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\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4e3b\u5bfc\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u6f6e\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5efa\u6784\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u52a8\u5458\uff0c\u662f\u56f4\u7ed5<\/span>\u2018<\/span>\u53cd\u5bf9\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span>\u2019<\/span>\u5373<\/span>\u2018<\/span>\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span>\u2019<\/span>(<\/span>\u6b64\u8bdd\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5728\u300a\u56fd\u5171\u5408\u4f5c\u6210\u7acb\u540e\u7684\u8feb\u5207\u4efb\u52a1\u300b\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa: \u201c\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u5929\u4e0d\u5728\u53cd\u5bf9\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1\u300a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c \u9009\u96c6\u300b\u7b2c 2 \u5377\uff0c\u5317\u4eac: \u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1991 \u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c 368 \u9875\u3002) \u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u5e76\u975e\u4ec5\u662f\u8fce\u5408\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u52a8\u5458\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e76\u975e\u4ec5\u662f\u5bf9\u5217\u5b81\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8bba\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u590d\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e2d\u56fd\u5316\u7684\u81ea\u89c9\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u4ece\u653f\u6cbb\u52a8\u5458\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c<\/span>\u2018<\/span>\u6253\u5012\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span>\u2019<\/span>\u53e3\u53f7\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u7406\u8bba\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6d53\u7f29\u3002<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>

2<\/span>\uff09\u5217\u5b81\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\u7684\u82cf\u8054\u662f\u4e0d\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4ee5\u5e73\u7b49\u5f85\u6211\u4e4b\u6c11\u65cf<\/span>\u201d<\/span>?<\/span>\u8fd8\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u6e05\u9192\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u6700\u51f6\u90aa\u7684\u5217\u5f3a\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span>\u201d<\/span>?<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>

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\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>

\u800c\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>1925<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u5317\u65b9\u7684\u300a\u6668\u62a5\u300b\u548c\u300a\u4eac\u62a5\u300b\u526f\u520a\u56f4\u7ed5\u82cf\u4fc4\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5<\/span>\u2018<\/span>\u8054\u4fc4<\/span>\u2019<\/span>\u8fd8\u662f\u5e94\u8be5<\/span>\u2018<\/span>\u4ec7\u4fc4<\/span>\u2019<\/span>\uff0c\u66fe\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fc7\u4e00\u573a\u5927\u8bba\u8fa9\u3002\u53c2\u4e0e\u8bba\u8fa9\u7684\u5927\u90fd\u662f\u77e5\u8bc6\u4eba\uff0c\u610f\u89c1\u5219\u6b63\u53cd\u4e24\u5206\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20<\/span>\u2018<\/span>\u4eb2\u4fc4<\/span>\u2019<\/span>\u4e0e\u4e3b\u5f20<\/span>\u2018<\/span>\u4ec7\u4fc4<\/span>\u2019<\/span>\u51e0\u4e4e\u96be\u51b3\u80dc\u8d1f\u3002\uff08\u6ce8\uff1a\u8bba\u8fa9\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u6536\u5728\u7ae0\u8fdb\u7f16\u300a\u8054\u4fc4\u4e0e\u4ec7\u4fc4\u95ee\u9898\u8ba8\u8bba\u96c6\u300b\uff08\u5317\u65b0\u4e66\u5c40\uff0c1927\u5e74\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u3002\u8be5\u4e66\u539f\u62df\u51fa\u7248\u4e0a\u3001\u4e0b\u4e24\u518c\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u89c1\u4e0a\u518c\u3002\uff09<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

\u201c<\/span>\u56fd\u3001\u5171\u4e24\u515a\u7684<\/span>\u2018<\/span>\u4eb2\u4fc4<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u4e0e\u9752\u5e74\u515a\u7684<\/span>\u2018<\/span>\u4ec7\u4fc4<\/span>\u2019<\/span>\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u5747\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4f17\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u77e5\u8bc6\u754c\uff09\u5bf9\u82cf\u4fc4\u6001\u5ea6\u4e24\u6781\u5316\u7684\u53cd\u6620\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u9752\u5e74\u515a\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e0e\u82cf\u4fc4\u4eb2\u5584\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5171\u4ea7\u56fd\u9645\u7531\u82cf\u4fc4\u53d1\u8d77\uff0c\u53d7\u82cf\u4fc4\u64cd\u7eb5\uff0c\u4ee5\u82cf\u4fc4\u5229\u76ca\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u662f\u82cf\u4fc4\u85c9\u4ee5\u79f0\u9738\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u5229\u5668\u3002\uff08\u6ce8\uff1a\u674e\u742f\u537f\uff1a\u300a\u8bba\u4e2d\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e09\u56fd\u9645\u4e4b\u5173\u7cfb\u5e76\u5fe0\u544a\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u9192\u72ee\u300b\u7b2c92\u53f7\uff081926\u5e747\u670818\u65e5\uff09\uff1b\u66fe\u7426\uff1a\u300a\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u4e0d\u6562\u590d\u8a00\u6253\u5012\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u77e3\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u9192\u72ee\u300b\u7b2c100\u53f7\uff081926\u5e749\u670811\u65e5\uff09\u3002\uff09\u9752\u5e74\u515a\u8fd8\u6307\u8d23\u82cf\u4fc4<\/span>\u2018<\/span>\u6d3e\u5175\u5360\u9886\u6211\u5916\u8499\uff0c\u4fb5\u72af\u6211\u4e2d\u4e1c\u8def\u6743\uff0c\u8650\u5f85\u6211\u65c5\u4fc4\u4fa8\u80de\uff0c\u5e72\u6d89\u6211\u56fd\u5185\u653f\uff0c\u7ffb\u6094\u5176\u65e2\u627f\u8ba4\u53d6\u6d88\u4e4b\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u6761\u7ea6<\/span>\u2019<\/span>\u3002\uff08\u6ce8\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u4e49\u9752\u5e74\u56e2\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5168\u56fd\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65f6\u5c40\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\uff0c\u674e\u4e49\u5f6c\u7f16\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u9752\u5e74\u515a\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c129\u9875\u3002\uff09 \u201d<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>

