c8\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u56e2\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u5212\u5206\u3001\u5e73\u8861\u548c\u534f\u8c03\u3002<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans', Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.7999992370605px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #535353; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u5229\u76ca\u5747\u6cbe\u7684\u4f9b\u517b\u5236\u5ea6\u4e3b\u8981\u4f53\u73b0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7ea7\u522b\u4e0d\u540c\u5f85\u9047\u3002\u4ec0\u4e48\u7ea7\u522b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4eab\u53d7\u4f55\u79cd&#8220;\u5f85\u9047&#8221;\u662f\u4e0d\u5bb9\u8fdd\u53cd\u7684\u6743\u529b\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u5b83\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u523a\u6fc0\u5b98\u50da\u4eec\u7684&#8220;\u8fdb\u53d6\u5fc3&#8221;\u548c\u63d0\u5347\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6548\u5fe0\u70ed\u5ff1\u3002\u5df4\u7ea6\u5c14\u6307\u51fa\uff0c&#8220;\u90a3\u4e9b\u5e76\u975e\u901a\u8fc7\u9009\u4e3e\u83b7\u5f97\u5408\u6cd5\u6743\u529b\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u57281933\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\u4e3b\u8981\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4ed6\u652f\u914d\u7269\u8d28\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u4eec\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u4e0a\u7684\u4f9b\u517b&#8221;\u3002\u7eb3\u7cb9\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5e72\u90e8\u6240\u4eab\u53d7\u7684\u5f85\u9047&#8212;&#8212;\u9ad8\u7ea7\u4f4f\u6240\u3001\u7279\u522b\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u4f9b\u5e94\u3001\u9ad8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6536\u5165\u548c\u514d\u8d39\u5f85\u9047&#8212;&#8212;\u90fd\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6b63\u5f53&#8220;\u5de5\u4f5c\u9700\u8981&#8221;\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9700\u8981&#8220;\u4fdd\u5bc6&#8221;\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u518d\u8fc7\u5206\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b97\u4f5c\u8150\u8d25\u3002\u5df4\u7ea6\u5c14\u7528\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u6750\u6599\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6bd4\u8d77\u4e0b\u5c42\u5b98\u5458&#8220;\u4fb5\u541e\u515a\u8d39\u548c\u6350\u6b3e&#8221;\uff0c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684\u9ad8\u5c42\u5b98\u5458\u548c\u7cbe\u82f1\u9636\u5c42&#8220;\u6ee5\u7528\u804c\u6743\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u7279\u6743\uff0c\u7ef4\u6301\u7740\u9a84\u5962\u6deb\u9038\u7684\u751f\u6d3b&#8221;\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u62e5\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u4eab\u53d7\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u66f4\u662f\u4ee5\u6b64&#8220;\u7a81\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7edf\u6cbb\u96c6\u56e2\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d&#8221;\uff0c\u8fd9\u624d\u662f\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u8150\u8d25\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6781\u6743\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\u5178\u578b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8150\u8d25\uff0c&#8220;\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u82e5\u5e72\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6ee5\u7528\u804c\u6743\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6ee5\u7528\u6743\u529b;\u5b83\u5e76\u975e\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e2a\u4eba\u79c1\u5229\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u7a33\u5b9a&#8221;\u3002\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7edf\u6cbb\u672c\u8eab\u4e3a\u5b98\u50da\u4f53\u5236\u63d0\u4f9b\u79cd\u79cd\u989d\u5916\u7684\u597d\u5904\u548c\u6cb9\u6c34\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7531\u5236\u5ea6\u6765\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u4e86\u7684\u8150\u8d25\u3002<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans', Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.7999992370605px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #535353; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u7eb3\u7cb9\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001(\u96c5\u5229\u5b89\u5316)\u548c\u5047\u501f\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u4e4b\u540d\u6240\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u62a2\u52ab\u548c\u63a0\u593a(\u4ee5\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u548c\u5360\u9886\u533a\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u5bf9\u8c61)\u4f7f\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684\u8150\u8d25\u6269\u5c55\u4e3a\u666e\u901a\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u8150\u8d25\u3002\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5229\u7528\u5bf9\u56fd\u6c11\u7684\u53cd\u72b9\u4ec7\u6068\u5ba3\u4f20\uff0c\u628a\u96c5\u5229\u5b89\u4eba\u8bf4\u6210\u662f\u88ab\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u76d8\u5265\u538b\u69a8\u7684&#8220;\u82e6\u5927\u4ec7\u6df1&#8221;\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u4eba\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u62a2\u593a\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684&#8220;\u4e0d\u4e49\u4e4b\u8d22&#8221;\u4fbf\u6210\u4e86\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u3002\u4ec7\u6068\u5ba3\u4f20&#8220;\u8ba9\u4eba\u6ca1\u4e86\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u7684\u987e\u8651\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u7ed9\u4e86\u4eba\u81ea\u4fe1\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u7eb3\u7cb9\u6d3b\u8dc3\u5206\u5b50\u65e9\u57281933\u5e742\u6708\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb&#8216;\u5bfb\u627e\u6218\u5229\u54c1&#8217;\u3002\u5728\u6c49\u5821\uff0c\u51b2\u950b\u961f\u5458\u4eec\u501f\u52a9\u4f2a\u9020\u7684\u641c\u67e5\u4ee4\u52ab\u63a0\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u623f\u5c4b\u5185\u7684\u9996\u9970\u548c