{"id":4938,"date":"2008-06-01T10:14:58","date_gmt":"2008-06-01T10:14:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:10081\/?p=4938 "},"modified":"2008-06-01T10:14:58","modified_gmt":"2008-06-01T10:14:58","slug":"4938-revision-v1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/?p=4938","title":{"rendered":"\u89e3\u8bfb\u7f8e\u56fd\uff082\uff09\u5baa\u6cd5\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u201c\u6697\u7bb1\u4f5c\u4e1a\u201d\u539f\u5219"},"content":{"rendered":"\u72ec\u7acb\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u7eb8\u5bf9\u5916\u5ba3\u8a00\uff0c\u5b83\u5e94\u5f53\u843d\u5b9e\u5230\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u3002
\u81ea\u7531\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4eba\u751f\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u5b83\u5e94\u5f53\u6210\u7232\u4e00\u79cd\u6587\u660e\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002
\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u5b83\u5e94\u5f53\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
\u2014\u2014\u4f5c\u8005\u9898\u8bb0


\u8001\u82f1\u56fd\u5728\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u5f7c\u5cb8\u4e0b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u86cb\u3002\u8fd9\u53ea\u86cb\u5b75\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u575a\u51b3\u8981\u6c42\u72ec\u7acb\u95e8\u6237\u7684\u9006\u5b50\u3002\u8fd9\u9006\u5b50\u7528\u67aa\u70ae\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff0c\u8d62\u5f97\u72ec\u7acb\u3002\u6b64\u540e\u7acb\u5373\u9047\u5230\u6bd4\u72ec\u7acb\u66f4\u4e3a\u4e25\u5cfb\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u4e0d\u582a\u3002 \u72ec\u7acb\u6218\u4e89\u540e\u7684\u9057\u7559\u95ee\u9898\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u201c\u6c99\u4f0a\u65af\u53cd\u53db\u201d\u57281787\u5e742\u6708\u88ab\u9547\u538b\uff0c3\u6708\u4efd\u5f7b\u5e95\u5e73\u606f\uff0c5\u6708\u7f8e\u56fd\u5404\u5dde\u9886\u8896\u5728\u8d39\u57ce\u53ec\u5f00\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u671f\u95f4\u548c\u4e4b\u540e\u5b66\u4e60\u81ea\u6211\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u5b9e\u8df5\u81ea\u7531\u8981\u4e49\u3002\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u8fd9\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8bba\u53ca\u5177\u4f53\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u62c5\u5fc3\u624b\u4e2d\u6743\u529b\u88ab\u8001\u767e\u59d3\u593a\u8d70\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7531\u4e8e\u6ca1\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u6743\u529b\u6cbb\u7406\u5185\u90e8\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u8c61\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u72ec\u7acb\u4e4b\u540e\u518d\u9020\u7236\u6bcd\uff1b\u8349\u6839\u8302\u5bc6\u539f\u91ce\uff0c\u9042\u5927\u6811\u6210\u6797\u3002



\u201c43\u5c81\u201d\u9ec4\u91d1\u96c6\u56e2


\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5317\u7f8e\u5927\u9646\u4f9d\u65e7\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u5b83\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u98ce\u8c8c\uff1a\u5e73\u539f\u8fbd\u9614\uff0c\u5c71\u5ce6\u8d77\u4f0f\uff0c\u7eff\u6811\u8471\u830f\uff0c\u6d77\u5cb8\u873f\u8712\u3002\u56db\u901a\u516b\u8fbe\u7684\u5185\u9646\u94c1\u8def\u4ea4\u901a\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u767e\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u624d\u80fd\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u98de\u673a\u5219\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u957f\u4e45\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u624d\u5f97\u53d1\u660e\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u8fd9\u7247\u65b0\u5927\u9646\u4ece\u5357\u4e36\u5317\u4e36\u897f\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u9053\u8def\u548c\u4e1c\u90e8\u6cbf\u6d77\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u6b63\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u6301\u7eed\u5730\u671d\u5411\u4e1c\u90e8\u6d77\u5cb8\u57ce\u5e02\u8d39\u57ce\uff0c\u505a\u957f\u9014\u65c5\u884c\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e58\u5750\u56db\u8f6e\u9a6c\u8f66\u6d77\u8239\u6216\u9a91\u9a6c\u3002\u4e00\u8d70\u5c31\u662f\u8bb8\u591a\u5929\u3002

\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u6279\u7f8e\u56fd\u5efa\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u7531\u4e94\u5341\u4e94\u540d\u6765\u81ea\u65b0\u5927\u9646\u5341\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5dde\uff08\u7f57\u5fb7\u5c9b\u5dde\u9664\u5916\uff09\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u6784\u6210\u3002\u582a\u4e3a\u5317\u7f8e\u8fd9\u5757\u201c\u8fe6\u5357\u4e4b\u5730\u201d\u6765\u81ea\u4e1c\u5357\u897f\u5317\u5404\u5730\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u516b\u4f4d\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u5ba3\u8a00\u7b7e\u7f72\u4eba\uff1b\u51e0\u4e4e\u5168\u90e8\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u72ec\u7acb\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\uff1b\u534a\u6570\u4ee5\u4e0a\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5927\u9646\u4f1a\u8bae\u4ee3\u8868\u6216\u540e\u6765\u7684\u56fd\u5927\u4ee3\u8868\uff1b\u591a\u6570\u5728\u672c\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272\uff1b\u6709\u51e0\u4f4d\u66fe\u4efb\u65b0\u5927\u9646\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u5916\u4ea4\u5b98\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u5c11\u6570\u51e0\u4f4d\u8004\u800b\u8001\u8005\u3002\u5927\u591a\u5e74\u9f84\u572820\u591a\u5c81\u523030\u662f\u591a\u5c81\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u5e74\u9f84\u662f43\u5c81\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c43\u5c81\u201d\u7684\u9ec4\u91d1\u5c81\u96c6\u56e2\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5e74\u9f84\u8986\u76d6\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u6210\u719f\u671f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u667a\u6167\u8986\u76d6\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u6027\u4e36\u7ecf\u9a8c\u56ca\u62ec\u6b27\u7f8e\u51b2\u7a81\u4e36\u7cbe\u795e\u751f\u547d\u62e5\u6709\u5b8c\u5907\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u4e0e\u4ee3\u8c22\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7cbe\u901a\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u548c\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\uff0c\u719f\u8bfb\u5386\u53f2\u6216\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u6089\u77e5\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u7c7b\u6587\u660e\u548c\u4eba\u6027\u5f31\u70b9\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4fe1\u5949\u53e4\u5178\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u8ba4\u7232\u90a3\u662f\u5baa\u6cd5\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u201c\u61c2\u5f97\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u8ffd\u6c42\u81ea\u7531\u751f\u6d3b\u800c\u4e0d\u60dc\u79bb\u4e61\u80cc\u4e95\u7684\u5f00\u62d3\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u8ffd\u6c42\u6743\u529b\u548c\u70ab\u8000\u8363\u8000\u800c\u5bfb\u6c42\u5f81\u6218\u7684\u91ce\u5fc3\u5bb6\u3002\u8d23\u4efb\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u4e49\u6c14\u4e36\u865a\u8363\u4e36\u4e2a\u4eba\u504f\u597d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u91cd\u5927\u5229\u76ca\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u7684\u6289\u62e9\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5954\u8d74\u8d39\u57ce\uff0c\u53bb\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u51b3\u5b9a\u65b0\u5927\u9646\u672a\u6765\u547d\u8fd0\u7684\u5927\u4f1a\uff1a\u5efa\u7acb\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u4ece\u672a\u6709\u8fc7\u7684\u65b0\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002

\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u51e0\u4f4d\u662f\u4e2d\u575a\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u4e54\u6cbb•\u534e\u76db\u987f\uff0c55\u5c81\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b03\u4fe1\u72ec\u7acb\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u519c\u592b\uff0c\u5728\u72ec\u7acb\u6218\u4e89\u4e0e\u6218\u540e\u5931\u671b\u4e8e\u65b0\u5927\u9646\u7684\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u5378\u4efb\u516c\u804c\uff0c\u9000\u5b88\u5bb6\u56ed\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u5f17\u519c\u5c71\u5e84\uff08Mount Vernon\uff09\u519c\u573a\u3002\u8fd9\u4f4d\u7f8e\u56fd\u72ec\u7acb\u6218\u4e89\u9886\u8896\u6bd5\u751f\u70ed\u7231\u7530\u56ed\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u519c\u5e84\u624d\u4f1a\u653e\u58f0\u5927\u7b11\uff0c\u5207\u671b\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u6ce2\u6258\u9a6c\u514b\u6cb3\u5cb8\u4e00\u540d\u666e\u901a\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u628a\u79bb\u5f00\u5bb6\u4e61\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6f2b\u957f\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u5c81\u6708\u201d\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u591a\u5c11\u519b\u5a01\u8363\u8000\uff0c\u201c\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u65ad\u7edd\u8fc7\u9690\u9000\u56de\u4e61\u7684\u5ff5\u5934\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u628a\u56fd\u5927\u8046\u542c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6218\u5f8c\u8f9e\u804c\u58f0\u660e\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4f1f\u5927\u4e8b\u4ef6\u201d\uff1a\u201c\u4f7f\u6211\u80fd\u591f\u8f9e\u804c\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7ec8\u4e8e\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u201d\u30021783\u5e74\u548c\u5e73\u534f\u8bae\u7b7e\u8ba2\uff0c\u5723\u8bde\u8282\u524d\u5915\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u4ed6\u201c\u6709\u5e78\u5411\u56fd\u5927\u81f4\u4ee5\u771f\u8bda\u7684\u795d\u8d3a\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u8981\u6c42\u4ed6\u4eec\u6536\u56de\u5bf9\u6211\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4e0d\u518d\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u4f4d\u4f17\u671b\u6240\u5f52\u7684\u5c06\u519b\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u519c\u5e84\u57cb\u9996\u519c\u827a\u4e36\u56ed\u827a\u548c\u5efa\u7b51\uff0c\u8c22\u7edd\u4e86\u6240\u5728\u5bbe\u5dde\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5bf9\u65b0\u5927\u9646\u6240\u505a\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u800c\u5411\u56fd\u5927\u7533\u8bf7\u62a5\u916c\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u4e5f\u8c22\u7edd\u4e86\u8001\u670b\u53cb\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4f5c\u4f20\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u6218\u540e\u8f9e\u4efb\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u65e0\u6cd5\u62d2\u7edd\u7ebd\u7ea6\u8fce\u63a5\u4ed6\u524d\u53bb\u8d70\u8bbf\u7684\u4e0a\u4e07\u6c11\u4f17\u548c\u7f24\u7eb7\u70df\u706b\uff0c\u5f53\u4ed6\u6700\u7ec8\u63a5\u53d7\u53cb\u4eba\u7684\u9080\u8bf7\uff0c\u4ece\u6301\u7eed\u89c2\u6ce8\u65b0\u5927\u9646\u5371\u673a\u7684\u5fe7\u90c1\u4e2d\u518d\u5ea6\u51fa\u5c71\uff0c\u62b5\u8fbe\u8d39\u57ce\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u65e0\u6cd5\u8c22\u7edd\u8d39\u57ce\u4e3a\u8fce\u63a5\u4ed6\u800c\u9e23\u54cd\u7684\u793c\u70ae\u3002\u534e\u76db\u987f\u662f\u65b0\u5927\u9646\u7684\u4e2d\u6d41\u7825\u67f1\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5230\u573a\u662f\u73b0\u5b9e\u8854\u63a5\u5386\u53f2\u4e0e\u672a\u6765\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u52aa\u529b\u83b7\u5f97\u6210\u529f\u7684\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3002

