{"id":55381,"date":"2016-04-12T08:54:00","date_gmt":"2016-04-12T08:54:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:10081\/?p=55381 "},"modified":"2016-04-12T08:54:00","modified_gmt":"2016-04-12T08:54:00","slug":"55381-revision-v1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/?p=55381","title":{"rendered":"\u4e2d\u56fd\u65e5\u6e10\u52a0\u7801\u7684\u9547\u538b"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\" <\/p>

“\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u518d\u89c9\u5f97\u6211\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u672a\u6765\u3002”\u4e00\u4f4d\u51fa\u7c7b\u62d4\u8403\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u667a\u5e93\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u6700\u8fd1\u5728\u8fc1\u5c45\u6d77\u5916\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u79c1\u4e0b\u60b2\u53f9\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u53d7\u8fc7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u58eb\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u672a\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u51fa\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u62c5\u5fc3\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u5b9e\u5728\u592a\u5e38\u89c1\u4e86\u3002\u786e\u5b9e\uff0c\u81ea<\/span>1970<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u604b\u65e7\u60c5\u7eea\u548c\u5217\u5b81\u4e3b\u4e49\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u73ed\u5b50\u4ece\u672a\u50cf\u73b0\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u5de6\u53f3\u4e2d\u56fd\u9886\u5bfc\u5c42\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u8fd8\u5728\u5f53\u653f\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u4f9d\u65e7\u8086\u8650\u3002<\/span><\/div>

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 <\/p>

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\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u8fd8\u62d2\u7edd\u5411“\u4e0d\u53cb\u597d”\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u8bb0\u8005\u548c\u5b66\u8005\u53d1\u653e\u7b7e\u8bc1\uff1b\u5c01\u9501\u5b83\u4e0d\u8ba4\u53ef\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u7f51\u7ad9\uff1b\u8981\u6c42\u5916\u56fd\u62d2\u7edd\u4e3a\u8bf8\u5982\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u3001\u9999\u6e2f\u6d3b\u52a8\u4eba\u58eb\u6216\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f02\u89c1\u4eba\u58eb\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u516c\u4f17\u4eba\u7269\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e73\u53f0\uff1b\u5a01\u80c1\u90a3\u4e9b\u6311\u6218\u5176\u7acb\u573a\u7684\u6d77\u5916\u5a92\u4f53\u673a\u6784\u7684\u5e7f\u544a\u5ba2\u6237\u7fa4\u4f53\uff1b\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8d74\u6d77\u5916\u7ed1\u67b6\u5916\u56fd\u4fa8\u6c11\u5e76\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec“\u5f15\u6e21”\u56de\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f3a\u8feb\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0a\u7535\u89c6\u6094\u8fc7\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5df2\u5f00\u59cb\u6084\u6084\u4f20\u64ad\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684“\u6050\u6016\u7684\u6c14\u6c1b”\uff0c\u8fd9\u7edd\u4e0d\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\u3002\u4f26\u6566\u56fd\u738b\u5b66\u9662\uff08<\/span>King<\/span>’<\/span>s College London <\/span>\uff09\u6cd5\u5b66\u9662\u8bb2\u5e08\u827e\u534e\uff08<\/span>Eva Pils<\/span>\uff09\u79f0\u8fd9\u79cd\u6c14\u6c1b\u4e3a“\u6050\u6016\u6cbb\u7406”\uff08<\/span>rule by fear<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u6700\u60f9\u4eba\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u80c6\u5927\u5984\u4e3a\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d\u77e5\u7f9e\u803b\u7684\u8154\u8c03\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4e0d\u662f\u5426\u8ba4\u6216\u8005\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e9b\u624b\u6bb5\u9053\u6b49\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f3c\u4e4e\u81ea\u8c6a\u5730\u79f0\u9882\u90a3\u4e9b\u624b\u6bb5\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u65b0\u53d1\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u5bf9\u6765\u81ea\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0d\u5c51\u4e00\u987e\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6b7b\u800c\u590d\u751f\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d22\u5bcc\u548c\u6743\u529b\u65b0\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u529b\u3001\u77ed\u671f\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u548c\u8fd1\u5728\u773c\u524d\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u624d\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u770b\u91cd\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u8fd9\u573a\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\u65b0\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed3\u5408\u66f4\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u3001\u66f4\u4e25\u5bc6\u7ba1\u5236\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u5bf9\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u66f4\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u5fe0\u8bda\uff0c\u6765\u66f4\u7262\u9760\u5730\u63a7\u5236\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e76\u