{"id":51256,"date":"2015-11-18T22:35:00","date_gmt":"2015-11-18T22:35:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:10081\/?p=51256 "},"modified":"2015-11-18T22:35:00","modified_gmt":"2015-11-18T22:35:00","slug":"51256-revision-v1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/?p=51256","title":{"rendered":"\u66f9\u957f\u9752\uff1a\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u6211\u53d8\u9769\u5417\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\u5df4\u9ece\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u53d1\u751f\u540e\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u95ee\u9898\u518d\u5ea6\u5f15\u8d77\u5168\u7403\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u7f8e\u56fd911\u906d\u6050\u6016\u88ad\u51fb\u540e\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u4e3b\u4e49\u5c31\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u5b66\u754c\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u666e\u901a\u6c11\u4f17\uff09\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u8bae\u9898\u3002<\/div><div>&nbsp;<\/div><div><\/div><div>\u7f8e\u56fd\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u7a46\u65af\u6797\uff08\u4fe1\u5949\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\uff09\uff1f\u7531\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u95ee\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e00\u76f4\u6ca1\u6709\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u3002\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u56e2\u4f53\u8bf4\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6709500\u4e07\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u591a\u8fbe900\u4e07\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u3002\u4f46\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e13\u5bb6\u5b66\u8005\u957f\u671f\u8ffd\u8e2a\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u5b57\u504f\u9ad8\u3002<\/div><div><\/div><div>&nbsp;<\/div><div><\/div><div>\u636e\u7f8e\u56fd\u77e5\u540d\u7684\u76ae\u5c24\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff08Pew\uff09\u4eca\u5e74\uff082015\uff094\u6708\u516c\u5e03\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u7edf\u8ba1\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u603b\u5171\u6709277\u4e07\uff0c\u5728\u76ee\u524d\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u53e33\u4ebf3\u5343\u4e07\u4e2d\u53600.85%\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8ddf\u82f1\u3001\u6cd5\u7b49\u6b27\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u6bd4\u4f8b\u8fd8\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u53605%\uff0c\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u5df2\u536010%\u3002<\/div><div><\/div><div>&nbsp;<\/div><div><\/div><div>\u8ddf\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u5b97\u6559\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u4ecd\u5904\u4e8e&#8220;\u5c11\u6570\u5730\u4f4d&#8221;\uff0c\u6392\u7b2c\u56db\u4f4d\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u76ae\u5c24\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u5927\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff0c\u4fe1\u5949\u8005\u5360\u4eba\u53e378.3%\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u6709\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6216\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u4e3b\u5bb0\uff0c\u4f46\u65e0\u5b97\u6559\u6d3e\u522b\u7684\uff08unaffiliated\uff09\u536016.4%\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u662f\u72b9\u592a\u6559\uff0c\u53601.8%\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u662f\u4f5b\u6559\uff0c\u53601.2%\uff0c\u7b2c\u56db\u662f\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\uff0c\u53600.9%\u3002<\/div><div><\/div><div>&nbsp;<\/div><div><\/div><div>\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u60f3\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u7a46\u65af\u6797\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u4e2d\u4e1c\u6765\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4e0d\u7136\u3002\u636e2000\u5e74\u4f50\u683c\u6bd4\uff08Zogby\uff09\u7684\u6c11\u8c03\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\uff0c\u53ea\u670923\uff05\u4fe1\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\uff0c\u5176\u4ed670\uff05\u4ee5\u4e0a\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d42\uff05\u662f\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\uff0c23\uff05\u662f\u6b63\u6559\u5f92 \uff08Orthodox\uff09\uff0c12\uff05\u662f\u65b0\u6559\u5f92\u3002<\/div><div><\/div><div>&nbsp;<\/div><div><\/div><div>\u636e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u76ae\u5c24\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u51fa\u751f\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u662f\u4ece\u4e2d\u4e1c\u3001\u5357\u4e9a\u7b49\u6765\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u53ca\u540e\u88d4\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u56e2\u4f53The Nation of Islam\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u4e2d\u4e1c\u6765\u7684\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u72c2\u70ed\u8005\u4e3b\u5bfc\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea6\u51fa\u751f\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u7267\u5e08\u6cd5\u62c9\u80af\uff08Louis Farrakhan\uff09\u7387\u9886\u7684\u3002\u5728\u7535\u89c6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u65f6\u770b\u5230\u6cd5\u62c9\u80af\u58f0\u5636\u529b\u7aed\u5730\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c\u8eab\u540e\u8fd8\u7ad9\u7740\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ed6\u7684\u6240\u8c13&#8220;\u536b\u961f&#8221;\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7a7f\u7edf\u4e00\u5236\u670d\uff0c\u4ed6\u6bcf\u8bb2\u51e0\u53e5\u8bdd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b&#8220;\u536b\u961f\u4eec&#8221;\u5c31\u8ddf\u7740\u5406\u559d\u52a9\u5a01\uff0c\u5f88\u50cf\u9a6c\u620f\u56e2\u7684\u8138\u8c31\u4e11\u89d2\u5728\u8868\u6f14\u3002<\/div><div><\/div><div>&nbsp;<\/div><div><\/div><div>\u6cd5\u62c9\u80af\u66fe\u516c\u5f00\u6b4c\u9882\u7eb3\u7cb9\u9886\u8896\uff0c\u8d5e\u8a89\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u4e3a&#8220;\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u4eba\u7269&#8221;\u3002\u6cd5\u62c9\u80af\u8ddf\u5229\u6bd4\u4e9a\u72ec\u88c1\u8005\u5361\u624e\u83f2\u662f\u597d\u53cb\uff0c\u5f53\u5e74\u5317\u7ea6\u7b49\u6253\u51fb\u5229\u6bd4\u4e9a\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u529b\u633a\u5361\u624e\u83f2\u3002\u6cd5\u62c9\u80af\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u53cd\u72b9\u3001\u53cd\u540c\u6027\u604b\u3001\u53cd\u767d\u4eba\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u6cd5\u62c9\u80af\u751a\u81f3\u63d0\u51fa\u9ed1\u4eba\u8981\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u8bf4\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba\u53ea\u662f\u6328\u6574\u3002\u4eca\u5e7482\u5c81\u7684\u6cd5\u62c9\u80af\u66fe\u51e0\u6b21\u9886\u5bfc\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u9996\u90fd\u534e\u76db\u987f\u4e3e\u884c\u7684&#8220;\u767e\u4e07\u9ed1\u4eba\u5927\u6e38\u884c&#8221;\u3002\u4ed6\u88ab\u5212\u5165\u6781\u7aef\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7684\u5f3a\u786c\u6d3e\u884c\u5217\u3002<\/div><div><\/div><div>&nbsp;<\/div><div><\/div><div>\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u67aa\u51fb\u6848\u53d1\u751f\u540e\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u518d\u6b21\u63d0\u95ee\uff0c\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u4e2d\u6709\u591a\u5c11&#8220;\u6e29\u548c\u6d3e&#8221;\uff1f\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u7ed9\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u4e16\u754c\u5e26\u6765\u53d8\u9769\uff1f\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u88ab\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u56fd\u3001\u6bdb\u62c9\u4eec\u4ee5\u53ca\u6cd5\u62c9\u80af\u8fd9\u79cd\u6781\u7aef\u8005\u4e3b\u5bfc\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u7ed9\u4e16\u754c\u5e26\u6765\u707e\u96be\uff1f<\/div><div><\/div><div>&nbsp;<\/div><div><\/div><div>\u7f8e\u56fd\u53d1\u884c\u91cf\u6700\u5927\u7684\u300a\u534e\u5c14\u8857\u65e5\u62a5\u300b\u66fe\u9080\u8bf7\u516d\u4f4d\u77e5\u540d\u4eba\u58eb\u548c\u4e13\u5bb6\uff08\u5176\u4e2d\u56db\u4f4d\u662f\u7a46\u65af\u6797\uff09\u5bf9\u6b64\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/div><div><\/div><div>&nbsp;<\/div><div><\/div><div>\u8fd9\u56db\u4f4d\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u515a\u9886\u8896\u5b89\u534e\uff08Anwar Ibrahim\uff09\u3002\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u662f\u975e\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u7684\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4eba\u53e361\uff05\u662f\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u3002\u5b89\u534e\u66fe\u4efb\u526f\u603b\u7406\uff0c\u540e\u56e0\u88ab\u6307\u63a7\u540c\u6027\u604b\u884c\u4e3a\u800c\u906d\u8d77\u8bc9\u5224\u5211\u3002\u897f\u65b9\u89c2\u5bdf\u5bb6\u591a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u515a\u6d3e\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u5728\u5b89\u534e\u6848\u5ba1\u7406\u65f6\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u524d\u526f\u603b\u7edf\u6208\u5c14\u548c\u524d\u56fd\u9632\u90e8\u526f\u90e8\u957f\u6c83\u5c14\u592b\u7ef4\u5179\uff08Paul