\u534e\u76db\u987f\u62b5\u8fbe\u8d39\u57ce\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u662f\u62dc\u8bbf\u672c\u6770\u660e•\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\uff08Benjamin Franklin\uff09\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u8896\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u679781\u5c81\uff0c\u662f\u4e0e\u4f1a\u8005\u4e2d\u6700\u5e74\u957f\u8005\u3002\u4ed6\u867d\u7136\u5e74\u8fc8\u4f53\u8870\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5fc3\u667a\u5f3a\u5065\u3002\u540e\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u4f4d\u7f8e\u56fd\u56db\u4efd\u91cd\u8981\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u201c\u72ec\u7acb\u5ba3\u8a00\u201d\u4e36\u201c\u548c\u5e73\u534f\u8bae\u201d\u4e36\u201c\u7f8e\u6cd5\u8054\u76df\u534f\u8bae\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u201d\u7684\u7b7e\u7f72\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u8d39\u57ce\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u626e\u6f14\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u662f\u4e25\u91cd\u4e89\u6267\u4e2d\u51b2\u52a8\u60c5\u7eea\u7684\u51b7\u5374\u5242\u548c\u5206\u88c2\u5371\u673a\u7684\u8c03\u89e3\u4eba\u3002

\u4e0e\u4f1a\u8005\u9752\u5e74\u5c42\u4e2d\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4eba\u7269\u662f36\u5c81\u7684\u8a79\u59c6\u65af•\u9ea6\u8fea\u900a\uff08James Madison\uff09\u3002\u65e9\u5728\u72ec\u7acb\u6218\u4e89\u80dc\u5229\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u6d1e\u89c1\u65b0\u5927\u9646\u5371\u8c61\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u95ee\u9898\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u5c55\u4e3a\u5546\u8d38\u58c1\u5792\uff0c\u4ed6\u56e0\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5168\u529b\u5021\u5bfc\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4ed6\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u7ec8\u8bf4\u670d\u534e\u76db\u987f\u51fa\u5e2d\u8d39\u57ce\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u4eba\u548c\u534e\u76db\u987f\u7684\u4eb2\u5bc6\u670b\u53cb\u3002\u9ea6\u8fea\u900a\u77ee\u5c0f\u800c\u8c22\u9876\uff0c\u817c\u8146\u800c\u53e3\u62d9\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u601d\u60f3\u654f\u6377\uff0c\u5fc3\u667a\u6781\u9ad8\uff0c\u8a00\u884c\u5766\u7387\u3002\u4ed6\u5bf9\u6b27\u6d32\u653f\u6cbb\u6587\u660e\u8c19\u719f\u4e8e\u5fc3\uff0c\u5bf9\u4ece\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u96c5\u5178\u57ce\u90a6\u5236\u5230\u82f1\u56fd\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u4e86\u5982\u6307\u638c\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u6b27\u6d32\u653f\u6cbb\u6587\u660e\u4f20\u7edf\u4e4b\u53c2\u7167\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u73b0\u72b6\u548c\u672a\u6765\u8d70\u52bf\u8ba4\u77e5\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u5e94\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8fd9\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u8bae\u7a0b\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u8651\u3002\u90a3\u4e2a\u521d\u590f\u7684\u4e94\u6708\uff0c\u9ea6\u8fea\u900a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u62b5\u8fbe\u8d39\u57ce\uff0c\u968f\u8eab\u5e26\u4e86\u4e24\u6837\u4e1c\u897f\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u4ed6\u8d77\u8349\u7684\u5173\u65bc\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u201c\u7ef4\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9a\u8349\u6848\u201d\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u6570\u767e\u672c\u82f1\u56fd\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u6709\u5173\u897f\u65b9\u653f\u6cbb\u6587\u660e\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u548c\u6587\u732e\u3002\u8d81\u4f1a\u8bae\u5c1a\u672a\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0e\u53e6\u5916\u4e24\u4f4d\u5e94\u4ed6\u4e4b\u7ea6\u968f\u540e\u63d0\u524d\u62b5\u8fbe\u7684\u7ef4\u5dde\u4ee3\u8868\u5546\u91cf\u5e76\u4fee\u8ba2\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8349\u6848\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u4ed6\u5c4f\u606f\u7b49\u5f85\u5927\u4f1a\u5f00\u5e55\u3002\u4ed6\u51c6\u5907\u5411\u5927\u4f1a\u63d0\u4ea4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8349\u6848\uff0c\u5e76\u56de\u7b54\u6240\u6709\u4e0e\u4f1a\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ed6\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u5dde\u7684\u8349\u6848\u4f1a\u63d0\u51fa\u4ed6\u5c06\u8981\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u8bae\u6848\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8349\u6848\u6210\u4e3a\u4f1a\u8bae\u8ba8\u8bba\u91cd\u70b9\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u8d39\u57ce\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u7684\u8bde\u751f\uff0c\u6539\u5199\u4e86\u65b0\u5927\u9646\u5386\u53f2\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u5f53\u65f6\u548c\u540e\u6765\u4ed6\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u6cd5\u5236\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u5f00\u5c71\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6709\u201c\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e4b\u7236\u201d\u4e4b\u79f0\u3002



\u201c\u6697\u7bb1\u4f5c\u4e1a\u201d\u539f\u5219


\u718f\u98ce\u65e5\u6e10\u76845\u6708\uff0c\u5f53\u5e74\u7b7e\u7f72\u72ec\u7acb\u5ba3\u8a00\u7684\u8d39\u57ce\u8bae\u4f1a\u5385\uff08\u540e\u79f0\u201c\u72ec\u7acb\u5927\u5385\u201d\uff09\u5927\u95e8\u655e\u5f00\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u5b83\u7684\u4e3b\u4eba\u4eec\u300214\u53f7\u6b63\u5f0f\u5f00\u4f1a\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5dde\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u62b5\u8fbe\uff1a\u7ef4\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5dde\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u548c\u5bbe\u5915\u6cd5\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5dde\u5fb7\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u9a6c\u80cc\u4ea4\u901a\uff0c\u8def\u7a0b\u9065\u8fdc\uff0c\u957f\u9014\u8dcb\u6d89\uff0c\u663c\u591c\u517c\u7a0b\u3002\u8d39\u57ce\u4e1c\u5317\u90e8\u7684\u7ebd\u6c49\u666e\u90e1\uff08New Hampshire)\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u51fa\u95e8\u4e0a\u9a6c\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e24\u5468\u7684\u8def\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u8d39\u57ce\u4ee5\u5357\u7684\u4e54\u6cbb\u4e9a\u5dde\uff08Georgia\uff09\u5219\u9700\u8981\u4e09\u4e2a\u793c\u62dc\u624d\u80fd\u8fdb\u5165\u8d39\u57ce\u9886\u5730\u3002\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4ee3\u8868\u59d7\u59d7\u6765\u8fdf\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5355\u9a91\u5b64\u65c5\uff0c\u4e09\u4e09\u4e24\u4e24\u96f6\u661f\u62b5\u8fbe\u3002\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u524d\u201c\u6c99\u4f0a\u65af\u53db\u4e71\u201d\u7684\u67aa\u58f0\u662f\u65e0\u5f62\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u4ee4\uff0c\u5148\u884c\u62b5\u8fbe\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u770b\u4f3c\u65e0\u4eba\u6000\u7591\u5176\u4ed6\u5dde\u5404\u4ee3\u8868\u5fc5\u5c06\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4f1a\u8bae\u5927\u5385\u3002

\u65e5\u590d\u4e00\u65e5\uff0c\u5341\u4e00\u5929\u8fc7\u53bb\u540e\uff0c\u4e03\u4e2a\u5dde\u2014\u2014\u534a\u6570\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5dde\u2014\u2014\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u62b5\u8fbe\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u8868\u51b3\u6743\u4e86\u3002\u90a3\u662f5\u670825\u53f7\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u51b3\u5b9a\u4f1a\u8bae\u6b63\u5f0f\u5f00\u59cb\u3002

\u4f1a\u8bae\u4f5c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u5b9a\u534e\u76db\u987f\u505a\u5927\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u6307\u5b9a\u7ef4\u5dde\u4e36\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5dde\u548c\u5357\u5361\u7f57\u6765\u7eb3\u5dde\u7684\u4e09\u4f4d\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u5236\u8ba2\u5927\u4f1a\u89c4\u5219\u3002

\u89c4\u5219\u65cb\u5373\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u662f\u5bf9\u5916\u4e25\u683c\u4fdd\u5bc6\uff0c\u5373\u4eca\u65e5\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u9ed1\u7bb1\u4f5c\u4e1a\u201d\uff1a\u4f1a\u8bae\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5173\u7d27\u4f1a\u8bae\u5927\u5385\u7684\u95e8\u5e76\u7531\u8b66\u536b\u628a\u5b88\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u62a5\u7eb8\u8bb0\u8005\u4e0d\u5f97\u5165\u5185\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4e0e\u4f1a\u65e0\u5173\u4eba\u5458\u4e00\u6982\u4e0d\u5f97\u5165\u5185\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4ee3\u8868\u4e0d\u5f97\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u516c\u5f00\u573a\u5408\u8ba8\u8bba\u4efb\u4f55\u4f1a\u8bae\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u66f4\u4e0d\u8bb8\u900f\u9732\u7ed9\u4efb\u4f55\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4eb2\u670b\u597d\u53cb\u3002

\u8d39\u57ce\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u4fdd\u5bc6\u539f\u5219\u52bf\u4e0d\u53ef\u514d\u5730\u5f15\u8d77\u8d1f\u9762\u6548\u679c\uff1a\u9996\u5148\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u8206\u8bba\u832b\u7136\u3002\u731c\u6d4b\u548c\u8c23\u8a00\u7eb7\u7136\u800c\u8d77\u3002

\u65b0\u5927\u9646\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4ece\u6765\u968f\u5546\u8239\u9001\u62b5\u6b27\u6d32\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6162\uff0c\u5374\u6e90\u6e90\u4e0d\u65ad\u3002\u4fdd\u5bc6\u89c4\u5219\u65bd\u884c\u524d\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u77e5\u9053\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u53ec\u5f00\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u4e49\u72b6\u51b5\u8ba8\u8bba\u56fd\u4e8b\uff0c\u534e\u76db\u987f\u505a\u5927\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u4f1a\u8bae\u5927\u95e8\u7d27\u95ed\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4eec\u5404\u4e2a\u51fa\u5165\u4e25\u8083\uff0c\u7709\u5934\u7d27\u76b1\uff0c\u5bf9\u4efb\u4f55\u6253\u63a2\u6d88\u606f\u8005\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u6447\u5934\uff0c\u4e00\u58f0\u4e0d\u542d\u3002\u65f6\u95f4\u4e00\u5929\u5929\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u7fd8\u9996\u5f85\u671b\u800c\u597d\u5947\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u5c31\u53ea\u6709\u6273\u6307\u5934\u6570\u65e5\u5b50\u7684\u4efd\u4e86\u3002\u7a77\u6781\u65e0\u804a\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u5f00\u59cb\u81ea\u5df1\u201c\u5f00\u4f1a\u201d\uff1a\u65b0\u5927\u9646\u90a3\u5e2e\u519c\u6c11\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u9501\u5728\u5317\u7f8e\u5927\u519c\u573a\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u80af\u5b9a\u6b63\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u5173\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u738b\uff0c\u6cbb\u7406\u4ed6\u4eec\u90a3\u7247\u5927\u9646\u4e0a\u5341\u4e09\u4e2a\u5dde\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u541b\u4e3b\u7acb\u5baa\u6bd4\u8f83\u5408\u9002\u3002\u800c\u5171\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u53ea\u5408\u9002\u4e8e\u6cbb\u7406\u5c0f\u9886\u571f\u548c\u5c0f\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u745e\u58eb\uff0c\u4e0d\u5408\u9002\u5317\u7f8e\u5dde\u90a3\u5927\u7247\u7684\u571f\u5730\u548c\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5dde\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u751a\u81f3\u987a\u7740\u8fd9\u4e2a\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u66ff\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u63a8\u6d4b\uff1a\u7a76\u7adf\u6b27\u6d32\u54ea\u4e00\u4f4d\u738b\u5b50\u5c06\u5e94\u9080\u51fa\u4efb\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u738b\uff1f\u5927\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u56fd\u738b\u4e54\u6cbb\u4e09\u4e16\u4e4b\u5b50\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u91cc\u514b•\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u5854\u65af\uff08Frederick Augustus\uff09\u8fd8\u662f\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u5e1d\u56fd\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u56fd\u738b\u5a01\u5ec9\u4e00\u4e16\u7684\u5341\u4e09\u516c\u5b50\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u91cc\u514b•\u4ea8\u5229\uff08Frederick Henry Louis \uff09\u72ec\u7acb\u5927\u5385\u5bf9\u5916\u8d8a\u662f\u6773\u7136\u65e0\u58f0\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u8d8a\u662f\u5435\u5f97\u5389\u5bb3\u3002