6062\u590d\u5176\u6d3b\u529b\u3002\u5750\u9547\u8fd9\u573a\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u662f\u4e2d\u592e\u7eaa\u5f8b\u68c0\u67e5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08\u4e0b\u79f0“\u4e2d\u7eaa\u59d4”——\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff09\u3002\u4e2d\u7eaa\u59d4\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u515a\u7684\u6700\u6709\u6743\u52bf\u3001\u6700\u9690\u79d8\u548c\u6700\u4ee4\u4eba\u6050\u60e7\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u673a\u6784\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5b83\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e“\u7ef4\u62a4\u515a\u7684\u7eaa\u5f8b”\u3002\u4f46\u968f\u7740\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u5927\u6743\u5728\u63e1\u5e76\u5b89\u6392\u526f\u603b\u7406\u517c\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u5e38\u59d4\u4f1a\u59d4\u5458\u738b\u5c90\u5c71\u4e3a\u4e2d\u7eaa\u59d4\u4e66\u8bb0\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u4e3a\u8be5\u673a\u6784\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u804c\u8d23\uff1a\u53d1\u52a8\u4e00\u573a\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u53cd\u8150\u8d25\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u738b\u5c90\u5c71\u662f\u524d\u526f\u603b\u7406\u59da\u4f9d\u6797\u7684“\u592a\u5b50\u515a”\u5973\u5a7f\uff0c\u5176\u7236\u662f\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u672c\u4eba\u5c31\u8bfb\u5386\u53f2\u4e13\u4e1a\u3002\u5728\u80e1\u9526\u6d9b\u4efb\u5185\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e3b\u7ba1\u4e2d\u56fd\u5efa\u8bbe\u94f6\u884c\uff0c\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u7740\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u548c\u5546\u4e1a\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u4ed6\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u957f\u4ea8\u5229·\u9c8d\u5c14\u68ee\uff08<\/span>Henry Paulson<\/span>\uff09\u5bc6\u5207\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u6307\u5bfc\u65e9\u5e74\u7684\u7f8e\u4e2d\u6218\u7565\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5bf9\u8bdd\u3002\u5728\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e2d\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u7f8e\u4e2d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7279\u522b\u5177\u6709\u5efa\u8bbe\u6027\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u738b\u5c90\u5c71\u4f55\u4ee5\u653e\u5f03\u9601\u50da\u4e4b\u804c\uff0c\u53bb\u5f53\u4e00\u4f4d\u5e73\u6de1\u65e0\u5947\u7684\u5927\u5ba1\u5224\u5b98\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u4e0d\u5f97\u800c\u77e5\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4e0e\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u53cb\u8c0a\u6216\u8bb8\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u89e3\u91ca\u4ed6\u7684\u5fd7\u5411\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u53cb\u8c0a\u5f62\u6210\u4e8e<\/span>1970<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f5c\u4e3a\u77e5\u8bc6\u9752\u5e74\u90fd\u88ab“\u4e0b\u653e”\u5230\u9655\u897f\u7701\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u7a77\u4e8c\u767d\u7684\u5730\u533a\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u636e\u5bf9\u4e2d\u7eaa\u59d4\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7ef4\u4e5f\u7eb3\u5927\u5b66\u6c49\u5b66\u7cfb\u8bbf\u95ee\u6559\u6388\u674e\u73b2\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c“\u515a\u7684\u7eaa\u68c0\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fc7\u53bb\u662f\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u4ecd\u7136\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5de9\u56fa\u515a\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6743\u5a01\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u515a\u7684\u56e2\u7ed3\u7684\u5de5\u5177”\u3002\u4f46\u81ea\u4ece\u738b\u5c90\u5c71\u4e8e<\/span>2012<\/span>\u5e74\u63a5\u4efb\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4e2d\u7eaa\u59d4\u7531\u5341\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\u673a\u6784\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u65e2\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0e\u4e2d\u592e\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e00\u9053\uff0c\u5df2\u5c06\u8c03\u67e5\u6848\u4ef6\u6570\u91cf\u7531<\/span>2013<\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u4e8c\u5341\u4ef6\u6269\u5927\u5230<\/span>2016<\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e00\u767e\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e2d\u7eaa\u59d4\u6210\u4e3a\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u5de9\u56fa\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e00\u515a\u5236\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u673a\u6784\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5176\u5de5\u4f5c\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u662f\u91cd\u4e2d\u4e4b\u91cd\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u4e8e\u5f97\u4ee5\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u90e8\u4e4b\u5916\u62db\u52df\u548c\u89e3\u96c7\u4eba\u624b\uff0c\u800c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u90e8\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u592e\u96c6\u6743\u7684\u6e05\u7b97\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u638c\u63a7\u5176\u4ed6\u9ad8\u7ea7\u804c\u4f4d\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u5f3a\u5927\u800c\u9a87\u4eba\u7684\u4e2d\u7eaa\u59d4<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

