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\u3000\u3000\u5bf9\u4e8e\u82cf\u5171\u4e8c\u5341\u5927\u6279\u8bc4\u65af\u5927\u6797\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u548c\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u6700\u521d\u662f\u652f\u6301\u7684\u3002\u5728\u7531\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4e3b\u6301\u7684\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u6269\u5927\u4f1a\u8bae\u8ba8\u8bba\u901a\u8fc7\u3001\u4e8e1956\u5e744\u67085\u65e5\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4e13\u653f\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7ecf\u9a8c\u300b\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7b80\u79f0\u300a\u4e00\u8bba\u300b\uff09\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u662f\u8fc7\u53bb\u4eba\u7c7b\u957f\u65f6\u671f\u5386\u53f2\u6240\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u8150\u673d\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u3002\u201d[2](P230) \u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5e86\u795d\u82cf\u8054\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5728\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5386\u53f2\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u4e2d\u6240\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u6210\u5c31\u3002\u201d[2](P233) \u201c\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\uff0c\u662f\u5e94\u8be5\u7ecf\u5e38\u52a0\u4ee5\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u201d [2](P233)

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\u3000\u30001956\u5e74\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u53cd\u5192\u8fdb\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u52a0\u6df1\u4e86\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u62c5\u5fc3\u548c\u53cd\u611f\u3002

\u3000\u30001955\u5e74\u4e0b\u534a\u5e74\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u8bbe\u60f3\u8981\u52a0\u5feb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u4f46\u5468\u6069\u6765\u3001\u9648\u4e91\u7b49\u4eba\u4e0d\u8d5e\u540c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u5192\u8fdb\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u6162\u4e00\u70b9\u3001\u7a33\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u8ba1\u5212\u8981\u5b9e\u4e8b\u6c42\u662f\u30021956\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5728\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u63d0\u51fa\u5f53\u5e74\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5efa\u8bbe\u589e\u52a020\u4e2a\u4ebf\u7684\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u906d\u5230\u5426\u51b3\u3002\u636e\u9093\u529b\u7fa4\u56de\u5fc6\u8bf4\uff1a

\u3000\u30001956\u5e74\uff08\u56fd\u6c11\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8ba1\u5212\uff09\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u5efa\u8bbe\u641e\u5f97\u592a\u591a\u4e86\u3002\u5468\u603b\u7406\u641e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa1956\u5e74\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u8981\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5efa\u8bbe\u9879\u76ee\u8981\u538b\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u6301\u76f8\u53cd\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u538b\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u57281956\u5e744\u6708\u4e0b\u65ec\u7684\u9890\u5e74\u5802\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e89\u8bba\u76f8\u5f53\u6fc0\u70c8\u3002

\u3000\u3000\u636e\u6211\u540e\u6765\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u5c11\u5947\u662f\u652f\u6301\u603b\u7406\u610f\u89c1\u7684\u3002\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u8981\u589e\u52a0\u57fa\u672c\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u4e2d\u95f4\u901a\u4e0d\u8fc7\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u515a\u5185\u751f\u6d3b\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u672c\u6765\u662f\u5f88\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5efa\u56fd\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u6210\u4e3a\u5c11\u6570\u4e00\u65b9\u7684\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u5728\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u4e2d\u95f4\u901a\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7f55\u89c1\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e2a\u6027\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u7684\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u56e0\u4e3a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u662f\u5bf9\u7684\uff0c\u8981\u5f15\u8d77\u4e0d\u5feb\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u573a\u9762\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u8981\u53d7\u4e0d\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u751f\u6c14\u4e86\uff0c\u5ba3\u5e03\u6563\u4f1a\u3002\u6563\u4f1a\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u8f6c\u5934\u5c31\u5230\u5357\u65b9\u53bb\u4e86\u3002[3]

\u3000\u3000\u80e1\u4e54\u6728\u4e5f\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u56de\u5fc6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8bf4\uff1a