\u8d39\u57ce\u65e0\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u5c0f\u9053\u6d88\u606f\u4e0d\u80eb\u800c\u8d70\uff0c\u7a7f\u6d0b\u8d8a\u6d77\uff0c\u6563\u5e03\u4e8e\u65b0\u5927\u9646\u3002\u8fde\u9971\u53d7\u82f1\u56fd\u538b\u5236\u4e4b\u82e6\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u90fd\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u4f20\u6765\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u662f\u771f\u7684\u3002

\u9664\u4e86\u65e5\u76ca\u903c\u771f\u7684\u7eb7\u7ead\u4f20\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u6279\u8bc4\u3002\u6279\u8bc4\u6765\u81ea\u6700\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u72ec\u7acb\u5ba3\u8a00\u4e3b\u8981\u8d77\u8349\u4eba\uff0c\u6258\u9a6c\u65af•\u6770\u5f17\u900a\uff08Thomas Jefferson\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4f4d\u72ec\u7acb\u610f\u8bc6\u6838\u5fc3\u4eba\u7269\u5f53\u65f6\u6b63\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u51fa\u4efb\u7279\u4f7f\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u51fa\u5e2d\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002\u4ed6\u575a\u5b9a\u5730\u4fe1\u5949\u8a00\u8bba\u548c\u65b0\u95fb\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u5728\u9065\u8fdc\u7684\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u5f7c\u5cb8\u542c\u8bf4\u4e86\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u4fdd\u5bc6\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u4ed6\u8868\u793a\u4e86\u6781\u5927\u7684\u6124\u6012\u3002

\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e4e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u4e36\u6c11\u65cf\u547d\u8fd0\u7684\u5927\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5236\u5b9a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5baa\u6cd5\u7684\u5927\u4f1a\uff0c\u5c82\u80fd\u5bb9\u4e00\u5c0f\u64ae\u4eba\u5173\u8d77\u95e8\u6765\u4e36\u80cc\u7740\u6c11\u4f17\uff0c\u9ed1\u7bb1\u4f5c\u4e1a\uff1f\uff01\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8d28\u95ee\u548c\u4e49\u6124\uff0c\u5929\u7ecf\u5730\u4e49\uff0c\u4e0d\u5bb9\u7f6e\u7591\u3002

\u7136\u800c\u5386\u53f2\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u9879\u4fdd\u5bc6\u539f\u5219\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u667a\u6167\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002

\u56db\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6770\u5f17\u900a\u7684\u77e5\u4ea4\uff0c\u8d39\u57ce\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u4e2d\u575a\u4eba\u7269\u9ea6\u8fea\u900a\u5bf9\u8d39\u57ce\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u4fdd\u5bc6\u539f\u5219\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u4fdd\u5bc6\u89c4\u5219\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e0e\u4f1a\u4ee3\u8868\u7545\u6240\u6b32\u8a00\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6b64\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u968f\u65f6\u4fee\u6b63\u89c1\u89e3\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5927\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5916\u516c\u5f00\uff0c\u5c06\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u613f\u610f\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u8868\u8fc7\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u4f5c\u51fa\u4fee\u6b63\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u5c31\u7b49\u4e8e\u8ba4\u53ef\u5148\u524d\u7684\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u3002\u9ea6\u8fea\u900a\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u65e0\u4eba\u613f\u610f\u516c\u5f00\u627f\u8ba4\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f1a\u8bae\u5185\u5bb9\u5bf9\u5916\u516c\u5f00\uff0c\u5baa\u6cd5\u5927\u4f1a\u5fc5\u7136\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u7b49\u4e8e\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ece\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u4e36\u8131\u79bb\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u89c2\u5ff5\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u611a\u8822\u5730\u606a\u5b88\u4e00\u65f6\u4e00\u5730\u4e00\u4eba\u4e00\u5634\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8ffd\u6c42\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u516c\u5f00\u5316\u548c\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\uff0c\u8d39\u57ce\u5927\u4f1a\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u8ba8\u8bba\u5fc5\u5c06\u5f52\u4e8e\u5931\u8d25\u3002

\u6ca1\u6709\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u62bd\u8c61\u81ea\u7531\u539f\u5219\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u7acb\u5baa\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u7f8e\u56fd\u53ca\u5176\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u65e0\u4ece\u5efa\u7acb\u3002



\u201c\u6697\u7bb1\u4f5c\u4e1a\u201d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531


\u81ea\u7531\u4e0d\u662f\u4ea7\u54c1\u5546\u6807\uff0c\u62ff\u6765\u8d34\u4e0a\u7279\u5b9a\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u8bc1\u660e\u8d27\u771f\u4ef7\u5b9e\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u4e43\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u6700\u6df1\u6c89\u4e5f\u6700\u590d\u6742\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u5f31\u70b9\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5404\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u56e2\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u4ef7\u503c\u76f8\u4e92\u4ea4\u7f20\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u5151\u73b0\u9700\u8981\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5b9e\u65bd\u4fdd\u969c\u3002\u591a\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\u89e3\u5bc6\u7684\u8d39\u57ce\u4f1a\u8bae\u8bb0\u5f55\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u9ea6\u8fea\u900a\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5b8c\u5168\u7b26\u5408\u5b9e\u60c5\u3002

\u4f1a\u8bae\u610f\u4e49\u6df1\u8fdc\u4e36\u6240\u8bae\u5185\u5bb9\u91cd\u5927\u662f\u4e0d\u8a00\u800c\u55bb\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u3002\u8ba8\u8bba\u5fc5\u987b\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u5fc5\u987b\u5f7b\u5e95\u5145\u5206\u53d1\u8868\u610f\u89c1\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5728\u4fdd\u5bc6\u89c4\u5219\u5236\u5b9a\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8d39\u57ce\u4f1a\u8bae\u4ee3\u8868\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u786e\u7acb\u7684\u6b63\u662f\u7545\u6240\u6b32\u8a00\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u3002\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u8868\u8fbe\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7edd\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u548c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u4eba\u5c3d\u5176\u8a00\uff1a\u4efb\u4f55\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c31\u4efb\u4f55\u8bae\u9898\uff0c\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u8bae\u9898\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u5f02\u8bae\uff1b\u5305\u62ec\u5c31\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u63d0\u51fa\u5f02\u8bae\uff0c\u5bf9\u8868\u51b3\u8fc7\u7684\u8bae\u9898\u63d0\u51fa\u5f02\u8bae\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea\u5df1\u540c\u610f\u8fc7\u7684\u8bae\u9898\u63d0\u51fa\u4fee\u6b63\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u6709\u5f02\u8bae\uff0c\u6b64\u9879\u8bae\u9898\u4fbf\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u5e76\u91cd\u65b0\u8868\u51b3\u3002

\u6b63\u5982\u7ef4\u5dde\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u63d0\u4ea4\u9ea6\u8fea\u900a\u8d77\u8349\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u8349\u6848\u65f6\u6240\u8a00\uff1a\u201c\u606d\u8bf7\u968f\u610f\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u52a1\u5fc5\u5145\u5206\u8ba8\u8bba\u201d\u3002\u8d39\u57ce\u4f1a\u8bae\u5c31\u8bf8\u591a\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fc7\u4e36\u8868\u51b3\u8fc7\u7684\u8bae\u9898\u91cd\u65b0\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e36\u91cd\u65b0\u8868\u51b3\u662f\u5bb6\u5e38\u4fbf\u996d\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u8bae\u9898\u4e0d\u4ec5\u91cd\u65b0\u8ba8\u8bba\u548c\u8868\u51b3\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u591a\u6b21\u91cd\u590d\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u591a\u6b21\u91cd\u65b0\u8868\u51b3\u3002\u53cd\u590d\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e36\u8868\u51b3\u6700\u591a\u7684\u8bae\u9898\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u662f\u603b\u7edf\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ee3\u8868\u4eec\u5728\u4eba\u6c11\u76f4\u9009\u4e36\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u6784\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u5b9a\u548c\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u6784\u6307\u5b9a\u9009\u4e3e\u4eba\u9009\u4e3e\u4ea7\u751f\u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u6e38\u79fb\u4e0d\u5b9a\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65b9\u6848\u90fd\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86\u8ba8\u8bba\u548c\u5229\u5f0a\u6743\u8861\uff0c\u90fd\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u8868\u51b3\u548c\u518d\u8868\u51b3\uff0c\u505a\u51fa\u8fc7\u51b3\u5b9a\u548c\u518d\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u5927\u4f1a\u5168\u4f53\u4ee3\u8868\u5c31\u8fd9\u4e00\u7a0b\u5e8f\u91cd\u590d\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e36\u91cd\u590d\u8868\u51b3\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u9ad8\u8fbe60\u6b21\u3002

\u5f88\u96be\u60f3\u8c61\uff0c\u8bbe\u82e5\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u95e8\u4fdd\u5bc6\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u65b0\u95fb\u8bb0\u8005\u8ffd\u8e2a\u62a5\u9053\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5728\u4f17\u76ee\u777d\u777d\u4e36\u8206\u8bba\u7eb7\u7eb7\u7684\u5916\u754c\u538b\u529b\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u5982\u6b64\u7545\u6240\u6b32\u8a00\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u53d1\u8868\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u5e76\u53cd\u590d\u6743\u8861\u5229\u5f0a\uff0c\u65e0\u6240\u987e\u5fcc\u5730\u81ea\u6211\u5426\u5b9a\uff0c\u63a8\u7ffb\u51b3\u8bae\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u610f\u89c1\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u505a\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6289\u62e9\u3002