 <\/strong><\/p>

\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u65e7\u5f0f\u5217\u5b81\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u515a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u9762\u5bf9\u4e24\u5927\u91cd\u8981\u6311\u6218\uff1a\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5145\u65a5\u91d1\u94b1\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u65c5\u6e38\u3001\u7535\u5b50\u5316\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u79cd\u79cd\u5f02\u7aef\u90aa\u8bf4\u7684\u5168\u7403\u5316\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u4fdd\u6301\u5176\u516b\u5343\u4e5d\u767e\u4e07\u515a\u5458\u7684“\u601d\u60f3\u7eaa\u5f8b”\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u6e05\u7406\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6162\u6027\u8150\u8d25\u3002\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u672c\u4eba\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u6162\u6027\u8150\u8d25\u4e4b\u5bb3\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u5173\u4e4e“\u515a\u7684\u751f\u6b7b\u5b58\u4ea1”\u4e4b\u4e8b\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u515a\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u8150\u8680\uff0c\u9996\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\u5b98\u5458\u4eec\u85aa\u8d44\u4f4e\u4e0b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5374\u63a7\u5236\u7740\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d22\u5bcc\u3002\u56e0\u4e4b\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u5f53\u7275\u6d89\u5230\u4e0d\u52a8\u4ea7\uff08\u6240\u6709\u571f\u5730\u90fd\u5c5e\u653f\u5e9c\u6240\u6709\uff09\u548c\u94f6\u884c\u4e1a\uff08\u6240\u6709\u5927\u578b\u94f6\u884c\u4e5f\u90fd\u5c5e\u653f\u5e9c\u6240\u6709\uff09\u7684\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u4ea4\u6613\u6765\u5230\u773c\u524d\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u5ba1\u67e5\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u5b98\u5458\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u5904\u5728\u8bf1\u4eba\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u63a5\u53d7\u8d3f\u8d42\u6216\u8005\u6697\u5730\u91cc\u6536\u53d6\u4e00\u5b9a\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u56de\u6263\u6765\u8865\u8d34\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fae\u4e0d\u8db3\u9053\u7684\u6536\u5165\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u8150\u8d25\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6210\u529f\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u5408\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u6709\u9274\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6240\u79f0\u7684\u539f\u7f6a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u8150\u8d25\u7684\u5fc3\u77e5\u809a\u660e\uff0c\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u89e6\u52a8\u5b98\u5458\u548c\u5546\u4eba\uff08\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u65e2\u662f\u5b98\u5458\u4e5f\u662f\u5546\u4eba\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u79d8\u5bc6\u8c03\u67e5\u3001\u5ba1\u67e5\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5ba1\u5224\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7edd\u975e\u65b0\u9c9c\u4e8b\uff0c\u5728\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u7684\u53cd\u8150\u8d25\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2d\u7eaa\u59d4\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u4e4b\u5904\u4ecd\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u660e\u786e\u65e0\u8bef\u7684\u6cd5\u5916\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u4e2d\u7eaa\u59d4\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u7ea7\u522b\u660e\u663e\u9ad8\u4e8e\u8b66\u5bdf\u3001\u5f8b\u5e08\u548c\u6cd5\u5b98\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u4f1a\u6b63\u5e38\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u8fd9\u79cd\u53f8\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u7ec6\u679d\u672b\u8282\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u59a8\u788d\u5230\u4e2d\u7eaa\u59d4\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u6848\u4ef6\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u8d70\u8fc7\u573a\u7684\u5ba1\u5224\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5982\u8150\u8d25\u6848\u4ef6\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u5ba3\u5224\u80fd\u591f\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u662f“\u4f9d\u6cd5”\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5b5c\u5b5c\u4e0d\u5026\u5730\u4f7f\u7528“\u4f9d\u6cd5”\u8fd9\u79cd\u63aa\u8f9e\uff0c\u4eff\u4f5b\u5355\u9760\u5492\u8bed\u5c31\u80fd\u4ee4\u5ba3\u5224\u771f\u5b9e\u53ef\u4fe1\u3002\u4f46\u5c4a\u65f6\uff0c“\u6709\u7f6a”\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u65e9\u5c31\u6572\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u4f9d\u60ef\u4f8b\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u5e55\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u5ba1\u5224\u5267\uff0c\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e2d\u7eaa\u59d4\