Wolfowitz\uff09\u66fe\u8054\u624b\u5728\u300a\u534e\u5c14\u8857\u65e5\u62a5\u300b\u53d1\u6587\u58f0\u63f4\u5b89\u534e\u3002\u6208\u5c14\u548c\u6c83\u5c14\u592b\u7ef4\u5179\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u4e24\u6781\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u5de6\u7ffc\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u662f\u5171\u548c\u515a\u53f3\u7ffc\u3002\u8fde\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u5728\u6587\u7ae0\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u6240\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u4ed6\u4fe9\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u7acb\u573a\u76f8\u5de6\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u4e00\u81f4\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5b89\u534e\u6848\u5e94\u516c\u5e73\u5ba1\u7406\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u662f\u5426\u6210\u4e3a\u6c11\u4e3b\u3001\u591a\u5143\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u81f3\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u6c83\u5c14\u592b\u7ef4\u5179\u66fe\u505a\u8fc7\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u5370\u5c3c\u5927\u4f7f\uff0c\u5bf9\u5357\u4e9a\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u56fd\u5bb6\u60c5\u51b5\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u5bf9\u5b89\u534e\u6848\u4e5f\u4e00\u76f4\u5173\u6ce8\u3002<\/div><div>&nbsp;<\/div><div><\/div><div>\u4ece\u5b89\u534e\u7684\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8ba8\u8bba\u6587\u7ae0\u53ef\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f4d\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e\u9886\u8896\uff0c\u5bf9\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6539\u9769\u7b49\u90fd\u6709\u72ec\u5230\u89c1\u89e3\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u666e\u901a\u7a46\u65af\u6797\uff0c\u50cf\u5176\u4ed6\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8005\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u91cd\u89c6\u5bb6\u5ead\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u7948\u7977\u548c\u5e73\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u5e73\u9759\u5730\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u800c\u90a3\u4e9b\u6781\u7aef\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53cd\u6c11\u4e3b\u3001\u53cd\u897f\u65b9\u3001\u53cd\u72b9\uff0c\u81ea\u95ed\u800c\u4e0d\u5bbd\u5bb9\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u8ddf\u4eca\u5929\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u793e\u533a\u5171\u5b58\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7528\u6740\u5bb3\u5e73\u6c11\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8c0b\u6c42\u653f\u6cbb\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9020\u6210\u751f\u547d\u7684\u4e27\u5931\u548c\u4eb2\u4eba\u7684\u75db\u82e6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e25\u91cd\u4f24\u5bb3\u4e86\u771f\u6b63\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8005\u3002<\/div><div>&nbsp;<\/div><div><\/div><div>\u5b89\u534e\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u4e0d\u5e94\u8d70\u6781\u7aef\uff1a\u4e0d\u662f\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u90fd\u653e\u5f03\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u603b\u5938\u8d5e\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u600e\u6837\u8f89\u714c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u793e\u4f1a\u5e94\u66f4\u5f3a\u70c8\u5730\u8c34\u8d23\u6781\u7aef\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5206\u5b50\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u8fd8\u4e0d\u591f\uff0c\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u8fd8\u5e94\u4e00\u81f4\u53d1\u51fa\u7ed3\u675f\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u4e16\u754c\u4e13\u5236\u653f\u6743\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e13\u5236\u662f\u963b\u6b62\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u5e73\u4e0e\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u6700\u5927\u969c\u788d\u3002\u5b89\u534e\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff0c&#8220;\u7403\u5728\u4eba\u6c11\u4e00\u8fb9&#8221;\u3002<\/div><div>&nbsp;<\/div><div><\/div><div>\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u667a\u5e93\u521b\u529e\u4eba\u3001\u66fe\u51fa\u7248\u300a\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u300b\u4e13\u8457\u7684\u80e1\u68ee\uff08Ed