\u3000\u3000\u4f1a\u4e0a\u5c24\u4ee5\u6069\u6765\u540c\u5fd7\u53d1\u8a00\u6700\u591a\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8ffd\u52a0\u9884\u7b97\u5c06\u9020\u6210\u7269\u8d44\u4f9b\u5e94\u7d27\u5f20\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u57ce\u5e02\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c\u66f4\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u56f0\u96be\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u6700\u540e\u4ecd\u575a\u6301\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u5c31\u5ba3\u5e03\u6563\u4f1a\u3002\u4f1a\u540e\uff0c\u6069\u6765\u540c\u5fd7\u53c8\u4eb2\u81ea\u53bb\u627e\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff0c\u8bf4\u6211\u4f5c\u4e3a\u603b\u7406\uff0c\u4ece\u826f\u5fc3\u4e0a\u4e0d\u80fd\u540c\u610f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u4f7f\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u975e\u5e38\u751f\u6c14\u3002\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u5c31\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u5317\u4eac\u3002[4]

\u3000\u30006\u6708\uff0c\u7531\u5218\u5c11\u5947\u4e3b\u6301\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u4f1a\u8bae\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u65e2\u53cd\u4fdd\u5b88\u53c8\u5192\u8fdb\u7684\u65b9\u9488\u3002\u5218\u5c11\u5947\u8fd8\u8ba9\u4e2d\u5ba3\u90e8\u8d77\u8349\u4e86\u300a\u8981\u53cd\u5bf9\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u53cd\u5bf9\u6025\u8e81\u60c5\u7eea\u300b\u7684\u300a\u4eba\u6c11\u65e5\u62a5\u300b\u793e\u8bba\uff0c\u7ecf\u4ed6\u548c\u9646\u5b9a\u4e00\u3001\u80e1\u4e54\u6728\u5ba1\u5b9a\u540e\u4e8e6\u670820\u65e5\u53d1\u8868\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\u3002\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5728\u6536\u5230\u5218\u5c11\u5947\u9001\u6765\u7684\u793e\u8bba\u7a3f\u540e\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u6279\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b57\uff1a\u201c\u4e0d\u770b\u4e86\u201d\u3002\u540e\u6765\u5728\u5357\u5b81\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u5c16\u9510\u5730\u6279\u8bc4\u8bf4\uff1a\u8fd9\u7bc7\u793e\u8bba\uff0c\u65e2\u8981\u53cd\u53f3\u503e\u4fdd\u5b88\uff0c\u53c8\u8981\u53cd\u6025\u8e81\u5192\u8fdb\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u6709\u7406\u4e09\u6241\u62c5\uff0c\u65e0\u7406\u6241\u62c5\u4e09\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u91cd\u70b9\u662f\u53cd\u5192\u8fdb\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u793e\u8bba\u4e2d\u5f15\u7528\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u519c\u6751\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u9ad8\u6f6e\u300b\u5e8f\u8a00\u7684\u51e0\u53e5\u8bdd\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u53cd\u5192\u8fdb\uff0c\u201c\u662f\u7528\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u6765\u53cd\u5bf9\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u201d\u3002\u8fd8\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u793e\u8bba\u4e0a\u6279\u6ce8\uff1a\u201c\u5eb8\u4fd7\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u5eb8\u4fd7\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u5c16\u9510\u5730\u9488\u5bf9\u6211\u201d\u3002 [5](P661)