\u91d1\u94b1\uff0c\u6bb4\u6253\u72b9\u592a\u793e\u533a\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\uff0c\u4e13\u6a2a\u8dcb\u6248\u5730\u8981\u6c42\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u4ea4\u51fa\u4fdd\u9669\u7bb1\u94a5\u5319&#8221;\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6253\u52ab\u8d8a\u6f14\u8d8a\u70c8\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u5c06\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u9001\u8fdb\u6b7b\u4ea1\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u3002\u5965\u5179\u5a01\u80c1\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u56da\u72af\u6d41\u4f20\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ed1\u8272\u7b11\u8bdd\uff1a&#8220;\u4ed6\u4eec\u62ff\u56de\u5bb6\u8bb8\u591a\u9ec4\u91d1\u548c\u503c\u94b1\u7684\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u4ece\u6765\u90fd\u4e0d\u6e05\u70b9\u6570\u76ee&#8212;&#8212;\u53cd\u6b63\u662f\u98de\u6765\u7684\u6a2a\u8d22(bonanza)&#8221;\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u4ece\u6b63\u4e49\u6253\u52ab\u76f4\u63a5\u6216\u95f4\u63a5\u5f97\u5230\u597d\u5904\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8150\u8d25\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8150\u8d25&#8220;\u9f13\u52a8\u66f4\u591a\u4eba\u52a0\u5165\u5230&#8216;\u96c5\u5229\u5b89\u5316&#8217;\u3001\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u548c\u5265\u524a\u5360\u9886\u533a\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5fb7\u56fd\u7fa4\u4f17\u5bf9\u8150\u8d25\u53d1\u51fa\u4e86\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u53e3\u8bdb\u7b14\u4f10\uff0c\u4f46\u5fb7\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u786e\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8150\u8d25\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u597d\u5904&#8221;\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u72ec\u88c1\u653f\u6743\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f&#8220;\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u7740\u5fb7\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4ee5\u5404\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5e7f\u6cdb\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c&#8230;&#8230;\u8150\u8d25\u5c06\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7edf\u6cbb\u548c\u5fb7\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u7d27\u5bc6\u4ea4\u7ec7\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5f88\u591a&#8216;\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba&#8217;\u4e5f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e2d\u9971\u79c1\u56ca\u53c2\u4e0e\u5230\u4e86\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684\u538b\u8feb\u548c\u706d\u7edd\u653f\u7b56\u4e2d\u6765&#8221;\u3002<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans', Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.7999992370605px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #535353; background-color: #ffffff;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;\">\u4e09\u3001\u8150\u8d25\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u72ac\u5112\u7684\u4eba\u6c11<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans', Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.7999992370605px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #535353; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u6743\u5927\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u662f\u7eb3\u7cb9\u6069\u4e3b&#8212;\u95e8\u5ba2\u4f53\u7cfb\u8150\u8d25\u7684\u9876\u7aef\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u822c\u5fb7\u56fd\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u773c\u91cc\u548c\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9886\u8896&#8220;\u5143\u9996&#8221;\u662f\u4fe1\u4ef0\u548c\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u5316\u8eab\uff0c&#8220;\u5143\u9996&#8221;\u662f\u6c38\u8fdc\u4f1f\u5927\u3001\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u8150\u8d25\u90fd\u662f\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4eba\u7792\u7740&#8220;\u5143\u9996&#8221;\u5e72\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u574f\u4e8b\u3002\u5c31\u7b97\u662f\u628a\u7eb3\u7cb9\u8150\u8d25\u5f53\u4f5c&#8220;\u515a\u7684\u80bf\u7624&#8221;\u548c&#8220;\u707e\u96be&#8221;\u6765\u75db\u65a5\u7684\u515a\u5185\u9ad8\u5e72\u6d77\u56e0\u91cc\u5e0c&#183;\u6d77\u59c6(Heinrich Heim)\u4e5f\u662f&#8220;\u5c06\u8150\u8d25\u7684&#8216;\u515a\u68cd&#8217;\u4e0e&#8216;\u5143\u9996\u7684\u5149\u8f89\u5f62\u8c61&#8217;\u6765\u4f5c\u5bf9\u7167&#8221;\u3002&#8220;\u5143\u9996\u7684\u5149\u8f89\u5f62\u8c61&#8221;\u662f\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5ba3\u4f20\u7684\u4e3b\u8c03\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u6c11\u4f17\u5bf9\u8150\u8d25\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u88ab\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5ba3\u4f20\u7275\u7740\u9f3b\u5b50\u8d70\u7684\uff0c&#8220;\u5bf9\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u8bc4\u4ef7\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u7fa4\u4f17\u5bf9\u8150\u8d25\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u51e0\u4e4e\u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7edf\u6cbb\u63d0\u51fa\u8d28\u7591\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5bf9\u653f\u6743\u63d0\u51fa\u6709\u9650\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u3002&#8216;\u5982\u679c\u5143\u9996\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e8b\u5c31\u597d\u4e86!