\u201c<\/span>\u9752\u5e74\u515a\u6cbf\u7528\u4e94\u56db\u65f6\u671f\u7684<\/span>\u2018<\/span>\u5916\u6297\u5f3a\u6743<\/span>\u2019<\/span>\u800c\u62d2\u7edd\u91c7\u7eb3<\/span>\u2018<\/span>\u6253\u5012\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span>\u2019<\/span>\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u610f\u5728\u8b66\u89c9<\/span>\u2018<\/span>\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span>\u2019<\/span>\u6982\u5ff5\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u9769\u547d\u89c2\u3002\u9752\u5e74\u515a\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u82cf\u4fc4\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684<\/span>\u2018<\/span>\u4e16\u754c\u9769\u547d<\/span>\u2019<\/span>\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u8d28\u662f<\/span>\u2018<\/span>\u4f7f\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5f31\u5c0f\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f52\u987a\u82cf\u4fc4<\/span>\u2019<\/span>\u3002\uff08\u6ce8\uff1a\u674e\u742f\u537f\uff1a\u300a\u8bba<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6253\u5012\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u53e3\u53f7\u4e0d\u9002\u5b9c\u4e8e\u4eca\u65e5\u4e2d\u56fd\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u9192\u72ee\u300b\u7b2c95\u53f7\uff081926\u5e748\u67087\u65e5\uff09\u3002\uff09\u6545\u9752\u5e74\u515a\u5bf9\u56fd\u3001\u5171\u6240\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684<\/span>\u2018<\/span>\u4e2d\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u9769\u547d\u4e00\u90e8\u5206<\/span>\u2019<\/span>\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u9887\u4e0d\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7136\u3002\uff08 \u738b\u5947\u751f \u300a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u9769\u547d<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u4e0e<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u53cd\u9769\u547d<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff1a\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e8c\u25cb\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e09\u5927\u653f\u515a\u7684\u515a\u9645\u4e92\u52a8\u300b\uff082016-02-19\uff09\u300a\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff09<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>

\u7531\u4e8e\u9650\u4e8e\u7bc7\u5e45\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\uff0c\u5bf9\u6b64\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u53ea\u80fd\u7565\u70b9\u5230\u4e3a\u81f3\uff0c\u4ee5\u540e\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u65f6\u518d\u7ee7\u7eed\u8bae\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u91cd\u70b9\u653e\u5728\u665a\u5e74\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u70b9\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u51b3\u6743\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>

\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6b50\u6230\u4ee5\u9084\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u6c7a\u4e4b\u7fa9\uff0c\u65e5\u6108\u660c\u660e\uff0c\u543e\u4eba\u7576\u4ecd\u672c\u6b64\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u5167\u4ee5\u4fc3\u5168\u570b\u6c11\u65cf\u4e4b\u9032\u5316\uff0c\u5916\u4ee5\u8b00\u4e16\u754c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e4b\u5e73\u7b49\u3002<\/span>\u201d<\/span> (<<\/span>\u4e2d\u570b\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\u5ba3\u8a00>.\u5168\u96c6\u7b2c \u518a<\/span>\u00b7<\/span> 1973 : 859)<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

\u70ba\u4f55\u8981\u4e3b\u5f35\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u6c7a\uff0c\u5b6b\u4e2d\u5c71\u5148\u751f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u5f31\u5c0f\u6c11\u65cf<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u77e5\u9053\u5e73\u65e5\u6240\u53d7\u7684\u75db\u82e6\uff0c \u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u5e1d\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9;\u73fe\u5728\u8981\u89e3\u9664\u75db\u82e6\uff0c\u6545\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u9664\u53bb\u5e1d\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f35\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u6c7a\u3002<\/span>\u201d<\/span> \u5373\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e3b\u5f35\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u5f31\u5c0f\u6c11\u65cf\u90fd\u80fd\u5920\u81ea\u6c7a\uff0c\u90fd\u80fd\u5920\u81ea\u7531\u3002<\/span>\u201d<\/span> (<<\/span>\u6c11\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9>\u7b2c\u56db\u8b1b \u5168\u96c6 \u518a<\/span>\u00b7<\/span> 1973 : 38)\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>

\u5217\u5b81\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u51b3\u6743<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u662f\u4ed6\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6838\u5fc3<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u540d\u4e49\u4e0a\u662f\u9ad8\u558a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5404\u4e2a\u88ab\u538b\u8feb\u6c11\u65cf\u6709\u6446\u8131\u5f02\u65cf\u538b\u8feb\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u81ea\u5df1\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6743\u5229<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c \u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u62ab\u7740\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4e16\u754c\u9769\u547d\u5916\u8863<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5927\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u6700\u5927\u5316\uff0c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5217\u5b81\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u8d27\u771f\u4ef7\u5b9e\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002(\u5b5f\u6cf3\u65b0\uff1a\u300a\u5fc5\u987b\u6279\u5224\u5217\u5b81\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u51b3\u6743<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7406\u8bba\u300b )<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>

\u201c<\/span>\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u662f\u5217\u5b81\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\uff0c\u539f\u610f\u6307\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u9636\u6bb5\u30021922\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u6297\u534e\u76db\u987f\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u5171\u4ea7\u56fd\u9645\u5728\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u53ec\u5f00<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8fdc\u4e1c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u8fd0\u52a8\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5c31\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u7684\u53cd\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6027\u8d28<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>

