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\u4e8c\u3001\u4e09\u9879\u59a5\u534f\u8bae\u6848


\u5927\u4f1a\u8fbe\u6210\u7684\u201c\u6709\u540d\u6709\u59d3\u201d\u3001\u8f7d\u5165\u53f2\u518c\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u59a5\u534f\u6709\u4e09\u9879\uff1a\u5173\u65bc\u5927\u5dde\u548c\u5c0f\u5dde\u4e4b\u95f4\u5728\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e2d\u5e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u591a\u5be1\u7684\u59a5\u534f\uff0c\u8fd9\u9879\u59a5\u534f\u5e72\u8106\u5c31\u88ab\u53f2\u5bb6\u4eec\u79f0\u505a\u201c\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u59a5\u534f\u201d\uff08The Great Compromise\uff09\uff1b\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u5357\u65b9\u5dde\u548c\u5317\u65b9\u5dde\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u65bc\u5974\u96b6\u662f\u5426\u6709\u9009\u4e3e\u6743\u7684\u59a5\u534f\uff0c\u201c\u4e94\u5206\u4e4b\u53c1\u59a5\u534f\u201d\uff08The three-fifths compromise\uff09\uff1b\u518d\u662f\u4e0e\u5357\u3001\u5317\u65b9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u3001\u5173\u65bc\u56fd\u4f1a\u7ba1\u7406\u65b0\u5927\u9646\u5546\u4e1a\u8d38\u6613\u6743\u9650\u7684\u59a5\u534f\uff0c\u201c\u5546\u4e1a\u59a5\u534f\u201d\uff08The commerce compromises\uff09\u3002

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\u95ee\u9898\u7a81\u5982\u5176\u6765\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u8005\u4ed3\u4fc3\u5e94\u6218\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u4eec\u5f53\u7136\u6709\u6743\u8ba8\u8bba\u65b0\u5baa\u6cd5\u3002\u5bbe\u5dde\u4ee3\u8868\u5e76\u53cd\u95ee\u9053\uff1a\u4f55\u6545\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u6743\u5982\u6b64\u4e0d\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\uff1f\u5b83\u6bd4\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u66f4\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8bda\u4fe1\u5417\uff1f\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u6240\u53d7\u4fdd\u62a4\u5c06\u7531\u6b64\u800c\u8870\u51cf\u5417\uff1f\u7ef4\u5dde\u4ee3\u8868\u57c3\u5fb7\u8499\u00b7\u4f26\u9053\u592b\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u9762\u4e34\u65b0\u5927\u9646\u4e00\u822c\u6563\u6c99\u3001\u5185\u5fe7\u5916\u60a3\u7684\u5904\u5883\uff0c\u5927\u4f1a\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u8ba8\u8bba\u5efa\u7acb\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u65e0\u5f02\u65bc\u80cc\u53db\uff0c\u201c\u53ea\u6709\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u624d\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u51b3\u65b0\u5927\u9646\u5371\u673a\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u201d\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5bf9\u65bc\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u6743\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6b64\u4e43\u6700\u540e\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u8fc7\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6751\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e97\uff08After this experiment, the people will lose all hope\uff09\u3002\u201d