\u3000\u3000\u53cd\u5192\u8fdb\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f7f\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u6df1\u6df1\u611f\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u3001\u4e3b\u5f20\u5728\u515a\u5185\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u987a\u5229\u8d2f\u5f7b\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u963b\u529b\u3002\u5728\u5373\u5c06\u8fdb\u5165\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5168\u9762\u5efa\u8bbe\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5efa\u8bbe\u5373\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u662f\u610f\u5473\u6df1\u957f\u7684\u3002\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u628a\u53cd\u5192\u8fdb\u4e8b\u4ef6\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u719f\u6089\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u96c6\u56e2\u4f01\u56fe\u67b6\u7a7a\u4ed6\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u611f\u5230\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ea\u4f1a\u753b\u5708\u5708\u7684\u5080\u5121\u30021958\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4e3a\u6b64\u5728\u5357\u5b81\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u4ee5\u6279\u5206\u6563\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3a\u7531\u53d1\u6cc4\u4e86\u6ee1\u8154\u7684\u6028\u6c14\uff0c\u7528\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bdd\u8bf4\u662f\u201c\u5927\u95f9\u4e86\u4e00\u987f\u201d [6](P462)\u3002\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u5411\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u5927\u7684\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u6211\u6709\u4e24\u5e74\u6ca1\u770b\u4e86\u3002\u53ea\u7ed9\u6210\u54c1\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ed9\u539f\u6599\uff0c\u4e0d\u884c\u3002\u201d[7](P768) \u201c\u6211\u5bf9\u4ed8\u5206\u6563\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u662f\u6d88\u6781\u62b5\u6297\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u5c0f\u4f1a\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u5f53\u7740\u4f17\u4eba\u6279\u8bc4\u3002\u4e8b\u5148\u8981\u901a\u4e00\u70b9\u60c5\u62a5\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u8bf4\u6ca1\u6709\u641e\u597d\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5c01\u9501\u3002\u5f00\u4f1a\u524d\u5341\u5206\u949f\u628a\u6587\u4ef6\u62ff\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u8981\u4eba\u5bb6\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u72b6\u6001\u201d\u3002\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7279\u522b\u70b9\u660e\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4e0d\u662f\u653b\u51fb\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u653b\u51fb\u90e8\u957f\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5e72\u90e8\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u4e0b\u503e\u76c6\u5927\u96e8\u7684\u4eba\u201d\u3002 [7](P770) 1959\u5e744\u6708\u521d\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u53c8\u5728\u516b\u5c4a\u4e03\u4e2d\u5168\u4f1a\u4e0a\u4e13\u95e8\u8bb2\u4e86\u89e3\u9664\u5c01\u9501\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ed6\uff1a\u5c01\u9501\u5f97\u5389\u5bb3\uff0c\u7247\u7eb8\u53ea\u5b57\u90fd\u4e0d\u8ba9\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u3002\u675c\u52d2\u65af\u7684\u5c01\u9501\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u91cc\u8fb9\u4e5f\u6709\u3002\u4ed6\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u7ed9\u4f60\u53cd\u6620\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e0d\u6c47\u62a5\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bf7\u793a\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u8ba9\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u3002\u5f00\u4f1a\u524d\u4e00\u5929\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\u542c\u8bad\u3002\u540d\u66f0\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3001\u4e2d\u592e\u59d4\u5458\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u59d4\u5458\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u662f\u8dd1\u9f99\u5957\u800c\u5df2\u3002[6](P462-463)

\u3000\u3000\u9664\u4e86\u53cd\u5192\u8fdb\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8d2f\u5f7b\u4ed6\u7684\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u4eba\u6c11\u5185\u90e8\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u300b\u7684\u8bb2\u8bdd\u7cbe\u795e\u5728\u515a\u5185\u906d\u9047\u963b\u529b\u4e5f\u803f\u803f\u4e8e\u6000\u3002\u5728\u5357\u5b81\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u53d1\u7262\u9a9a\u8bf4\uff1a\u300a\u4eba\u6c11\u65e5\u62a5\u300b\u9769\u547d\u515a\u4e0d\u9769\u547d\u3002\u6211\u57281957\u5e742\u670827\u65e5\u6700\u9ad8\u56fd\u52a1\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u7684\u8bb2\u8bdd\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u6d3e\u62ff\u6211\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u5404\u53d6\u6240\u9700\uff0c\u300a\u4eba\u6c11\u65e5\u62a5\u300b\u95fb\u98ce\u4e0d\u52a8\uff0c\u5199\u4e00\u7bc7\u793e\u8bba\uff0c\u4ece\u6069\u683c\u65af\u8bb2\u8d77\u3002\u4e8c\u6708\u5f00\u59cb\u8c08\u5224\uff0c\u6211\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bb2\uff1a\u4f60\u4eec\u53c8\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u53c8\u4e0d\u8f9e\u804c\uff1f\u5341\u4e00\u6708\u4e8c\u4e2d\u5168\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e00\u6708\u7701\u59d4\u4e66\u8bb0\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u4e09\u6708\u5ba3\u4f20\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u9890\u5e74\u5802\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u90fd\u8bf4\u4e86\u4eba\u6c11\u5185\u90e8\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u5fe7\u8651\uff0c\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u6253\u4e0d\u52a8\u6709\u7684\u540c\u5fd7\u7684\u5fc3\u3002\u6211\u8bf4\u5341\u4e2a\u5e72\u90e8\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u62e5\u62a4\u6211\u5c31\u597d\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8bf4\u4e0d\u5bf9\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5730\u59d4\u526f\u4e66\u8bb0\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u5343\u4eba\u62e5\u62a4\u6211\u5c31\u597d\u4e86\u3002[8](P213-214)