\u201c<\/span>\u5217\u5b81\u7684<\/span>\u2018<\/span>\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u51b3\u6743<\/span>\u2019<\/span>\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u51b3\u6743\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u90fd\u5bf9\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u4ea7\u751f\u8fc7\u91cd\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u3002 \u65e9\u5728\u4e2d\u5171\u7b79\u5efa\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u5c31\u4e0e\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4eba\u6709\u8fc7\u63a5\u89e6\u548c\u4ea4\u5f80\u30021920\u5e74\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u4f1a\u89c1\u5171\u4ea7\u56fd\u9645\u8fdc\u4e1c\u5c40\u6d3e\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u6765\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f7f\u8005\u7ef4\u91d1\u65af\u57fa\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u9648\u72ec\u79c0\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u30021921\u5e74\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u5728\u6842\u6797\u65f6\uff0c\u66fe\u4e0e\u966a\u540c\u9a6c\u6797\u524d\u5f80\u7684\u5f20\u592a\u96f7\u8be6\u7ec6\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u52a8\u5458\u5e7f\u5927\u9752\u5e74\u53c2\u52a0\u9769\u547d\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u521a\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u505a\u597d\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u30021922\u5e748\u6708\u4e0b\u65ec\uff0c\u4ea6\u5c31\u662f\u9648\u70af\u660e\u53db\u53d8\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u3001\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u4ece\u5e7f\u5dde\u56de\u5230\u4e0a\u6d77\u540e\u51e0\u5929\uff0c\u53d7\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u7684\u59d4\u6d3e\uff0c\u674e\u5927\u948a\u4e13\u7a0b\u8d76\u5230\u4e0a\u6d77\u548c\u4ed6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u591a\u6b21\u4ea4\u8c08\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u632f\u5174\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4ee5\u632f\u5174\u4e2d\u56fd<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7b49\u79cd\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u674e\u5927\u948a\u7684\u5e7f\u535a\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5bf9\u5f62\u52bf\u7684\u7cbe\u8f9f\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u771f\u8bda\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u6df1\u5f97\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u7684\u597d\u611f\u3001\u6709\u65f6\u4e00\u8c08\u5c31\u662f\u597d\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u51e0\u4e4e\u5fd8\u98df<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u4e0e\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u7684\u4ea4\u8c08\u4e2d\uff0c\u674e\u5927\u948a\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u8c08\u5230\u521a\u521a\u95ed\u5e55\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5168\u56fd\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f1a\u8bae\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u56fd\u9645\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u51b3\u8bae\u6848\u300b\u548c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5168\u56fd\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u674e\u5927\u948a\u8fd8\u6b63\u5728\u6784\u601d\u548c\u5199\u4f5c\u300a\u5e73\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u300b\u4e00\u6587\uff0c\u5728\u6587\u4e2d\u674e\u5927\u948a\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u5404\u6c11\u65cf\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4eca\u540e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6c49\u3001\u6ee1\u3001\u8499\u3001\u56de\u3001\u85cf\u4e94\u5927\u65cf\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u5176\u4ed6\u56db\u65cf\u4f5c\u90a3\u4e00\u65cf\u7684\u96b6\u5c5e<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002(\u674e\u5927\u948a\uff1a\u300a\u5e73\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u7edf\u6218\u90e8\uff1a\u300a\u6c11\u65cf\u95ee\u9898\u6587\u732e\u6c47\u7f16\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u515a\u6821\u51fa\u7248\u793e1991\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c56\u9875\u3002) 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\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>

\u674e\u514b\u5efa\u5728\u897f\u5357\u6c11\u65cf\u5b66\u9662\u5b66\u62a5\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u300a\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u8ff0\u8bba\u300b\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff0c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u5bf9\u5217\u5b81\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u51b3\u7406\u8bba\u975e\u5e38\u8d5e\u8d4f\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c<\/span>\u2018<\/span>(<\/span>\u5217\u5b81)\u63d0\u5021\u88ab\u538b\u8feb\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u53bb\u81ea\u51b3\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u88ab\u538b\u8feb\u7684\u4eba\u6253\u4e0d\u5e73<\/span>\u2019<\/span>\u3002(\u300a\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u9009\u96c6\u300b(\u4e8c)M\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c40\uff0c1981) \u5728\u6b64\u5f71\u54cd\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u4e5f<\/span>\u2018<\/span>\u627f\u8ba4\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ee5\u5185\u5404\u6c11\u65cf\u4e4b\u81ea\u51b3\u6743<\/span>\u2019<\/span>\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u63a8\u7ffb\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u53ca\u5176\u8d70\u72d7\u5c01\u5efa\u519b\u9600\u653f\u6743\u540e\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u7531\u7edf\u4e00\u7684(\u5404\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u7531\u8054\u5408\u7684)\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u3002<\/span>\u201d<\/span>(<\/span>\u300a\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u9009\u96c6\u300b(\u4e0b)\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1956)<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>

