{"id":4957,"date":"2008-06-03T04:40:01","date_gmt":"2008-06-03T04:40:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:10081\/?p=4957 "},"modified":"2008-06-03T04:40:01","modified_gmt":"2008-06-03T04:40:01","slug":"4957-revision-v1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/?p=4957","title":{"rendered":"\u5b9e\u73b0\u515a\u5185\u6c11\u4e3b-\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u89c6\u91ce\u4e0b\u7684\u653f\u515a\u4e0e\u6c11\u4e3b"},"content":{"rendered":"

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    \u5168\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u5b66\u4f1a\u611f\u8c22\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u9645\u5f00\u53d1\u7f72\uff08U.S.Agency for International Development \uff0cUSAID\uff09\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u672c\u9879\u76ee\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8d44\u91d1\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff1aKenneth Wollack
\u9ad8\u7ea7\u52a9\u7406\uff0c\u653f\u515a\u9879\u76ee\u4e3b\u4efb\uff1a\u7231\u6587•\u675c\u5c14\u63d0\uff08Ivan Doherty\uff09<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

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    Susan Scarrow\u662f\u4f11\u65af\u6566\u5927\u5b66\uff08University of Houston\uff09\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u526f\u6559\u6388 \u5979\u662f\u300a\u653f\u515a\u7684\u524d\u666f\uff1a\u7ecf\u5178\u8bfb\u7269\u300b\uff08Perspectives on Political Parties: Classic Readings\uff09\uff082002\uff09\u548c\u300a\u653f\u515a\u53ca\u5176\u6210\u5458\uff1a\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u5fb7\u56fd\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d77\u6765\u4e89\u53d6\u80dc\u5229\u300b\uff08Parties and their Members: Organizing for Victory in Britain and Germany\uff09\uff081996\uff09\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0e\u5e03\u9c81\u65af•\u51ef\u6069\uff08Bruce Cain\uff09\u548c\u7f57\u585e\u5c14•\u8fbe\u5c14\u987f\uff08Russell Dalton\uff09\u5171\u540c\u7f16\u8f91\u4e86\u300a\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\uff1f\u300b\uff08Democracy Transformed? \uff09\uff082003\uff09\u3002\u5979\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u520a\u767b\u5728\u300a\u6bd4\u8f83\u653f\u6cbb\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff08Comparative Political Studies\uff09\u3001\u300a\u7acb\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\u5b63\u520a\u300b\uff08Legislative Studies Quarterly\uff09\u3001\u300a\u653f\u515a\u653f\u6cbb\u300b\uff08Party Politics\uff09\u3001\u300a\u6b27\u6d32\u653f\u6cbb\u7814\u7a76\u520a\u7269\u300b\uff08The European Journal of Political Research\uff09\u7b49\u520a\u7269\u4e0a\u3002Scarrow\u535a\u58eb\u662f\u300a\u653f\u515a\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u897f\u6b27\u653f\u6cbb\u300b\uff08Party Politics and West European Politics\uff09\u7684\u7f16\u59d4\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u4f1a\uff08the American Political Science Association\uff09\u7684\u5206\u4f1a\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u7ec4\uff08the British Politics Group\uff09\u7684\u524d\u4efb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3002\u5979\u62e5\u6709\u8036\u9c81\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

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  ➝\u653f\u515a\u4f1a\u8bae\uff1f
  ➝\u515a\u5458\u6295\u7968\uff1f
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    20\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u9769\u547d\u5236\u5ea6\u515a(PRI)\u652f\u914d\u7740\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5f00\u59cb\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u9769\u547d\u5236\u5ea6\u515a\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u52a8\u8361\u4e4b\u540e\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u652f\u6301\u30021988\u5e74\uff0c\u9769\u547d\u5236\u5ea6\u515a\u5728\u56fd\u6c11\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e2d\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u5e2d\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u7531\u4e8e\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u8ba1\u7968\u624d\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u603b\u7edf\u804c\u4f4d\u3002\u8fd9\u6b21\u9009\u4e3e\u660e\u786e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff1a\u9769\u547d\u5236\u5ea6\u515a\u6253\u7b97\u6269\u5927\u5176\u9009\u4e3e\u5438\u5f15\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7ade\u9009\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e94\u5bf9\u53d8\u5316\u4e86\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u9769\u547d\u5236\u5ea6\u515a\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u548c\u9769\u547d\u5236\u5ea6\u515a\u652f\u6301\u7684\u603b\u7edf\u53d1\u8d77\u4e86\u653f\u515a\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u628a\u6743\u529b\u4ece\u8be5\u515a\u7684\u793e\u56e2\u90e8\u95e8(\u5982\u5de5\u4f1a\u548c\u519c\u4e1a\u90e8\u95e8)\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90e8\u95e8\u4e89\u53d6\u9009\u7968\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u6b63\u5728\u51cf\u5c11\u2014\u2014\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u66f4\u591a\u662f\u4f9d\u636e\u5730\u7406\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u201c\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u201d\u7684\u90e8\u95e8\u4e2d\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u5dde\u4e00\u7ea7\u7684\u653f\u515a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5728\u8be5\u515a\u7684\u5168\u56fd\u6267\u884c\u673a\u6784\u4e2d\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u53d1\u8a00\u6743\uff0c\u8fd8\u91c7\u53d6\u63aa\u65bd\u6269\u5927\u4e86\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u9009\u4e3e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u6027(\u9664\u4e86\u603b\u7edf\u63d0\u540d\u4e4b\u5916)\u3002
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\u7ed3\u8bba<\/FONT><\/STRONG><\/P>\r\n