\u3000\u3000\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5f3a\u5316\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5de9\u56fa\u4ed6\u5728\u515a\u5185\u5916\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u904f\u5236\u515a\u5185\u5916\u7684\u5927\u6279\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u56fd\u5185\u51fa\u73b0\u201c\u8d6b\u9c81\u6653\u592b\u201d\u3002

\u3000\u3000\u5728\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u64cd\u63a7\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u516b\u5927\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53cd\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u4f4e\u8c03\u7684\u3002\u4e0e\u534a\u5e74\u524d\u82cf\u5171\u4e8c\u5341\u5927\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u4e3a\u516b\u5927\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8bdd\u9898\uff0c\u4f17\u591a\u5927\u4f1a\u53d1\u8a00\u5bf9\u6b64\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u6d89\u53ca\u3002\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u867d\u7136\u4ee5\u7814\u7a76\u6267\u653f\u515a\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e3a\u91cd\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u662f\u9644\u5e26\u63d0\u53ca\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5e76\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u4e2d\u56fd\u515a\u5185\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u3002\u201c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u53e3\u5f84\u662f\uff1a\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u575a\u6301\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff1b\u4f46\u4e2d\u5171\u5f88\u65e9\u5c31\u6ce8\u610f\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6b63\u662f\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u81ea\u5df1\u53cd\u5bf9\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6b4c\u529f\u9882\u5fb7\uff1b\u9886\u8896\u662f\u9700\u8981\u70ed\u7231\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u65e2\u63a5\u8fc7\u4e86\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u53c8\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e86\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u5a01\u4fe1\uff0c\u5e76\u95f4\u63a5\u5730\u56de\u7b54\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u5426\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u8d28\u7591\u3002\u201d[1]\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u9ea6\u514b\u6cd5\u5938\u5c14\u6559\u6388\u5728\u8bfb\u4e86\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u540e\u5f97\u51fa\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u201c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u8c08\u5230\u56fd\u9645\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u65f6\uff0c\u5374\u634d\u536b\u4e86\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u201d[9]

\u3000\u3000\u5230\u4e861956\u5e7412\u670829\u65e5\u53d1\u8868\u300a\u518d\u8bba\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4e13\u653f\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7ecf\u9a8c\u300b\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7b80\u79f0\u300a\u518d\u8bba\u300b\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u5e72\u8106\u4e0d\u518d\u63d0\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u95ee\u9898\u4e86\u30021957\u5e743\u67081\u65e5\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u8d77\u8349\u300a\u518d\u8bba\u300b\u7684\u5eb7\u751f\u5728\u4ecb\u7ecd\u300a\u518d\u8bba\u300b\u65f6\u8bf4\uff1a\u300a\u518d\u8bba\u300b\u548c\u300a\u4e00\u8bba\u300b\u57fa\u672c\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u300a\u4e00\u8bba\u300b\u4e2d\u6709\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u300a\u518d\u8bba\u300b\u4e2d\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u63d0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e86\u3002[8](P402)\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ece1956\u5e74\u5e95\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u4e3b\u5f20\u7b3c\u7edf\u5730\u53cd\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u4e86\u3002