\u7b14\u8005\u7684\u70b9\u8bc4\uff1a\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u9898\u5199\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e16\u754c\u6f6e\u6d41\uff0c\u6d69\u6d69\u8361\u8361\uff0c\u987a\u4e4b\u5219\u660c\uff0c\u9006\u4e4b\u5219\u4ea1\uff01<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u8fd9\u53e5\u8b66\u4e16\u540d\u8a00\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u5bb6\u55bb\u6237\u6653\u7684\u4e86\u3002\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u5728\u8868\u8ff0\u81ea\u5df1\u9769\u547d\u4e3b\u5f20\u65f6\uff0c\u603b\u559c\u6b22\u4ece<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u65f6\u4ee3<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3001<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e16\u754c<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3001<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5404\u56fd<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3001<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8fd1\u4e16<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3001<\/span>\u201c<\/span>20<\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3001<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u52bf<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3001<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e16\u754c\u6f6e\u6d41<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7b49\u89c6\u89d2\u7acb\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u8bf4\u662f\u9876\u5c16\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u4e86\u3001\u9876\u5c16\u9884\u8a00\u5bb6\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u6c11\u56fd\u5efa\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u518d\u5730\u8ba4\u5b9a\u9769\u547d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e4b\u8fdb\u5316<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8fd1\u4e16\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u9769\u547d\u98ce\u6f6e\u78c5\u7934\u4e8e\u6b27\uff0c\u6e10\u6e0d\u4e8e\u7f8e\uff0c\u6ce2\u8361\u4e8e\u4e1c\u4e9a\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u6c11\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u6c11\u751f\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4e43\u7531\u78e8\u783b\u800c\u6108\u8fdb\u4e8e\u5149\u660e\uff0c\u7531\u589e\u76ca\u800c\u6108\u8d8b\u4e8e\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u6b64\u4e16\u754c\u6240\u540c\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4e00\u9685\u6240\u80fd\u5916\u8005\u3002\u6211\u56fd\u5f53\u6b64\uff0c\u4ea6\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u6fc0\u52b1\u594b\u53d1\uff0c\u4e8e\u9769\u547d\u53f2\u4e0a\u5f00\u4e00\u65b0\u7eaa\u5143\u77e3\u3002<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u300a\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u5168\u96c6\u300b\uff08\u7b2c7\u5377\uff09[M].\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c40\uff0c1985(P1)\uff09\u7279\u522b\u8df7\u8e4a\u7684\u662f\u5728\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\u540e\uff0c\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u53c8\u4e00\u6b21\u5730\u9002\u5e94\u4e86\u65f6\u52bf\u548c\u6f6e\u6d41\u7684\u53d8\u52a8\uff0c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u53ca\u65f6\u5730<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\uff0c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6cd5\u3001\u7f8e\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7686\u65e7\u5f0f\u7684\uff0c\u4eca\u65e5\u60df\u4fc4\u56fd\u4e3a\u65b0\u5f0f\u7684\uff0c\u543e\u4eba\u4eca\u65e5\u5f53\u9020\u6210\u4e00\u6700\u65b0\u5f0f\u4e4b\u5171\u548c\u56fd\uff0c<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u5168\u96c6\uff08\u7b2c6\u5377\uff09[M].\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c40\uff0c1985.(P56)\u3002\uff09\u3000\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u5728\u590d\u51fd\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u65f6\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6211\u515a\u4eca\u540e\u4e4b\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u975e\u4ee5\u4fc4\u4e3a\u5e08\uff0c\u65ad\u65e0\u6210\u5c31\u3002<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u300a\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u5148\u751f\u624b\u672d\u58a8\u8ff9\u300b\u300b\uff09\u00a0\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u81ea\u8d1f\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5148\u77e5\u5148\u89c9<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u8005\u4e2d\u7684\u6c38\u4e45\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4eba\uff0c\u76ee\u4e2d\u65e0\u4eba\uff0c\u7765\u7768\u8bf8\u5bb6\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4e3a\u5176\u6240\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u653f\u654c\u7684\u6240\u8c13<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u519b\u9600<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u5982\u9648\u70af\u660e\u3001\u5434\u4f69\u5b5a\u3001\u5f20\u4f5c\u9716\u3001\u6bb5\u797a\u745e\u4e4b\u6d41\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u6216\u8005\u5206\u9053\u626c\u9573\u8005\u5982\u7ae0\u592a\u708e\u3001\u51af\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u5f92\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u66fe\u7ecf\u4e0e\u5176\u5507\u67aa\u820c\u5251\u8fc7\u7684\u7ef4\u65b0\u6d3e\u5982\u6881\u542f\u8d85\u3001\u5f20\u541b\u52a2\u4e4b\u8f88\uff0c\u662f\u600e\u6837\u5730\u8ba4\u8bc6\u82cf\u4fc4\u653f\u6743\u7684\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9f20\u8f88\u4eec\u5404\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5206\u6790\u82cf\u4fc4\u653f\u6743\u7684\u65b9\u4f4d\u3001\u5c42\u6b21\uff0c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u89c6\u5434\u9b4f\u8bf8\u4eba\uff0c\u539f\u5982\u65e0\u7269\uff0c<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u5927\u641e\u8d77\u8054\u82cf\u5bb9\u5171\uff0c\u5f15\u72fc\u5165\u5ba4\uff0c\u7978\u5bb3\u534e\u590f\u3002\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u8fd9\u4f4d\u9876\u5c16\u9884\u8a00\u5bb6\u7684\u9769\u547d\u8054\u82cf\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u6f6e\u6d41\u9884\u8a00\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4ee3\u4eba\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff081991\u5e74\uff09\u8fc7\u540e\uff0c\u4fbf\u8d3b\u7b11\u4e8e\u5929\u4e0b\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>

\u4e5f\u8bb8\u6709\u4eba\u4f1a\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5386\u53f2\u5730<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u770b\u5f85\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u91cd\u5927\u8bef\u5224\u3002\u597d\u5427\uff0c\u90a3\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u770b\u770b\u5f53\u65f6\u4eba\u53c8\u662f\u600e\u6837\u770b\u5f85\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u8054\u82cf\u5bb9\u5171\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>

\u7b14\u8005\u5c31\u8bb2\u4e00\u4e2a\u9769\u547d\u7ae5\u5b50\u51af\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u52a0\u4e0a\u7b14\u8005\u7684\u8bc4\u6ce8\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>

1895<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c14\u5c81\u7684\u51af\u81ea\u7531\u52a0\u5165\u5174\u4e2d\u4f1a\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5e74\u9f84\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u4f1a\u5458\uff0c\u6709\u9769\u547d\u7ae5\u5b50\u4e4b\u79f0\u3002 \u8f9b\u4ea5\u9769\u547d\u540e\uff0c\u51af\u81ea\u7531\u66fe\u4efb\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u5148\u751f\u673a\u8981\u79d8\u4e66\uff0c \u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5728\u5e7f\u5dde\u53ec\u5f00\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5168\u56fd\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6539\u7ec4\uff0c\u5b59\u6587\u63d0\u51fa\u8054\u4fc4\u5bb9\u5171\u6848\uff0c\u51af\u81ea\u7531\u4f5c\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6d77\u5916\u4ee3\u8868<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u529b\u6301\u53cd\u5bf9\u3002\u51af\u81ea\u7531\u66fe\u5728\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u5bf9\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u603b\u7406\uff0c\u6211\u540d\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u81ea\u7531\u53d1\u8a00\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u603b\u7406\u5c0a\u91cd\u6211\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff01<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u70b9\u5934\u9053\uff0c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4f60\u60f3\u8bf4\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8bf4\u3002<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u51af\u81ea\u7531\u5c31\u8bf4\uff0c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u6539\u7ec4\u6210\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\uff0c\u628a\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u7edf\u4e00\u6210\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u9769\u547d\u5373\u4f7f\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b \uff01<\/span>\u201d<\/span>(<\/span>\u51af\u81ea\u7531\u4e00\u9488\u89c1\u8840\u5730\u9053\u51fa\u8054\u82cf\u5bb9\u5171\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u95ee\u9898\u6240\u5728\uff0c\u5e76\u8bb2\u51fa\u4e86\u4ebf\u4e07\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u5fc3\u58f0\uff0c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u9769\u547d\u5373\u4f7f\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b \u201d\uff01\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b8c\u5168\u6210\u529f\u4e86\u7684\u9769\u547d\u5c31\u662f\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c1949\u81f31976\u5e74\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u4e00\u4e00\u7b14\u8005\u8bc4\u6ce8\u3002)\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u56de\u7b54\u8bf4\uff0c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u554a\uff01\u51af\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5440?\uff01 \u653e\u5fc3\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c0a\u91cd\u4f60\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u82e5\u4e0d\u8d5e\u6210\u6539\u7ec4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9000\u51fa\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5440\uff01\u8fd9\u662f\u4f60\u4eec\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u554a\uff01<\/span>\u201d<\/span> \u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u505c\u4e86\u4e00\u4f1a\uff0c\u53c8\u65a9\u9489\u622a\u94c1\u5730\u8bf4 \u201c\u4f60\u4eec\u82e5\u4e0d\u8d5e\u6210\u6539\u7ec4\uff0c\u53c8\u4e0d\u613f\u9000\u51fa\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u6765\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u6563\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\uff0c\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u53bb\u52a0\u5165\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u6211\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff01<\/span>\u201d<\/span>(<\/span>\u8bf7\u8bf8\u4f4d\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e86<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u515a\u5f92\u5e94\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u670d\u4ece\u515a\u9996<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e86\u3002\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u59cb\u7ec8\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u9769\u547d\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u552f\u4e00\uff08\u5d07\u9ad8\u4f1f\u5927\uff09\u4e4b\u9886\u8896<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6211\u662f\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e13\u5236\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u5171\u548c\u3001\u9996\u5021\u800c\u5b9e\u884c\u4e4b\u8005\u3002\u5982\u79bb\u5f00\u6211\u800c\u8bb2\u5171\u548c\uff0c\u8bb2\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u5357\u8f95\u800c\u5317\u5176\u8f99\u3002\u2026\u2026\u5e94\u8be5\u76f2\u4ece\u6211\uff01<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u300a\u5c45\u6b63\u6587\u96c6\u300b\u7b2c207\u9875\uff0c\u534e\u4e2d\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e1989\u5e74\u6b66\u6c49\u7248\u3002\uff09\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u751f\u6b7b\u4e0d\u6e1d\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u631a\u53cb\u5bab\u5d0e\u6ed4\u5929\u5199\u9053\uff1a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5b59\u5148\u751f\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u5473\u9053\uff1a\u2018\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u90fd\u4e0d\u884c\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u6211\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u884c\uff0c\u6211\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6551\u661f\uff0c\u670d\u4ece\u6211\u8005\u8bf7\u6765\u3002\u2019\u201d\uff08\u300a\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u5e74\u8c31\u957f\u7f16\u300b\u7b2c849-950\u9875\uff0c\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c401991\u5e74\u5317\u4eac\u7248\u3002\uff09\uff08\u5f15\u81ea\u4e8e\u8881\u4f1f\u65f6\u300a\u8f9b\u4ea5\u9769\u547d\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u9677\u9631\u300b\uff09\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u6765\u8bc4\u5224\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u548c\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5462?\u8fd9\u5c31\u8bf7\u8bf8\u4f4d\u7565\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5f85\u6211\u5c06\u51af\u81ea\u7531\u8bb2\u5b8c\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u518d\u56de\u6765\u4f5c\u4e00\u756a\u8bc4\u5224\u3002\u4e00\u4e00\u7b14\u8005\u8bc4\u6ce8\u3002\uff09<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>