&#8217;\u8fd9\u6837\u53e3\u53e3\u76f8\u4f20\u7684\u8bdd\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6001\u5ea6&#8212;&#8212;\u5728\u9488\u782d\u65f6\u5f0a\u65f6\u51e0\u4e4e\u603b\u662f\u5bf9\u653f\u5e9c\u4ecd\u7136\u8d64\u80c6\u5fe0\u5fc3&#8212;&#8212;\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5178\u578b\u7684&#8221;\u3002<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans', Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.7999992370605px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #535353; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u5fb7\u56fd\u6c11\u4f17\u5bf9\u8150\u8d25\u4e0d\u6ee1\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e0d\u6307\u5411&#8220;\u5143\u9996&#8221;\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6307\u5411\u6c38\u8fdc\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u7eb3\u7cb9\u515a\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u9c81\u9053\u592b&#183;\u8d6b\u5c14\u4f50\u683c(Rudolph Herzog)\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u7eb3\u7cb9\u65f6\u671f\u5fb7\u56fd\u7b11\u8bdd\u7684\u300a\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u53ef\u7b11\uff1a\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u5e7d\u9ed8\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5fb7\u56fd\u7b11\u8bdd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5173\u4e8e\u8150\u8d25\u7684\u7b11\u8bdd\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0e\u666e\u901a\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u4e0d\u6ee1\u4ed6\u4eec\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u91cc\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u548c\u4eba\u7269\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u548c\u4eba\u7269\u4e0e\u7edf\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u5173\u7cfb\u5bc6\u5207\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7b11\u8bdd\u4e5f\u5c31\u81ea\u7136\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u653f\u6cbb\u7b11\u8bdd\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7b11\u8bdd\u5e76\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u7eb3\u7cb9\u6781\u6743\u7684\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u9488\u5bf9&#8220;\u5c11\u6570\u7684&#8221;\u4e0d\u826f\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6316\u82e6&#8220;\u5403\u515a\u996d&#8221;\u8d2a\u8150\u81ea\u80a5\u7684\u7b11\u8bdd\uff1a&#8220;\u4e00\u4e2a\u53a8\u5b50\u6b63\u51c6\u5907\u714e\u571f\u8c46\uff0c\u5979\u6ca1\u6709\u732a\u6cb9\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f4f\u5730\u5728\u9505\u7076\u4e0a\u6325\u52a8\u4e07\u5b57\u65d7(\u7eb3\u7cb9\u515a\u65d7)\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u95ee\u5979\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u5979\u7b54\u9053\uff1a&#8216;\u5728\u515a\u65d7\u4e0b\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u90fd\u80a5\u5f97\u6d41\u6cb9\u3002&#8217;&#8221; \u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7b11\u8bdd\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6279\u8bc4\u548c\u6307\u8d23\u7eb3\u7cb9\u515a\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u6307\u5411\u515a\u5185\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u6b63\u6d3e\u548c\u8c0b\u6743\u81ea\u80a5\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002\u5b83\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a\u515a\u6c38\u8fdc\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u53ea\u662f\u51fa\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u94bb\u8fdb\u515a\u5185\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u8150\u8d25\u5206\u5b50\u548c\u86c0\u866b\u3002<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans', Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.7999992370605px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #535353; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u5df4\u7ea6\u5c14\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u6c11\u4f17\u5728\u7eb3\u7cb9\u653f\u6cbb\u8150\u8d25\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9f20\u76ee\u5bf8\u5149\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u6b3a\u9a97\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u662f\u72ac\u5112\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u90fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5ba3\u4f20\u7684\u6210\u529f\u6d17\u8111\u548c\u6781\u6743\u7edf\u6cbb\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u9020\u6210\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6050\u60e7\u5fc3\u7406\u3002\u7fa4\u4f17\u559c\u6b22\u8c08\u8bba\u8150\u8d25\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u8d2a\u8150\u7684\u4eba\u3001\u4e8b\u5185\u60c5\u5145\u6ee1\u597d\u5947\uff0c\u8150\u8d25\u7ecf\u5e38\u7275\u626f\u51fa\u8272\u60c5\u4e11\u95fb\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u6781\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u516b\u5366\u65b0\u95fb\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b98\u5458\u7684\u8d2a\u8150\u6d88\u606f\u5c5e\u4e8e&#8220;\u7981\u95fb&#8221;\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u5b98\u65b9\u5a92\u4f53\u5c0f\u5fc3\u7ffc\u7ffc\u7684\u6709\u9650\u62a5\u9053\u4e2d\u4e5f\u4e00\u76f4\u662f&#8220;\u654f\u611f\u8bdd\u9898&#8221;\uff0c\u5b98\u65b9\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bdd\u9898\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u53e3\u5f84\u548c\u8c03\u95e8\u3002<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans', Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.7999992370605px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #535353; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u7981\u5fcc\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4eba\u90fd\u61c2\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u6027\u4fe1\u53f7\uff1a\u4e0d\u8ba9\u4f60\u8bf4\u7684\u4f60\u5c31\u4e0d\u8981\u8bf4\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u540e\u679c&#8220;\u4f60\u61c2\u7684&#8221;\u3002\u88ab\u538b\u5236\u7684\u8150\u8d25\u6d88\u606f\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u5c0f\u9053\u6216\u8c23\u8a00\u4e2d\u6084\u6084\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9e\uff0c\u6c11\u4f17\u4e5f\u77e5\u9053\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9e\uff0c\u4f46\u4f20\u64ad\u8005\u79c1\u4e0b\u91cc\u8fd8\u662f\u4e50\u6b64\u4e0d\u75b2\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f20\u64ad\u672c\u8eab\u6709\u5a31\u4e50\u3001\u6d88\u9063\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8150\u8d25\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u5a31\u4e50\u5316\u548c\u6d88\u9063\u5316\u524a\u5f31\u4e86\u5b83\u4e25\u8083\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u91ca\u653e\u6c11\u4f17\u4e0d\u6ee1\u60c5\u7eea\