\u5728\u4f1a\u8bae\u8f6c\u800c\u800c\u4e3a\u7ef4\u5dde\u8bae\u6848\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u5435\u5f97\u4e0d\u53ef\u5f00\u4ea4\u65f6\uff0c\u534a\u8def\u518d\u6740\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u54ac\u91d1\uff1a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u5fb7\u9ad8\u671b\u91cd\u7684\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u00b7\u6c49\u660e\u987f\uff08Alexander Hamilton\uff09\u4e5f\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bae\u6848\uff0c\u53cd\u5176\u9053\u800c\u884c\u4e4b\uff0c\u8d70\u5f97\u6bd4\u7ef4\u5dde\u8bae\u6848\u66f4\u8fdc\u3002\u4ed6\u5e72\u8106\u4e3b\u5f20\u82f1\u56fd\u5f0f\u7684\u541b\u4e3b\u7acb\u5baa\uff0c\u9009\u7968\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e00\u4eba\u5f53\u6743\uff0c\u6b64\u6743\u5a01\u53ef\u4ee5\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b9e\u884c\u7ec8\u8eab\u5236\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u7f62\u9edc\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\u4ed6\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u53ea\u4ee3\u8868\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u8be6\u9648\u5df1\u89c1\uff0c\u72ec\u81ea\u53d1\u8a00\u957f\u8fbe\u4e00\u6574\u5929\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u8bae\u6848\u89e6\u52a8\u65b0\u5927\u9646\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u4e03\u5bf8\u4e4b\u75db\uff1a\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7edd\u4e0d\u6e96\u5907\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u6743\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u653f\u5e9c\u5de5\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u8d8a\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6b64\u8bae\u4e5f\u8bb8\u65e0\u5f62\u4e2d\u8d77\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f13\u51b2\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bae\u6848\u57ab\u5e95\uff0c\u7ef4\u5dde\u53c1\u6743\u5206\u7acb\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u8bae\u6848\uff0c\u52a0\u5728\u65b0\u6cfd\u897f\u5dde\u548c\u6c49\u660e\u987f\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bae\u6848\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5eb8\u53ef\u884c\u4e4b\u9053\u3002\u662f\u6446\u8131\u504f\u6fc0\u4e4b\u4e24\u7aef\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u9009\u62e9\u3002

\u6c49\u660e\u987f\u7684\u8bae\u6848\u672a\u7ecf\u8868\u51b3\u5c31\u88ab\u5426\u5b9a\u3002\u65b0\u6cfd\u897f\u8bae\u6848\u6295\u7968\u7ed3\u679c\u906d\u5230\u5426\u51b3\u3002\u4f1a\u8bae\u8fa9\u8bba\u8f6c\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5927\u7684\u5708\uff0c\u518d\u5ea6\u56de\u5230\u53c1\u6743\u5206\u7acb\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u8bae\u6848\u3002\u9488\u5bf9\u56fd\u4f1a\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u6784\u91cc\u5404\u5dde\u8bae\u5458\u5e2d\u4f4d\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u539f\u5219\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5927\u5dde\u548c\u5c0f\u5dde\u4e4b\u95f4\u5c16\u9510\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u548c\u4e89\u7aef\u518d\u5ea6\u5f00\u5c40\u3002

\u8fd9\u4e00\u6fc0\u70c8\u4e89\u8fa9\u4e4b\u518d\u5ea6\u4e2d\u65ad\uff0c\u5e72\u8106\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fdb\u884c\uff1a
\u4ee3\u8868\u4eec\u81ea\u77e5\u7ee7\u7eed\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u9762\u7ea2\u8033\u8d64\u3001\u7bad\u62d4\u5f29\u5f20\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u62d4\u817f\u8d70\u4eba\u3001\u4f1a\u8bae\u6563\u4f19\u3002\u4e3a\u907f\u514d\u6b64\u4e00\u7ed3\u5c40\uff0c\u4f1a\u8bae\u51b3\u5b9a\u6682\u65f6\u6401\u7f6e\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u8f6c\u800c\u8ba8\u8bba\u5176\u4ed6\uff08\u540e\u8be6\uff09\u3002