\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5143\u8001\u51af\u81ea\u7531\u66fe\u56de\u5fc6\u8bf4\uff0c1924\u5e742\u670816\u65e5\u665a\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u5728\u5927\u672c\u8425\u66fe\u5bf9\u4ed6\u58f0\u79f0\uff1a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5373\u662f\u53cd\u5bf9\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u5373\u662f\u53cd\u5bf9\u672c\u515a\u4e4b\u6c11\u751f\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4fbf\u5373\u662f\u7834\u574f\u7eaa\u5f8b\uff0c\u7167\u515a\u7ae0\u5e94\u5f53\u9769\u9664\u515a\u7c4d\u6216\u67aa\u6bd9\u3002<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u300a\u51af\u81ea\u7531\u81f4\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u5148\u751f\u51fd\u7a3f\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u300a\u6863\u6848\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u300b1986\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f\u3002\uff09 \u201c\u82e5\u4f9d\u4fc4\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u5173\u8d77\u6765<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff081982\u5e742\u6708\u53f0\u6e7e\u300a\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u300b\u7b2c27\u671f\uff0c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u51af\u81ea\u7531\u5148\u751f\u767e\u5e74\u8bde\u8fb0<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u53e3\u8ff0\u5386\u53f2\u5ea7\u8c08\u4f1a\u9ec4\u5b63\u9646\u7684\u53d1\u8a00\uff0c\u987570\uff09\uff01 <\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

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<\/span><\/p>

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\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>

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\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>

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\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>

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\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>

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\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>

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\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>

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\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>

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\u00a0<\/p>

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\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>

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\u00a0<\/p>

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\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>

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\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>

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\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>

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\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>

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\u00a0<\/p>

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\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>

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\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>

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\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>

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\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>

1911<\/span>\u5e7412\u670830\u65e5\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e8e\u524d\u4e00\u5929\u5f53\u9009\u4e3a\u4e34\u65f6\u5927\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\uff0c\u4eb2\u81ea\u4e3b\u6301\u5b9a\u7a3f\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u540c\u76df\u4f1a\u610f\u89c1\u4e66\u300b\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u867d\u7136\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u91c7\u7528<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8bad\u653f<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u4e8c\u5b57\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6240\u5f20\u626c\u7684\u6070\u6070\u662f\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u6b64\u540e\u4e00\u76f4\u575a\u6301\u7684\u4ee5\u4e2d\u897f\u5408\u74a7\u7684\u4e09\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u4e94\u6743\u5baa\u6cd5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fdc\u671f\u76ee\u6807;\u4ee5\u592a\u4e0a\u7687\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u4eba\u8bad\u515a\u3001\u4e00\u515a\u8bad\u653f\u3001\u515a\u5728\u56fd\u4e0a\u7684\u515a\u56fd\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ece\u4e8b\u9769\u547d\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u8fd1\u671f\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u4e13\u6743\u8bad\u653f\u65b9\u7565\u3002\u5728\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u773c\u91cc\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u59a8\u5bb3\u4ed6\u51fa\u4efb\u4e34\u65f6\u5927\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u7eca\u811a\u77f3\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5927\u6e05\u738b\u671d<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u864f\u5de2\u5c1a\u5728<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u5f02\u65cf<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u9791\u864f<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u53ca\u5176<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5143\u51f6<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9769\u547d\u9635\u8425\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u540c\u76df\u4f1a\u5185\u90e8<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5192\u6258\u865a\u58f0\uff0c\u6df7\u8ff9\u67a2\u8981<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8d25\u7c7b<\/span>\u201d\u201c<\/span>\u6c49\u5978\u6ee1\u5974<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8d25\u7c7b<\/span>\u201d\u201c<\/span>\u6c49\u5978\u6ee1\u5974<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u540c\u76df\u4f1a\u5185\u90e8<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5192\u6258\u865a\u58f0\uff0c\u6df7\u8ff9\u67a2\u8981<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u5b8b\u6559\u4ec1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5149\u590d\u4f1a\u526f\u4f1a\u957f\u9676\u6210\u7ae0\u548c\u5149\u590d\u4f1a\u519b\u4e8b\u9996\u9886\u674e\u71ee\u548c\u7b49\u4eba\u6781\u5176\u4e25\u5389\u7684\u8b66\u544a\u3002\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>