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u9600\uff0c\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u4ece\u8150\u8d25\u7684\u6839\u672c\u5236\u5ea6\u539f\u56e0\u4e0a\u8f6c\u79fb\u5f00\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728&#8220;\u5bf9\u8150\u8d25\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u8bc4\u8bba\u548c\u6279\u8bc4\u5728\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u4e5f\u90fd\u662f\u987a\u4ece\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u3002&#8230;&#8230;\u4eba\u4eec\u6307\u8d23\u515a\u7684\u5e72\u90e8\u7684\u884c\u4e3a&#8216;\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u56e2\u7ed3\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u7cbe\u795e&#8217;\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u7edd\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u6279\u8bc4\u7eb3\u7cb9\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u6279\u8bc4\u5e72\u90e8\u4eec\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u597d\u597d\u9075\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001&#8221;\u3002<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans', Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.7999992370605px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #535353; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u5df4\u7ea6\u5c14\u6307\u51fa\uff0c1930\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\u534a\u671f\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b0\u53d1\u5c55\u4f7f\u5f97\u6c11\u4f17\u5bf9\u8150\u8d25\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u4ece\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5bb9\u5fcd\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u9ebb\u6728\u548c\u6c89\u9ed8\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c&#8220;\u4e0e\u7eb3\u7cb9\u653f\u5e9c\u5185\u653f\u5916\u4ea4\u7684\u8f89\u714c\u6210\u5c31\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u8150\u8d25\u5728\u6c11\u4f17\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\u6839\u672c\u7b97\u4e0d\u5f97\u4ec0\u4e48\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898;\u8d2a\u6c61\u8150\u8d25\u548c\u7ed3\u515a\u8425\u79c1\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bb2\u975e\u5e38\u6210\u529f\u7684\u653f\u6743\u7684\u9634\u6697\u9762\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u5bb9\u5fcd&#8221;\u3002\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u8ba9\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u89c9\u5f97\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u5730\u4f4d\u63d0\u9ad8\u7684\u6210\u7ee9\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u8150\u8d25\u662f\u6b21\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u4e5d\u4e2a\u6307\u5934\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5934\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8d6b\u5c14\u4f50\u683c\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u7b11\u8bdd\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u4e5f\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u4e0a\u53f0\u7684\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u5fb7\u56fd\u6c11\u4f17\u652f\u6301\u548c\u6ee1\u610f\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c&#8220;\u968f\u7740\u5931\u4e1a\u7387\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u5728\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u6df1\u91cd\u7684\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u611f\u548c\u6cae\u4e27\u540e\uff0c\u53c8\u5f00\u59cb\u6709\u4e86\u4fe1\u5fc3&#8221;\uff0c\u89c9\u5f97&#8220;\u597d\u65e5\u5b50&#8221;\u7ec8\u4e8e\u6765\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u666e\u901a\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u7b11\u8bdd\u867d\u6709\u4e0d\u6ee1\u548c\u62b1\u6028\uff0c\u4f46\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u53cd\u6297\u3002<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans', Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.7999992370605px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #535353; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c&#8220;\u7fa4\u4f17\u5bf9\u8150\u8d25\u884c\u4e3a\u6e10\u6e10\u4e60\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5e38\uff0c\u611f\u89c9\u4e5f\u53d8\u5f97\u8fdf\u949d\u4e86&#8221;\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5bf9\u8150\u8d25\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u8fdf\u949d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u6574\u4f53\u9053\u5fb7\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u6ca6\u4e27\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u6781\u6743\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0b\u5176\u4ed6\u975e\u6b63\u4e49\u548c\u4e0d\u9053\u5fb7\u73b0\u8c61(\u5982\u538b\u8feb\u548c\u6b8b\u5bb3\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u3001\u5265\u593a\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6743\u5229\u3001\u94b3\u5236\u5a92\u4f53\u548c\u516c\u5171\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u53d6\u6d88\u653f\u6cbb\u6c11\u4e3b)\u90fd\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u9ebb\u6728\u3001\u51b7\u6de1\u548c\u72ac\u5112\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u6d41\u4ea1\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u57281937\u5e7411\u6708\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u79f0\uff0c&#8220;\u4eba\u6c11\u5bf9\u4e00\u5207\u4e11\u884c\u90fd\u51b7\u9759\u8d85\u7136\u5730\u4e88\u4ee5\u5bb9\u5fcd\uff0c\u7740\u5b9e\u4ee4\u4eba\u9707\u60ca\uff0c\u4ece\u8fd9\u79cd\u51b7\u9759\u8d85\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ca6\u4e27\u5230\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u7a0b\u5ea6&#8221;\u3002<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans', Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.7999992370605px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #535353; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u6781\u6743\u7edf\u6cbb\u5bf9\u56fd\u6c11\u7684\u826f\u5fc3\u9053\u5fb7\u6709\u6781\u5927\u7684\u8150\u8680\u548c\u7834\u574f\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u683c\u4f26\u4f2f\u683c\u5728\u300a12\u5e74\u5e1d\u56fd\u300b\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff0c&#8220;\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u7684\u538b\u8feb\u548c\u5bf9\u515a\u7684\u9738\u9053(Party