{"id":49300,"date":"2015-09-13T11:39:00","date_gmt":"2015-09-13T11:39:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:10081\/?p=49300 "},"modified":"2015-09-13T11:39:00","modified_gmt":"2015-09-13T11:39:00","slug":"49300-revision-v1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/?p=49300","title":{"rendered":"\u80e1 \u5e73: \u7b80\u8bc4\u738b\u5c90\u5c71\u6709\u5173\u4e2d\u5171\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u8bba\u8ff0"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS'; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-family: SimSun;\">\u56fd\u5185\u300a\u6f8e\u6e43\u7f51\u300b<\/span>9<span style=\"font-family: SimSun;\">\u6708<\/span>11<span style=\"font-family: SimSun;\">\u65e5\u53d1\u8868\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u79f0&#8220;\u4e2d\u5171\u8bdd\u8bed\u4f53\u7cfb\u83b7\u91cd\u5927\u7a81\u7834\uff1a\u6700\u9ad8\u5c42\u9996\u6b21\u660e\u786e\u8bba\u8ff0<\/span>&#8216;<span style=\"font-family: SimSun;\">\u4e2d\u5171\u5408\u6cd5\u6027<\/span>&#8216;<span style=\"font-family: SimSun;\">&#8221;<\/span><\/p><p style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS'; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-family: SimSun;\">\u6587\u7ae0\u8bf4\uff0c<\/span>9<span style=\"font-family: SimSun;\">\u6708<\/span>9<span style=\"font-family: SimSun;\">\u65e5\uff0c\u738b\u5c90\u5c71\u5728\u4eac\u4f1a\u89c1\u4e00\u6279\u5916\u56fd\u653f\u8981\u548c\u77e5\u540d\u5b66\u8005\u3002\u5b98\u65b9\u901a\u8baf\u793e\u65b0\u534e\u793e\u5728\u5f53\u5929\u7684\u62a5\u9053\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u738b\u5c90\u5c71\u5728\u8c08\u8bdd\u4e2d\u6709\u5173\u6267\u653f\u515a\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u9887\u4e3a\u7740\u58a8\u3002<\/span>9<span style=\"font-family: SimSun;\">\u6708<\/span>10<span style=\"font-family: SimSun;\">\u65e5\u665a\uff0c\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u53f7&#8220;\u5b66\u4e60\u5927\u56fd&#8221;\u520a\u6587\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6b64\u4e3e\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5171\u8bdd\u8bed\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u91cd\u5927\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u7cfb\u4e2d\u5171\u6700\u9ad8\u5c42\u9886\u5bfc\u4ea6\u5373\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u5e38\u59d4\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u9996\u6b21\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e2d\u5171\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6267\u653f\u515a\u80fd\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\u6267\u653f\uff0c\u5f52\u6839\u5230\u5e95\u5728\u4e8e\u653f\u7ee9\u548c\u6c11\u4f17\u652f\u6301\u7387\u3002<\/span><\/p><p style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS'; font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp;<\/p><p style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS'; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-family: SimSun;\">\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u738b\u5c90\u5c71\u8c08\u8bdd\u4e0d\u518d\u56de\u907f&#8220;\u5408\u6cd5\u6027&#8221;\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6240\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u5f70\u663e\u4e2d\u5171\u6267\u653f\u81ea\u4fe1\uff0c\u8574\u542b\u7740\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u5371\u673a\u610f\u8bc6\u3001\u5fe7\u60a3\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u5207\u4e0d\u53ef\u6c89\u6e4e\u4e8e&#8220;\u6253\u5929\u4e0b\u5c31\u80fd\u5750\u5929\u4e0b&#8221;\u7684\u9648\u65e7\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u738b\u5c90\u5c71\u8bf4\uff1a&#8220;\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u6e90\u81ea\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u5fc3\u5411\u80cc\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u529e\u597d\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u770b\u4eba\u6c11\u9ad8\u5174\u4e0d\u9ad8\u5174\u3001\u6ee1\u610f\u4e0d\u6ee1\u610f\u3001\u7b54\u5e94\u4e0d\u7b54\u5e94\u3002&#8221;<\/span><\/p><p style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS'; font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp;<\/p><p style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS'; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-family: SimSun;\">\u6309\u7167\u738b\u5c90\u5c71\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u653f\u6743\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u6765\u81ea\uff1a<\/span>1.<span style=\"font-family: SimSun;\">\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/span>2<span style=\"font-family: SimSun;\">\uff0c\u653f\u7ee9\u3002<\/span>3<span style=\"font-family: SimSun;\">\uff0c\u6c11\u4f17\u652f\u6301\u7387\u3002<\/span><\/p><p style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS'; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-family: SimSun;\">\u73b0\u9010\u4e00\u70b9\u8bc4\uff1a<\/span><\/p><p style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS'; font-size: 16px;\">1<span style=\"font-family: SimSun;\">\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u65e0\u975e\u7528\u6b66\u529b\u593a\u53d6\u4e86\u653f\u6743\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u80fd\u53eb\u505a\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u6216\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u4f60\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u8bf4\uff0c<\/span>370<span style=\"font-family: SimSun;\">\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u5927\u6e05\u671d\uff0c\u5e7f\u5927\u6c49\u65cf\u4eba\u6c11\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u6ee1\u65cf\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/p><p style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS'; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-family: SimSun;\">\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u56e2\u7528\u6b66\u529b\u6210\u529f\u5730\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e86\u65e7\u653f\u6743\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u65b0\u653f\u6743\u3002\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u81ea\u52a8\u8d4b\u4e88\u65b0\u653f\u6743\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u3002\u62a2\u5230\u4e86\u5929\u4e0b\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u738b\uff0c\u62a2\u4e0d\u5230\u5929\u4e0b\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u8d3c\uff0c\u8fd9\u6070\u6070\u662f\u8fdd\u53cd\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u3002\u6309\u7167\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6b66\u529b\u53d6\u80dc\u7684\u653f\u6743\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u6027\u7684\u8fc7\u6e21\u6027\u7684\u653f\u6743\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u6709\u5f85\u901a\u8fc7\u9009\u4e3e\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u4e2d\u5171\u653f\u6743\u662f\u7528\u6b66\u529b\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u9009\u4e3e\u8fd9\u4e00\u5173\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p><p style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS'; font-size: 16px;\">2<span style=\"font-family: SimSun;\">\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u653f\u7ee9\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p><p style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS'; font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp;<\/p><p style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS'; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-family: SimSun;\">\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee5\u6240\u8c13\u653f\u7ee9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5224\u5b9a\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u653f\u7ee9\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u7b97\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p><p style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS'; font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp;<\/p><p style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS'; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-family: SimSun;\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u3001\u4ee5\u653f\u7ee9\u786e\u5b9a\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c\u8fdd\u53cd\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u7684\u672c\u4e49\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u8005\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u95ee\u9898\u4e13\u5bb6\u767d\u9c81\u6d35<\/span>(Lucian&nbsp; W. Pye)<span style=\"font-family: SimSun;\">\u8bf4\u5f97\u597d\uff1a&#8220;\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u6743\u611a\u8822\u5230\u628a\u6210\u529f\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u7edf\u6cbb\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5b9e\u884c\u4e86\u600e\u6837\u6709\u504f\u5dee\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u800c\u4ecd\u65e7\u627f\u8ba4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u653f\u6743\u3002&#8221;\u597d\u6bd4\u5a5a\u59fb\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u7ecf\u53cc\u65b9\u540c\u610f\uff08\u5728\u53e4\u4ee3\u5219\u9700\u53cc\u65b9\u5bb6\u957f\u6216\u76d1\u62a4\u4eba\u540c\u610f\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u529e\u7406\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u624b\u7eed\uff0c\u5355\u5355\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7537\u65b9\u5bf9\u5973\u65b9\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u6cd5\u4e08\u592b\u6240\u5e94\u8be5\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\uff08\u6709\u4e86\u653f\u7ee9\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u51b3\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u53cc\u65b9\u5c31\u5177\u6709\u4e86\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u5f3a\u5978\u3001\u9738\u5360\u548c\u5a5a\u59fb\u8fd8\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b\uff1f\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u4e00\u5bf9\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u592b\u59bb\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u4e00\u65b9\u672a\u80fd\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u5b8c\u6210\u4e08\u592b\u6216\u59bb\u5b50\u7684\u5e94\u5c3d\u4e4b\u8d23\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u672a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u89e3\u9664\u5a5a\u7ea6\uff0c\u8be5\u5a5a\u7ea6\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u5c31\u4f9d\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/span><\/p><p style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS'; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-family: SimSun;\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u3001\u6743\u529b\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u9996\u5148\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5b83\u7684\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5b83\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u6070\u5982\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u9879\u7279\u6b8a\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5982\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u4e39\u5c3c\u65af<\/span>.<span style=\"font-family: SimSun;\">\u6717<\/span>(Dennis H.Wrong)<span style=\"font-family: SimSun;\">\u6240\u8a00\uff0c&#8220;\u4e0d\u662f\u5b83\u7684&#8216;\u5185\u5bb9&#8217;\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b83\u7684&#8216;\u6765\u5934&#8217;\u8d4b\u4e88\u5b83\u4ee5\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u3002&#8221;\u5728\u4e16\u88ad\u5236\u4e0b\uff0c\u6743\u529b\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u6765\u81ea\u8840\u7edf\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u4e16\u88ad\uff1b\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u4e0b\uff0c\u6743\u529b\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u6765\u81ea\u9009\u4e3e\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/p><p style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS'; 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