\u865a\u8363\u5fc3\u4eba\u7686\u6709\u4e4b\u3002\u5f53\u4f17\u8ba4\u9519\u4e0d\u662f\u4eba\u4e4b\u6240\u957f\u3002\u9541\u5149\u706f\u4e0b\u4e89\u5f3a\u597d\u80dc\u867d\u7136\u611a\u8822\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u559c\u6b22\u81ea\u547d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u6240\u96be\u514d\u3002\u4eba\u975e\u5723\u8d24\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u523b\u610f\u4fee\u70bc\uff0c\u7edd\u5c11\u6709\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u8d85\u8d8a\u865a\u8363\uff0c\u5fcd\u8fb1\u8d1f\u91cd\u3002\u9020\u7269\u5728\u5929\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5341\u5168\u5341\u7f8e\uff0c\u201cNo one perfect\u201d\uff0c \u7f8e\u56fd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u667a\u8005\u773c\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u6027\u201d\u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u9ad8\u5c1a\u201d\u4e36\u201c\u9ad8\u8d35\u201d\u4e36\u201c\u9ad8\u96c5\u201d\u4e36\u201c\u7eaf\u6d01\u201d\u7684\u4ee3\u540d\u8bcd\u3002\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4f20\u7edf\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u6df1\u5165\u9aa8\u9ad3\u4e36\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u6e90\u81ea\u8840\u8109\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e36\u540c\u60c5\u4e36\u5bbd\u5bb9\uff0c\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4f17\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e0a\u4e36\u4e00\u795e\u4e4b\u4e0b\u4e4b\u524d\u63d0\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6d1e\u6089\u5e76\u8ba4\u53ef\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u6392\u9664\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7f3a\u9677\u5728\u8d39\u57ce\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u8bae\u9898\u4e0a\u5f62\u6210\u5e72\u6270\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8ba8\u8bba\u6f14\u4e3a\u5f7c\u6b64\u51f6\u7ec8\u9699\u672b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u843d\u5165\u843d\u5165\u5feb\u610f\u6069\u4ec7\u7684\u4eba\u6027\u8bef\u533a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u5141\u8bb8\u81ea\u6211\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7acb\u5373\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u4fdd\u5bc6\u539f\u5219\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u8bf4\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u667a\u6167\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u667a\u6167\u8bda\u7136\u5728\u4e8e\u8ba4\u8bc6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5e76\u5145\u5206\u53d1\u6325\uff0c\u66f4\u96be\u80fd\u53ef\u8d35\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u627f\u8ba4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u52a3\u52bf\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u5b83\u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u8d39\u57ce\u4f1a\u8bae\u4ee3\u8868\u4eec\u5c4f\u853d\u4f17\u76ee\u777d\u777d\u7684\u76d1\u89c6\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8425\u79c1\u821e\u5f0a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8ffd\u6c42\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u4e0d\u8d70\u504f\u950b\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f9d\u9760\u5236\u5ea6\u4f9d\u9760\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u4eba\u6027\u4e0d\u4f9d\u9760\u4eba\u6027\u3002\u4fdd\u5bc6\u89c4\u77e9\u4e00\u7acb\uff0c\u4eba\u6027\u5f31\u70b9\u7684\u7528\u6b66\u4e4b\u5730\u4ece\u5168\u7f8e\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u821e\u53f0\u7f29\u5c0f\u4e3a\u8d39\u57ce\u72ec\u7acb\u5927\u5385\u5185\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u53d1\u8a00\u8bae\u8bba\u8fd8\u662f\u4e3e\u624b\u8868\u51b3\uff0c\u771f\u8bda\u6709\u4e86\u89c4\u77e9\u505a\u8f85\u52a9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u667a\u5546\u4e00\u6d41\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u5750\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6458\u4e0b\u9762\u5177\uff0c\u5e9f\u7f6e\u865a\u8363\uff0c\u51c0\u5316\u5224\u65ad\u529b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5ed3\u6e05\u4eba\u6027\u5f31\u70b9\u7684\u5e72\u6270\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u5c65\u884c\u81ea\u5df1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5404\u5dde\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u804c\u8d23\uff0c\u4ee5\u771f\u7406\u4e3a\u552f\u4e00\u5750\u6807\uff0c\u5411\u7740\u5b83\u6301\u7eed\u800c\u575a\u5b9a\u5730\u63a8\u8fdb\u3002\u6bd4\u8d77\u9ad8\u4e3e\u201c\u4eba\u6027\u201d\u65d7\u5e1c\u800c\u65e0\u89c6\u81ea\u8eab\u4eba\u6027\u5f31\u70b9\u4e36\u4e60\u60ef\u9053\u5fb7\u88c1\u5224\u5374\u65e0\u7ec8\u6781\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e36\u575a\u5b9a\u8ffd\u6c42\u81ea\u7531\u5374\u65e0\u89c6\u5178\u7ae0\u5236\u5ea6\u4e36\u5f3a\u5316\u4e2a\u4eba\u8868\u8fbe\u800c\u8f7b\u8511\u4ed6\u4eba\u610f\u5fd7\u53ca\u6574\u4f53\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u8ffd\u6c42\u8005\uff0c\u8d39\u57ce\u5baa\u6cd5\u5927\u4f1a\u4ee3\u8868\u4eec\u5bf9\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u662f\u6709\u6df1\u610f\u7684\u3002

\u8d39\u57ce\u5927\u4f1a\u8a00\u8bba\u7684\u5145\u5206\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e0b\u5217\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7aa5\u89c1\u4e00\u6591\uff1a

\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5dde\u4ee3\u8868\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927•\u6c49\u660e\u987f\uff08Alexander Hamilton\uff09\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bae\u671f\u95f4\u53d1\u8a00\u6781\u5c11\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5f53\u65b0\u6cfd\u897f\u5dde\u7a81\u7136\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u8c03\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u5efa\u7acb\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u63d0\u6848\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6253\u65ad\u4e86\u6b63\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u7ef4\u5dde\u5173\u4e8e\u5efa\u7acb\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u63d0\u6848\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u8a00\u3002\u4ed6\u5168\u529b\u53cd\u5bf9\u65b0\u6cfd\u897f\u5dde\u7684\u63d0\u6848\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5efa\u8bae\u5f3a\u5316\u5bbe\u5dde\u5173\u4e8e\u5efa\u7acb\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u8bae\u6848\u3002\u4ed6\u5efa\u8bae\u5168\u9762\u524a\u5f31\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u5b9e\u529b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e94\u8be5\u5b9e\u884c\u7ec8\u8eab\u603b\u7edf\u5236\uff0c\u603b\u7edf\u6709\u6743\u7acb\u6cd5\u5e76\u4e0d\u88ab\u63a8\u7ffb\uff0c\u4ed6\u5efa\u8bae\u7f8e\u56fd\u6548\u6cd5\u82f1\u56fd\u541b\u4e3b\u7acb\u5baa\u5236\uff0c\u8d5e\u7f8e\u8bf4\u90a3\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u597d\u7684\u653f\u4f53\u3002

\u90a3\u662f\u7d27\u63a5\u5468\u516d\u65b0\u6cfd\u897f\u5dde\u65b9\u6848\u63d0\u4e0a\u65e5\u7a0b\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5468\u4e00\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u793c\u62dc\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u6c49\u660e\u987f\u72ec\u81ea\u53d1\u8a00\u65f6\u95f4\u957f\u8fbe\u4e94\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u3002\u4ed6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5360\u7528\u4e86\u5927\u4f1a\u6574\u6574\u4e00\u5929\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u9664\u4e86\u5348\u9910\uff09\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u610f\u8bc6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u6c11\u4e3b\u201d\uff08Democracy\uff09\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e0e\u4eca\u5929\u5168\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4e0e\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u72b6\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6c47\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u662f\u201c\u66b4\u6c11\u88c1\u51b3\u201d\uff08mob rule\uff09\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u201c\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u72b6\u6001\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8d39\u57ce\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6c49\u660e\u987f\u7684\u53d1\u8a00\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5efa\u8bae\u72ec\u88c1\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u3002\u65b0\u6cfd\u897f\u7684\u63d0\u6848\u88ab\u6295\u7968\u5426\u51b3\uff0c\u6c49\u660e\u987f\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u5219\u8fde\u6295\u7968\u8bae\u7a0b\u90fd\u6ca1\u8fdb\u5165\u3002\u4f1a\u8bae\u5f88\u5feb\u56de\u5230\u7ef4\u5dde\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u8bae\u7a0b\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c1787\u5e746\u670818\u53f7\u90a3\u65e5\u708e\u70ed\u7684\u6c14\u6e29\u91cc\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f4d\u8001\u5144\u6574\u6574\u4e00\u5929\u7684\u53d1\u8a00\uff0c\u65e0\u4eba\u6253\u65ad\uff0c\u65e0\u4eba\u63d0\u95ee\uff0c\u65e0\u4eba\u4e0d\u8010\u70e6\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4e0b\u5348\u56db\u70b9\uff0c\u4f1a\u8bae\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u6b21\u65e5\u7ee7\u7eed\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u6c49\u660e\u987f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\u534e\u76db\u987f\u7684\u52a9\u624b\uff0c\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u72ec\u7acb\u7acb\u4e0b\u6c57\u9a6c\u529f\u52b3\u3002\u4ee3\u8868\u4eec\u7684\u8010\u5fc3\u56fa\u7136\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\u548c\u7231\u6234\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6d17\u8033\u606d\u542c\u4ed6\u7684\u8352\u8c2c\u8a00\u8bba\u5e76\u5728\u6c14\u6e29\u708e\u708e\u4e36\u5bc6\u4e0d\u900f\u98ce\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u5927\u5385\u91cc\u575a\u6301\u957f\u8fbe\u4e94\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u8bf4\u662f\u4f1a\u8bae\u5145\u5206\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u8868\u5f81\u3002

\u7545\u6240\u6b32\u8a00\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7684\u53d1\u8a00\u7684\u6743\u5229\u83b7\u5f97\u5c0a\u91cd\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5efa\u56fd\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0d\u8a00\u800c\u55bb\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u8981\u4e49\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e2a\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u81ea\u5f8b\u3002

\u6240\u6709\u8bae\u9898\u7ecf\u8fc7\u53cd\u590d\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e36\u53cd\u590d\u63d0\u6848\u4e36\u53cd\u590d\u6295\u7968\u3002\u5927\u4f1a\u7ec8\u4e8e\u8fdb\u5165\u5c3e\u58f0\uff1a\u201c\u6587\u672c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5199\u4f5c\u73ed\u5b50\u628a\u5927\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u768423\u9879\u6761\u6b3e\u7efc\u5408\u4e36\u5f52\u7eb3\u4e36\u6574\u7406\u5b8c\u6bd5\u4e86\uff1b\u5baa\u6cd5\u6587\u672c\u8349\u62df\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\uff1b\u7f72\u540d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u756a\u8ba8\u8bba\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\uff1b\u5baa\u6cd5\u7684\u5bfc\u8a00\u62df\u5b9a\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u3002\u5269\u4e0b\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u9879\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u7b7e\u7f72\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f1a\u8bae\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\u3002\u5c31\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u51fa\u201c\u5996\u86fe\u5b50\u201d\u4e86\u3002\u9a6c\u8428\u8bf8\u585e\u5dde\u4ee3\u8868\u5185\u6492\u5c3c\u5c14•\u6208\u52d2\u59c6\uff08Nathaniel Gorham\uff09\u7ad9\u8d77\u6765\u53d1\u8a00\u3002\u4ed6\u5f88\u793c\u8c8c\u4e36\u5f88\u5ba2\u6c14\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u8c26\u5351\uff1a

\u201c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u592a\u665a\uff0c\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u6539\u53d8\u4e00\u9879\u51b3\u8bae\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u60f3\u628a\u5404\u5dde\u6bcf\u4e00\u4f4d\u8bae\u5458\u4ee3\u8868\u672c\u5dde\u56db\u4e07\u4eba\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u6539\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4f4d\u8bae\u5458\u4ee3\u8868\u4e09\u4e07\u3002