bullies)\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u7ed9(\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u7684)\u96c6\u4f53\u826f\u5fc3\u9020\u6210\u7981\u5fcc\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u6562\u8fdd\u80cc\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7981\u5fcc\u3002&#8221;\u7531\u4e8e\u4e25\u9177\u7981\u5fcc\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u548c\u5bf9\u7981\u5fcc\u7684\u65e0\u53ef\u5948\u4f55\u3002\u4eba\u4f1a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u611f\u5230\u6050\u60e7\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u611f\u5230\u7edd\u671b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u6050\u60e7\u800c\u53c8\u7edd\u671b\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u6076\u884c\u91c7\u53d6\u72ac\u5112\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u6f20\u7136\u5904\u4e4b\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u66f4\u4e3a\u75c5\u6001\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u7531\u4e8e&#8220;\u672c\u6765\u5c31\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u7b2c\u4e09\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u654c\u4eba(\u5982\u72b9\u592a\u4eba)&#8221;\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5f53\u7eb3\u7cb9\u52a0\u5bb3\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b&#8220;\u654c\u4eba&#8221;\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u611f\u60c5\u548c\u60c5\u7eea\u662f\u53cd\u5012\u662f\u7ad9\u5728\u52a0\u5bb3\u8005\u7684\u4e00\u8fb9\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7eb3\u7cb9\u8feb\u5bb3\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u6c11\u4f17\u770b\u4e0d\u60ef\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u4f46\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u770b\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5012\u9709\u53d7\u7f6a\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u89c9\u5f97\u6697\u6697\u9ad8\u5174\u3001\u5e78\u707e\u4e50\u7978\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e0e\u7528\u975e\u6cd5\u624b\u6bb5\u5bf9\u5bcc\u8c6a\u6216\u9ed1\u9053&#8220;\u6253\u9ed1&#8221;\u7167\u6837\u80fd\u8ba9\u4e0d\u5c11\u6c11\u4f17\u89c9\u5f97&#8220;\u75db\u5feb&#8221;\u548c&#8220;\u89e3\u6c14&#8221;\u662f\u540c\u7c7b\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u5df4\u7ea6\u5c14\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u9053\u5fb7\u6ca6\u4e27\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u5b98\u5458\u8150\u8d25\u4e0d\u6ee1\u672c\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u5ac9\u5992\u5fc3\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u9053\u4e49\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec&#8220;\u6279\u8bc4\u7684\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u63d0\u643a\u65bd\u6069\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f53\u5236\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u800c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u62b1\u6028\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u81ea\u5df1\u6ca1\u53d7\u5230\u7167\u987e&#8221;\u3002\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u51b7\u6f20\u3001\u529f\u5229\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u72ac\u5112\u4e3b\u4e49\u75c5\u6bd2\u5df2\u7ecf\u4fb5\u5165\u6574\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u867d\u7136\u4ec7\u6068\u8d2a\u5b98\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u538c\u6076\u548c\u9119\u89c6\u8d2a\u5b98\u6240\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u6210\u529f\u3001\u4eab\u53d7\u3001\u5f85\u9047\u548c\u5e78\u798f\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u80fd\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u5750\u4e0a\u5b98\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u968f\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u8d2a\u8150\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a&#8220;\u8d2a\u8150\u961f\u4f0d&#8221;\u7684\u540e\u5907\u961f\u5458\u3002<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans', Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.7999992370605px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #535353; background-color: #ffffff;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;\">\u56db\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u529f\u5229\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u53cd\u8150<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans', Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.7999992370605px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #535353; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u8150\u8d25\u4f1a\u52a8\u6447\u548c\u98a0\u8986\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u6743\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u548c\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6781\u6743\u4e13\u5236\u6765\u8bf4\u5c24\u5176\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u5e9c\u662f\u4f9d\u9760\u516c\u6c11\u9009\u4e3e\u6765\u5b9a\u671f\u66f4\u66ff\u7684\uff0c\u9009\u6c11\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u5b9a\u671f\u6e05\u9664\u8150\u8d25\u7684\u5b98\u5458\uff0c\u4f46\u6781\u6743\u7edf\u6cbb\u5219\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u3002\u5b83\u4f01\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u4e13\u5236\u6743\u529b\u8fd0\u4f5c\u672c\u8eab\u6765\u6e05\u9664\u5b83\u6240\u4e0d\u80fd\u5bb9\u5fcd\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u8150\u8d25\uff0c\u4e3a\u7684\u662f\u6c38\u8fdc\u5ef6\u7eed\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3002\u7eb3\u7cb9\u4e00\u9762\u5e76\u5c06\u9b4f\u739b\u5171\u548c\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u4f53\u5236\u8bec\u8511\u4e3a&#8220;\u8150\u8d25\u900f\u9876&#8221;\uff0c\u4e00\u9762\u6807\u699c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5ec9\u6d01\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u8150\u8d25\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7167\u6837\u4e0d\u65ad\u5728\u7528\u81ea\u5df1&#8220;\u575a\u6301\u53cd\u8150&#8221;\u6765\u5439\u5618\u5b83\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5ec9\u6d01\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5b83&#8220;\u574f\u4e8b\u53d8\u597d\u4e8b&#8221;\u7684\u4e00\u8d2f\u5ba3\u4f20\u4f0e\u4fe9\u30021943\u5e74\uff0c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684\u4f53\u5236\u6027\u8150\u8d25\u5df2\u7ecf\u5230\u4e86\u75c5\u5165\u818f\u8093\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u515a\u536b\u519b\u6cd5\u5b98\u5eb7\u62c9\u5fb7&#183;\u6469\u6839(Konrad