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u4ee5\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u59ff\u6001\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u9664\u4e86\u8c03\u67e5\u8150\u8d25\u548c\u8fdd\u53cd“\u515a\u7eaa”\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e2d\u7eaa\u59d4\u53e6\u6709\u4e00\u9879\u66f4\u542b\u7cca\u7684\u804c\u8d23\uff1a\u5373\u5982\u5176\u7f51\u9875\u5728<\/span>2014<\/span>\u5e74\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fdd\u89c4\u8fdd\u7eaa\u884c\u4e3a“\u53d1\u6325\u5a01\u6151\u529b”\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e2d\u7eaa\u59d4\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7“\u6740\u9e21\u5106\u7334”\uff0c\u5982\u8fd9\u53e5\u53e4\u4ee3\u8c1a\u8bed\u6240\u9648\u8ff0\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u6765\u904f\u5236\u5176\u4ed6\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u5206\u5b50\u3002\u8be5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u751a\u81f3\u542f\u52a8\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u548c\u4e00\u6b3e\u667a\u80fd\u624b\u673a\u5e94\u7528\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e3e\u62a5\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u8be5\u7f51\u7ad9\u548c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e0a\u4f20\u663e\u793a\u5b98\u5458\u6d89\u6848\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u548c\u89c6\u9891\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5b98\u5458\u88ab\u6293\u62cd\u5230\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u7981\u6b62\u5962\u4f88\u6d6a\u8d39\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u751a\u6216\u5c31\u5728\u8fdd\u89c4\u73b0\u573a\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u4eff\u4f5b\u4e2d\u7eaa\u59d4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u673a\u6784“\u7eaa\u68c0\u76d1\u5bdf\u5ba4”\u672a\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u6e05\u9664\u8150\u8d25\u7684\u96c4\u5fc3\uff0c\u515a\u73b0\u5728\u8fd8\u8d4b\u4e88\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u673a\u6784\u5373“\u4e2d\u592e\u5de1\u89c6\u7ec4”\u4ee5\u65b0\u7684\u751f\u673a\u3002\u4e2d\u592e\u5de1\u89c6\u7ec4\u6700\u521d\u4e8e<\/span>2003<\/span>\u5e74\u8bbe\u7acb\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u8c03\u67e5\u4e2d\u7eaa\u59d4\u56e0\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u88d9\u5e26\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u4efb\u4eba\u552f\u4eb2\u800c\u53ef\u80fd\u52a0\u4ee5\u5e87\u62a4\u7684“\u9886\u5bfc\u5e72\u90e8”\u3002\u56e0\u5176\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7ec4\u5747\u7531\u9000\u4f11\u7684\u90e8\u7ea7\u5b98\u5458\u62c5\u4efb\u7ec4\u957f\uff0c\u5e76\u5411\u4e2d\u592e\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u65b0\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684“\u4e2d\u592e\u5de1\u89c6\u5de5\u4f5c\u9886\u5bfc\u5c0f\u7ec4”\u6c47\u62a5\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u5de1\u89c6\u7ec4\u8fc5\u901f\u6210\u957f\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u672c\u5df2\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u6784\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u800c\u4ee4\u4eba\u754f\u60e7\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u5355\u4f4d\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e25\u683c\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u5de1\u89c6\u7ec4\u5982\u540c\u4e2d\u7eaa\u59d4\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8981\u76f4\u63a5\u5411\u515a\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6c47\u62a5\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u65e5\u5e38\u6d3b\u52a8\u5747\u5904\u5728\u738b\u5c90\u5c71\u638c\u63a7\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4ee4\u4ed6\u6210\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d8\u5bc6\u8c03\u67e5\u5355\u4f4d\u4e2d\u7684\u6559\u7236\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u7eaa\u68c0\u76d1\u5bdf\u5ba4\u8fd8\u662f\u5de1\u89c6\u7ec4\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u8c03\u67e5\u673a\u6784\u6000\u7591\u5230\u67d0\u53ea“\u8001\u864e”\u6216\u662f“\u82cd\u8747”\uff0c\u5acc\u7591\u4eba\u5c31\u5c06\u906d\u5230\u4ee5“\u53cc\u89c4”\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u62d8\u62bc\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ed6\u4eec\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u8981\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u5730\u70b9\u63a5\u53d7\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u53ea\u80fd\u7531\u4e2d\u7eaa\u59d4\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u906d\u5230\u62d8\u62bc\u7684\u5acc\u7591\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4e0e\u5916\u754c\u9694\u7edd\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u591a\u4f4d“\u968f\u884c\u4fdd\u62a4\u4eba\u5458”\u8fdb\u884c\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u5c0f\u65f6\u9632\u81ea\u6740\u76d1\u89c6\u3002\u5728\u5acc\u7591\u4eba\u53ef\u62d8\u62bc\u591a\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ec5\u6709\u542b\u7cca\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4eba\u8eab\u4fdd\u62a4\u6743\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u987e\u95ee\u6216\u4e0a\u8bc9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6761\u6b3e\u4e5f\u4ed8\u8bf8\u9619\