\u90a3\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u51b7\u6c14\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u4f1a\u8bae\u4ece5\u6708\u52309\u6708\uff0c\u5728\u708e\u70ed\u7684\u590f\u5b63\u4e0d\u77e5\u6240\u7ec8\u5730\u5ef6\u7eed\u4e86\u6574\u6574\u56db\u4e2a\u6708\u3002\u8fdc\u7a0b\u800c\u6765\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4e0e\u672c\u5dde\u7684\u5bb6\u4eba\u5931\u53bb\u8054\u7cfb\u6574\u6574\u4e00\u4e2a\u590f\u5929\u4e86\u3002\u65e0\u4eba\u4e0d\u6025\u7740\u56de\u5bb6\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u63d0\u8bae\u53c8\u8981\u5f15\u53d1\u4e00\u6b21\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u4e89\u8fa9\u3002

\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u8a00\u8bba\u5b9e\u8df5\u8003\u9a8c\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u7406\u5ff5\u3002\u5927\u4f1a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u8fd9\u8fdf\u5230\u7684\u53d1\u8a00\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u7ed3\u675f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7b7e\u5b57\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u4ed6\u8fd9\u9879\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u987a\u5229\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u53d8\u539f\u5b9a\u7684\u51b3\u8bae\u3002

\u6700\u5148\u63d0\u51fa\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u4e00\u6539\u53d8\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5fb7\u9ad8\u671b\u91cd\u7684\u5927\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u534e\u76db\u987f\uff0c\u800c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u523b\u53d1\u8a00\u63d0\u51fa\u8fd9\u9879\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u6208\u52d2\u59c6\uff0c\u662f\u5927\u4f1a\u201c\u5168\u4f53\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d\u7684\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff08\u540e\u8be6\uff09\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5927\u4f1a\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u5404\u9879\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u4e0e\u4f1a\u5168\u4f53\u5145\u5206\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u8fd9\u9879\u63d0\u8bae\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u9879\u6539\u53d8\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u843d\u5b9e\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u559c\u6b22\u6cdb\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u7684\u6781\u6743\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u8ffd\u6c42\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff08\u6781\u6743\u548c\u6cdb\u201c\u6c11\u4e3b\u201d\u5316\u662f\u4e00\u4f53\u4e24\u9762\uff0c\u76f8\u4e92\u8f6c\u5316\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u5747\u5426\u5b9a\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5bf9\u6743\u529b\u6216\u7edd\u5bf9\u8981\u6c42\u6216\u7edd\u5bf9\u5426\u5b9a\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u66f4\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u542f\u8fea\u662f\uff1a\u89c4\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u3002\u8d39\u57ce\u5927\u4f1a\u65e0\u4eba\u6307\u8d23\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u9879\u4fee\u6b63\u51b3\u8bae\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u4e4b\u63d0\u51fa\u548c\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4e24\u4f4d\u4e3b\u5e2d\u62e5\u6709\uff08\u4fe1\u8a89\uff09\u7279\u6743\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u3002

\u8d39\u57ce\u5927\u4f1a\u8fd8\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u9879\u8bba\u8fa9\u89c4\u5219\uff1a\u7531\u5404\u5dde\u4ee3\u8868\u56e2\u6784\u6210\u7684\u201c\u5168\u4f53\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d\u89c4\u5219\uff08the committee of the whole\uff09\u3002\u5373\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4eec\u7684\u8868\u51b3\u4e0d\u88ab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u4ee3\u8868\u4eec\u611f\u5230\u201c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u9996\u5148\u81ea\u5df1\u5185\u90e8\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5bf9\u5916\u516c\u5e03\u51b3\u8bae\u201d\u3002\u5168\u4f53\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5728\u89c4\u5219\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5145\u5206\u53d1\u8a00\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u4e3e\u624b\u8868\u51b3\uff0c\u6539\u5f26\u66f4\u5f20\uff0c\u63a8\u7ffb\u524d\u5b9a\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u518d\u5ea6\u8868\u51b3\u3002\u4e3a\u4f7f12\u4e2a\u5dde\u4ee3\u8868\u53c2\u52a0\u7684\u8d39\u57ce\u4f1a\u8bae\u5bf9\u5916\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5168\u4f53\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u8d39\u57ce\u4f1a\u8bae\u9009\u51fa\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff0c\u9a6c\u8428\u8bf8\u585e\u5dde\u7684\u6cd5\u5b98\u5185\u6492\u5c3c\u5c14•\u6208\u52d2\u59c6\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u5173\u4e8e\u8d39\u57ce\u4f1a\u8bae\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff1a\u81ea\u4ece\u5168\u4f53\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u786e\u7acb\uff0c\u6bcf\u5929\u4e0a\u5348\u5341\u70b9\u4f1a\u8bae\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5927\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u534e\u76db\u987f\u5ba3\u5e03\uff0c\u4f1a\u8bae\u8fdb\u5165\u5168\u4f53\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u7136\u540e\u6208\u52d2\u59c6\u53d6\u4ee3\u534e\u76db\u987f\uff0c\u5c31\u5750\u4e3b\u5e2d\u5e2d\u4f4d\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u4e3b\u6301\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002\u6bcf\u5929\u4e0b\u5348\u56db\u70b9\u8ba8\u8bba\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u6208\u52d2\u59c6\u5ba3\u5e03\u5168\u4f53\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6062\u590d\u5927\u4f1a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u6208\u52d2\u59c6\u8d70\u4e0b\u4e3b\u5e2d\u53f0\uff0c\u534e\u76db\u987f\u56de\u5230\u4e3b\u5e2d\u5e2d\u4f4d\uff0c\u5ba3\u5e03\u5927\u4f1a\u5c06\u5728\u6b21\u65e5\u4e0a\u5348\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e3e\u884c\u3002\u8d39\u57ce\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e3a\u671f\u56db\u4e2a\u6708\u4e4b\u4e45\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6267\u884c\u4ece\u59cb\u81f3\u7ec8\uff0c\u4e00\u4e1d\u4e0d\u830d\u3002

\u8d39\u57ce\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u201c\u4fdd\u5bc6\u89c4\u5219\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5168\u4f53\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d\u89c4\u5219\u4e00\u76f4\u6cbf\u7528\u81f3\u4eca\u3002\u6210\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u6c11\u4e3b\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u4f20\u7edf\u3002\u81f3\u4eca\u7f8e\u56fd\u5404\u5c4a\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5185\u9601\u6210\u5458\u5411\u603b\u7edf\u8c0f\u8a00\uff0c\u6240\u8bae\u5185\u5bb9\u5747\u6709\u5bf9\u516c\u4f17\u548c\u65b0\u95fb\u5a92\u4f53\u4fdd\u5bc6\u6743\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u7279\u6b8a\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u62d2\u7edd\u63a5\u53d7\u56fd\u4f1a\u8c03\u67e5\u6216\u5411\u56fd\u4f1a\u4f5c\u8bc1\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u56fd\u4f1a\u542c\u8bc1\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e0d\u5bf9\u516c\u4f17\u548c\u5a92\u4f53\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u5168\u4f53\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5219\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u4e8e\u5c31\u6743\u5229\u6cd5\u6848\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba8\u8bba\u548c\u4e89\u8fa9\u3002\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\uff0c\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u9ed1\u7bb1\u4f5c\u4e1a\u201d\u56fa\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u8d1f\u9762\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u81ea\u6709\u5f0a\u7aef\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5b97\u65e8\u548c\u52a8\u673a\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u611a\u5f04\u5927\u4f17\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6267\u6cd5\u8005\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u53c2\u7167\u548c\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u5c65\u884c\u81ea\u5df1\u804c\u8d23\uff1b\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\u6709\u5145\u5206\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u548c\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u6700\u5408\u7406\u7684\u6cd5\u89c4\u3002\u5b83\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e5f\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c4\u5219\u662f\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u6700\u4e0d\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u4e0d\u574f\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\u3002



\u201c\u6697\u7bb1\u4f5c\u4e1a\u201d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5927\u5c40\u7a33\u5b9a


\u72ec\u7acb\u6218\u4e89\u540e\uff0c\u9a6c\u8428\u8bf8\u585e\u5dde\u519c\u6c11\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u56f0\u5883\u5e76\u672a\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u56fd\u5185\u6c11\u4f17\u60c5\u7eea\u8d77\u4f0f\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e36\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e36\u653f\u6cbb\u77db\u76fe\u6fc0\u5316\u3002\u8d2b\u7a77\u662f\u9769\u547d\u7684\u7b56\u6e90\u5730\u3002\u65b0\u5927\u9646\u751f\u673a\u52c3\u52c3,\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8d2b\u7a77\u843d\u540e\u3002\u6fc0\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e36\u5206\u88c2\u503e\u5411\u51fa\u73b0\u82d7\u5934\u3002\u65b0\u5927\u9646\u867d\u7136\u653f\u5e9c\u677e\u6563\uff0c\u4f46\u5185\u5916\u503a\u53f0\u9ad8\u7b51\uff0c\u6218\u540e\u65e0\u529b\u507f\u8fd8\uff0c\u51e0\u5e74\u540e\u8fde\u672c\u5e26\u5229\u9ad8\u8fbe\u5171\u4e94\u5343\u591a\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u4e0e\u65b0\u79fb\u6c11\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u96be\u4ee5\u8c03\u89e3\uff1b\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5728\u5bc6\u897f\u897f\u6bd4\u6cb3\u4e0a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u5173\u5361\u4ee5\u53ca\u56fd\u5927\u5bf9\u6b64\u7684\u65e0\u80fd\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u5f53\u5730\u4e27\u5931\u751f\u5b58\u624b\u6bb5\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u6124\u6168\uff1b\u82f1\u56fd\u95f4\u8c0d\u4ecb\u5165\u65b0\u5927\u9646\u5185\u90e8\u7eb7\u4e89\uff0c\u6563\u5e03\u4e0d\u6ee1\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u5e76\u6276\u6301\u4e0d\u6ee1\u5206\u5b50\u4e89\u593a\u65b0\u5965\u5c14\u826f\u5730\u76d8\uff1b\u800c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5219\u9634\u8c0b\u4fc3\u4f7f\u897f\u90e8\u5730\u533a\u8131\u79bb\u8054\u90a6\uff0c\u7eb3\u5165\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7248\u56fe\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u8fdf\u8fdf\u4e0d\u9000\u51fa\u897f\u90e8\u8d38\u6613\u5173\u5361\uff0c\u4f3a\u673a\u800c\u52a8\u3002

\u8d39\u57ce\u4f5c\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u5ba3\u8a00\u7b7e\u7f72\u5730\u548c\u5baa\u6cd5\u5927\u4f1a\u8ba8\u8bba\u5730\uff0c\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u77a9\u76ee\u7684\u6d77\u6e2f\u57ce\u5e02\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u5404\u7c7b\u4eba\u79cd\u4ea4\u7ec7\u5c45\u4f4f\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u6765\u81ea\u6e2f\u53e3\u7684\u5404\u56fd\u6d77\u5458\u4ee5\u53ca\u5185\u9646\u68ee\u6797\u5730\u5e26\u7684\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\u662f\u65b0\u5927\u9646\u8d2b\u7a77\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u5199\u7167\uff1a\u534a\u6570\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4eba\u53e3\u5904\u4e8e\u8d2b\u7a77\u7684\u8fb9\u7f18\u3002\u5993\u5973\u5145\u65a5\u8857\u5934\uff0c\u75be\u75c5\u8513\u5ef6\uff0c\u536b\u751f\u8bbe\u65bd\u7b80\u964b\uff0c\u5bb6\u5ead\u66b4\u529b\u4e25\u91cd\u3002\u4e0b\u6c34\u7ba1\u9053\u88f8\u9732\uff0c\u868a\u8747\u76f8\u4f34\uff0c\u5145\u65a5\u57ce\u5e02\u5404\u4e2a\u5904\u3002\u5404\u8272\u95f2\u6742\u4eba\u7b49\u5728\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5730\u72f1\u57ce\u201d\u7684\u7801\u5934\u9644\u8fd1\u5730\u5e26\u6d88\u78e8\u591c\u665a\u65f6\u5149\u3002\u8d39\u57ce\u7684\u5bbe\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u5efa\u7b51\uff0c\u201c\u72ec\u7acb\u5927\u5385\u201d\u9644\u8fd1\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u5ea7\u56db\u5c42\u697c\u9ad8\u7684\u77f3\u5934\u5efa\u7b51\uff0c\u662f\u5173\u62bc\u5404\u79cd\u7f6a\u72af\u7684\u76d1\u72f1\u3002\u72af\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u7740\u8857\u9053\u547c\u558a\u6551\u52a9\u5e76\u5927\u58f0\u8bc5\u5492\u90a3\u4e9b\u7f6e\u82e5\u7f54\u95fb\u7684\u8fc7\u5f80\u884c\u4eba\u3002

