{"id":5348,"date":"2008-07-12T08:43:10","date_gmt":"2008-07-12T08:43:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:10081\/?p=5348 "},"modified":"2008-07-12T08:43:10","modified_gmt":"2008-07-12T08:43:10","slug":"5348-revision-v1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/?p=5348","title":{"rendered":"\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u53ca\u5176\u7406\u8bba\u7f3a\u9677"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5f20\u7b49\u6587\/\u8bd1
<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

\u7f8e\u520a\u300a\u81ea\u7531\u4eba\u300b2008\u5e745\u6708\u53f7\u520a\u767b\u4e86\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u535a\u74e6\u5fb7\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u53ca\u5176\u7406\u8bba\u7f3a\u9677\u300b\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u8be5\u6587\u8bc4\u8ff0\u4e86\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u7406\u8bba\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u53d1\u5c55\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u516c\u5171\u7406\u6027\u4e0e\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8d28\u7591\u4e86\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u5584\u610f\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u6279\u5224\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7f3a\u9677\u53ca\u5176\u53d1\u5c55\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

         <\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
        \u4e00\u4e2a\u5e7d\u7075\u2014\u2014\u975e\u6cd5\u6027\u7684\u5e7d\u7075\u6b63\u56f0\u6270\u7740\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u548c\u653f\u5ba2\u4eec\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u4eec\u62c5\u5fc3\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u5c06\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u662f\u865a\u5047\u7684\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u6295\u7968\u7bb1\u524d\u8fdb\u884c\u7740\u4e0d\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u201c\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u201d\u8fd9\u79cd\u60ef\u7528\u8bed\u73b0\u5728\u4ec5\u4ec5\u610f\u5473\u7740\u201c\u6709\u5f85\u5151\u73b0\u7684\u652f\u7968\u201d\u3002\u5728\u5f00\u56fd\u8005\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u7cbe\u7b80\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd170\u5e74\u6765\u653f\u5e9c\u5374\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u590d\u6742\u3001\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\uff0c\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u96be\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u5229\u7ef4\u5766\u5f0f\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\uff08Leviathan Democracy\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5171\u548c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u3002\u867d\u7136\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4ecd\u7136\u5177\u6709\u4f20\u7edf\u5171\u548c\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u4f53\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u7279\u5f81\u2014\u2014\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u3001\u9009\u4e3e\u3001\u56fd\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u4ee5\u53ca\u7a7f\u7740\u9ed1\u9ed1\u7684\u957f\u888d\u7684\u6cd5\u5b98\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u865a\u5047\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u53ea\u80fd\u7ed9\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u5b98\u50da\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5341\u5b57\u8def\u53e3\u4e0a\u56f0\u60d1\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u63d0\u4f9b\u6781\u5c11\u7684\u5b89\u6170\u3002<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
         <\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
        \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u9057\u61be\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u516c\u6c11\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u538b\u5236\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u591a\u6570\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8bae\u5458\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u53c2\u8bae\u5458\u548c\u4f17\u8bae\u9662\u8bae\u5458\u7684\u4efb\u671f\u4ee5\u53ca\u300a\u6743\u5229\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u65e8\u5728\u4fdd\u62a4\u4ec0\u4e48\u30022002\u5e74\u56fd\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u540e\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u8c03\u67e5\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u4ec5\u6709\u5c11\u4e8e\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\u201c\u5171\u548c\u515a\u5728\u9009\u4e3e\u524d\u63a7\u5236\u7740\u4f17\u8bae\u9662\u201d\uff0c\u8fd1\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e8c\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u53eb\u4e0d\u51fa\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e60\uff05\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u53eb\u4e0d\u51fa\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5185\u9601\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u9009\u4e3e\u4eba\u5e76\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u5728\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u5728\u589e\u52a0\u65b0\u7684\u7a0e\u6b3e\u6216\u7f5a\u6b3e\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u7528\u5ba3\u79f0\u4ed6\u4eec\u9075\u5faa\u4e86\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u3002\u56e0\u800c\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\uff0c\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u65e7\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5265\u524a\u548c\u538b\u8feb\u3002\u81f3\u5c11\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u8ba4\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd8\u6709\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u4e8b\u6001\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u6709\u70b9\u4e0d\u5408\u9002\u5b9c\u3002<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
         <\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
        \u6c11\u610f\u6d4b\u9a8c\u663e\u793a\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u800c\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u80fd\u591f\u8d4b\u4e88\u5229\u7ef4\u5766\u5f0f\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u7684\u201c\u5723\u676f\u201d\u2014\u2014\u201c\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u201d\uff08Deliberative Democracy\uff09\u3002\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u662f\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u5bf9\u6c11\u4e3b\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
         <\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
\u4e00 \u516c\u5171\u7406\u6027\u4e0e\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b<\/FONT><\/B><\/DIV>\r\n
<\/FONT><\/B> <\/DIV>\r\n
        \u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4eba\u5bf9\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u6709\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u7684\u601d\u8def\u2014\u2014\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u805a\u96c6\u8d77\u6765\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u53c2\u653f\u8bae\u653f\u3002\u4e0d\u59a8\u5047\u8bbe\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u516c\u6c11\u90fd\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u516c\u5171\u7406\u6027\u201d\uff08public reason\uff09\u5ba1\u8bae\u6216\u534f\u5546\u5f53\u4eca\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u5c06\u80fd\u591f\u83b7\u5f97\u65b0\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u534e\u76db\u987f\u4e5f\u5c06\u80fd\u91cd\u65b0\u5f97\u5230\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u3002<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
