{"id":50758,"date":"2015-11-03T21:52:00","date_gmt":"2015-11-03T21:52:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:10081\/?p=50758 "},"modified":"2015-11-03T21:52:00","modified_gmt":"2015-11-03T21:52:00","slug":"50758-revision-v1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/?p=50758","title":{"rendered":"\u674e\u6021\uff1a\u987b\u5fcd\u53d7\u4e3a\u516c\u4e49\u800c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u90aa\u6076\u624b\u6bb5"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>19\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u6258\u514b\u7ef4\u5c14\uff08Alexis de Tocqueville\uff0c1805&#8212;1859\uff09\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u6e38\u5386\u540e\u5199\u6210\u63a2\u8ba8\u65b0\u5927\u9646\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5de8\u8457\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u6bb5\u8bdd\uff1a\u300c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e4b\u4f1f\u5927\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u5979\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u66f4\u4e3a\u806a\u660e\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4e8e\u5979\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u80fd\u529b\u4fee\u8865\u81ea\u5df1\u72af\u4e0b\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u300d<\/div><div>&nbsp;<\/div><div>\u4efb\u4f55\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u90fd\u4f1a\u72af\u9519\uff0c\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u4fee\u6b63\u9519\u8bef\u5c31\u4f1a\u6210\u5c31\u4f1f\u5927\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u4eba\u751f\u3002\u4fee\u6b63\u9519\u8bef\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5177\u6709\u4fee\u6b63\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u5979\u7684\u62d3\u8352\u7cbe\u795e\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u66f4\u7531\u4e8e\u5f00\u56fd\u5143\u52cb\u91cd\u89c6\u65b0\u95fb\u81ea\u7531\u3002<\/div><div><\/div><div>&nbsp;<\/div><div>\u65b0\u95fb\u81ea\u7531\u662f\u901a\u5f80\u771f\u7406\u4e4b\u8def<\/div><div><\/div><div>&nbsp;<\/div><div>\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f00\u56fd\u5143\u52cb\u6770\u5f17\u900a\uff08Thomas Jefferson\uff0c1743&#8212;1826\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u300c\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u9760\u7406\u6027\u548c\u771f\u7406\u6765\u6cbb\u7406\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5f00\u653e\u4e00\u5207\u901a\u5f80\u771f\u7406\u7684\u9053\u8def\u3002\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u6240\u53d1\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u6700\u6709\u6548\u7684\u9053\u8def\u4fbf\u662f\u65b0\u95fb\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u300d\u4ed6\u7684\u65b0\u95fb\u81ea\u7531\u89c2\u662f\u53d1\u6325\u62a5\u520a\u76d1\u7763\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u610f\u89c1\u9519\u8bef\u4e5f\u662f\u597d\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u300c\u4eba\u6c11\u662f\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u76d1\u7763\u4eba\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4fc3\u4f7f\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u9075\u5b88\u4ed6\u4eec\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u539f\u5219&#8230;&#8230;\u5982\u679c\u8981\u6211\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u6709\u653f\u5e9c\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u62a5\u7eb8\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u62a5\u7eb8\u800c\u6ca1\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u6beb\u4e0d\u72b9\u8c6b\u5730\u9009\u62e9\u540e\u8005\u3002\u300d\u8fd9\u6bb5\u8bdd\u88ab\u7f8e\u56fd\u65b0\u95fb\u754c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u8303\u6587\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u590d\u5236\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u9ad8\u60ac\u4e8e\u5404\u62a5\u793e\u7684\u5899\u4e0a\u3002\u4ed6\u6240\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u65b0\u95fb\u51fa\u7248\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5ba2\u89c2\u5730\u62a5\u9053\u65b0\u95fb\u4e8b\u4ef6\u548c\u53d1\u8868\u6b63\u786e\u610f\u89c1\u7684\u81ea\u7531&#8203;&#8203;\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u8bf4\u5047\u8bdd\uff0c\u9020\u8c23\u548c\u8bfd\u8c24\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u4ed6\u575a\u4fe1\u4eba\u7c7b\u7406\u667a\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u8c0e\u8a00\uff0c\u8bfd\u8c24\uff0c\u5047\u8bdd\u5c06\u4e0d\u653b\u81ea\u7834\u3002\u800c\u4ed6\u5728\u6267\u653f\u671f\u95f4\u4e5f\u52aa\u529b&#8203;&#8203;\u8df5\u884c\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7ec8\u751f\u6240\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/div><div>&nbsp;<\/div><div><\/div><div>1971\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u519b\u65b9\u5206\u6790\u5e08\u827e\u65af\u4f2f\u683c\uff08Daniel