\u3000\u3000\u4e8c\u30011958\u5e74\u515a\u5185\u9ad8\u5c42\u5408\u529b\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u9020\u52bf

\u3000\u3000\u516b\u5c4a\u4e09\u4e2d\u5168\u4f1a\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f1958 \u5e74\u4e0a\u534a\u5e74\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9\u53c2\u4e0e\u53cd\u5192\u8fdb\u7684\u540c\u5fd7\u8fdb\u884c\u53cd\u51fb\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e25\u5389\u6279\u8bc4\u4e86\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4e0d\u641e\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u9488\u5bf9\u4ed6\u641e\u201c\u53cd\u5192\u8fdb\u201d\u7684\u5468\u6069\u6765\u3001\u9648\u4e91\u7b49\u4eba\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u5176\u4f5c\u51fa\u68c0\u8ba8\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e3a\u5f3a\u5316\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u5927\u9020\u8206\u8bba\u3002

\u3000\u30001958\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u5728\u5357\u5b81\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4e25\u5389\u6279\u8bc4\u4e86\u5468\u6069\u6765\u4e3b\u7ba1\u4e0b\u7684\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u7ecf\u6d4e\u90e8\u95e8\u641e\u5206\u6563\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u6b64\u7f16\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e3\u8bc0\uff1a\u201c\u5927\u6743\u72ec\u63fd\uff0c\u5c0f\u6743\u5206\u6563\uff1b\u515a\u59d4\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5404\u65b9\u53bb\u529e\uff1b\u529e\u4e5f\u6709\u51b3\uff0c\u4e0d\u79bb\u539f\u5219\uff1b\u5de5\u4f5c\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u515a\u59d4\u6709\u8d23\u3002\u201d\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u8c03\uff1a\u201c\u96c6\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u515a\u59d4\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u3001\u4e66\u8bb0\u5904\u3001\u5e38\u59d4\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u201d[7](P768)\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u6f5c\u53f0\u8bcd\u662f\uff1a\u53ea\u80fd\u4ee5\u4ed6\u672c\u4eba\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u6709\u522b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u4e0d\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4ed6\u7684\u8bb8\u53ef\u5c31\u64c5\u81ea\u884c\u4e8b\u5c31\u662f\u641e\u5206\u6563\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002

\u3000\u30003\u6708\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5728\u6210\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u660e\u786e\u63d0\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5d07\u62dc\uff0c\u5982\u5bf9\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u3001\u6069\u683c\u65af\u3001\u5217\u5b81\u3001\u65af\u5927\u6797\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5d07\u62dc\uff0c\u6c38\u8fdc\u5d07\u62dc\uff0c\u4e0d\u5d07\u62dc\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e86\u3002\u771f\u7406\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u624b\u91cc\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u5d07\u62dc\u5462\uff1f\u2026\u2026\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5d07\u62dc\uff0c\u4e0d\u52a0\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u76f2\u76ee\u670d\u4ece\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u4e0d\u5bf9\u4e86\u3002\u201d [7](P793)\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u533a\u5206\u201c\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5d07\u62dc\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5d07\u62dc\u201d\uff0c\u771f\u5b9e\u610f\u56fe\u662f\u8981\u9f13\u52b1\u5bf9\u4ed6\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u5d07\u62dc\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u771f\u7406\u5728\u4ed6\u624b\u91cc\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u5d07\u62dc\u5462\uff1f\u65e2\u7136\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u771f\u7406\u7684\u5316\u8eab\uff0c\u5408\u4e4e\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u5c31\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\uff1a\u5bf9\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u201c\u5fc5\u987b\u5d07\u62dc\uff0c\u6c38\u8fdc\u5d07\u62dc\uff0c\u4e0d\u5d07\u62dc\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e86\u201d\u3002