\u8d39\u57ce\u7684\u666f\u89c2\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u65b0\u5927\u9646\u7684\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u5c40\u9762\u7684\u5177\u8c61\u5316\u3002\u4ee3\u8868\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5bf9\u624b\u82f1\u56fd\u5e76\u672a\u771f\u6b63\u64a4\u79bb\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u6b27\u6d32\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4eec\u5219\u5174\u81f4\u52c3\u52c3\uff0c\u6b63\u62ed\u76ee\u4ee5\u5f85\u65b0\u5927\u9646\u7684\u7b11\u8bdd\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u5927\u4f1a\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u8d77\u56fd\u5185\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u4e89\u7aef\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u66f4\u52a0\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5206\u88c2\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u5927\u9646\u7684\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6b27\u6d32\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5229\u7528\u6765\u6d88\u89e3\u521a\u521a\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u3002\u5927\u4f1a\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u5168\u56fd\u5f00\u653e\u900f\u660e\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8ba8\u8bba\u5c06\u590d\u6742\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7b49\u4e8e\u628a\u65b0\u5927\u9646\u63a8\u5165\u66f4\u6df1\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\uff0c\u628a\u673a\u4f1a\u62f1\u624b\u9001\u7ed9\u521a\u521a\u8d25\u4e0b\u9635\u53bb\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u5c16\u9510\u5bf9\u7acb\u4e36\u51e0\u53ef\u7834\u88c2\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u5916\u5fc5\u987b\u6574\u4f53\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u793e\u4f1a\u7eb7\u4e89\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u5916\u654c\u4e58\u865a\u800c\u5165\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4fbf\u662f\u5927\u4f1a\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\u548c\u4e25\u5b88\u673a\u5bc6\u4e36\u4ee5\u6574\u4f53\u9635\u5bb9\u4e00\u81f4\u5bf9\u5916\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u3002



\u201c\u6697\u7bb1\u4f5c\u4e1a\u201d\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u5bc6\u800c\u4e0d\u5ba3


\u5373\u4fbf\u4f1a\u8bae\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u65b0\u5927\u9646\u5371\u673a\u7684\u6d88\u9664\u3002\u5728\u5927\u4f1a\u7ed3\u675f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba\u7ed3\u679c\u4ee5\u5baa\u6cd5\u8349\u6848\u5f62\u5f0f\u516c\u4e4b\u4e8e\u4f17\u5e76\u8fdb\u5165\u5404\u5dde\u5ba1\u6838\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u800c\u4f1a\u8bae\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u5404\u9879\u4e89\u7aef\u4ecd\u65e7\u79d8\u800c\u4e0d\u5ba3\u3002

\u8d39\u57ce\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u7248\u672c\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u6b63\u5f0f\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u662f\u5927\u4f1a\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u4e66\u8bb0\u5458\u6885\u6770•\u6770\u514b\u900a\uff08Major William Jackson\uff09\u505a\u7684\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6709\u534e\u76db\u987f\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u4ece\u540e\u4e16\u89c2\u70b9\u770b\uff0c\u6770\u514b\u900a\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u4e0d\u5168\u9762\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5584\u3002\u4ed6\u53ea\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u4f1a\u8bae\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u5c11\u91cf\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u758f\u6f0f\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bb0\u5f55\u662f\u5bbe\u5dde\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u5bbe\u5dde\u63d0\u6848\u8d77\u8349\u4eba\u8a79\u59c6\u65af•\u9ea6\u8fea\u900a\u81ea\u53d1\u505a\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f4d\u540e\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c\u56db\u4efb\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u4e0d\u5584\u8a00\u8f9e\u7684\u9752\u5e74\u4eba\uff0c\u8be6\u7ec6\u5730\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u4f1a\u8bae\u5168\u90e8\u53d1\u8a00\u3002

\u8d39\u57ce\u5927\u4f1a\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u4fdd\u5bc6\u89c4\u5219\u5e76\u672a\u5e9f\u6b62\u30021787\u5e749\u670819\u65e5\uff0c\u5927\u4f1a\u7ed3\u675f\u4e24\u5929\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4ece\u62a5\u7eb8\u4e0a\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u5baa\u6cd5\u7684\u5168\u6587\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u4ecd\u65e7\u65e0\u7f18\u83b7\u77e5\u5728\u957f\u8fbe\u56db\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\u8fd9\u4efd\u6587\u732e\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002

\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\u76841818\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5df2\u5386\u7ecf\u516b\u5c4a\u603b\u7edf\u9009\u4e3e\uff0c\u5386\u4efb\u4e94\u4f4d\u603b\u7edf\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\u8bb0\u5f55\u624d\u516c\u4e4b\u65bc\u4f17\u3002\u800c\u9ea6\u8fea\u900a\u90a3\u4efd\u66f4\u4e3a\u5168\u9762\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u56db\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74\u540e\u624d\u516c\u5e03\u7684\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f4d\u5f8c\u6765\u8fde\u4efb\u4e24\u5c4a\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5148\u77e5\u822c\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c4a\u6ee1\u9000\u4efb\u5e76\u4e0e\u4e16\u957f\u8f9e\uff0c\u65b0\u5927\u9646\u5df2\u7136\u5ea6\u8fc7\u4e86\u5efa\u56fd\u4e4b\u521d\u7684\u9635\u75db\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u7f8e\u5229\u575a\u5408\u4f17\u56fd\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u8fd9\u90e8\u5baa\u6cd5\u6240\u4fdd\u969c\u7684\u5404\u9879\u6743\u5229\u4e2d\u52b1\u7cbe\u56fe\u6cbb\uff0c\u6084\u7136\u5d1b\u8d77\u3002\u5baa\u6cd5\u8ba8\u8bba\u671f\u95f4\u4e0e\u4f1a\u8005\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7eb7\u4e89\u548c\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u90fd\u5df2\u8fdb\u5165\u5386\u53f2\uff1b\u5b83\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u548c\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u65e9\u5df2\u5728\u56db\u5e74\u540e\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u201c\u6743\u5229\u6cd5\u6848\u201d\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u5f25\u8865\u548c\u4fee\u6b63\u3002\u8fd9\u4efd\u4f1a\u8bae\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u516c\u5e03\uff0c\u5411\u540e\u4eba\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u8bc1\u5b9e\u7740\u524d\u4eba\u8270\u82e6\u5353\u7edd\u4ed8\u51fa\u548c\u5148\u77e5\u822c\u7684\u667a\u6167\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u518d\u6784\u6210\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u9a9a\u6270\uff0c\u4e5f\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u88ab\u5b83\u7684\u654c\u4eba\u5229\u7528\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u6761\u4ef6\u3002



\u4e0e\u4f1a\u8005\u606a\u5b88\u201c\u6697\u7bb1\u4f5c\u4e1a\u201d\u89c4\u5219


\u5baa\u6cd5\u5927\u4f1a\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u5e76\u4e0d\u8f89\u714c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6d6a\u6f2b\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u594f\u4e50\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u6b22\u547c\u3002\u75b2\u60eb\u4e0d\u582a\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u5168\u65e0\u80dc\u5229\u7684\u559c\u60a6\u3002\u5bf9\u4e0e\u4f1a\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u624b\u4e2d\u90a3\u4efd\u5baa\u6cd5\u6587\u672c\u7684\u5206\u91cf\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u8d85\u8fc7\u90a3\u51e0\u9875\u7eb8\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\u3002\u6709\u4e09\u4f4d\u4ee3\u8868\u62d2\u7edd\u7b7e\u7f72\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u90e8\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e0d\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u5404\u5dde\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u867d\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u4f46\u5c06\u5f15\u53d1\u5185\u6218\uff1b\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u6ee1\u610f\u8fd9\u90e8\u5baa\u6cd5\u5728\u7533\u660e\u4fdd\u969c\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u5229\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7f3a\u5931\u3002\u53e6\u6709\u4e09\u4f4d\u62d2\u7edd\u7b7e\u7f72\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u5728\u7b7e\u7f72\u4eea\u5f0f\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u542f\u7a0b\u56de\u5bb6\u3002\u4e5d\u4f4d\u4ee3\u8868\u540c\u610f\u7b7e\u7f72\u5374\u672a\u80fd\u7b7e\u7f72\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e4b\u524d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5306\u5306\u79bb\u53bb\uff0c\u8e0f\u4e0a\u56de\u5bb6\u7684\u8def\u7a0b\u2014\u2014\u7b7e\u7f72\u8fd9\u4efd\u6587\u732e\u8fdc\u4e0d\u53ca\u63d0\u65e9\u8d76\u56de\u5bb6\u53bb\u91cd\u8981\u3002

\u5f88\u591a\u4ee3\u8868\u5728\u60c5\u611f\u4e0a\u62d2\u65a5\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5fc3\u8840\u4e4b\u4f5c\u3002\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4ee3\u8868\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u90e8\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u5341\u4e09\u4e2a\u5dde\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\u5e76\u4ed8\u8bf8\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002\u6781\u5c11\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6761\u6b3e\u5c06\u5f88\u5feb\u6210\u4e3a\u7acb\u56fd\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u65e0\u4eba\u6599\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u521b\u9020\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u7cfb\u5c06\u5728\u8fd9\u7247\u5e7f\u88a4\u571f\u5730\u4e0a\u6f14\u5316\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u8ffd\u6c42\u72ec\u7acb\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u4eba\u60f3\u5230\u4eab\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b50\u6c11\uff0c\u5c06\u8d4b\u4e88\u4ed6\u4eec\u201c\u5efa\u56fd\u8005\u201d \uff0c\uff08\u201c\u56fd\u7236\u201d\uff0cFounding Fathers\uff09\u7684\u5149\u8363\u79f0\u53f7\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u5c06\u56e0\u6b64\u8f7d\u5165\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u53f2\u518c\u30021778\u5e74\u7684\u590f\u5b63\u6c14\u6e29\u6301\u9ad8\u4e0d\u4e0b\uff0c\u662f40\u5e74\u6765\u6691\u5c81\u4e4b\u9996\u3002\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u8fdb\u5165\u6fc0\u70c8\u8fa9\u8bba\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u4f11\u4f1a\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u65e0\u4eba\u77e5\u6653\u8fa9\u8bba\u4f55\u65f6\u7ec8\u4e86\uff0c\u8bae\u9898\u4f55\u65f6\u8bae\u6bd5\uff0c\u534f\u8bae\u4f55\u65f6\u8fbe\u6210\u5e76\u4e0d\u518d\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u4e0e\u5916\u754c\u8054\u7cfb\u5b8c\u5168\u4e2d\u65ad\u3002\u4ee3\u8868\u4eec\u662f\u51ed\u7740\u7406\u6027\u548c\u8d23\u4efb\u4ee5\u53ca\u5145\u5206\u52a1\u5b9e\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u606a\u5b88\u5927\u4f1a\u5404\u9879\u89c4\u7ae0\uff0c\u5c65\u884c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u804c\u8d23\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5b8c\u6210\u81ea\u5df1\u4f7f\u547d\u7684\u3002