         <\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
        \u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u53d7\u5230\u540d\u6821\u6559\u6388\u548c\u793e\u8bba\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u6b22\u8fce\u3002\u53c2\u8bae\u5458\u5df4\u62c9\u514b\u00b7\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\uff08Barack Obama\uff09\u2014\u2014\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u63d0\u540d\u7684\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a\u8ffd\u6c42\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u8fdc\u89c1\u5353\u8bc6\u8005\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u7545\u9500\u4e66\u300a\u65e0\u754f\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u300b\u4e2d\u516c\u5f00\u5ba3\u79f0\uff0c\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u201c\u8be6\u5c3d\u9610\u8ff0\u7684\u673a\u5236\u2014\u2014\u6743\u529b\u5206\u7acb\u4e0e\u5236\u8861\u3001\u8054\u90a6\u4e3b\u4e49\u539f\u5219\u4ee5\u53ca\u6743\u5229\u6cd5\u6848\u2014\u2014\u90fd\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u628a\u6211\u4eec\u5e26\u8fdb\u4e00\u573a\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5373\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e2d\u6765\uff0c\u800c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u53c2\u52a0\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1b\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d4b\u9a8c\u4e00\u4e0b\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u5916\u90e8\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u770b\u6cd5\u3001\u8bf4\u670d\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5e76\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u79cd\u504f\u597d\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u673a\u5236\u201d\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\u662f\u534e\u800c\u4e0d\u5b9e\u7684\uff0c\u8986\u76d6\u4e86\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u51fa\u73b0\u65f6\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u60c5\u666f\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\u4e5f\u5f88\u5c11\u751a\u81f3\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u53ca\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u516c\u6c11\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u68c0\u9a8c\u81ea\u5df1\u5bf9\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u90fd\u4e0d\u518d\u547c\u53eb\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbf\u8c08\u8282\u76ee\u6216\u5728\u7535\u8bdd\u4e2d\u5927\u58f0\u558a\u53eb\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8bf4\u670d\u522b\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
         <\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
        \u827e\u7c73\u00b7\u53e4\u7279\u66fc\u548c\u4e39\u5c3c\u65af\u00b7\u6c64\u666e\u68ee\uff08Amy Gutmann and Dennis Thompson\uff09\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec1996\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e0e\u5206\u6b67\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u5ba3\u79f0\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5e94\u8be5\u7531\u5bf9\u8bf8\u5982\u4ee5\u4e0b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5d07\u9ad8\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u6784\u6210\uff1a\u5815\u80ce\u662f\u5426\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u3001\u662f\u5426\u5e94\u8be5\u63d0\u4f9b\u798f\u5229\u3001\u662f\u5426\u5e94\u8be5\u5f3a\u884c\u5236\u5b9a\u79cd\u65cf\u96c7\u4f63\u914d\u989d\u3002\u636e\u53e4\u7279\u66fc\u548c\u6c64\u666e\u68ee\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u201c\u5728\u5f53\u4eca\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6311\u6218\u4e2d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6bd4\u9053\u5fb7\u5206\u6b67\u66f4\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u4e86\u201d\u3002\u5bf9\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u5021\u5bfc\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u5a5a\u59fb\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u6700\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8ba8\u8bba\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u4e00\u5207\uff1b\u201c\u534f\u5546\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u8fbe\u5230\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u51b3\u5b9a\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u9053\u4e49\u4e0a\u5fc5\u987b\u91c7\u53d6\u4f55\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u8ffd\u6c42\u6211\u4eec\u5171\u540c\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u201d\u3002\u53e4\u7279\u66fc\uff08\u73b0\u4efb\u5bbe\u5915\u6cd5\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6821\u957f\uff09\u57281993\u5e74\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u4f7f\u7531\u534f\u5546\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u51b3\u7b56\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u201d\u3002\u53e4\u7279\u66fc\u548c\u6c64\u666e\u68ee\u8fd8\u63d0\u51fa\u516c\u6c11\u5e94\u8be5\u540c\u610f\u9075\u5faa\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u534f\u5546\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u5c06\u80fd\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5bf9\u516c\u5171\u8bba\u575b\u4e2d\u7684\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u662f\u975e\u66f2\u76f4\u95ee\u9898\u5c55\u5f00\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fbe\u5230\u6682\u65f6\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u4e00\u81f4\u548c\u4fdd\u6301\u76f8\u4e92\u5c0a\u91cd\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u201d\u3002<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
         <\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
        \u201c\u516c\u5171\u7406\u6027\u201d\u662f\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u4f46\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u516c\u5171\u7406\u6027\u5462\uff1f\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u8bf4\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4e00\u3002\u7ef4\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6559\u6388\u8fc8\u514b\u00b7\u65bd\u74e6\u5179\u66fc\uff08Micah Schwartzman\uff09\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u516c\u5171\u7406\u6027\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u300b\u4e2d\u63ed\u793a\uff0c\u201c\u516c\u5171\u7406\u6027\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u60f3\u8981\u7ed3\u675f\u5408\u7406\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u5206\u6b67\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5173\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u539f\u5219\u7684\u5408\u9002\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\u5185\u6216\u8bb8\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5206\u6b67\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5206\u6b67\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u201c\u516c\u5171\u7406\u6027\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u6bd4\u5b83\u7684\u975e\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u66f4\u5c11\u6709\u5171\u540c\u70b9\u2026\u800c\u4e14\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u7b56\u7565\u4e5f\u8bb8\u80fd\u4f7f\u516c\u6c11\u5e94\u4ed8\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u201d\u3002\u5f17\u96f7\u5fb7\u00b7\u8914\u52b3\u8c6a\u514b\uff08Fred