Husain\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c5e\u4e8e&#8220;\u6e29\u548c\u7684\u7a46\u65af\u6797&#8221;\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u8fd9\u4e2a\u79f0\u53f7\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u597d\u50cf\u4ed6\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6253\u4e86\u6298\u6263\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u63d0\u6cd5\u7b49\u4e8e\u7ed9\u4e86\u90a3\u4e9b\u6781\u7aef\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u53e3\u5b9e\uff0c\u8bf4\u4ed6\u4eec\u624d\u662f\u6b63\u7edf\u7684\u7a46\u65af\u6797\uff0c\u800c&#8220;\u6e29\u548c\u7684&#8221;\u662f\u6253\u4e86\u6298\u6263\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd8\u662f\u79f0\u4ed6\u4e3a&#8220;\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u7a46\u65af\u6797&#8221;\u6bd4\u8f83\u597d\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u8654\u8bda\u7684\u7a46\u65af\u6797\uff0c\u4e5f\u5b8c\u5168\u897f\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u7edf\u4e00\u3002<\/div><div>&nbsp;<\/div><div><\/div><div>\u524d\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u9a7b\u82f1\u56fd\u5927\u4f7f\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7814\u7a76\u90e8\u4e3b\u4efb\u30012010\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u300a\u6765\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u5386&#8758;\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7684\u6311\u6218\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u7684\u963f\u66fc\u7279\uff08Akbar Ahmed\uff09\u4e5f\u8ba4\u4e3a&#8220;\u6e29\u548c&#8221;\u4e0e&#8220;\u6fc0\u8fdb&#8221;\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u4e0d\u600e\u4e48\u597d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u7ed9\u4eba\u7684\u611f\u89c9\uff0c\u591a\u6570\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u662f\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u5c11\u6570\u662f\u574f\u86cb\u3002<\/div><div><\/div><div>&nbsp;<\/div><div><\/div><div>\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa&#8220;\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5\u8bba&#8221;\uff1a\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5904\u4e8e\u795e\u79d8\u4e3b\u4e49\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5728\u6e05\u771f\u5bfa\u3001\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u5802\u3001\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u4fe1\u5f92\u4eec\u540c\u4fe1\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002<\/div><div><\/div><div>&nbsp;<\/div><div><\/div><div>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\u662f&#8220;\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7a46\u65af\u6797&#8221;\uff08Modernist Muslim\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bd5\u56fe\u5e73\u8861\u4f20\u7edf\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e3a\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u800c\u81ea\u8c6a\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u9002\u5e94\u73b0\u4ee3\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b&#8220;\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005&#8221;\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u524d\u534a\u53f6\uff0c\u90fd\u9886\u5bfc\u56fd\u5bb6\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u5982\u6469\u6d1b\u54e5\u72ec\u7acb\u540e\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u738b\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u7684\u5efa\u56fd\u8005\u7b49\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u8fd0\u52a8\u90fd\u5931\u8d25\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u65e0\u80fd\u548c\u8150\u8d25\u3002<\/div><div><\/div><div>&nbsp;<\/div><div><\/div><div>\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0&#8220;\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u8fd0\u52a8\u5931\u8d25&#8221;\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u7ecf\u4e66\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff08Literalists\uff09\u4e58\u865a\u800c\u5165\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u7684\u4e3e\u6b62\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u7b26\u5408\u4e03\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5148\u77e5\u7684\u6559\u8bf2\uff1b\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6b63\u53d7\u5230\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u9632\u5fa1\uff1b\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