\u5728\u9886\u5bfc\u6c11\u56fd\u653f\u6743\u5efa\u8bbe\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u66fe\u4e09\u6b21\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fa7\u9762\u53cd\u5e94\u4e86\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u7684\u653f\u4f53\u4e3b\u5f20\u30021911\u5e74\u6b66\u660c\u8d77\u4e49\u7206\u53d1\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u5168\u56fd\u5148\u540e\u670914\u4e2a\u7701\u5ba3\u5e03\u72ec\u7acb\u3002\u968f\u7740\u5f62\u52bf\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u6446\u5230\u4e86\u9769\u547d\u6d3e\u7684\u8bae\u4e8b\u65e5\u7a0b\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u3001\u9ec4\u5174\u4e3b\u5f20\u603b\u7edf\u5236\uff0c\u5b8b\u6559\u4ec1\u3001\u7ae0\u592a\u708e\u3001\u5218\u63c6\u4e00\u4e3b\u5f20\u5185\u9601\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>

\u9a6c\u52c7\u5728\u300a\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u7684\u618b\u5c48\u548c\u522b\u626d\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff0c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5f53\u5929\uff0812\u670826\u65e5\uff09\u665a\uff0c\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u4e3b\u6301\u53ec\u5f00\u540c\u76df\u4f1a\u6700\u9ad8\u5e72\u90e8\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba\u5373\u5c06\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u65b0\u653f\u5e9c\u6743\u529b\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u5f53\u4e34\u65f6\u5927\u603b\u7edf\u5df2\u7ecf\u5185\u5b9a\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5373\u4fbf\u5b8b\u6559\u4ec1\u7b49\u6781\u4e2a\u522b\u7ee7\u7eed\u575a\u6301\u5185\u9601\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u8fd8\u662f\u6210\u529f\u529d\u8bf4\u5b8b\u6559\u4ec1\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e3b\u5f20\u3002\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u4e3a\u6b64\u53cd\u590d\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a\u5185\u9601\u5236\u65ad\u975e\u76ee\u524d\u975e\u5e38\u65f6\u4ee3\u6240\u76f8\u5b9c\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u4e0d\u7ba1\u8c01\u5f53\u603b\u7edf\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u65e2\u8ba9\u4ed6\u53bb\u5f53\u603b\u7edf\uff0c\u53c8\u60f3\u65b9\u8bbe\u6cd5\u4ece\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53bb\u6000\u7591\u8fd9\u552f\u4e00\u7f6e\u4fe1\u4e4b\u4eba\u3002\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u8fd8\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u6211\u4e0d\u80af\u542c\u4ece\u5404\u4f4d\u7684\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u81ea\u5c45\u4e8e\u795e\u5723\u8d58\u75a3\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bef\u9769\u547d\u5927\u8ba1\u3002\u8fd9\u8bdd\u8bf4\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u5766\u7136\uff0c\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u663e\u7136\u662f\u5728\u5411\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u5fd7\u644a\u724c\uff1a\u5404\u4f4d\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u575a\u6301\u5185\u9601\u5236\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8bf7\u81ea\u4fbf\uff0c\u5144\u5f1f\u5c31\u4e0d\u966a\u4f60\u4eec\u73a9\u4e86\u3002<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>

\u201c<\/span>\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u6df1\u523b\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u9ec4\u5174\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u9ec4\u5174\u4ece\u633d\u7559\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u4e0a\u53cd\u590d\u529d\u8bf4\u5b8b\u6559\u4ec1\u8c26\u8ba9\uff0c\u529d\u8bf4\u4ed6\u53d6\u6d88\u63d0\u8bae\u3002\u5728\u9ec4\u5174\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u65bd\u538b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b8b\u6559\u4ec1\u4ece\u5927\u5c40\u7740\u60f3\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8ba9\u6b65\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u65b0\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u5c31\u5b8c\u5168\u91c7\u7eb3\u4e86\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u5b9e\u884c\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u3002<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>

\u201c<\/span>\u8f9b\u4ea5\u9769\u547d\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\uff0c\u6c11\u56fd\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u51c6\u5907\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u8d44\u6e90\u53ca\u653f\u6cbb\u67b6\u6784\u7edf\u7edf\u88ab\u5f03\u4e4b\u5982\u655d\u5c63\u3002\u8fd9\u600e\u80fd\u4e0d\u8ba9\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u611f\u5230\u618b\u5c48\u548c\u522b\u626d\uff1f<\/span>\u201d<\/span> <\/p>


<\/span>1912<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u5357\u4eac\u4e34\u65f6\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u5236\u5b9a\u300a\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u4e34\u65f6\u7ea6\u6cd5\u300b\u65f6\uff0c\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u8d5e\u540c\u5b9e\u884c\u5185\u9601\u5236\uff0c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u73b0\u5c31\u4e2d\u56fd\u60c5\u5f62\u8bba\u4e4b\uff0c\u4ee5\u5185\u9601\u5236\u5ea6\u4e3a\u4f73<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u5357\u5317\u8bae\u548c\u5373\u5c06\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u5373\u5c06\u8ba9\u4f4d\u4e8e\u8881\u4e16\u51ef\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4ece\u7ea6\u6cd5\u4e0a\u5236\u7ea6\u8881\u4e16\u51ef\uff0c\u4fdd\u4f4f\u8f9b\u4ea5\u9769\u547d\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u679c\u5b9e\uff0c\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u624d\u8d5e\u6210\u653f\u4f53\u53d8\u66f4\u3002\u5b8b\u6559\u4ec1\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u6e56\u5357\u4eba\uff0c\u5014\u5f3a\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u4ee5\u8881\u4e16\u51ef\u4e3a\u603b\u7edf\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u300a\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u4e34\u65f6\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6cd5\u8349\u6848\u300b\u91cc\uff0c\u4ecd\u4e00\u79c9<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5185\u9601\u5236<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u5b89\u6392\u3002 \u5728\u540c\u76df\u4f1a\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u9ad8\u5c42\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4f1a\u8bae\u540c\u610f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6539\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u4e3a\u5185\u9601\u5236<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff1b\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u53c2\u8bae\u9662\u5728\u4e3e\u884c\u5ba1\u8bae\u4f1a\u65f6\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5b9e\u884c\u8d23\u4efb\u5185\u9601\u5236<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff1b\u5e76\u4e14\u589e\u6dfb\u4e86\u66f4\u4e3a\u4e25\u5389\u7684\u6761\u6b3e\uff1a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4efb\u547d\u56fd\u52a1\u5458\u987b\u5f97\u53c2\u8bae\u9662\u540c\u610f\u3002<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5178\u578b\u5185\u9601\u5236\uff0c\u5bf9\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u9650\u6743\u6761\u6b3e\u2014\u2014\u201c\u56fd\u52a1\u5458\u4e8e\u4e34\u65f6\u5927\u603b\u7edf\u516c\u5e03\u6cd5\u5f8b\u53ca\u6709\u5173\u653f\u52a1\u4e4b\u5236\u4ee4\u65f6\u987b\u526f\u7f72\u4e4b<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u4ea6\u660e\u5217\u5176\u95f4\u3002 <\/span><\/p>