Frohock\uff09\u6559\u6388\u2014\u2014\u300a\u516c\u5171\u7406\u6027\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4ef2\u88c1\u8005\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u5bf9\u516c\u5171\u7406\u6027\u63d0\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f3a\u8c03\u201c\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e3b\u9898\u548c\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u6240\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\u975e\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u5bf9\u8bdd\u2026\u81ea\u6211\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u80fd\u628a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5168\u4f53\u4eba\u4eec\u7edf\u4e00\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u8303\u53ea\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u7406\u6027\u7684\u4ef2\u88c1\u8bdd\u8bed\u548c\u4ef2\u88c1\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u6d89\u53ca\u666e\u904d\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u5171\u548c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4f7f\u547d\u611f\u4e2d\u2026\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u52aa\u529b\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u5957\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u4e2a\u4f53\u548c\u7fa4\u4f53\u5206\u6b67\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5e76\u52aa\u529b\u521b\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u826f\u6027\u800c\u975e\u6076\u6027\u7684\u6743\u529b\u8054\u76df\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u201d\u3002\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u6770\u6590\u900a\uff08Thomas Jefferson\uff09\u544a\u8beb\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u6743\u529b\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f8\u4fe1\u4eba\u6027\uff0c\u8981\u7528\u5baa\u6cd5\u6765\u7ea6\u675f\u638c\u63e1\u6743\u529b\u7684\u4eba\u4e0d\u7528\u6743\u529b\u505a\u574f\u4e8b\u201d\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u793c\u4eea\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u5bf9\u9189\u9152\u7684\u7403\u8ff7\u6709\u9053\u5fb7\u7ea6\u675f\u4f5c\u7528\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5baa\u6cd5\u5bf9\u653f\u5ba2\u4eec\u4e5f\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5236\u7ea6\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u5c06\u7528\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ee3\u66ff\u5baa\u6cd5\u5462\uff1f\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u201c\u4e00\u5957\u7a0b\u5e8f\u201d\u7684\u201c\u9b54\u529b\u201d\u3002\u96be\u9053\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u201c\u9b54\u529b\u201d\u89c4\u5219\u6240\u8d77\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5c06\u4f1a\u50cf\u5728\u5229\u7ef4\u5766\u5f0f\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u540e\u9762\u6325\u52a8\u9b54\u6756\u4e00\u6837\u5417\uff1f<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
         <\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
        \u201c\u516c\u5171\u7406\u6027\u201d\u5b66\u8bf4\u7ed9\u6559\u6388\u4eec\u4e0d\u8ba4\u53ef\u666e\u901a\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u5e76\u6307\u8d23\u4ed6\u4eec\u201c\u4e0d\u7406\u6027\u201d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u501f\u53e3\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u516c\u6c11\u5bf9\u653f\u6cbb\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7406\u6027\u601d\u8003\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6559\u6388\u4eec\u660e\u667a\u601d\u8003\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u4e0e\u6613\u61c2\u7684\u300a\u8054\u90a6\u515a\u4eba\u6587\u96c6\u300b\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u548c\u6587\u7ae0\u8bfb\u8d77\u6765\u5c31\u50cf\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u7ecf\u9662\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u5c0f\u518c\u5b50\u4e00\u6837\u6666\u6da9\u96be\u61c2\u3002\u6559\u6388\u4eec\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6216\u8bb8\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u540c\u6559\u52a1\u4eba\u5458\u4e89\u8bba\u5728\u65b0\u6821\u533a\u7684\u529e\u516c\u697c\u4e0a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7537\u5973\u536b\u751f\u95f4\u7684\u5751\u4f4d\u7684\u6bd4\u7387\u4e00\u7c7b\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u80fd\u671f\u671b\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6559\u6388\u8eab\u4e0a\u5f97\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u5177\u6709\u6df1\u8fdc\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u5462\uff1f<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
         <\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
\u4e8c \u5584\u610f\u5047\u8bbe\u4e0e\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b<\/FONT><\/B><\/DIV>\r\n
<\/FONT><\/B> <\/DIV>\r\n
        \u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u5021\u5bfc\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u534f\u5546\u4e2d\u8981\u6709\u5584\u610f\u548c\u826f\u597d\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u3002\u9996\u5148\u4eba\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5047\u8bbe\u653f\u5ba2\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u8bda\u5b9e\u548c\u4ec1\u6148\u7684\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u63a2\u8ba8\u653f\u5ba2\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u63a5\u53d7\u591a\u5c11\u989d\u5916\u7684\u6743\u529b\u4ee5\u6539\u5584\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u653f\u5ba2\u7684\u8a00\u884c\u662f\u5584\u610f\u7684\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5047\u8bbe\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u516c\u6c11\u5f88\u5c11\u6216\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u5371\u9669\u3002\u800c\u5f00\u56fd\u5143\u52cb\u4eec\u4f1a\u5632\u7b11\u8fd9\u79cd\u8352\u8c2c\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u30021820\u5e74\uff0c\u6770\u6590\u900a\u8bf4\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u89ca\u89ce\u5b98\u804c\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e5f\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u8150\u8d25\u201d\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u5bb6\u51e0\u4e4e\u603b\u662f\u4f4e\u4f30\u4e86\u653f\u5ba2\u4eec\u7684\u4e0d\u8bda\u5b9e\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u76f2\u70b9\u548c\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u653f\u5ba2\u4eec\u4fdd\u6301\u7684\u793c\u8282\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u60f3\u9690\u85cf\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5c31\u8d8a\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u5021\u5bfc\u8005\u5ba3\u79f0\u516c\u6c11\u8ba8\u8bba\u5c06\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u81ea\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u601d\u8003\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u5c31\u4f1a\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6559\u6388\u6216\u5176\u52a9\u6559\u4eec\u90fd\u5728\u7b49\u7740\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u548c\u793c\u8282\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\u6216\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u6279\u5224\u3002\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u90a3\u513f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u53bb\u201d\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u516c\u6c11\u5bf9\u653f\u5e9c\u6ee5\u7528\u804c\u6743\u7684\u62b1\u6028\u3002<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