u867d\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u591a\u91c7\u53d6\u66b4\u529b\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u5982\u54c8\u9a6c\u65af\u3001\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5144\u5f1f\u4f1a\u3001\u5854\u5229\u73ed\u7b49\u3002<\/div><div><\/div><div>&nbsp;<\/div><div><\/div><div>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e09\u7c7b\uff08\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5\uff09\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u51b3\u5b9a\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7684\u672a\u6765\u3002<\/div><div><\/div><div>&nbsp;<\/div><div><\/div><div>\u7f8e\u56fd&#8220;\u5df4\u5c14\u7684\u6469\u653f\u7b56\u7814\u7a76\u6240&#8221;\uff08PIPS\uff09\u8d44\u6df1\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u54c8\u7c73\u5fb7\uff08Tawfik Hamid\uff09\u539f\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u6fc0\u8fdb\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u89c9\u9192\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u6539\u9769\u6d3e\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5fc5\u987b\u6e05\u6670\u5206\u5f00&#8220;\u6e29\u548c&#8221;\u4e0e&#8220;\u6fc0\u8fdb&#8221;\u7a46\u65af\u6797\uff0c\u624d\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u652f\u6301\u524d\u8005\uff0c\u51fb\u8d25\u540e\u8005\u3002<\/div><div><\/div><div>&nbsp;<\/div><div><\/div><div>\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u901a\u8fc7\u6e05\u771f\u5bfa\u7684\u8bfb\u7ecf\u3001\u8bb2\u7ecf\u6765\u4f20\u64ad\u4ec7\u6068\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u81ea\u7136\u6ecb\u517b\u51fa\u6050\u6016\u5206\u5b50\u3002\u90a3\u79cd\u7ecf\u4e66\u4f20\u6388\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5141\u8bb8\u6740\u5bb3\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u7684\u4eba\u3001\u6467\u6b8b\u5973\u6027\u548c\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u3001\u53cd\u72b9\u7b49\u3002\u54c8\u7c73\u5fb7\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u8c34\u8d23\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\uff0c\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u8fd8\u5e94\u8be5\u4e00\u81f4\u62d2\u7edd\u90a3\u79cd\u4f20\u64ad\u4ec7\u6068\u7684&#8220;\u8bfb\u7ecf&#8221;\u3001\u5bf9\u300a\u53ef\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u89e3\u91ca&#8212;&#8212;\u8981\u7528\u6b66\u529b\u5f81\u670d\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff08\u5723\u6218\uff09\u3001\u8feb\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u6210\u4e3a\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u662f\u90a3\u79cd\u66b4\u529b\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u5582\u517b\u4e86\u5723\u6218\u4e3b\u4e49\u5206\u5b50\u3002<\/div><div>&nbsp;<\/div><div><\/div><div>\u7531\u4e8e\u54c8\u7c73\u5fb7\u66fe\u662f\u6fc0\u8fdb\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u6709\u7b2c\u4e00\u624b\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u5927\u58f0\u75be\u547c\uff0c\u6e29\u548c\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u4ec5\u4ec5\u8c34\u8d23\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8bda\u5b9e\u5730\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6709\u592a\u591a\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u548c\u5f81\u670d\uff0c\u6e05\u771f\u5bfa\u7684\u7ecf\u4e66\u4f20\u6388\u662f\u6709\u4e25\u91cd\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u53c2\u52a0\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u9898\u76ee\u5c31\u662f&#8220;\u4e0d\u8981\u7f8e\u5316\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u6559\u79d1\u4e66&#8221;\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u53ea\u6709\u6b63\u89c6\u90a3\u4e9b\u5f0a\u7aef\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u89e3\u51b3\u6fc0\u8fdb\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/div><div>&nbsp;<\/div><div><\/div><div>\u56db\u4f4d\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u540d\u5bb6\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728&#8220;\u6e29\u548c&#8221;\u4e0e&#8220;\u6fc0\u8fdb&#8221;\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0a\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5374\u5f02\u53e3\u540c\u58f0\uff0c\u90fd\u8c34\u8d23\u3001\u75db\u65a5\u6781\u7aef\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u548c\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5bf9\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u793e\u4f1a\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u6539\u9769\u613f\u671b\