\u53f2\u5bb6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u534e\u76db\u987f\u5bf9\u65b0\u5927\u9646\u7684\u5371\u673a\u611f\u548c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u503e\u529b\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u662f\u5927\u4f1a\u9876\u4f4f\u5916\u754c\u538b\u529b\u548c\u540c\u9053\u6307\u8d23\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u6700\u9ad8\u89c4\u683c\u673a\u5bc6\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8981\u7d20\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d64\u65e5\u708e\u708e\u7684\u4e0b\u5348\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u4f11\u4f1a\u8868\u51b3\u524d\uff0c\u4e00\u5411\u6c89\u9ed8\u7684\u534e\u76db\u987f\u7a81\u7136\u7ad9\u4e86\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u624b\u4e2d\u626c\u8d77\u4e00\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e25\u8083\u5730\u5bf9\u4e0e\u4f1a\u5168\u4f53\u8bf4\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u9057\u5931\u5728\u8bae\u4e8b\u5385\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4ed6\u9057\u61be\u5730\u53d1\u73b0\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u5bf9\u4fdd\u5b88\u5927\u4f1a\u7684\u673a\u5bc6\u5982\u6b64\u758f\u5ffd\u3002\u4ed6\u544a\u8beb\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f1a\u8bae\u60c5\u51b5\u6345\u5230\u62a5\u7eb8\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c06\u5f15\u8d77\u4e3a\u65f6\u8fc7\u65e9\u7684\u731c\u6d4b\u5e76\u6270\u4e71\u4eba\u6c11\u5e73\u9759\u7684\u5fc3\u60c5\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\u6709\u4eba\u6361\u5230\u8fd9\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e86\u4ed6\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u662f\u54ea\u4f4d\u4e22\u5931\u7684\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u4ed6\u628a\u6587\u4ef6\u653e\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u662f\u8c01\u4e22\u7684\uff0c\u8bf7\u6765\u62ff\u53d6\u3002\u534e\u76db\u987f\u8a00\u6bd5\u97a0\u4e86\u4e00\u8eac\uff0c\u62ff\u8d77\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5e3d\u5b50\uff0c\u5f84\u76f4\u8d70\u51fa\u4f1a\u8bae\u5385\u3002\u534e\u76db\u987f\u7ed9\u6587\u4ef6\u4e22\u5931\u8005\u7559\u4e86\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u9762\u5b50\uff1a\u4ed6\u4e0d\u51c6\u5907\u77e5\u9053\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u8c01\u5982\u6b64\u7c97\u5fc3\u5927\u610f\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4ed6\u5931\u7269\u62db\u9886\u7684\u8fd9\u6bb5\u8bdd\u4e36\u4ed6\u8083\u7a46\u5a01\u4e25\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ecd\u65e7\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u663e\u5f97\u6709\u4e9b\u60ca\u614c\u3002\u4e54\u6cbb\u4e9a\u5dde\u4ee3\u8868\u5a01\u5ec9•\u76ae\u5c14\u65af\uff08William Pierce\uff09\u95fb\u8a00\u8ddf\u8bb8\u591a\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u7acb\u523b\u628a\u624b\u6084\u6084\u4f38\u8fdb\u81ea\u5df1\u8863\u888b\uff0c\u4ed6\u65cb\u5373\u53d8\u5f97\u5fd0\u5fd1\u4e0d\u5b89\uff1a\u4ed6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5728\u8863\u888b\u91cc\uff01\u7136\u800c\u5f53\u4ed6\u8d70\u5230\u684c\u524d\u65f6\uff0c\u6050\u60e7\u5fc3\u7406\u6d88\u5931\u4e86\uff1a\u90a3\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\u7684\u7b14\u8ff9\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u3002\u76ae\u5c14\u65af\u56de\u5230\u5bd3\u6240\uff0c\u5728\u65e9\u6668\u6362\u4e0b\u7684\u5927\u8863\u53e3\u888b\u91cc\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u90a3\u4efd\u4e22\u5931\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5374\u65e0\u4eba\u6562\u4e8e\u8ba4\u9886\u3002\u76ae\u5c14\u65af\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u8bb0\u4e0b\u4e86\u5927\u4f1a\u8fd9\u6869\u8f76\u4e8b\uff0c\u6b64\u4e8b\u56e0\u4e4b\u5f97\u4ee5\u4f20\u4e3a\u4f1a\u8bae\u5173\u95e8\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u606a\u5b88\u4fdd\u5bc6\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u4f73\u8bdd\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u90a3\u4f4d\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4e22\u5931\u8005\u5374\u81f3\u4eca\u6ca1\u6709\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u4e22\u5931\u4fdd\u5bc6\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u758f\u5ffd\uff0c\u4e0d\u6562\u8ba4\u9886\u5219\u663e\u7136\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f9e\u6127\u8fc7\u5ea6\u3002

\u6574\u4e2a\u590f\u5b63\u56db\u4e2a\u6708\u4e00\u767e\u4e8c\u5341\u5929\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4e3a\u4e86\u7f13\u89e3\u8270\u82e6\u8fa9\u8bba\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u75b2\u60eb\u548c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5c01\u95ed\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u7684\u7d27\u5f20\uff0c\u201c\u4ee3\u8868\u4eec\u5446\u5728\u79c1\u4eba\u623f\u95f4\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u5ba2\u6808\u2026\u2026\u8c08\u8bdd\u6216\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u7b56\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6d88\u78e8\u508d\u665a\u65f6\u5149\u201d\uff0c20\u5e74\u524d\u76845\u670825\u65e5\uff0c\u8d39\u57ce\u4f1a\u8bae\u6b63\u5f0f\u5f00\u5e55\u4e24\u767e\u5468\u5e74\u7eaa\u5ff5\u65e5\uff0c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u8bb0\u8005\u5a01\u5ec9•\u53f2\u8482\u6587\u65af\uff08William K. Stevens\uff09\u5728\u4e00\u7bc7\u62a5\u9053\u4e2d\u8fd9\u6837\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5927\u91cf\u559d\u9152\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a12\u4eba\u7684\u665a\u9910\u8d26\u5355\uff0c\u5c31\u5305\u62ec60\u74f6\u8461\u8404\u9152\u3002\u201d \u8fd9\u4f4d\u8bb0\u8005\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u602a\u4e0d\u5f97\u7f8e\u56fd\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5927\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u518d\u5ea6\u770b\u5230\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u56fd\u7236\u4eec\uff0c\u5927\u90fd\u5982\u6b64\u80a5\u80d6\uff1a\u201c\u6781\u5c11\u9ad8\u8fc75\u82f1\u5c3a8\u82f1\u5bf8\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4f53\u91cd\u7ea6200\u78c5\u6216\u66f4\u91cd\u3002\u201d

\u2014\u2014\u540e\u4e16\u51fa\u4e8e\u5c0a\u5d07\u548c\u597d\u5947\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u7814\u7a76\u8d39\u57ce\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u8fd955\u540d\u5efa\u56fd\u8005\u7684\u5404\u7c7b\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8fd955\u4f4d\u88ab\u4fdd\u5bc6\u539f\u5219\u5bc6\u5c01\u56db\u4e2a\u6708\u4e4b\u4e45\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4eec\uff0c\u5728\u5168\u795e\u8d2f\u6ce8\u5c65\u884c\u81ea\u5df1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5dde\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u548c\u8d23\u4efb\u4e4b\u4f59\uff0c\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u4f1a\u60f3\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4f53\u91cd\u548c\u8eab\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5165\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u89c6\u91ce\u548c\u7b14\u7aef\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u63a8\u8bba\u90a3\u6bb5\u795e\u79d8\u7a7a\u767d\u65f6\u5149\u7684\u6750\u6599\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4fdd\u5bc6\u539f\u5219\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6210\u529f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u540e\u9057\u75c7\u3002\u4ee3\u8868\u4eec\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u521b\u9020\u672a\u6765\u7684\u5d07\u9ad8\u4f7f\u547d\u611f\u548c\u5b8f\u5927\u53d9\u4e8b\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u9075\u5b88\u7eaa\u5f8b\uff0c\u606a\u5b88\u804c\u8d23\uff0c\u627f\u62c5\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5fcd\u8fb1\u8d1f\u91cd\uff0c\u800c\u5386\u53f2\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u52a1\u5b9e\u6001\u5ea6\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e2d\u521b\u9020\u7684\u3002

\u503c\u5f97\u7279\u522b\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u9ea6\u8fea\u900a\u3002\u8fd9\u4f4d\u6e5b\u601d\u901a\u8bc6\u7684\u9752\u5e74\u4eba\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e0e\u4f1a\u4ee3\u8868\u4e2d\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u4f4d\u5145\u5206\u611f\u53d7\u5236\u5b9a\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e4b\u5386\u53f2\u4f7f\u547d\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u4ed6\u201c\u6c38\u8fdc\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u8981\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u505a\u201d\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5927\u4f1a\u4e3b\u8981\u8bae\u9898\u4e4b\u5bbe\u5dde\u8349\u6849\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u9648\u8ff0\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u90a3\u4e9b\u6761\u6b3e\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u53d1\u8a00\u4eba\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\u4ed6\u4e00\u523b\u4e0d\u505c\u5730\u8bb0\u5f55\u53d1\u8a00\u3002\u4e0d\u662f\u8bb0\u5f55\u8981\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5168\u7a0b\u8bb0\u5f55\u6240\u6709\u8ba8\u8bba\u5305\u62ec\u90a3\u4e9b\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u53d1\u8a00\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u4f1a\u4e0a\u4ee5\u901f\u8bb0\u65b9\u5f0f\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u4e0b\u5348\u56de\u5230\u4f4f\u6240\uff0c\u522b\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u559d\u9152\u804a\u5929\uff0c\u653e\u677e\u5927\u8111\uff0c\u4ed6\u5219\u6574\u665a\u95f7\u5728\u5c4b\u91cc\uff0c\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u901f\u8bb0\u6587\u5b57\u7528\u9e45\u6bdb\u7b14\u6574\u7406\u6210\u6b63\u5f0f\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u5b8c\u5907\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\u8ba8\u8bba\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u9ea6\u8fea\u900a\u8eab\u9ad8\u4ec5\u4e00\u7c73\u516d\u4e8c\uff08\u4e94\u82f1\u5c3a\u56db\u82f1\u5bf8\uff09\uff0c\u4f53\u91cd\u7ea645\u516c\u65a4\uff08100\u78c5\uff09\uff0c\u7ec8\u751f\u4f53\u5f31\u591a\u75c5\uff0c\u8bf4\u8bdd\u58f0\u97f3\u5fae\u5f31\u5230\u96be\u4ee5\u4e0e\u4eba\u6c9f\u901a\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5927\u4f1a\u4f53\u80fd\u6700\u5dee\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u4e00\u5929\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u6709\u591a\u75b2\u52b3\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u8981\u7ed9\u5386\u53f2\u7559\u4e0b\u4e00\u4efd\u53ef\u4f9b\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8d44\u6599\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u62fc\u4f53\u529b\uff0c\u62fc\u667a\u6167\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7528\u5fc3\u826f\u82e6\uff1a\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53d1\u8a00\u4eba\u7684\u79f0\u8c13\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4eba\u79f0\u201c\u6211\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u201cM \u5148\u751f\u201d\uff08Mr. M \uff09\uff1b\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u4ed6\u5fe0\u5b9e\u5730\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u90a3\u4e9b\u9488\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u4e0d\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\u3002\u4ed6\u8bd5\u56fe\u521b\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u9605\u8bfb\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u540e\u4e16\u8bfb\u8005\u6446\u8131\u8bb0\u5f55\u8005\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c40\u9650\uff0c\u7ad9\u5728\u5c40\u5916\uff0c\u5ba2\u89c2\u51b7\u9759\u5730\u628a\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5fc5\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002