u5982\u3002\u636e\u5b66\u8005\u674e\u73b2\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u53cc\u89c4\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f“\u6467\u6bc1\u88ab\u53cc\u89c4\u8005\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u9632\u5fa1\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4ed6\u6216\u8005\u5979\u5c31\u4f1a‘\u5f00\u59cb\u4ea4\u4ee3’”\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6539\u9769\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4ee5\u5f80\uff0c\u5f3a\u8feb\u62db\u4f9b\u3001\u4f53\u7f5a\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u9177\u5211\u6298\u78e8\u548c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u90fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u7f55\u89c1\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4efb\u4f55\u8c03\u67e5\u7684\u5230\u6765\u90fd\u4f34\u968f\u7406\u7531\u5145\u5206\u7684\u6709\u7f6a\u63a8\u5b9a\uff0c\u5bf9\u67d0\u4eba\u53cc\u89c4\u901a\u5e38\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u5ba3\u5224\uff0c\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u7b49\u4e8e\u662f\u542f\u52a8\u4e86\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u3002\u6bcb\u5eb8\u591a\u8a00\uff0c\u5728\u5b98\u5458\u5fc3\u76ee\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\u60c5\u6bd4\u65b0\u95fb\u62a5\u9053\u8bf4\u4ed6\u4eec\u6216\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u4e0a\u4e86\u4e2d\u7eaa\u59d4\u7684\u540d\u5355\u66f4\u4ee4\u4eba\u6050\u60e7\u7684\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u8054\u60f3<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u4e00\u4f4d\u6df1\u5177\u5386\u53f2\u773c\u5149\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u987e\u95ee\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\uff1a“\u4e2d\u7eaa\u59d4\u7684\u53cd\u8150\u8d25\u8fd0\u52a8\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u5bd2\u800c\u6817\u5730\u60f3\u5230\u660e\u4ee3\u4e1c\u5382\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\u6b8b\u9177\u9547\u538b\u3002”\u5979\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4ee3\u8868\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e13\u5236\u7edf\u6cbb\u9ad8\u6f6e\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u5e1d\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u5982\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u6545\u4e8b\u3001\u6d41\u884c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u548c\u7535\u89c6\u5267\u96c6\u4e2d\u6240\u77e5\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u660e\u4ee3\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u515a\u4e89\u3001\u6743\u8c0b\u3001\u731c\u7591\u3001\u6050\u5413\u3001\u624b\u8db3\u76f8\u6b8b\u548c\u6cd5\u5916\u9177\u5211\u3002\u6c38\u4e50\u7687\u5e1d\uff08<\/span>1402~1424<\/span>\u5e74\u5728\u4f4d\uff09\u5929\u6027\u731c\u7591\uff0c\u751f\u6015\u968f\u5904\u90fd\u6709\u8c0b\u53cd\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u60f3\u65b9\u8bbe\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u7cbe\u5bc6\u590d\u6742\u7684\u56fd\u5185\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u95f4\u8c0d\u7f51\u7edc\u6765\u7ef4\u62a4\u7687\u4f4d\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u8fd9\u4f4d\u660e\u4ee3\u7687\u5e1d\u5982\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u4e00\u822c\u5224\u5b9a\uff0c\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u6784\u5373\u6240\u8c13“\u9526\u8863\u536b”\u65e0\u6cd5\u80dc\u4efb\u4fdd\u62a4\u5176\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0d\u53d7\u98a0\u8986\u4e4b\u804c\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u4e86\u81ed\u540d\u662d\u8457\u7684“\u4e1c\u5382”\u3002\u8be5\u673a\u6784\u7531\u5fe0\u5fc3\u803f\u803f\u7684\u5bab\u5ef7\u5ba6\u5b98\u7edf\u9886\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u4eca\u5929\u7684“\u6863\u6848”\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fdd\u5b58\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u6863\u6848\u4e00\u822c\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4fdd\u7559\u7740\u5168\u90e8\u5b98\u5458\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u6863\u6848\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u8521\u77f3\u5c71\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u56e0\u5176\u4ece\u4e8b\u5f3a\u8feb\u62db\u4f9b\u3001\u9177\u5211\u6298\u78e8\u548c\u9a87\u4eba\u6697\u6740\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u60ca\u5fc3\u52a8\u9b44\uff0c\u660e\u4ee3\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u6784\u6210\u4e3a“\u7687\u6743\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u90aa\u6076\u529b\u91cf”\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00“\u7578\u5f62\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u8b66\u5bdf\u673a\u6784”\uff0c\u5176“\u6743\u529b\u89e6\u89d2\u5982\u540c\u5de8\u578b\u7ae0\u9c7c\u822c\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u89d2\u843d”\u3002\uff08\u8521\u77f3\u5c71<\/span>1940<\/span>\u5e74\u751f\u4e8e\u53f0\u6e7e\u5609\u4e49\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4fc4\u52d2\u5188\u5927\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u73b0\u4efb\u53f0\u6e7e\u4ea4\u901a\u5927\u5b66\u8bb2\u5ea7\u6559\u6388\u3002——\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff09<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