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>

\u5185\u9601\u5236\u3001\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u4e00\u53d8\u518d\u53d8\uff0c\u674e\u5251\u519c\u5148\u751f\u7684\u6279\u5224\u6781\u5176\u6df1\u523b\uff1a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8fd9\u79cd\u62d8\u4e8e\u4e00\u65f6\u73af\u5883\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u2018\u5bf9\u4eba\u7acb\u6cd5\u2019\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\uff1b\u5bf9\u4eba\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8d5e\u8bb8\u7684\uff1b\u56e0\u4e3a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5927\u67ad\u96c4\uff0c\u4e0d\u80af\u628a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u653e\u5728\u773c\u5e95\uff0c\u5f92\u4f7f\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\uff0c\u5931\u53bb\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd0\u7528\u5e94\u6709\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8(\u540e\u6765\u7ea6\u6cd5\u5c61\u906d\u7834\u6bc1\uff0c\u534a\u7531\u4e8e\u8881\u6c0f\u548c\u5317\u6d0b\u519b\u9600\u7684\u8dcb\u6248\uff0c\u4ea6\u534a\u7531\u4e8e\u7ea6\u6cd5\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u4e0d\u826f)\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u53c2\u8bae\u5458\uff0c\u5927\u90fd\u4e0d\u660e\u767d\u8fd9\u79cd\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u53ea\u8981\u662f\u9ed1\u5b57\u5199\u5728\u767d\u7eb8\u4e0a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8bae\u4f1a\u591a\u6570\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u795e\u5723\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u538b\u5236\u4e00\u5207\u6076\u9b54\uff0c\u4fbf\u5982\u94c1\u7b3c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u5fa1\u4e00\u5207\u731b\u517d\u3002<\/span>\u201d<\/span> <\/p>

\u3000\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>

\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u5148\u751f\u575a\u6301\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u7684\u7406\u7531\u662f\uff1a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u543e\u4eba\u4e0d\u80fd\u5bf9\u4e8e\u60df\u4e00\u7f6e\u4fe1\u63a8\u4e3e\u4e4b\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u590d\u8bbe\u9632\u5236\u4e4b\u6cd5\u5ea6\u3002<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u8881\u4e16\u51ef\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u60df\u4e00\u7f6e\u4fe1\u63a8\u4e3e\u4e4b\u4eba<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5f03\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u800c\u62e9\u5185\u9601\u5236\u3002\u53ea\u662f\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u6240\u9700\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6027\u4e92\u4fe1\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u3002 <\/span><\/p>

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>

1917<\/span>\u5e74\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u5e26\u9886\u90e8\u5206\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u5357\u4e0b\u5e7f\u5dde\u5f00\u5c55<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u62a4\u6cd5<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u4e8e9\u670810\u65e5\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u62a4\u6cd5\u519b\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u653f\u6743\u7684\u6839\u672c\u6cd5\u662f\u300a\u519b\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5927\u7eb2\u300b\u3002\u4f9d\u636e\u5927\u7eb2\uff0c\u519b\u653f\u5e9c\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u539f\u5219\u800c\u975e\u5185\u9601\u5236\u539f\u5219<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u73b0\u662f\uff0c\u519b\u653f\u5e9c\u91c7\u7528\u5927\u5143\u5e05\u5236\uff0c\u5927\u5143\u5e05\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u5143\u9996\uff0c\u5bf9\u5916\u4ee3\u8868\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5927\u5143\u5e05\u53c8\u662f\u884c\u653f\u9996\u8111\uff0c\u884c\u4f7f\u884c\u653f\u6743\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u7edf\u8f96\u5404\u90e8\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bbe\u56fd\u52a1\u603b\u7406\uff0c\u56fd\u52a1\u4ee5\u5927\u5143\u5e05\u4e3a\u6700\u9ad8\u4e3b\u5bb0\uff0c\u4e14\u5927\u5143\u5e05\u4e0d\u5bf9\u56fd\u4f1a\u975e\u5e38\u4f1a\u8bae\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>

1920<\/span>\u5e74\u7ca4\u519b\u56de\u7ca4\uff0c\u4ed6\u518d\u6b21\u6765\u5230\u5e7f\u5dde\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u65f6\u5c40\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u51b3\u5b9a\u5efa\u7acb\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u6b63\u5f0f\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4eff\u5357\u4eac\u653f\u5e9c\u529e\u6cd5\u5728\u5e7f\u4e1c\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e00\u6b63\u5f0f\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5185\u5bf9\u5916\u4e4b\u603b\u673a\u5173<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u30021921\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u56fd\u4f1a\u4e24\u9662\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u8bae\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u300a\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5927\u7eb2\u300b\u30025\u67085\u65e5\uff0c\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u5c31\u4efb\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u603b\u7edf\uff0c\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u6309\u7167\u5927\u7eb2\uff0c\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u8bbe\u5185\u9601\uff0c\u5927\u603b\u7edf\u603b\u63fd\u653f\u52a1\uff0c\u7edf\u7387\u6d77\u9646\u519b\uff0c\u53d1\u5e03\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4efb\u514d\u5305\u62ec\u884c\u653f\u5404\u90e8\u90e8\u957f\u5728\u5185\u7684\u6587\u6b66\u5b98\u540f\u4e0d\u987b\u56fd\u4f1a\u7684\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u987b\u526f\u7f72\uff0c\u5bf9\u5916\u4ee3\u8868\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7cfb\u91c7\u7528\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u539f\u5219<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3001<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>