Ellsberg\uff09\u5c06\u4e00\u4efd\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u9632\u90e8\u5bc6\u4ef6\u5077\u4e86\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4ea4\u7ed9\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\u53d1\u8868\uff0c\u4e24\u5929\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4ee5\u5371\u5bb3\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u4e3a\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u7981\u5236\u7ee7\u7eed\u520a\u767b\u3002\u6848\u4ef6\u95f9\u5230\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u4ee5\u516d\u6bd4\u4e09\u88c1\u51b3\u300a\u7ebd\u65f6\u300b\u6709\u6743\u7ee7\u7eed\u520a\u8f7d\u300c\u4e94\u89d2\u5927\u697c\u5bc6\u4ef6\u300d\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98Hugo Black\u5728\u610f\u89c1\u4e66\u4e2d\u5199\u4e0b\u4e00\u53e5\u65b0\u95fb\u754c\u572d\u81ec\uff1a\u300c\u65b0\u95fb\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6700\u5927\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u9632\u6b62\u653f\u5e9c\u4efb\u4f55\u90e8\u95e8\u6b3a\u9a97\u4eba\u6c11\u3002\u300d<\/div><div><\/div><div>&nbsp;<\/div><div>1974\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98Potter Stewart\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u65b0\u95fb\u5a92\u4f53\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u4e09\u6743\uff08\u884c\u653f\u3001\u7acb\u6cd5\u3001\u53f8\u6cd5\uff09\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u7b2c\u56db\u6743\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u5b83\u5e94\u8be5\u5177\u6709\u76d1\u7763\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u9632\u6b62\u653f\u5e9c\u6ee5\u6743\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5176\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f20\u64ad\u6cd5\u5b66\u6559\u6388C. Edwin Baker\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u516b\u9879\u65b0\u95fb\u81ea\u7531\u5177\u4f53\u5185\u6db5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u65b0\u95fb\u5a92\u4f53\u5e94\u6709\u53d6\u5f97\u653f\u5e9c\u6240\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u8d44\u8baf\u6216\u662f\u8fdb\u5165\u653f\u5e9c\u6240\u638c\u63a7\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8bbe\u65bd\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u5176\u6240\u9700\u8d44\u8baf\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff1b\u65b0\u95fb\u8bb0\u8005\u4e3a\u83b7\u53d6\u8d44\u8baf\u6216\u4e3a\u62a5\u9053\u67d0\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5f97\u4e0d\u53d7\u67d0\u4e9b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u7981\u6b62\u4fb5\u5165\u4ed6\u4eba\u4f4f\u6240\u7684\u89c4\u8303\uff1b\u65b0\u95fb\u5a92\u4f53\u4eab\u6709\u62a5\u9053\u635f\u5bb3\u4ed6\u4eba\u540d\u8a89\u8d44\u8baf\u7684\u7279\u522b\u6743\u5229\uff1b\u65b0\u95fb\u5a92\u4f53\u5bf9\u4e8e\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u7981\u6b62\u62a5\u9053\u547d\u4ee4\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u524d\u9650\u5236\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u6bd4\u4e00\u822c\u5927\u4f17\u53d7\u8f83\u591a\u4fdd\u62a4\uff1b\u5728\u5e76\u975e\u5211\u4e8b\u5acc\u7591\u72af\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u65b0\u95fb\u5a92\u4f53\u6709\u4e0d\u53d7\u653f\u5e9c\u641c\u7d22\u53ca\u6263\u62bc\u4e4b\u6743\uff1b\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/div><div><\/div><div>&nbsp;<\/div><div>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5173\u4e8e\u65b0\u95fb\u5a92\u4f53\u7684\u62a5\u9053\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u5168\u90e8\u88ab\u7f8e\u56fd\u6cd5\u9662\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u5728\u5a92\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u5f97\u653f\u5e9c\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u8d44\u8baf\u548c\u62a5\u9053\u635f\u5bb3\u4ed6\u4eba\u540d\u8a89\u6743\u5229\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u3002\u4f46\u57fa\u4e8e\u514d\u53d7\u653f\u5e9c\u5e72\u9884\u4e3a\u5404\u79cd\u4eba\u6743\u7684\u6839\u672c\uff0c\u800c\u65b0\u95fb\u81ea\u7531\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4\u4eba\u6743\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u73af\u8282\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6cd5\u9662\u5927\u90fd\u5bf9\u5a92\u4f53\u7684\u300c\u8e29\u754c\u300d\u6301\u5bbd\u677e\u88c1\u51b3\u3002<\/div><div>&nbsp;<\/div><div><\/div><div>\u5728\u635f\u5bb3\u540d\u8a89\u7684\u8bfd\u8c24\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u7f8e\u56fd\u6cd5\u9662\u5c31\u300cNew York Times