u4f46\u660e\u4ee3\u7687\u5ba4\u7684\u731c\u7591\u4e4b\u5fc3\u6781\u76db\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u4e8e\u660e\u4ee3\u665a\u671f\u7684\u7687\u5e1d\u4eec\u751a\u81f3\u8fde\u4e1c\u5382\u90fd\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u53c8\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86“\u897f\u5382”\uff0c\u8fd9\u6210\u4e86\u6b63\u5e38\u5b98\u50da\u6e20\u9053\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u6784\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u6cbb\u4e0b\u5b89\u5168\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u6ecb\u751f\u7e41\u884d\uff0c\u96be\u514d\u603b\u4ee4\u4eba\u8054\u60f3\u5230\u4e1c\u5382\u548c\u897f\u5382\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u660e\u4ee3\u524d\u8eab\u673a\u6784\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u81ea\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u9ad8\u538b\u7edf\u6cbb\u7ed3\u675f\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c“\u534f\u5546\u5f0f\u9886\u5bfc”\uff08<\/span>consensus-style leadership<\/span>\uff09\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u6446\u8131\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u518d\u5ea6\u96c6\u4e2d\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u751a\u4e14\u5982\u540c\u660e\u4ee3\u7684\u7687\u5e1d\u7f62\u9edc\u5bb0\u76f8\u804c\u4f4d\u4e00\u822c\uff0c\u5c06\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u603b\u7406\u4e00\u804c\u8fb9\u7f18\u5316\u4e86\u3002\u53d6\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u65b0\u7684“\u9886\u5bfc\u5c0f\u7ec4”\uff0c\u672c\u4eba\u62c5\u4efb\u4e86\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c0f\u7ec4\uff08\u8d1f\u8d23\u8bf8\u5982\u519b\u961f\u91cd\u7ec4\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u9ed1\u5ba2\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769\u53ca\u6d77\u6743\u7b49\u9886\u57df\uff09\u7684\u7ec4\u957f\u3002\u4e0d\u53ea\u4f5c\u4e3a\u540c\u4faa\u4e4b\u9996\uff0c\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u8fd8\u6210\u4e3a\u5ba3\u4f20\u90e8\u95e8\u73b0\u5728\u5802\u800c\u7687\u4e4b\u52a0\u4ee5\u5439\u6367\u7684\u515a\u7684“\u6838\u5fc3”\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e2d\u56fd\u77e5\u540d\u6587\u5316\u754c\u4eba\u58eb\u6700\u8fd1\u79c1\u4e0b\u62b1\u6028\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c“\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u5c42\u73b0\u4ee3\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u96be\u4ee5\u53bb\u9664\u7684‘\u72ec\u88c1\u7684\u6027\u683c’”\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u7684\u53cd\u8150\u8d25\u4f5c\u6218\u6df1\u53d7\u666e\u901a\u6c11\u4f17\u6b22\u8fce——<\/span>2014<\/span>\u5e74\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4e2d\u62e5\u6709\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u652f\u6301\u7387——\u4f46\u5bf9\u4efb\u4f55\u671f\u671b\u5411\u6743\u529b\u771f\u8bda\u5efa\u8a00\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u8fd9\u573a\u4f5c\u6218\u5df2\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u65e0\u53ef\u4e89\u8fa9\u7684\u5bd2\u8749\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u8fd0\u52a8\u4ece\u53cd\u8150\u8d25\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a\u610f\u4e49\u5bbd\u6cdb\u8bb8\u591a\u7684\u5bf9\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u6e05\u6d17\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u62c5\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u76ee\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u9006\u884c\u8fdb\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08<\/span>neo-Maoism<\/span>\uff09\u65f6\u671f\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u65b0\u5e74\u5047\u671f\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u524d\u5f80\u4e95\u5188\u5c71\u671d\u62dc\uff0c<\/span>1927<\/span>\u5e74\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9769\u547d\u6839\u636e\u5730\u3002\u7535\u89c6\u65b0\u95fb\u5bf9\u8fd9\u6b21\u671d\u62dc\u7684\u62a5\u9053\u53ea\u662f\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u62c5\u5fc3\u3002\u5728\u4e95\u5188\u5c71\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u50cf\u662f\u5bb6\u957f\u4e00\u822c“\u4e0e\u7fa4\u4f17\u6253\u6210\u4e00\u7247”\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u526f\u4ee4\u4eba\u8083\u7136\u8d77\u656c\u7684\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u62db\u8d34\u753b\u524d\uff0c\u4ed6\u548c\u519c\u6c11\u4eec\u4e00\u9053\u8fdb\u9910\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u8fd9\u6b21\u5de1\u6e38\u50ac\u751f\u4e86\u6570\u4e0d\u80dc\u6570\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u3001\u65b0\u95fb\u7b80\u8baf\u3001\u963f\u8c00\u5949\u627f\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u5c0f\u66f2\u548c\u89c6\u9891\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u8d5e\u9882“\u4e60\u5927\u5927”\u7684\u4ec1\u7231\u3002\uff08\u636e\u5b98\u65b9\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u4e8e<\/span>2016<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>2<\/span>\u6708<\/span>1<\/span>\u65e5\u81f3<\/span>3<\/span>\u65e5\u8003\u5bdf\u6c5f\u897f\u7701\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d<\/span>1<\/span>\u65e5\u81f3<\/span>2<\/span>\u65e5\u8003\u5bdf\u4e95\u5188\u5c71\