\u3000\u3000\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u4e00\u4e8b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u8bb3\u8a00\u3002\u5728\u6210\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\uff0c\u9648\u4f2f\u8fbe\u6709\u4e2a\u957f\u7bc7\u53d1\u8a00\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8bb2\u5230\u738b\u660e\u8bf4\u5ef6\u5b89\u6574\u98ce\uff0c\u641e\u51fa\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u3002\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u63d2\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8bf4\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u5c31\u662f\u5d07\u62dc\u6211\u3002\u4e0d\u5d07\u62dc\u6211\u5c31\u5d07\u62dc\u4ed6\u3002\u6211\u770b\uff0c\u5d07\u62dc\u6211\u597d\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u201d[10](P212)\u9648\u4f2f\u8fbe\u8bf4\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\uff0c\u6709\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u3002\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u63a5\u8fc7\u8bdd\u832c\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u600e\u4e48\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\uff1f\u4f60\u6ca1\u6709\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u600e\u4e48\u884c\uff1f\u4f60\u53c8\u627f\u8ba4\u6069\u683c\u65af\uff0c\u4f60\u53c8\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u3002\u6211\u662f\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u3002\u201d[10](P215)

\u3000\u3000\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5728\u6210\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u8bb2\u8bdd\u4e2d\u8fd8\u8bf4\uff1a\u6253\u6b7b\u65af\u5927\u6797\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u6709\u5171\u9e23\uff0c\u6709\u4e2a\u4eba\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u60f3\u8ba9\u522b\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u5217\u5b81\u5728\u4e16\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u6279\u8bc4\u4ed6\u72ec\u88c1\u3002\u8bf4\uff1a\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u53ea\u4e94\u4e2a\u59d4\u5458\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5f00\u4f1a\u3002\u5217\u5b81\u56de\u7b54\u5f88\u5e72\u8106\uff1a\u4e0e\u5176\u4f60\u72ec\u88c1\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u6211\u72ec\u88c1\u597d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u63a8\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u6211\u72ec\u88c1\uff1b\u4e5f\u5f00\u70b9\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e0d\u5168\u72ec\u88c1\u5c31\u662f\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u4fe1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u90aa\uff0c\u4f60\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\uff0c\u53cd\u5230\u5929\u4e0a\u53bb\uff0c\u65e0\u975e\u60f3\u81ea\u5df1\u72ec\u88c1\u3002[10](P188)\u53cd\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u6709\u4e2a\u4eba\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u60f3\u8ba9\u522b\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u81ea\u5df1\u201d\uff0c\u6b64\u8a00\u4e00\u51fa\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u7ed9\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u4eba\u6263\u4e0a\u4e86\u4e00\u9876\u5927\u5e3d\u5b50\uff0c\u5c01\u4f4f\u4e86\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u5634\u3002

\u3000\u3000\u4e0a\u6709\u597d\u8005\uff0c\u4e0b\u5fc5\u751a\u7109\u3002\u6709\u5bf9\u53cd\u5192\u8fdb\u7684\u4e25\u5389\u6279\u8bc4\u5728\u524d\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u5bf9\u201c\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5d07\u62dc\u201d\u7684\u63d0\u5021\u5728\u540e\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u610f\u56fe\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u660e\u660e\u767d\u767d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u5927\u8dc3\u8fdb\u70ed\u6f6e\u7684\u4e34\u8fd1\uff0c\u515a\u5185\u9ad8\u5c42\u5f00\u59cb\u5408\u529b\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u5347\u6e29\u9020\u52bf\u3002