\u201c\u91cd\u5927\u59a5\u534f\u8bae\u6848\u201d\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u8fbe\u6210\uff0c\u62ab\u8346\u65a9\u68d8\u3001\u4f24\u75d5\u7d2f\u7d2f\u3001\u5f97\u4e4b\u4e0d\u6613\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\uff1a\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u6784\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bae\u9662\uff0c\u53c2\u8bae\u9662\u548c\u4f17\u8bae\u9662\u3002\u5728\u53c2\u8bae\u9662\uff0c\u5404\u5dde\u65e0\u8bba\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u8bae\u5458\u4e00\u5f8b\u4e24\u540d\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5927\u5dde\u5bf9\u5c0f\u5dde\u7684\u8ba9\u6b65\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u5728\u53c2\u8bae\u9662\u5185\u5c0f\u5dde\u53d6\u5f97\u4e0e\u5927\u5dde\u540c\u7b49\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff1b\u5728\u4f17\u8bae\u9662\uff0c\u8bae\u5458\u7531\u5404\u5dde\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u6bd4\u4f8b\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4ee3\u8868\u5c0f\u5dde\u5bf9\u5927\u5dde\u7684\u8ba9\u6b65\uff0c\u5927\u5dde\u5c06\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u53e3\u4f17\u591a\uff0c\u800c\u591a\u7684\u62e5\u6709\u76f8\u5bf9\u591a\u7684\u8bae\u5458\u5e2d\u4f4d\u3002



\u4e09\u3001 \u201c\u4e00\u6839\u5934\u9aee\u4e1d\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u201d


\u591a\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u9ea6\u8fea\u900a\u56de\u5fc6\u8bf4\uff1a\u8d39\u57ce\u5236\u5baa\u4f1a\u8bae\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5927\u5dde\u548c\u5c0f\u5dde\u5728\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u5185\u4ee3\u8868\u6743\u548c\u9009\u4e3e\u6743\u4e4b\u4e89\uff0c\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u5a01\u80c1\u5236\u5baa\u4f7f\u547d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u8bae\u6848\u3002\u8003\u5bdf\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9879\u8bae\u6848\u4e4b\u59a5\u534f\u7684\u8fbe\u6210\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u660e\u767d\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u5168\u4f53\u7edf\u4e00\u610f\u5fd7\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u533a\u57df\u3001\u62e5\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u8981\u8fbe\u6210\u59a5\u534f\uff0c\u4f55\u5176\u8270\u96be\u3002

\u5927\u5dde\uff0c\u7ef4\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5dde\u7684\u57c3\u5fb7\u8499\u00b7\u4f26\u9053\u592b\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8bae\u6848\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u662f\u5404\u5dde\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u4eba\u6570\u51b3\u5b9a\u65bc\u5404\u5dde\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u57fa\u6570\u3002\u7b49\u65bc\u8bf4\u4eba\u53e3\u591a\uff0c\u8bae\u5458\u5e2d\u4f4d\u591a\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u5c11\uff0c\u5e2d\u4f4d\u5c11\u3002\u5c0f\u5dde\u65b0\u6cfd\u897f\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u4f69\u7279\u68ee\uff08William Paterson\uff09\u5219\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u5404\u5dde\u65e0\u8bba\u4eba\u53e3\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u4f1a\u5e94\u5f53\u62e5\u6709\u540c\u7b49\u5e2d\u4f4d\u3002\u4ed6\u5f3a\u70c8\u53cd\u5bf9\u7ef4\u5dde\u8bae\u6848\u3002\u5927\u4f1a\u9075\u5faa\u4f1a\u8bae\u7edf\u4e00\u5bf9\u5916\u53d1\u8a00\u7684\u201c\u5168\u4f53\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d\u89c4\u5219\uff08\u8be6\u89c1\u201c\u89e3\u8bfb\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e8c\uff1a\u5baa\u6cd5\u5927\u4f1a\u7684\u6697\u7bb1\u5236\u4f5c\u539f\u5219\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u65b0\u6cfd\u897f\u5dde\u5c06\u6c38\u4e0d\u52a0\u76df\u6b64\u9879\u8bae\u6848\uff1b\u4ed6\u5ba3\u5e03\uff1a\u65b0\u6cfd\u897f\u5dde\u62d2\u7edd\u88ab\u5927\u5dde\u541e\u6ca1\u3002

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\u4e94\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\u65e5\u91cd\u6e29\u521d\u8877