Co. v. Sullivan\u300d\u4e00\u6848\u7684\u88c1\u5b9a\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u300c\u8ba9\u65b0\u95fb\u5a92\u4f53\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6bcf\u4e00\u6761\u65b0\u95fb\u62a5\u9053\u90fd\u771f\u5b9e\u65e0\u9519\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4e8b\u300d\uff1b\u300c\u9664\u975e\u516c\u804c\u4eba\u5458\u80fd\u62ff\u51fa\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u65b0\u95fb\u5a92\u4f53\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u771f\u5b9e\u6076\u610f\uff0c\u5373\u300e\u660e\u77e5\u5176\u8a00\u865a\u5047\u300f\u300d\u624d\u6784\u6210\u8bfd\u8c24\u3002<\/div><div>&nbsp;<\/div><div><\/div><div>\u5077\u62cd\u5077\u5f55\u7ef4\u62a4\u8206\u8bba\u76d1\u7763\u6743<\/div><div>&nbsp;<\/div><div><\/div><div>\u827e\u65af\u4f2f\u683c\u5077\u53d6\u56fd\u9632\u90e8\u5bc6\u4ef6\u53d1\u8868\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u516c\u4f17\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u5373\u9632\u6b62\u653f\u5e9c\u6b3a\u9a97\u4eba\u6c11\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u4f46\u4e0d\u88ab\u5224\u7f6a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u793e\u4f1a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u9053\u5fb7\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u7684\u963f\u6851\u5947\u3001\u65af\u8bfa\u767b\u6cc4\u5bc6\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e00\u822c\u8ba4\u77e5\u662f\u5373\u4f7f\u8fdd\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e76\u975e\u4e0d\u9053\u5fb7\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u516c\u4e49\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u65b0\u95fb\u91c7\u8bbf\u7528\u5077\u5f55\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u666e\u904d\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u65b0\u95fb\u81ea\u7531\u5c45\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u672b\u7684\u4e2d\u5171\u56fd\uff0c2001\u5e74\u4e5f\u6709\u68c0\u5bdf\u65e5\u62a5\u526f\u603b\u7f16\u8f91\u4e07\u6625\u5728\u300a\u65b0\u95fb\u8bb0\u8005\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u53d1\u8868\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u300c\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd0\u7528\u300e\u5077\u62cd\u5077\u5f55\u300f\u624b\u6bb5\u8fdb\u884c\u91c7\u8bbf\u5e76\u4e0d\u8fdd\u6cd5\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5077\u62cd\u5077\u5f55\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fdb\u884c\u65b0\u95fb\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u77e5\u60c5\u6743\u548c\u8206\u8bba\u76d1\u7763\u6743\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5176\u8eab\u4efd\u3001\u804c\u52a1\u3001\u4efb\u52a1\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u90fd\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u8fdd\u6cd5\u6027\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5371\u5bb3\u6027\u3002&#8230;&#8230;\uff08\u5077\u62cd\u5077\u5f55\uff09\u53ef\u80fd\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u91c7\u8bbf\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u610f\u613f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u91c7\u8bbf\u5bf9\u8c61\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e0d\u613f\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\u6653\u7684\u9690\u79c1\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e0e\u4fdd\u969c\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u77e5\u60c5\u6743\u548c\u8206\u8bba\u76d1\u7763\u6743\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u88ab\u91c7\u8bbf\u8005\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u610f\u613f\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u9690\u79c1\u5e94\u9000\u5c45\u6b21\u8981\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u300d<\/div><div>&nbsp;<\/div><div><\/div><div>\u8fdd\u53cd\u4fdd\u5bc6\u534f\u8bae\u5077\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5077\u62cd\u5077\u5f55\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u90aa\u6076\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u4f46\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u7ef4\u514b\u6258\u5c14\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bf4\uff1a\u300c\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u83b7\u5f97\u65b0\u95fb\u81ea\u7531\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u4f18\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u5fcd\u53d7\u5b83\u6240\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u90aa\u6076&#8230;&#8230;\u300d<\/div><div>&nbsp;<\/div><div><\/div><div>\u5f53\u6709\u4eba\u4ee5\u5148\u9a8c\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u538b\u5236\u4eba\u6743\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u4ee5\u7ef4\u62a4\u4eba\u6743\u4e3a\u5148\u3002\u65b0\u95fb\u81ea\u7531\u65e2\u4ee5\u4fdd\u536b\u4eba\u6743\u4e3a\u5929\u804c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u5fcd\u53d7\u5b83\u4e3a\u516c\u4e49\u800c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u90aa\u6076\u624b\u6bb5\u3002<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>19\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u6258\u514b\u7ef4\u5c14\uff08Alexis de Tocqueville\uff0c1805&#8212;1859\uff09 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-50758","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-thought","et-doesnt-have-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50758","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=50758"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50758\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=50758"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=50758"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=50758"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}