Morgen)\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u9ad8\u8c03\u8d5e\u626c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5236\u5ea6\u7ea0\u6b63\u81ea\u8eab\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c&#8220;\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u5176\u4ed6\u653f\u6743\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u50cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u6743\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u8150\u8d25\u5c55\u5f00\u5982\u6b64\u5f7b\u5e95\u548c\u575a\u51b3\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u3002&#8221;<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans', Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.7999992370605px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #535353; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u53cd\u8150\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u4e5f\u4e3a\u53cd\u8150\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u529f\u5229\u7684(\u8150\u8d25\u6709\u635f\u4e8e\u515a\u56fd\u7684\u5229\u76ca)\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u7684(\u8150\u8d25\u4f7f\u4eba\u4e27\u5931\u4fe1\u4ef0)\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u7531\u8981\u6bd4\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u7406\u7531\u91cd\u8981\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u53cd\u8150\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u7406\u7531\u662f\uff0c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u662f\u6709\u7406\u60f3\u548c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u53cd\u8150\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u6301\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u60f3\u548c\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u53d1\u626c\u5149\u5927\u3002\u515a\u536b\u519b\u5168\u56fd\u9886\u8896\u6d77\u56e0\u91cc\u5e0c&#8226;\u5e0c\u59c6\u83b1\u5bf9\u8150\u8d25\u95ee\u9898\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5fb7\u56fd\u8b66\u5bdf\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u957f\u5b98\uff0c\u4ed6\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u53cd\u8150\u7684\u4e3b\u7ba1\u9886\u5bfc\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0d\u65ad\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u53cd\u8150\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u91cd\u65b0\u6811\u7acb\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u548c\u8fdb\u53d6\u7cbe\u795e\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u6811\u7acb\u4fe1\u4ef0\u548c\u8fdb\u53d6\u7cbe\u795e\u5462?\u8fd9\u540e\u9762\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u5229\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u6c38\u4fdd&#8220;\u7b2c\u4e09\u5e1d\u56fd\u5343\u5e74\u4e0d\u8870&#8221;\u3002\u5343\u5e74\u5e1d\u56fd\u662f\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684\u653f\u6743\uff0c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u53cd\u8150\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8150\u8d25\u4f1a\u4ece\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u635f\u5bb3\u5b83\u7684\u653f\u6743\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u662f\u4f7f\u5b98\u5458\u4e3e\u62d4\u9677\u5165\u4f18\u6c70\u52a3\u80dc\u7684\u53cd\u6dd8\u6c70\u602a\u5708\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u5927\u91cf\u8d2a\u5a6a\u800c\u5e73\u5eb8\u65e0\u80fd\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u662f\u4f7f\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d22\u653f\u53d7\u5230\u635f\u5931\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u662f\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans', Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.7999992370605px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #535353; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684\u53cd\u8150\u5e26\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8003\u91cf\uff0c\u88ab\u8c03\u67e5\u8005\u5982\u679c\u6709&#8220;\u7ed3\u515a\u8425\u79c1&#8221;\u6216&#8220;\u975e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5173\u7cfb\u8054\u7cfb&#8221;\uff0c\u7f6a\u540d\u4f1a\u6bd4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u7684\u8d2a\u8150\u66f4\u4e3a\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u5e0c\u59c6\u83b1\u66fe\u6279\u8bc4\u515a\u536b\u519b\u548c\u8b66\u5bdf\u6cd5\u5ead\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e9b\u8150\u8d25\u72af\u6848\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u5224\u51b3&#8220;\u8fc7\u4e8e\u5bbd\u5927&#8221;\u3002\u5df4\u7ea6\u5c14\u6307\u51fa\uff0c&#8220;\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u73b0\u5b58\u7684\u5e26\u6709\u5224\u51b3\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u6982\u89c8\u8d44\u6599\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4e0e\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u56da\u72af\u3001\u6ce2\u5170\u4eba\u548c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5efa\u7acb\u79c1\u4eba\u5173\u7cfb\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u5904\u7f5a\u8981\u6bd4\u4fb5\u541e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u5904\u7f5a\u4e25\u91cd\u5f97\u591a&#8221;\u3002<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans', Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.7999992370605px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #535353; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u5df4\u7ea6\u5c14\u8fd8\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4ece