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\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e
1. See Chung-li Wu, \u201cThe Transformation of the Kuomintang\u2019s Candidate Selection System,\u201d Party Politics 7 (January 2001): 103\u201318.
2. This seems to have happened temporarily in Israeli parties when they experimented with the democratization of candidate selection in
the mid-1990s. See Gideon Rahat and Reuven Y. Hazan, \u201cCandidate Selection Methods: An Analytic Framework,\u201d Party Politics 7 (May
2001): 297\u2013322.
3. See especially John D. May, \u201cOpinion Structure of Political Parties: The Special Law of Curvilinear Disparity\u201d Political Studies 21 (June
1973): 135\u201351.
4. Richard S. Katz, \u201cThe Problem of Candidate Selection and Models of Party Democracy,\u201d Party Politics 7 (May 2001): 293.
5. See Thomas Poguntke, Alternative Politics (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1993).
6. Samuel Eldersveld, Political Parties: A Behavioral Analysis (Chicago: Rand McNally, 1964).
7. Pippa Norris, Passages to Power: Legislative Recruitment in Advanced Democracies (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997); Gideon
Rahat and Reuven Y. Hazan, \u201cCandidate Selection Methods: An Analytic Framework\u201d; Austin Ranney, \u201cCandidate Selection,\u201d in David
Butler, Howard Penniman, and Austin Ranney, eds., Democracy at the Polls: A Comparative Study of Competitive National Elections
(Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute, 1981), 75\u2013106; Krister Lundell, \u201cDeterminants of Candidate Selection: The Degree
of Centralization in Comparative Perspective,\u201d Party Politics 10 (September 2004): 25\u201347.
8. Vicky Randall and Lars Svåsand, \u201cParty Institutionalization in New Democracies,\u201d Party Politics 8 (2002): 5\u201329; Angelo Panebianco,
Political Parties: Organization and Power (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988).
9. See Miguel de Deluca, Mark Jones, and Maria Ines Tula, \u201cBack Rooms or Ballot Boxes? Candidate Nomination in Argentina,\u201d Comparative
Political Studies 35 (December 2002): 413\u201336; Bonnie Field, \u201cModes of Transition, Internal Party Rules, and Levels of Elite Continuity:
A Comparison of the Spanish and Argentine Democracies,\u201d Working Paper, Center for the Study of Democracy, University of California,
Irvine, 2004.
10. See Gideon Rahat and Reuven Y. Hazan, \u201cCandidate Selection Methods: An Analytic Framework.\u201d
11. Susan Scarrow, \u201cParties without Members? Party Organization in a Changing Electoral Environment,\u201d in Russell Dalton and Martin
Wattenberg, eds., Parties Without Partisans: Political Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000),
79\u2013101.
12. Roberto Michels, Political Parties: A Sociological Study of the Oligarchical Tendencies of Modern Democracies, Eden Paul and Cedar Paul,
trans. (New York: Dover, 1959), 401.
13. Thomas Poguntke, \u201cParty Organisations,\u201d in Jan van Deth, ed., Comparative Politics: The Problem of Equivalence (London: Routledge,
1998), 156\u201379.
14. See Joy Langston, \u201cWhy Rules Matter: Changes in Candidate Selection in Mexico\u2019s PRI, 1988\u20132000,\u201d Journal of Latin American Studies
33 (August 2001): 485\u2013511; Jonathan Rosenberg, \u201cMexico: The End of Party Corporatism?\u201d in Clive Thomas, ed., Political Parties and
Interest Groups: Shaping Democratic Governance (Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner, 2001), 247\u201368.
15. Krister Lundell, \u201cDeterminants of Candidate Selection: The Degree of Centralization in Comparative Perspective.\u201d
16. Carolyn Warner, Confessions of an Interest Group: The Catholic Church and Political Parties in Europe (Princeton: Princeton University
Press, 2000).
17. Russell Dalton, Citizen Politics in Western Democracies: Public Opinion and Political Parties in the United States, Great Britain, West
Germany, and France, 2nd ed. (Chatham, N.J.: Chatham House, 1996); Ian Budge, The New Challenge of Direct Democracy (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1996).
<\/FONT><\/P>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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