         <\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
        \u5982\u4f55\u5728\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u9002\u5f53\u5730\u8ba8\u8bba\u50cf\u201c\u97e6\u79d1\u4e8b\u4ef6\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\u5462\uff1f\u201c\u5047\u8bbe\u53f8\u6cd5\u957f\u5b98\u90fd\u7231\u62a4\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u2026\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u5047\u8bbe\u8054\u90a6\u8c03\u67e5\u5c40\u7684\u63a2\u5458\u90fd\u662f\u8425\u6551\u4eba\u8d28\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u2026\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u5047\u8bbe\u67aa\u652f\u90fd\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5371\u9669\u7684\u2026\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u5f53\u4eba\u4eec\u4e0d\u670d\u4ece\u653f\u5e9c\u6216\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u6740\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u5438\u53d6\u4ec0\u4e48\u6559\u8bad\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u5e94\u5bf9\u90aa\u6559\u5f92\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\uff1f\u201d \u3002\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u5c31\u662f\u589e\u52a0\u8054\u90a6\u8c03\u67e5\u5c40\u7684\u9884\u7b97\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u56fd\u4f1a\u57281993\u5e744\u6708\u7684\u52a8\u4e71\u540e\u6240\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u653f\u6cbb\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u201c\u516c\u5171\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u201d\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u6279\u8bc4\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u97e6\u79d1\u5e02\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u6297\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u4e0d\u6c11\u4e3b\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
         <\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
        \u4e00\u573a\u5408\u4e4e\u7406\u6027\u7684\u534f\u5546\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u7a0e\u5c40\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u662f\u5426\u50cf\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u6240\u6bd4\u65b9\u7684\u5f81\u7a0e\u5c31\u662f\u76d7\u7a83\u5462\uff1f\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e2\u4f53\u9886\u8896\u5c06\u4f1a\u5f15\u5bfc\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba8\u8bba\u56fd\u5185\u7a0e\u6cd5\u6539\u9769\u600e\u6837\u624d\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u8d2b\u5bcc\u5dee\u8ddd\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\u56fd\u5bb6\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u65e9\u5df2\u6279\u51c6\u4e86\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u4fdd\u9669\u5230\u519c\u4e1a\u8865\u8d34\u518d\u5230\u7a0e\u6536\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4e00\u76f4\u4e00\u6b21\u53c8\u4e00\u6b21\u5730\u6545\u610f\u8bef\u5bfc\u4eba\u4eec\u3002\u4e54\u6cbb・\u534e\u76db\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u7cfb\u6559\u6388\u5229\u5965\u00b7\u91cc\u5df4\u4f5b\uff08Leo Ribuffo\uff09\u57281998\u5e74\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u603b\u7edf\u5728\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u4e0a\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\u8c0e\u592a\u591a\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u4ed6\u4eec\u51e0\u4e4e\u521b\u7acb\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u7684\u6743\u5229\u201d\u3002\u4ee4\u4eba\u9057\u61be\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u767d\u5bab\u5f88\u5c11\u7406\u4f1a\u65b0\u95fb\u8bb0\u8005\u56e2\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4e0d\u8bda\u5b9e\u4e5f\u6f20\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u600e\u4e48\u534f\u5546\u4e5f\u4ee3\u66ff\u4e0d\u4e86\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4eba\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u653f\u5e9c\u6216\u653f\u5ba2\u4eec\u5728\u8bf4\u8c0e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u201c\u534f\u5546\u201d\u53ea\u4f1a\u8ba9\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u4e32\u901a\u4e00\u6c14\u3001\u80e1\u4f5c\u975e\u4e3a\u3002\u201c\u5584\u610f\u201d\u5047\u8bbe\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u5355\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u613f\u671b\u3002\u96be\u9053\u653f\u5ba2\u4eec\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u516c\u6c11\u5f00\u59cb\u534f\u5546\u800c\u7a81\u7136\u505c\u6b62\u6492\u8c0e\u5417\uff1f<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
         <\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
        \u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u8fdd\u53cd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u5c06\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u975e\u7406\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u3002\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6559\u6388\u5f7c\u7279\u00b7\u4f2f\u514b\u7ef4\u8328\uff08Peter Berkowitz\uff09\u8bc4\u8bba\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u7531\u4e8e\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u4f1a\u4f7f\u6743\u529b\u4ece\u4eba\u6c11\u624b\u4e2d\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u6700\u597d\u7684\u534f\u5546\u8005\u624b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u2026\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u8d35\u65cf\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6743\u529b\u53ef\u80fd\u6d41\u5411\u7267\u5e08\u3001\u8463\u4e8b\u3001\u6559\u6388\u548c\u5b66\u8005\u4ee5\u53ca\u6240\u6709\u80fd\u7528\u9ad8\u8d85\u7684\u534f\u5546\u827a\u672f\u8bf4\u670d\u522b\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\u81ea\u5df1\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u624b\u4e2d\u201d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5173\u6ce8\u516c\u6c11\u534f\u5546\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f88\u5c11\u6216\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u5e72\u9884\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53eb\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u5021\u5bfc\u8005\u89e3\u91ca\u68c9\u82b1\u8865\u8d34\u8ba1\u5212\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u5b9e\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7ed3\u679c\u5fc5\u5c06\u662f\u5c34\u5c2c\u7684\u6c89\u9ed8\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53eb\u4ed6\u4eec\u89e3\u91ca\u5c0f\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u628a\u4e3b\u8981\u7cbe\u529b\u653e\u5728\u540c\u5978\u5546\u4eec\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6216\u8bb8\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e00\u5e74\u7ea7\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u5728\u7247\u523b\u4e4b\u5185\u5c31\u80fd\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u5f53\u7814\u7a76\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bc1\u660e\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\u5df2\u52a9\u957f\u4e86\u8150\u8d25\u548c\u538b\u8feb\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u518d\u53eb\u4ed6\u4eec\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u8fd8\u7ee7\u7eed\u63d0\u4f9b\u5916\u63f4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u773c\u795e\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u53d8\u5f97\u8fdf\u949d\u2014\u2014\u76f4\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u8bf4\u51fa\u8bf8\u5982\u4eba\u7c7b\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u76f8\u4e92\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u9648\u8154\u8001\u8c03\u65f6\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