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u7ec8\u7ed3\u4f20\u64ad\u4ec7\u6068\u7684\u6e05\u771f\u5bfa\u7ecf\u4e66\u8bb2\u6388\uff0c\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u94f2\u9664\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u66f4\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u7ed3\u675f\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e13\u5236\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u5bbd\u5bb9\u3001\u591a\u5143\u3001\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u548c\u5e73\u624d\u6709\u4fdd\u969c\u3002<\/div><div><\/div><div>&nbsp;<\/div><div><\/div><div>\u8fd9\u4e9b&#8220;\u6e29\u548c&#8221;\uff08\u66f4\u662f\u7406\u6027\uff09\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u4f20\u9012\u7740\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u793e\u4f1a\u5185\u90e8\u6e34\u671b\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u547c\u5401\uff01\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b&#8220;\u58f0\u97f3&#8221;\u80fd\u5426\u6210\u4e3a\u4e3b\u6d41\u3001\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8206\u8bba\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u662f\u7ed3\u675f\u6bdb\u62c9\u4eec\u7684\u653f\u6559\u5408\u4e00\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u5b9e\u884c\u6c11\u4e3b\u9009\u4e3e\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5baa\u653f\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u5236\u7ea6\u6781\u7aef\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u52bf\u529b\u3002<\/div><div><\/div><div>&nbsp;<\/div><div><\/div><div>\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\u4e0d\u5bb9\u7f6e\u7591\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5728\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5360\u7edd\u5bf9\u591a\u6570\u7684\u571f\u8033\u5176\uff0899%\uff09\u3001\u5370\u5c3c\uff0890%\uff09\u3001\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\uff0861%\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6709\u4e00\u4ebf\u4e8c\u5343\u4e07\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\uff0c\u90fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6837\u677f\u548c\u6839\u636e\u3002\u8ddf\u4e2d\u4e1c\u56fd\u5bb6\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u4f53\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u57fa\u672c\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u6781\u7aef\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u52bf\u529b\u4e5f\u5f97\u5230\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5411\u4e16\u754c\u8f93\u51fa\u5723\u6218\u5206\u5b50\u4eec\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5f52\u6839\u5230\u5e95\uff0c\u662f\u8981\u94f2\u9664\u4e13\u5236\u653f\u6743\uff0c\u80fd\u8ba9\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6e29\u548c\u6d3e\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u53d1\u51fa\u58f0\u97f3\u3001\u4f7f\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b97\u6559\u50cf\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e00\u6837\u5f97\u5230\u91cd\u5927\u6539\u9769\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4eca\u540e\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u4eba\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u4e2a\u79cd\u65cf\u3001\u5404\u79cd\u5b97\u6559\u5f92\u548c\u5e73\u76f8\u5904\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u9053\u8def\u3002<\/div><div><\/div><div>&nbsp;<\/div><div><\/div><div>2015\u5e7411\u670817\u65e5<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5df4\u9ece\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u53d1\u751f\u540e\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u95ee\u9898\u518d\u5ea6\u5f15\u8d77\u5168\u7403\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u7f8e\u56fd911\u906d\u6050\u6016\u88ad\u51fb\u540e\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u4e3b\u4e49\u5c31\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u5b66\u754c\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u666e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-51256","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-thought","et-doesnt-have-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51256","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=51256"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51256\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=51256"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=51256"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=51256"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}