u5730\u533a\u3002\u539f\u6587\u6240\u8ff0\u65f6\u95f4\u4f3c\u6709\u8bef\u3002——\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff09<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u968f\u540e\uff0c<\/span>2<\/span>\u6708\u665a\u4e9b\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0b\u4ee4\u5f00\u5c55\u4e3a\u671f\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u6559\u80b2\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u6d3b\u52a8\u5c24\u5176\u9488\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u53ef\u80fd\u6b63\u5728“\u52a8\u6447\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u4fe1\u5ff5”\u7684\u540c\u5fd7\u3002\u4ed6\u7279\u522b\u63a8\u8350\uff0c\u91cd\u6e29\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c<\/span>1949<\/span>\u5e74\u5199\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u300a\u515a\u59d4\u4f1a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\u300b\u3002\uff08\u636e\u65b0\u534e\u793e\u5317\u4eac<\/span>2<\/span>\u6708<\/span>28<\/span>\u65e5\u7535\uff0c\u515a\u4e2d\u592e\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c<\/span>2016<\/span>\u5e74\u5728\u5168\u4f53\u515a\u5458\u4e2d\u5f00\u5c55“\u5b66\u515a\u7ae0\u515a\u89c4\u3001\u5b66\u7cfb\u5217\u8bb2\u8bdd\uff0c\u505a\u5408\u683c\u515a\u5458”\u5b66\u4e60\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u8981“\u7740\u529b\u89e3\u51b3\u4e00\u4e9b\u515a\u5458\u7406\u60f3\u4fe1\u5ff5\u6a21\u7cca\u52a8\u6447\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5bf9\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7279\u8272\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u7cbe\u795e\u7a7a\u865a\uff0c\u63a8\u5d07\u897f\u65b9\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u70ed\u8877\u4e8e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u53c2\u52a0\u5c01\u5efa\u8ff7\u4fe1\u6d3b\u52a8\u7b49”\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u7cfb\u4f9d\u636e\u65b0\u534e\u793e<\/span>2<\/span>\u6708<\/span>28<\/span>\u65e5\u6240\u53d1\u82f1\u6587\u62a5\u9053\u505a\u51fa\u76f8\u5173\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002——\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff09<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u66fe\u7ecf\u4e3b\u5bb0\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u7684“\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u601d\u60f3”\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e1c\u5c71\u518d\u8d77\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u4f3c\u4e4e\u65e2\u4e0d\u5927\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53d7\u5f85\u89c1\u3002\u4f46\u9274\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u5012\u9000\uff0c\u6ed1\u5411\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u52a0\u4ee4\u4eba\u56de\u60f3\u8d77<\/span>1970<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u800c\u975e<\/span>1980<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u6c14\u6c1b\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u53d7\u8fc7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u8bf8\u5982\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u548c\u660e\u4ee3\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u6050\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u5f53\u4e2d\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u8fd8\u60f3\u65b9\u8bbe\u6cd5\u5c06\u8d22\u4ea7\u653e\u5230\u56fd\u5916\uff0c\u501f\u4ee5\u5bfb\u6c42\u5728\u6d77\u5916\u5b89\u5bb6\u7acb\u4e1a\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5916\u6c47\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u6d41\u5931\uff0c\u636e\u8bf4\u4ec5\u53bb\u5e74\u4e00\u5e74\u5c31\u6709\u4e00\u4e07\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u9003\u79bb\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u7edd\u4e0d\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u5012\u884c\u9006\u65bd<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

1978<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u4e24\u5ea6\u906d\u5230\u6574\u8083\u7684\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u91cd\u65b0\u638c\u6743\u5e76\u89c4\u5212\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u96c4\u5fc3\u52c3\u52c3\u7684\u6539\u9769\u8bae\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bae\u7a0b\u4ee4\u540e\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u9762\u5747\u5f97\u4ee5\u4eab\u53d7\u66f4\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u4eba\u4eec\u6df1\u611f\u5bbd\u6170\u3002\u968f\u540e\u81f3<\/span>1989<\/span>\u5e74\u5929\u5b89\u95e8\u5e7f\u573a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u5bbd\u5bb9\u7684\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u8fd9\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u6709\u7406\u7531\u8bbe\u60f3\uff0c\u5047\u4ee5\u65f6\u65e5\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0d\u53ea\u5c06\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u4ee5\u5e02\u573a\u4e3a\u5bfc\u5411\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u66f4\u52a0\u5f00\u653e\u3001\u66f4\u52a0\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u6cd5\u6cbb\uff0c\u751a\u4e14\u4e0e\u6574\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u4f1a\u66f4\u52a0\u5408\u62cd\u3002\u5176\u540e\uff0c\u80e1\u9526\u6d9b\u6267\u653f\u65f6\u671f\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd“\u548c\u5e73\u5d1b\u8d77”\u4e4b\u7c7b\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5f3a\u5316\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e50\u89c2\u60c5\u7eea\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u81ea\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u4e0a\u4efb\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f1a\u9010\u6b65\u6f14\u53d8\u81f3\u6446\u8131\u5176\u5217\u5b81\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e50\u89c2\u5e0c\u671b\u5df2\u53d8\u5f97\u6108\u53d1\u9065\u4e0d\u53ef\u53ca\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u6570\u5468\uff0c\u9002\u9022\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e00\u5e74\u4e00\u5ea6\u7684“\u4e24\u4f1a”\uff08\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u6cbb\u534f\u5546\u4f1a\u8bae\uff09\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u4e3e\u884c\uff0c\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u8981\u6c42\u5f3a\u5316\u515a\u7eaa\u548c\u5ba1\u67e5\u5a92\u4f53\u7684\u4e3e\u63aa\u5f00\u59cb\u6fc0\u53d1\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u6c11\u4f17\u6297\u8bae\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u6ce2\u5bf9\u5176\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u6743\u5a01\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u516c\u5f00\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u6297\u8bae\u5f20\u8d34\u5728\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0a\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u5c01\u7531\u65b0\u534e\u793e\u8bb0\u8005\u5468\u65b9\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u516c\u5f00\u4fe1\u6279\u8bc4\u5ba1\u67e5\u5b98\u5458\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u8868\u8fbe\u81ea\u7531\u7684“\u7c97\u66b4”\u548c“\u6781\u5176\u4e25\u91cd”\u7684\u4fb5\u72af\u3002\u5468\u65b9\u5199\u9053\uff1a“\u5728\u7f51\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u7c97\u66b4\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0b\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u8206\u8bba\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u6781\u5927\u7684\u538b\u5236\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u6781\u5176\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u4fb5\u72af\u3002”<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u5728\u88ab\u5ba1\u67e5\u4eba\u5458\u64a4\u4e0b\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5468\u65b9\u7684\u516c\u5f00\u4fe1\u5982\u91ce\u706b\u822c\u5728\u7f51\u4e0a\u4f20\u64ad\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u5c01\u7f51\u4e0a\u4fe1\u4ef6\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u6709\u5173\u8054\u7684\u65b0\u95fb\u7f51\u7ad9“\u65e0\u754c”\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u5c01\u4fe1\u7531\u4e00\u6279\u81ea\u79f0\u4e3a“\u5fe0\u8bda\u7684\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5458”\u7684\u533f\u540d\u4eba\u58eb\u7b7e\u7f72\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u8c34\u8d23\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u53d1\u52a8\u4e86“\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc”\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u516c\u5f00\u8981\u6c42\u4ed6\u8f9e\u804c\u3002\u4fe1\u4e2d\u79f0\uff1a“\u4f60\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u5e26\u9886\u515a\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d70\u5411\u672a\u6765\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002”<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

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 <\/p>

\u4e0d\u8bba\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u90fd\u6b63\u5728\u7ecf\u5386\u4e00\u79cd\u5012\u884c\u9006\u65bd\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d8\u5316\u8981\u6c42\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bfb\u6c42\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u8fdb\u884c\u878d\u5408\u7684\u610f\u613f\u8fdb\u884c\u5f7b\u5e95\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\uff08\u4f5c\u8005\u7cfb\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e9a\u6d32\u534f\u4f1a\u7f8e\u4e2d\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e9a\u745f·\u7f57\u65af\u4e3b\u4efb\uff0c\u66fe\u4efb\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u4f2f\u514b\u5229\u5206\u6821\u65b0\u95fb\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u9662\u9662\u957f\u548c\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u8457\u6709\u591a\u90e8\u6709\u5173\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u672c\u6587\u539f\u520a\u4e8e\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u4e66\u8bc4\u300b<\/span>2016<\/span>\u5e74\u7b2c<\/span>7<\/span>\u671f\uff0c<\/span>2016<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>4<\/span>\u6708<\/span>21<\/span>\u65e5\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u539f\u9898\uff1a“<\/span>Crackdown in China: Worse and Worse<\/span>”\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u5c0f\u6807\u9898\u53ca\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u4e24\u4f4d\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u5934\u8854\u7cfb\u8bd1\u8005\u6240\u52a0\u3002\uff09<\/span><\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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