         <\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
        \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4e13\u5bb6\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u7cbe\u901a\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u2014\u2014\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5c31\u50cf\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u5492\u8bed\u4e00\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u653f\u6cbb\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3002\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u7eb7\u7eb7\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u70ed\u70b9\u672f\u8bed\u3002\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u591a\u6570\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u672f\u8bed\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u5173\u6ce8\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5f88\u591a\u671f\u520a\u8bba\u6587\u548c\u8457\u4f5c\u90fd\u4e89\u5148\u6050\u540e\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u672f\u8bed\u548c\u53e3\u53f7\u2014\u2014\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5438\u53d6\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u673a\u6784\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u534f\u4f1a\u57282005\u5e74\u53ec\u5f00\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\u5c31\u662f\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u201c\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u201d\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u201c\u79fb\u60c5\u5728\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e2d\u4f5c\u7528\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u534f\u5546\uff1f\u5173\u4e8e\u805a\u5408\u5f0f\u6c11\u4e3b\u548c\u6548\u7387\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u8c2c\u8bba\u201d\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u201d\u3002\u6807\u699c\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e5f\u50cf\u6742\u8349\u4e00\u6837\u5feb\u901f\u8513\u5ef6\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u79d1\u7f57\u62c9\u591a\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u516c\u5171\u534f\u5546\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u5361\u5185\u57fa-\u6885\u9686\u5927\u5b66\u5728\u5bbe\u5915\u6cd5\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5dde\u7684\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u5bf9\u8bdd\u548c\u534f\u5546\u7684\u5168\u56fd\u8054\u76df\u4ee5\u53caRes Publica\uff08\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u5171\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u2014\u2014\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u4fc3\u8fdb\u826f\u597d\u6cbb\u7406\u3001\u516c\u6c11\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u2014\u2014\u7684\u5171\u540c\u4f53\uff09\u3002\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u4e5f\u5f15\u53d1\u4e00\u4e9b\u6d3e\u751f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u2014\u2014\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u201c\u8bdd\u8bed\u6c11\u4e3b\u201d\u3001\u201c\u51b3\u7b56\u6c11\u4e3b\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u5ba1\u8bae\u6c11\u4e3b\u201d\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
         <\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
\u4e09 \u82f1\u56fd\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b<\/FONT><\/B><\/DIV>\r\n
<\/FONT><\/B> <\/DIV>\r\n
        \u82f1\u56fd\u5728\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u9053\u8def\u4e0a\u6bd4\u7f8e\u56fd\u8d70\u7684\u66f4\u8fdc\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u82f1\u56fd\u6ca1\u6709\u5baa\u6cd5\u6216\u6743\u529b\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u60f3\u8ba9\u4eba\u4eec\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u505a\u51b3\u7b56\u2014\u2014\u81f3\u5c11\u80fd\u6ee1\u610f\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6240\u4f5c\u6240\u4e3a\u3002\u5916\u4ea4\u5927\u81e3\u6770\u514b\u00b7\u65af\u7279\u52b3\uff08Jack Straw\uff09\u5439\u5618\u5230\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u7387\u5148\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u5185\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u8feb\u5207\u9700\u8981\u201d\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u201c\u63d0\u9ad8\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u4f7f\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u66f4\u65b9\u4fbf\u201d\uff08\u91d1\u878d\u65f6\u62a5\u7684\u62a5\u9053\uff09\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u4e00\u6708\u4efd\u5ba3\u5e03\u4e86\u5141\u8bb8\u5176\u673a\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u6613\u6539\u53d8\u516c\u6c11\u79c1\u5bc6\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f15\u8d77\u5f88\u591a\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u9996\u76f8\u6258\u5c3c\u00b7\u5e03\u83b1\u5c14\uff08Tony Blair\uff09\u56de\u5e94\u4e86\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u4ed6\u5ba3\u5e03\u6210\u7acb\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u8bae\u4e8b\u5c0f\u7ec4\u201d\uff0c\u4e13\u95e8\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u91d1\u878d\u65f6\u62a5\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u653f\u5e9c\u5e0c\u671b\u516c\u6c11\u8bba\u575b\u5c06\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u5e38\u8bc6\u6027\u7684\u6570\u636e\u2014\u2014\u5206\u914d\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u62c5\u5fc3\u516c\u6c11\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u83b7\u5f97\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u201d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8c01\u5c06\u63a7\u5236\u516c\u6c11\u8bba\u575b\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8ba1\u5212\u5462\uff1f\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u505a\u8fd9\u9879\u8c03\u67e5\u548c\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u51e0\u4e4e\u60f3\u76d1\u542c\u8c01\u5c31\u76d1\u542c\u8c01\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u7528\u300a\u5b98\u65b9\u673a\u5bc6\u6cd5\u300b\u6765\u9650\u5236\u516c\u6c11\u4e86\u89e3\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u6570\u540d\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u5458\u5df2\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u88ab\u8d77\u8bc9\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u63ed\u9732\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u6218\u4e89\u4e0a\u7684\u8c0e\u8a00\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u5e03\u4ec0\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8f70\u70b8\u603b\u90e8\u8bbe\u5728\u591a\u54c8\u7684\u534a\u5c9b\u7535\u89c6\u53f0\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u7a83\u542c\u8bae\u4e8b\u5c0f\u7ec4\u7684\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u67e5\u51fa\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u8c01\u5728\u5b58\u50a8\u7528\u6765\u63ed\u9732\u653f\u5e9c\u8c0e\u8a00\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u3002<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