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\u963f\u5386\u514b\u65af\u00b7\u6258\u514b\u7ef4\u5c14\uff08Alexis de Tocqueville\uff09\u7efc\u5408\u6cd5\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6559\u8bad\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u4e00\u573a\u9769\u547d\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u53d1\u4e24\u6761\u5c0f\u6eaa\uff0c\u4e00\u6761\u5f15\u5411\u6c11\u4e3b\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u6761\u5f15\u5411\u7edd\u5bf9\u6743\u5a01\u3002\u6240\u8a00\u4e0d\u865a\u3002\u8be1\u8c32\u800c\u9669\u6076\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5386\u53f2\u8b49\u660e\uff0c\u5f15\u5411\u6c11\u4e3b\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u9014\u66f2\u6298\u8270\u96be\uff0c\u5f15\u5411\u7edd\u5bf9\u6743\u5a01\u4e4b\u9014\u901a\u7545\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u7edd\u5bf9\u6743\u5a01\u4e0e\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08\u5927\u6c11\u4e3b\u6216\u6cdb\u6c11\u4e3b\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u5bf9\u51a4\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5934\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u4e24\u9762\u3002\u53cd\u6297\u5974\u5f79\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u3001\u6c11\u4e3b\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u6781\u6613\u5bfc\u81f4\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u6cdb\u5316\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6ee5\u7528\u3002\u5f53\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u53cd\u590d\u8bba\u8b49\u8fc7\uff0c\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u4e00\u628a\u53cc\u5203\u5251\uff0c\u65e2\u53ef\u4e3a\u6781\u6743\u66b4\u653f\u7684\u53cd\u6297\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4ea6\u53ef\u4e3a\u65b0\u4e00\u8f6e\u72ec\u88c1\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u6e29\u5e8a\u3002

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\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u81ea\u6709\u5176\u60ef\u6027\uff0c\u8840\u8109\u8d32\u5f20\u63ed\u7aff\u800c\u8d77\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u7406\u6027\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u96be\uff1b\u53cd\u5176\u9053\u800c\u884c\u4e4b\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u626d\u8f6c\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u60ef\u6027\u96be\uff1b\u53cd\u6297\u5974\u5f79\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u6446\u8131\u4e24\u6781\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u6076\u6027\u5faa\u73af\u6a21\u5f0f\u96be\u3002

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\u201cFreedom is not free\u201d\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u4e0d\u662f\u65e0\u4ee3\u4ef7\u7684\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u65e0\u9650\u5236\u7684\u3002

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\u4e03\u3001\u59a5\u534f\u662f\u5baa\u6cd5\u5927\u4f1a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u9057\u4ea7


\u5236\u5baa\u5927\u4f1a\u7684\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4fdd\u5bc6\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\u7545\u6240\u6b32\u8a00\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u5404\u5dde\u4ee3\u8868\u76f8\u4e92\u59a5\u534f\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4e3a\u8fbe\u6210\u5171\u8bc6\u3001\u53d6\u5f97\u534f\u8bae\u800c\u76f8\u4e92\u59a5\u534f\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5236\u5baa\u5927\u4f1a\u7559\u7ed9\u4eba\u7c7b\u5728\u5e73\u7b49\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u76f8\u4e92\u534f\u4f5c\u3001\u5171\u5efa\u5bb6\u56ed\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u653f\u6cbb\u9057\u4ea7\u3002

\u5fb7\u62c9\u74e6\u5dde\u4ee3\u8868\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u8fea\u91d1\u68ee(John Dickinson)\u5728\u5baa\u6cd5\u5927\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u532a\u6d45\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u4e3b\u5f20\u53cc\u65b9\u59a5\u534f\u7684\u4e2d\u575a\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u201c\u91cd\u5927\u59a5\u534f\u8bae\u6848\u201d\u548c\u6295\u7968\u901a\u8fc7\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4eba\u3002

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