\u3000\u3000\u5728\u6210\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u9882\u626c\u4e0d\u7edd\u4e8e\u8033\u3002\u6709\u7684\u8bf4\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0e\u4e3b\u5e2d\u5dee\u4e00\u622a\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e3b\u5e2d\u6bd4\u6211\u4eec\u9ad8\u660e\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u8981\u529b\u6c42\u5728\u81ea\u89c9\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u8ddf\u4e0a\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5e72\u90e8\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u8ddf\u4e0a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u6709\u521b\u9020\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0d\u662f\u5f53\u4e0d\u5f53\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u540d\u8a89\u4e0a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u7684\u9886\u8896\u3002\u6709\u7684\u8bf4\uff1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u6bd4\u6211\u4eec\u9ad8\u660e\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u8ba4\u771f\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b66\u5230\u5462?\u5e94\u5f53\u8bf4\uff0c\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b66\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u9ad8\u5c71\u4ef0\u6b62\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e3b\u5e2d\u6709\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u96be\u4ee5\u8d76\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u50cf\u4ed6\u90a3\u6837\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u90a3\u6837\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u90a3\u6837\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u9769\u547d\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u529b\u90a3\u6837\u5f3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b66\u5230\u7684\u3002\u6709\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\uff1a\u8981\u5ba3\u4f20\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7684\u9886\u8896\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5ba3\u4f20\u548c\u5b66\u4e60\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5e72\u90e8\u8981\u4e09\u597d\uff1a\u8ddf\u597d\u3001\u5b66\u597d\u3001\u505a\u597d\u3002\u6709\u7684\u8bf4\uff1a\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5177\u6709\u56fd\u9645\u666e\u904d\u771f\u7406\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002[7](P802)\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u8c03\u5b50\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u7adf\u7136\u516c\u5f00\u58f0\u79f0\uff1a\u201c\u5bf9\u4e3b\u5e2d\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u8ff7\u4fe1\u201d\uff0c \u201c\u6211\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e3b\u5e2d\u8981\u76f8\u4fe1\u5230\u8ff7\u4fe1\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u670d\u4ece\u4e3b\u5e2d\u8981\u670d\u4ece\u5230\u76f2\u76ee\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u201d[5](P1332)

\u3000\u3000\u9004\u5148\u77e5\u3001\u91d1\u51b2\u53ca\u4e3b\u7f16\u7684\u300a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4f20\u300b\u5bf9\u6b64\u8bc4\u8bba\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u515a\u4e2d\u592e\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5982\u6b64\u96c6\u4e2d\u5730\u9882\u626c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5728\u65b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u6210\u7acb\u4ee5\u6765\u4ece\u672a\u6709\u8fc7\u7684\u3002\u201d[7](P802)

\u3000\u3000\u5728\u516b\u5927\u4e8c\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u79f0\u9882\u66f4\u52a0\u7a81\u51fa\u3002\u5468\u6069\u6765\u5728\u516b\u5927\u4e8c\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u53d1\u8a00\u68c0\u8ba8\u53cd\u5192\u8fdb\u201c\u9519\u8bef\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u4e13\u95e8\u8bb2\u4e86\u4e00\u6bb5\u201c\u5411\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u5b66\u4e60\u201d\u7684\u8bdd\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u9769\u547d\u548c\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u662f\u771f\u7406\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u79bb\u5f00\u6216\u8005\u8fdd\u80cc\u4ed6\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u548c\u6307\u793a\uff0c\u5c31\u5e38\u5e38\u8ff7\u5931\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u635f\u5bb3\u515a\u548c\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u6211\u6240\u72af\u7684\u591a\u6b21\u9519\u8bef\u5c31\u8db3\u4ee5\u8bc1\u660e\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff1b\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u505a\u5bf9\u4e86\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u548c\u505a\u5bf9\u4e86\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u53c8\u90fd\u662f\u540c\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u9886\u5bfc\u548c\u9886\u5bfc\u601d\u60f3\u5206\u4e0d\u5f00\u7684\u3002[10](P370)\u8fd8\u6709\u4e9b\u4e2d\u592e\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u62e5\u62a4\u548c\u76f8\u4fe1\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u5c31\u662f\u62e5\u62a4\u548c\u76f8\u4fe1\u771f\u7406\u201d\u3002 [7](P821)\u4e2d\u592e\u5ba3\u4f20\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u8fd8\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u7531\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5021\u5bfc\uff0c\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u5404\u5730\u5f00\u5c55\u7684\u58f0\u52bf\u6d69\u5927\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6536\u96c6\u6c11\u6b4c\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u5f00\u62d3\u4e86\u6c11\u6b4c\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u65b0\u4e16\u7eaa\u3002\u5728\u4f1a\u8bae\u53d1\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u8d5e\u9882\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u51fa\u73b0\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u201c\u5fb7\u56fd\u51fa\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u3001\u4fc4\u56fd\u51fa\u5217\u5b81\u4e00\u6837\u201d\uff1b \u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u201c\u662f\u5f53\u4ee3\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u201d\uff1b \u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u601d\u60f3\u201c\u662f\u6d3b\u7684\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\uff0c\u5b66\u9a6c\u5217\u8981\u4ee5\u201c\u5b66\u6bdb\u8457\u4e3a\u4e3b\u201d\u7b49\u3002\u4e0d\u96be\u4ece\u4e2d\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u6797\u5f6a\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u6240\u5531\u7684\u9ad8\u8c03\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u521d\u9732\u7aef\u502a\u3002