         <\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
        \u6709\u7684\u5021\u5bfc\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u5d07\u9ad8\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u534f\u5546\u662f\u4e07\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5982\u6b64\u53ef\u803b\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u4eba\u4eec\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5173\u6ce8\u534f\u5546\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e5f\u6709\u6d88\u6781\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u201c\u76f8\u4e92\u5c0a\u91cd\u201d\u662f\u6559\u6388\u4eec\u5bf9\u516c\u6c11\u5728\u534f\u5546\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5bf9\u653f\u5ba2\u4eec\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u6c42\u5462\uff1f\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u515a\u90fd\u7406\u76f4\u6c14\u58ee\u5730\u8c34\u8d23\u5176\u4ed6\u653f\u515a\u4e25\u91cd\u6ee5\u7528\u4e86\u516c\u5e73\u7ade\u4e89\u89c4\u5219\u30022005\u5e74\uff0c\u4f17\u8bae\u9662\u89c4\u5219\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u8bae\u5458\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u5176\u6807\u9898\u662f\u201c\u80cc\u5f03\u7684\u8bfa\u8a00\uff1a\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6307\u8d23\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5171\u548c\u515a\u4eba\u70ae\u5236\u4e86\u201c\u4e25\u91cd\u9650\u5236\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u5b8c\u5168\u963b\u585e\u4e86\u5c11\u6570\u4eba\u8fa9\u8bba\u548c\u4fee\u8ba2\u201d\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u62a5\u544a\u8fd8\u6307\u8d23\u5171\u548c\u515a\u7684\u9886\u8896\u201c\u627c\u6740\u534f\u5546\u548c\u64a4\u9500\u5f02\u8bae\u201d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5c11\u6570\u6d3e\u7684\u9886\u8896\u5357\u5e0c\u00b7\u4f69\u6d1b\u897f\uff08Nancy Pelosi\uff09\u5ba3\u79f0\uff1a\u201c\u4f17\u8bae\u9662\u4e2d\u5171\u548c\u515a\u7684\u9886\u8896\u4eec\u6b63\u5728\u7d27\u9523\u5bc6\u9f13\u5730\u7834\u574f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u201d\u3002<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
         <\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
        \u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u4eba\u4e5f\u8df5\u8e0f\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u795e\u5723\u571f\u5730\u3002\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u4f17\u8bae\u9662\u7684\u5171\u548c\u515a\u8bae\u5458\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u6307\u63a7\u591a\u6570\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u4eba\u540c\u6837\u7684\u7f6a\u884c\u3002\u5171\u548c\u515a\u4eba\u6770\u62c9\u5c14\u5fb7\u00b7\u6240\u7f57\u95e8\uff08Gerald Solomon\uff09\u5ba3\u79f0\uff0c\u201c\u5171\u548c\u515a\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u7279\u522b\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ec4\u4eca\u5929\u5728\u4f17\u8bae\u9662\u5411\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u63ed\u9732\u4e00\u4e2a\u79d8\u5bc6\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f2.48\u4ebf\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u5265\u593a\u4e86\u5145\u5206\u53c2\u4e0e\u4f17\u8bae\u9662\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u6743\u5229\u201d\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5171\u548c\u515a\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u7684\u6743\u529b\u53d7\u5230\u963b\u788d\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u6240\u7f57\u95e8\u4e49\u6124\u586b\u81ba\u7684\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u4efd\u62a5\u544a\u91cc\u60f3\u8bf4\u7684\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u5931\u53bb\u534f\u5546\u7684\u8d44\u683c\uff0c\u5931\u53bb\u5145\u5206\u7684\u77e5\u60c5\u6743\uff0c\u5931\u53bb\u5145\u5206\u7684\u8fa9\u8bba\u548c\u4fee\u6b63\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u6743\u5229\u65f6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5c31\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5baa\u653f\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u672c\u8d28\u548c\u7cbe\u534e\u201d\u3002<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
         <\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
        1993\u5e74\u5c11\u6570\u5171\u548c\u515a\u4eba\u548c2005\u5e74\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u7684\u6028\u8a00\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5171\u548c\u515a\u4eba\u5982\u6b64\u4e4b\u5feb\u7684\u6a21\u4eff\u4ed6\u4eec\u524d\u8f88\u7684\u964b\u4e60\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u5374\u63d0\u9192\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u653f\u5ba2\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u8511\u89c6\u4ec0\u4e48\u5c31\u8511\u89c6\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u5728\u542c\u8bc1\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u8511\u89c6\u73b0\u573a\u79e9\u5e8f\u53d7\u5230\u966a\u5ba1\u5458\u7684\u5224\u7f5a\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u5e76\u4e0d\u53c2\u52a0\u542c\u8bc1\u4f1a\uff0c\u800c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5076\u5c14\u51fa\u5e2d\u542c\u8bc1\u4f1a\u7684\u8bae\u5458\u5374\u50cf\u516c\u5171\u6c7d\u8f66\u7ad9\u4e2d\u8fdb\u51fa\u5395\u6240\u7684\u4e58\u5ba2\u4e00\u6837\u4e0d\u505c\u5730\u51fa\u5165\u542c\u8bc1\u4f1a\u573a\u3002\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u542c\u8bc1\u4f1a\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u4f17\u8bae\u9662\u7684\u542c\u8bc1\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u8bae\u5458\u53ea\u662f\u7b28\u62d9\u5730\u5ba3\u8bfb\u7531\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u52a9\u624b\u5199\u51fa\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u56e0\u800c\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u8651\u7684\u3001\u8d2f\u7a7f\u59cb\u7ec8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u50cf\u8054\u90a6\u673a\u6784\u8981\u6c42\u524a\u51cf\u9884\u7b97\u4e00\u6837\u7f55\u89c1\u3002<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
         <\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
        \u4e0e\u8bae\u5458\u5e2d\u4e0a\u7684\u8fa9\u8bba\u6bd4\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u542c\u8bc1\u4f1a\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u662f\u6709\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5bf9\u8bdd\u3002\u5728\u8bae\u5458\u5e2d\u4e0a\u7684\u8fa9\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u5168\u56fd\u5404\u5730\u7684\u8bae\u5458\u8f6e\u6d41\u53d1\u8a00\uff0c\u7ed3\u7ed3\u5df4\u5df4\u5730\u8bfb\u5b8c\u7531\u5176\u5e55\u50da\u4eec\u5199\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\u7a3f\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u56de\u5e94\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f7c\u6b64\u65e0\u4f11\u6b62\u5730\u91cd\u590d\u7740\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u7559\u610f\u8bae\u5458\u5e2d\u4e0a\u7684\u8fa9\u8bba\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ea\u987e\u7740\u51c6\u5907\u5c5e\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e94\u5206\u949f\u6f14\u8bb2\u3002\u56e0\u800c\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ce8\u610f\u8bae\u5458\u5e2d\u4e0a\u7684\u8fa9\u8bba\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u5370\u8c61\uff1a\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u7f3a\u5931\u75c7\u5728\u534e\u76db\u987f\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u666e\u904d\u548c\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u3002<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