\u9ea6\u8fea\u900a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5baa\u6cd5\u8bae\u6848\u7684\u8d77\u8349\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e24\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\u65b0\u5baa\u6cd5\u524d\u5341\u9879\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u201c\u6743\u5229\u6cd5\u6848\u201d\u7684\u8d77\u8349\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u6089\u77e5\u7f57\u9a6c\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u653f\u6cbb\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u5bf9\u65b0\u5927\u9646\u7684\u5730\u7f18\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u62e5\u6709\u6df1\u9083\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u773c\u5149\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u7ad9\u5728\u65b0\u5927\u9646\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u6700\u524d\u6cbf\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u61c2\u5f97\u8d39\u57ce\u5927\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65b0\u5927\u9646\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u867d\u7136\u63e1\u6709\u5168\u90e8\u4f1a\u8bae\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u4ed6\u606a\u5b88\u4fdd\u5bc6\u539f\u5219\u4e00\u4e1d\u4e0d\u830d\u3002\u6770\u514b\u900a\u662f\u5bf9\u4fdd\u5bc6\u539f\u5219\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u6ee1\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u3002\u9ea6\u8fea\u900a\u4e0e\u6770\u514b\u900a\u662f\u77e5\u4ea4\uff0c\u53cb\u8c0a\u4fdd\u6301\u7ec8\u751f\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4fdd\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u5c31\u6709\u4e00\u5343\u4e24\u767e\u4e94\u5341\u5c01\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5f53\u6770\u5f17\u900a\u4ece\u6cd5\u56fd\u5bf9\u8d39\u57ce\u5927\u4f1a\u63d0\u51fa\u6279\u8bc4\u65f6\uff0c\u9ea6\u8fea\u900a\u5728\u516c\u5f00\u573a\u5408\u4fdd\u6301\u4e86\u957f\u4e45\u7684\u6c89\u9ed8\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u56db\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\u4ed6\u624d\u505a\u51fa\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u800c\u4ed6\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5728\u540e\u6765\u4ed6\u4e24\u4efb\u603b\u7edf\u671f\u95f4\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u516c\u4e4b\u4e8e\u4f17\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u4ed6\u7684\u667a\u6167\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u4ed6\u7684\u4e3e\u56fd\u4fe1\u8a89\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u6301\u7eed\u4fdd\u6301\u6c89\u9ed8\uff0c\u76f4\u81f31817\u5e74\u4ed6\u5378\u4efb\uff0c\u76f4\u81f31836\u5e74\u4ed6\u8f9e\u4e16\u3002\u9ea6\u8fea\u900a\u6ca1\u6709\u5229\u7528\u4ed6\u6df1\u9083\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u611f\u5efa\u9020\u81ea\u6211\u70ab\u8000\u7684\u5f53\u4ee3\u706f\u5854\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7528\u5b83\u57cb\u4e0b\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5d1b\u8d77\u7684\u672a\u6765\u57fa\u77f3\u3002

\u9ea6\u8fea\u900a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5728\u667a\u6167\u4e0a\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5148\u77e5\uff0c\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u4fee\u517b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5723\u8d24\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u777f\u667a\u4f7f\u4ed6\u9ad8\u5c4b\u5efa\u74f4\u822c\u5730\u7ad9\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u610f\u8bc6\u524d\u6cbf\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9\u4e0a\u7684\u5173\u952e\u52a8\u529b\uff1b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f4d\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u6027\u7cbe\u795e\u4e36\u52a1\u5b9e\u6001\u5ea6\u4e36\u8d23\u4efb\u611f\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bda\u4fe1\u548c\u65e0\u79c1\uff0c\u582a\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u65cf\u5728\u8346\u68d8\u4e0e\u9ed1\u6697\u4e2d\u4e89\u53d6\u81ea\u7531\u4e0e\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3002



\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u81ea\u91cd


\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u4f17\u5bf9\u5373\u5c06\u51b3\u5b9a\u4ed6\u4eec\u547d\u8fd0\u7684\u8fd9\u6b21\u5927\u4f1a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e00\u65e0\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u4e0d\u514d\u731c\u6d4b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u76f8\u4fe1\u6b27\u6d32\u4f20\u8a00\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u6f2b\u957f\u56db\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u523b\u610f\u653b\u51fb\u8fd9\u4e94\u5341\u4e94\u4f4d\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u5173\u95e8\u884c\u4e3a\u4e36\u6ca1\u6709\u6545\u610f\u8bcb\u6bc1\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4eba\u683c\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6000\u7591\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6548\u529b\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6000\u7591\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u5fe0\u5b9e\u5730\u4ee3\u8868\u672c\u5dde\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u30021787\u5e747\u67084\u65e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fce\u6765\u81ea\u5df1\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u65e5\uff0c\u5927\u4f1a\u4f11\u4f1a\u4e00\u5929\u3002\u534e\u76db\u987f\u7387\u9886\u5168\u4f53\u6210\u5458\u51fa\u5e2d\u8d39\u57ce\u6559\u5802\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u5e86\u5178\u3002\u90a3\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u8d70\u51fa\u6697\u7bb1\uff0c\u4e0e\u8d39\u57ce\u6c11\u4f17\u6b22\u805a\u4e00\u5802\u7684\u65f6\u523b\u3002\u5728\u5e86\u795d\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6f14\u8bf4\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d39\u57ce\u7684\u53d1\u8a00\u4eba\u5728\u516c\u5f00\u6f14\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec8\u4e8e\u96c6\u4f53\u9732\u9762\u4e36\u5374\u5bf9\u4f1a\u8bae\u60c5\u51b5\u4e09\u7f04\u5176\u53e3\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4eec\uff0c\u53d1\u51fa\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a


\u201c\u4f60\u4eec\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4eba\u6c11\u6b63\u770b\u4f60\u4eec\uff0c\u65e2\u6ee1\u6000\u7126\u8651\u53c8\u5145\u76c8\u5e0c\u671b\u3002\u4f60\u4eec\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u672a\u6765\u4f9d\u9760\u4f60\u4eec\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u4f60\u4eec\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u50cf\u4f60\u4eec\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4eba\u2014\u2014\u5728\u72ec\u7acb\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u9886\u5bfc\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4eba\u2014\u2014\u5c06\u4f1a\u61c2\u5f97\u5982\u4f55\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u9020\u798f\u4e8e\u5168\u4f53\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u3002\u786e\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u62e5\u6709\u61c2\u5f97\u653f\u5e9c\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u53d1\u73b0\u6240\u6709\u6211\u4eec\u9762\u4e34\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u786e\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u62e5\u6709\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fdd\u62a4\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8d62\u5f97\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u201d


\u6682\u65f6\u5931\u53bb\u77e5\u60c5\u6743\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b9e\u65bd\u76d1\u7763\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\uff0c\u4ecd\u65e7\u628a\u5e0c\u671b\u5bc4\u6258\u5728\u8fd9\u4e94\u5341\u4e94\u4f4d\u4ee3\u8868\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6c99\u573a\u8003\u9a8c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u4eb2\u624b\u9009\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c\u7b49\u4e8e\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u624b\u4e2d\u4e00\u7968\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\uff1b\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\u4e36\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u3002

\u5baa\u6cd5\u5728\u56f0\u5883\u4e2d\u7ec8\u4e8e\u8bde\u751f\uff0c\u5171\u548c\u5236\u4ece\u7eb8\u9762\u5e84\u4e25\u843d\u5730\u3002\u4e00\u767e\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ee5\u5f3a\u56fd\u76db\u4e16\u4e4b\u6001\u5728\u5317\u7f8e\u5927\u9646\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u53d6\u4ee3\u6b27\u6d32\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u821e\u53f0\u4e0a\u7684\u91cd\u5fc3\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u5e38\u8bf4\u201c\u613f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4fdd\u62a4\u7f8e\u56fd\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f97\u5929\u72ec\u539a\u7684\u56fd\u8fd0\uff0c\u4e00\u7b14\u4e00\u753b\u90fd\u5199\u5728\u5b83\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u7d20\u8d28\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u91cc\uff0c\u5199\u5728\u5b83\u7684\u9886\u8896\u610f\u5fd7\u548c\u8d23\u4efb\u4e2d\uff0c\u5199\u5728\u5b83\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8f6c\u6298\u5173\u5934\u3002

\u4fdd\u5bc6\u89c4\u5219\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u5236\u5b9a\u5baa\u6cd5\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u5728\u52a8\u8361\u4e36\u654c\u5bf9\u4e36\u5371\u9669\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u7545\u6240\u6b32\u8a00\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7545\u6240\u6b32\u8a00\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5baa\u6cd5\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u6700\u540e\u6210\u529f\u3002\u5404\u6709\u5229\u76ca\u4e36\u5404\u6709\u89c1\u89e3\u7684\u5341\u4e8c\u5dde\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4eec\uff0c\u82e5\u8981\u5c31\u65b0\u5927\u9646\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u95ee\u9898\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5404\u81ea\u4f5c\u51fa\u8ba9\u6b65\u548c\u59a5\u534f\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u72ec\u7acb\u8ffd\u6c42\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u4e25\u5cfb\u6311\u6218\u3002\u4e0d\u7ecf\u53d7\u8fd9\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u4e0d\u643a\u5e26\u7740\u75db\u82e6\u51fa\u5165\u8fd9\u8270\u96be\u7684\u8346\u68d8\u8def\uff0c\u65b0\u5927\u9646\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c79\u7acb\u5728\u5317\u7f8e\u5e7f\u88a4\u7684\u571f\u5730\u4e0a\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8d39\u57ce\u5927\u4f1a\u591a\u6b21\u9762\u4e34\u4e25\u91cd\u4e89\u7aef\uff0c\u76f8\u6301\u4e0d\u4e0b\uff0c\u51e0\u8fd1\u6563\u4f19\u3002\u56de\u987e\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u4e00\u6b21\u6b21\u56de\u5473\u534e\u76db\u987f\u5728\u6563\u4f1a\u540e\u7684\u6168\u53f9\uff1a\u8d39\u57ce\u4f1a\u8bae\u6cd5\u6700\u7ec8\u80fd\u591f\u5c31\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u8fbe\u6210\u534f\u8bae\uff0c \u201c\u7b80\u76f4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5947\u8ff9\u201d\uff08\u5f85\u7eed\uff1a\u201c\u89e3\u8bfb\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e4b\u4e09\uff1a\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u59a5\u534f\u633d\u6551\u5371\u673a\u201d\uff09\u3002



2008\u5e743\u670823\u65e5\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd<\/FONT>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u72ec\u7acb\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u7eb8\u5bf9\u5916\u5ba3\u8a00\uff0c\u5b83\u5e94\u5f53\u843d\u5b9e\u5230\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4eba\u751f\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u5b83\u5e94\u5f53\u6210\u7232\u4e00\u79cd\u6587\u660e\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4938","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-thought","et-doesnt-have-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4938","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4938"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4938\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4938"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4938"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4938"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}