\u515a\u56fd\u529f\u5229\u51fa\u53d1\u7684\u53cd\u8150\u662f\u673a\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u53cc\u91cd\u6807\u51c6\u7684\uff0c\u53cd\u8150\u5bf9\u5b83\u6709\u7528\u5c31\u53cd\uff0c\u6ca1\u7528\u5c31\u4e0d\u53cd\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u53cd\u8150\u7ecf\u5e38\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u4f5c\u79c0\uff0c\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6597\u4e89\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c&#8220;\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8150\u8d25\u5206\u5b50\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5377\u5165\u4e86\u4f53\u5236\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u6743\u529b\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9760\u5c71\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4\u4eba\u773c\u4e2d\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5229\u7528\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u4fb5\u541e\u4e86\u515a\u53ca\u5176\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c31\u4e0d\u5fc5\u5bb3\u6015\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8150\u8d25\u884c\u4e3a\u53d7\u5230\u68c0\u4e3e\u63a7\u8bc9&#8221;\uff0c&#8220;\u5f88\u591a\u8150\u8d25\u7684\u7eb3\u7cb9\u515a\u4eba\u867d\u7136\u72af\u7f6a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u94c1\u8bc1\u5982\u5c71\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd8\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u900d\u9065\u6cd5\u5916\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u627e\u5230\u653f\u6cbb\u9760\u5c71&#8221;\u3002\u6c11\u4f17\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u53cd\u8150\u53ea\u80fd\u4f5c\u5c40\u5916\u4eba\u7684\u58c1\u4e0a\u89c2\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u6f20\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u597d\u5947\u89c2\u671b\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5e78\u707e\u4e50\u7978\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u987a\u53e3\u6e9c\u662f\uff1a&#8220;\u6253\u6b7b\u82cd\u8747\uff0c\u653e\u8d70\u8001\u864e&#8221;\u3002<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans', Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.7999992370605px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #535353; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u6309\u5730\u4f4d\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u53cd\u8150\u4e5f\u6253\u4e86\u8001\u864e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u6216\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u4e3b\u7ba1\u867d\u7136\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u662f&#8220;\u8001\u864e&#8221;\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u9ad8\u5c42\u773c\u91cc\u6839\u672c\u7b97\u4e0d\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u683c\u4f26\u4f2f\u683c\u5bf9\u6b64\u5199\u9053\uff0c&#8220;\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c0f\u6c60\u5858\u91cc\u7684\u5927\u9c7c\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u9c7c\u65c1\u8fb9\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u5c0f\u9c7c\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u9ca8\u9c7c\u5927\u4e0d\u8fc7\u9cb8\u9c7c\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b(\u4e2d\u5c42\u5b98\u5458)\uff0c\u5728\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u56ed\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7269\u79cd\u5c3a\u5bf8\u662f\u9650\u5236\u597d\u4e86\u7684&#8221;\u3002 \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u52a8\u7269\u56ed\u91cc\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u9664\u4e86\u82cd\u8747\u5c31\u662f\u8001\u864e\u3002\u5c31\u7b97\u662f\u8001\u864e\uff0c\u88ab\u6253\u7684\u4e5f\u5927\u591a\u6570\u662f\u75c5\u8001\u864e\u6216\u843d\u4e86\u5e73\u9633\u7684\u8001\u864e\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u5bf9\u515a\u56fd\u6709\u7528\u7684\u80a1\u80b1\u5927\u8001\u864e\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u78b0\u7684\uff0c&#8220;\u7b2c\u4e09\u5e1d\u56fd\u671f\u95f4\u88ab\u64a4\u804c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7701\u90e8\u4e66\u8bb0\u548c\u653f\u6743\u9ad8\u7ea7\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8150\u8d25\u5012\u53f0\u7684&#8221;\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u6216\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u4e3b\u7ba1\u867d\u7136\u88ab\u666e\u901a\u6c11\u4f17\u770b\u6210\u662f&#8220;\u8001\u864e&#8221;\uff0c\u4e5f\u90fd\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u66ff\u6362\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans', Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.7999992370605px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #535353; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u53cd\u8150\u662f\u5728\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u53d7\u6743\u529b\u5236\u8861\u548c\u76d1\u7763\u7684&#8220;\u4e3b\u7ba1-\u4ee3\u7406&#8221;\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u4e0d\u7ecf\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u9009\u4e3e\uff0c\u800c\u7531\u4e0a\u7ea7\u63d0\u62d4\u7684\u6069\u4e3b&#8212;\u95e8\u5ba2\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u5b83\u4ee5\u7a33\u56fa\u4e13\u5236\u7edf\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u4e3a\u6700\u9ad8\u548c\u6700\u7ec8\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u53cd\u8150\u662f\u6709\u6761\u4ef6\u7684&#8212;&#8212;\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u53cd\u8150\u5bf9\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u548c\u6709\u6548\u7528\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u9650\u5ea6\u7684\u53cd\u8150\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5b83\u5634\u4e0a\u600e\u4e48\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u6c38\u8fdc\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f&#8220;\u96f6\u5bb9\u5fcd&#8221;\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans', Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.7999992370605px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #535353; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u53cd\u8150\uff0c\u90a3\u79cd\u4ee5\u63a5\u8fd1\u96f6\u5bb9\u5fcd\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u53cd\u8150\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684&#8220;\u4e3b\u7ba1-\u4ee3\u7406&#8221;\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684&#8220;\u4e3b\u7ba1-\u4ee3\u7406&#8221;\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3b\u7ba1\u662f\u4eba\u6c11\uff0c\u66f4\u786e\u5207\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u662f\u9009\u6c11\u3002\u5f53\u9009\u6c11\u6309\u7167\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u9009\u62e9(\u9009\u4e3e\u6216\u7f62\u514d)\u5b98\u5458\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u6e05\u695a\u8868\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u8981\u4e89\u53d6\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6743\u76ca\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u88c5\u6a21\u4f5c\u6837\u5730\u6807\u699c\u67d0\u79cd\u9053\u5fb7\u9ad8\u5c1a\u7684\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u7ba1\u4e0d\u662f\u62bd\u8c61\u7684&#8220;\u6c11\u610f&#8221;\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u7684&#8220;\u9009\u7968&#8221;\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u5bb6\u8a79\u59c6\u65af&#183;\u4f2f\u6069\u65af\u7b49\u4eba\u5728\u300a\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u6c11\u610f\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee3\u66ff\u9009\u4e3e\uff0c&#8220;\u9762\u5bf9\u4e00\u5f20\u9009\u7968\uff0c\u9009\u6c11\u5fc5\u987b\u628a\u610f\u89c1\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u5c31\u4eba\u7269\u548c\u653f\u515a\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u51b3\u5b9a\u4ec0\u4e48\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e0d\u6b62\u662f\u53d1\u8868\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4e0d\u6b62\u662f\u53cd\u6620\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u66f4\u662f\u9009\u62e9\u3002&#8221; \u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7531\u516c\u6c11\u4eec\u516c\u5f00\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u5c11\u6570\u4eba\u5728\u5bc6\u5ba4\u4e2d\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\u5c31\u662f\u516c\u5f00\u548c\u8bda\u5b9e\u3002\u5b83\u6309\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u89c4\u5219&#8212;&#8212;\u63a5\u53d7\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u5c11\u6570\u4eba\u7684\u6743\u5229&#8212;&#8212;\u5b9a\u671f\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u53d1\u73b0\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4fbf\u6309\u540c\u6837\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u89c4\u5219\u4e88\u4ee5\u7ea0\u6b63\u3002<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans', Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23.7999992370605px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #535353; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u6c11\u4e3b\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u662f\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u7684&#8220;\u8bda\u5b9e&#8221;\u548c&#8220;\u80fd\u5e72&#8221;\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u5bf9\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u9009\u6c11\u4eec\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u51e0\u4e4e\u4ece\u6765\u90fd\u662f\u8bda\u5b9e\u6bd4\u80fd\u5e72\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u8fd9\u5012\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u666e\u904d\u6bd4\u4e0d\u80fd\u81ea\u7531\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u66f4\u52a0\u8bda\u5b9e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u653f\u6cbb\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u9009\u6c11\u4eec\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u7684\u4e0d\u62ff&#8220;\u8bda\u5b9e&#8221;\u6765\u8981\u6c42\u81ea\u5df1\u652f\u6301\u7684\u67d0\u4f4d\u5019\u9009\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u4f4d\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u9009\u6c11\u4e5f\u8fd8\u662f\u4f1a\u62ff&#8220;\u4e0d\u8bda\u5b9e&#8221;\u6765\u4f5c\u53cd\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002\u8bda\u5b9e\u56e0\u6b64\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u884c\u4e4b\u6709\u6548\u7684\u8d44\u683c\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u9009\u6c11\u4eec\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u8bda\u5b9e\u7d20\u8d28(\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981)\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u4eba\u7fa4\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u4f53\u5236\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5bf9\u4e0d\u8bda\u5b9e\u7684\u4e92\u76f8\u76d1\u7763\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u53ea\u6709\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u624d\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u904f\u5236\u653f\u6cbb\u4eba\u7269\u8150\u8d25\u7684\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u867d\u7136\u9009\u6c11\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5b9e\u7528\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u540c\u6837\u7684\u8bda\u5b9e\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u516c\u5171\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u6700\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5730\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u5f53\u9009\u5b98\u5458\u7684\u8d2a\u8150\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&lt;h1&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;\/h1&gt;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-48411","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-thought","et-doesnt-have-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48411","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=48411"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48411\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=48411"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=48411"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=48411"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}