         <\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
\u56db \u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7f3a\u9677<\/FONT><\/B><\/DIV>\r\n
<\/FONT><\/B> <\/DIV>\r\n
        \u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u7ed9\u516c\u6c11\u652f\u914d\u56fd\u5bb6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u66f4\u50cf\u662f\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u7528\u6765\u5f00\u73a9\u5177\u8f66\u7684\u4eea\u8868\u677f\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u653f\u5e9c\u53ea\u662f\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4e66\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e5f\u8bb8\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u653f\u6cbb\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u516c\u4f17\u96c6\u4f1a\u4e0a\u6cc4\u6c14\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u53ea\u662f\u5bf9\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u653f\u7b56\u9020\u6210\u7684\u707e\u96be\u7684\u5fae\u4e0d\u8db3\u9053\u7684\u6170\u85c9\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7ba1\u5236\u516c\u6c11\u6216\u652f\u914d\u5176\u8d22\u4ea7\uff1a\u642d\u8bdd\u3001\u7981\u6b62\u3001\u5904\u7f5a\u3001\u7a0e\u6536\u3001\u6263\u62bc\u3001\u963b\u6b62\u3001\u6263\u7559\u3001\u4f20\u547c\u3001\u6ca1\u6536\u3001\u641c\u67e5\u3001\u8d77\u8bc9\u3001\u7f5a\u6b3e\u3001\u67e5\u8d26\u3001\u5ba1\u95ee\u3001\u5f81\u8d39\u3001\u7a83\u542c\u3001\u5236\u88c1\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ea\u6709\u6781\u5c11\u6570\u7684\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u5021\u5bfc\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u2014\u2014\u6b63\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u8fdd\u89c4\u5a01\u80c1\u5230\u65e0\u8f9c\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u751f\u547d\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u6c7d\u8f66\u8d85\u901f\u76d1\u89c6\u533a\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u5e26\u68c0\u67e5\u7ad9\u5230\u4f2a\u9020\u7684\u8650\u5f85\u513f\u7ae5\u95ee\u9898\u8c03\u67e5\u518d\u5230\u6bcf\u5e74\u902e\u6355\u8fd1\u767e\u4e07\u7684\u5438\u6bd2\u8005\u3002<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
         <\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
        \u6307\u671b\u8ba8\u8bba\u5c31\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u4eba\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u8352\u8c2c\u7684\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u6743\u529b\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u65bd\u5bb3\u8005\u548c\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u534f\u5546\u7684\u6210\u679c\u5c31\u8d8a\u5c11\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u5021\u5bfc\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u653f\u5e9c\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u65e0\u79c1\u7684\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5728\u8bad\u7ec3\u7ae5\u5b50\u519b\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u4e2d\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u636e\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u6709\u4e49\u52a1\u627f\u62c5\u6ca1\u6536\u67aa\u652f\u6216\u8005\u62c6\u8fc1\u623f\u5b50\u7684\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u5b9e\u65bd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u8bef\u5bfc\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6545\u610f\u7684\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5047\u5982\u6559\u5e08\u534f\u4f1a\u63a5\u7ba1\u4e86\u5730\u65b9\u5b66\u6821\u6821\u52a1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08\u8fd9\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u5730\u65b9\u5b66\u6821\u6821\u52a1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u90fd\u53d1\u751f\u8fc7\uff09\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u5462\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u6821\u52a1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5ba3\u544a\u7236\u6bcd\u4e0d\u9001\u5b69\u5b50\u4e0a\u5b66\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8fdd\u6cd5\u884c\u4e3a\u800c\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u62d8\u7559\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53c8\u4f1a\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u5462\uff1f<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
         <\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
        \u591a\u5e74\u6765\u4e00\u76f4\u5173\u6ce8\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u201c\u516c\u5171\u7406\u6027\u201d\u548c\u201c\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u201d\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u53cd\u5bf9\u300a\u56fd\u9632\u6388\u6743\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6cd5\u6848\u5374\u4f7f\u9177\u5211\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u548c\u6682\u505c\u4e86\u975e\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u4eba\u8eab\u4fdd\u62a4\u6743\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6cd5\u6848\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e9b\u5bf9\u5b66\u672f\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u540c\u6027\u5a5a\u59fb\u6709\u6f5c\u5728\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u5b50\u6761\u6b3e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u6025\u5fd9\u5730\u53cd\u5bf9\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u8fd8\u662f\u201c\u5229\u7ef4\u5766\u201d\uff0c\u5bf9\u5927\u591a\u6570\u653f\u6cbb\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6765\u8bf4\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u9053\u5fb7\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u300219\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u671f\u65b0\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u4f1a\u8bae\uff08\u636e\u6258\u514b\u7ef4\u5c14\u53ca\u5176\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff09\u5f71\u54cd\u663e\u8457\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6743\u529b\u53d7\u5230\u9650\u5236\u3002\u5f53\u5730\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u80fd\u6253\u51fb\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6210\u6587\u6cd5\u53bb\u60e9\u7f5a\u90a3\u4e9b\u5192\u72af\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u968f\u5fc3\u6240\u6b32\u7684\u7a83\u542c\u7535\u8bdd\u548c\u7a83\u53d6\u94f6\u884c\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u6743\u529b\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u5b83\u5bf9\u516c\u6c11\u4e5f\u5c31\u8d8a\u8511\u89c6\u3002<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
         <\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