1946<\/span>\u5e74\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5baa\u653f\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5e74\u3002<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5f53\u65f6\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5728\u5982\u4f55\u8c03\u548c\u5404\u515a\u9700\u8981\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u8981\u4e09\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5728\u91ce\u515a\u8981\u6b27\u7f8e\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u9752\u5e74\u515a\u8981\u8d23\u4efb\u5185\u9601\uff0c\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4e3b\u5f20\u53f8\u6cd5\u5236\u5ea6\u5404\u7701\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u8d38\u6613\u5730\u65b9\u5316<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>

\u201c<\/span>\u5f20\u541b\u52a2\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4ecd\u662f\u575a\u6301\u7279\u5b9a\u7406\u60f3\u5316\u610f\u56fe\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4eba\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5374\u53c8\u5177\u5907\u653f\u6cbb\u4eba\u5bf9\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u6e05\u9192\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u80fd\u6700\u7ec8\u8fbe\u6210\u65e2\u4e0d\u5931\u5baa\u653f\u672c\u4e49\uff0c\u53c8\u5177\u73b0\u5b9e\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5f20\u541b\u52a2\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u91c7\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c\u8f9b\u4ea5\u5e74\u6881\u542f\u8d85\u7b49\u4eba \u201c\u8054\u8881\u6170\u9769<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u624b\u8155\uff0c\u5468\u65cb\u4e8e\u5404\u6d3e\u4e4b\u95f4\uff1b\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u8fd0\u7528\u5176\u5baa\u6cd5\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u8fdb\u884c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u5c55\u5f00\u6cd5\u653f\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8c03\u548c\u3002<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>

\u7531\u5f20\u541b\u52a2\u8d77\u8349\u7684\u5baa\u8349\u4fee\u6539\u539f\u5219\u5341\u4e8c\u6761\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u56fd\u4f1a\u5236\u3001\u5185\u9601\u5236\u3001\u5747\u6743\u5236\u548c\u7701\u81ea\u6cbb\u5236\u7b49\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u540e\u7ecf\u8fc7\u591a\u65b9\u534f\u5546\uff0c\u591a\u6b21\u53cd\u590d\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u5baa\u8349\u7684\u539f\u672c\uff0c\u63d0\u4ea4\u56fd\u6c11\u5927\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>

\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u91c7\u7528\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u6240\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u5462\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u7531\u5b8b\u6559\u4ec1\uff0c\u6881\u542f\u8d85\u6240\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u5185\u9601\u5236?\u5982\u5f20\u541b\u52a2\u540e\u6765\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6700\u521d\u7684\u4e00\u661f\u671f\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u6d3e\u4e86\u4e13\u5bb6\u6765\u75db\u9a73\u653f\u534f\u5341\u4e8c\u70b9\uff0c\u5012\u662f\u5b59\u54f2\u751f\u8bf4\u4e86\uff1a\u5148\u603b\u7406\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5bf9\u7684\uff0c\u653f\u534f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u5bf9\u3002\u8fd9\u624d\u7b97\u606f\u6b62\u4e86\u6279\u8bc4\u3002<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>

\u5f20\u749f\u8d85\uff1a\u300a\u5236\u5baa\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u6743\u529b\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u77e5\u8bc6\u4eba\u2014\u2014\u4ee5\u5f20\u541b\u52a2\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5386\u53f2\u6784\u56fe\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\u8bc4\u8bba\u8bf4\uff0c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5c31\u6743\u529b\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6ce2\u8be1\u4e91\u8c32\u548c\u515a\u6d3e\u610f\u89c1\u7684\u590d\u6742\u96be\u5b9a\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5f20\u541b\u52a2\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u5c40\u9762\u5b9e\u4e0d\u4e9a\u4e8e\u6b27\u9646\u5baa\u653f\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u5236\u5baa\u8005\u4eec\u3002\u800c\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u5f20\u541b\u52a2\u5374\u4e5f\u8fbe\u5230\u5176\u65e9\u5e74\u7ecd\u4ecb\u9b4f\u739b\u5fb7\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u65f6\u66fe<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u53f9\u89c2\u6b62<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u8005\uff0c\u5373\u5728<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u540c\u4e00\u5baa\u6cd5<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u4e2d<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e00\u4e00\u517c\u5bb9\u5e76\u5305\u2026\u2026\u5404\u5f97\u5206\u613f\uff0c\u800c\u9650\u4e4b\u4ee5\u76f8\u5f53\u4e4b\u8303\u56f4<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7acb\u6cd5\u5bb6\u4e4b\u6280\u80fd<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5728\u5236\u5baa\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4e00\u73af\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u6210\u5c31\u3002<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>

\u201c<\/span>\u6b63\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5f20\u541b\u52a2\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u624d\u786e\u4fdd\u7ecf\u8fc7\u653f\u534f\u6c11\u4e3b\u5546\u5b9a\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u84dd\u56fe\u5f97\u4ee5\u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\uff0c\u5e76\u501f\u6b64\u4f7f\u5f97\u5baa\u6cd5\u89c4\u8303\u4e2d\u5e94\u7136\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u79e9\u5e8f\u5f97\u4ee5\u6b63\u5f0f\u786e\u7acb\uff0c\u4e3a\u540e\u4eba\u4e89\u53d6\u5baa\u6cd5\u79e9\u5e8f\u6548\u529b\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u5960\u5b9a\u6839\u672c\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u5f20\u541b\u52a2\u9664\u4e86\u5982\u6881\u6f31\u6e9f\u665a\u5e74\u56de\u5fc6\u4e2d\u6240\u8bf4<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8001\u5b9e\u5fe0\u539a<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u5730\u575a\u6301\u5baa\u653f\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u610f\u56fe\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u5177\u5907\u5c71\u6d9b\u5f0f\u7684\u624d\u5177\u9b44\u529b\u3002\u800c\u80cc\u540e\u6240\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u7684\u5219\u662f\u6881\u542f\u8d85\u6240\u8c13<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5728\u91ce\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u4f26\u7406\u548c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4fe1\u5b88\u4e0d\u903e<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u8bc6<\/span>\u201d\u201d<\/span><\/p>

\u3000\u3000<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

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