        \u653f\u5ba2\u4eec\u5bf9\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u6709\u4f55\u53cd\u5e94\u5462\uff1f\u4ece\u7f8e\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u6765\u770b\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8d62\u5f97\u4e00\u573a\u9009\u4e3e\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u83b7\u80dc\u7684\u653f\u5ba2\u4eec\u8bf4\u4e86\u7b97\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5c31\u804c\u5ba3\u8a93\u6216\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ef4\u62a4\u5baa\u6cd5\u7684\u795e\u5723\u627f\u8bfa\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u6ca1\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e00\u5c01\u6765\u81ea\u8499\u5927\u7eb3\u5dde\u6bd4\u5c24\u7279\u5e02\u7684\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4fe1\u51fd\u5c31\u80fd\u8d77\u5230\u4f5c\u7528\u5462\uff1f\u53ea\u8981\u653f\u5e9c\u53c2\u4e0e\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u4f1a\u50cf\u4e2d\u5b66\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u8bfe\u4e00\u6837\u7cdf\u7cd5\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u80fd\u81ea\u52a8\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5c1a\u672a\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u624d\u53d8\u5f97\u5982\u6b64\u5f3a\u5927\u3002\u53c2\u4e0e\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u90fd\u5411\u4eba\u4eec\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5c06\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u201c\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u201d\u3002\u5bbe\u5915\u6cd5\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5dde\u7684\u5f00\u521b\u8005\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u4f69\u6069\u57281693\u5e74\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u8ba9\u4eba\u4eec\u60f3\u8c61\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u7edf\u6cbb\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u88ab\u7edf\u6cbb\u201d\u3002\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5371\u9669\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u80fd\u63a7\u5236\u5229\u7ef4\u5766\u7684\u9519\u89c9\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b83\u5145\u5176\u91cf\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8499\u853d\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bef\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u201c\u4f60\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u534f\u5546\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u4f60\u534f\u5546\u4e86\u5417\uff1f\u201d\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u4f60\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u6295\u7968\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u4f60\u6295\u7968\u4e86\u5417\uff1f\u201d\u8fd9\u79cd\u60ef\u7528\u8bed\u7684\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
         <\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
        \u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u662f\u628a\u6fc0\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f2a\u88c5\u6210\u6e29\u987a\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u826f\u65b9\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u629a\u6170\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7ea6\u675f\u653f\u5ba2\u4eec\u3002\u8d4b\u4e88\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u6743\u5229\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee3\u66ff\u7ed9\u4e88\u4eba\u4eec\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u652f\u6301\u8005\u7684\u6700\u5927\u7684\u201c\u7f6a\u884c\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u5938\u5927\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u79cd\u6539\u9769\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u516c\u6c11\u5236\u7ea6\u653f\u5e9c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u7528\u4e14\u6709\u6548\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u51e1\u662f\u4f7f\u6e29\u987a\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u5728\u52a9\u957f\u5974\u5f79\u548c\u538b\u5236\u3002\u800c\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u5c31\u662f\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u5974\u5f79\u795e\u5723\u5316\u7684\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u8bc1\u3002\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u9ad8\u5c1a\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u597d\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u516c\u6c11\u5374\u9677\u5165\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u60ac\u800c\u672a\u51b3\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u6df1\u6e0a\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u6559\u6388\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u8981\u6c42\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u201c\u8c03\u6574\u5fc3\u6001\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5dee\u522b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u51cf\u8f7b\u4eba\u4eec\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u675f\u7f1a\u3002<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
         <\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
        \u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u8fd8\u59a8\u788d\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u8bc6\u548c\u53d1\u73b0\u65e5\u76ca\u675f\u7f1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u201c\u94c1\u62f3\u201d\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u904f\u5236\u653f\u5ba2\u4eec\u6ee5\u7528\u6743\u529b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8ba8\u8bba\u90fd\u5c06\u662f\u4e00\u6587\u4e0d\u503c\u3002\u6700\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4fdd\u62a4\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u5f62\u5f0f\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u966a\u5ba1\u5458\u6709\u6743\u5224\u51b3\u653f\u5ba2\u6216\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u5458\u662f\u7f6a\u8f7b\u8fd8\u662f\u7f6a\u91cd\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u6743\u529b\u4e0d\u53d7\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u9897\u5b9a\u65f6\u70b8\u5f39\uff0c\u968f\u65f6\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u4fb5\u5bb3\u5230\u9700\u8981\u5b83\u53bb\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u5bf9\u591a\u6570\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u653f\u5e9c\u9075\u5b88\u5baa\u6cd5\u548c\u5c0a\u91cd\u4eba\u6743\u7684\u667a\u6167\u548c\u52c7\u6c14\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u78e8\u706d\u7684\u3002<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
<\/FONT><\/DIV>\r\n
\r\n
<\/FONT><\/STRONG> <\/DIV><\/DIV>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u5f20\u7b49\u6587\/\u8bd1 \u7f8e\u520a\u300a\u81ea\u7531\u4eba\u300b2008\u5e745\u6708\u53f7\u520a\u767b\u4e86\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u535a\u74e6\u5fb7\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u53ca\u5176\u7406\u8bba\u7f3a\u9677\u300b\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u8be5\u6587\u8bc4\u8ff0\u4e86\u534f […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5348","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-thought","et-doesnt-have-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5348","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5348"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5348\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5348"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5348"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5348"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}