\u3000\u3000\u968f\u540e\uff0c1958\u5e74\u590f\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u5019\u8865\u59d4\u5458\u3001\u4e2d\u592e\u7406\u8bba\u5c0f\u7ec4\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u5eb7\u751f\u53c8\u63d0\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u9a6c\u5217\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u9876\u5cf0\u201d\u3002 [11](P32)\u8bf8\u5982\u6b64\u7c7b\u7684\u9882\u8bcd\u53cd\u590d\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u8c03\u5b50\u4e00\u6b21\u6bd4\u4e00\u6b21\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u6c1b\u56f4\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u515a\u5185\u9ad8\u5c42\u5f62\u6210\u5e76\u4e14\u65e5\u6e10\u6d53\u539a\u3002

\u3000\u3000\u4e09\u3001\u5f6d\u5fb7\u6000\u53cd\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u5f15\u53d1\u6bdb\u5f6d\u51b2\u7a81

\u3000\u3000\u5728\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u575a\u6301\u4e0d\u8ddf\u98ce\u7684\u662f\u5f6d\u5fb7\u6000\u3002\u82cf\u5171\u4e8c\u5341\u5927\u540e\uff0c\u5f6d\u5fb7\u6000\u5728\u4e2d\u5357\u6d77\u897f\u697c\u5f00\u4f1a\u65f6\u66fe\u7ecf\u51e0\u6b21\u63d0\u8bae\u4e0d\u8981\u5531\u300a\u4e1c\u65b9\u7ea2\u300b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8d5e\u6210\u558a\u201c\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u4e07\u5c81\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8b66\u89c9\u30021958\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u6210\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u8bb2\u5230\u515a\u5185\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u5bf9\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u5f88\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u8fd9\u201c\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u201d\u662f\u6709\u6240\u6307\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5c31\u5305\u62ec\u5f6d\u5fb7\u6000\u5728\u5185\u3002\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u8fd8\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u8c08\u5230\u8981\u51c6\u5907\u515a\u7684\u5206\u88c2\u95ee\u9898\u30025 \u670817 \u65e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u4e2d\u5171\u516b\u5927\u4e8c\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u8bb2\u8bdd\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u201c\u51c6\u5907\u6700\u540e\u707e\u96be\u201d\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u6700\u540e\u707e\u96be\uff0c\u5176\u4e00\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\uff0c\u5176\u4e8c\u662f\u515a\u641e\u5f97\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u8981\u5206\u88c2\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u8fd8\u4e0d\u662f\u5206\u88c2\u4e86\u5417\uff1f\u57285 \u670820 \u65e5\u7684\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u8bf4\uff1a\u65b0\u7684\u5206\u88c2\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u515a\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u4e00\u767e\u5e74\u540e\u8fd8\u4f1a\u6709\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u4e50\u89c2\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u6015\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u5206\u88c2\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u73b0\u8c61\u30025 \u670823 \u65e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u6709\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u9884\u6599\u5230\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u8981\u7d27\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u5171\u516b\u5c4a\u516d\u4e2d\u5168\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u515a\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u5de9\u56fa\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u5206\u88c2\u3002\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5206\u88c2\u662f\u7ecf\u5e38\u7684\uff0c\u53bb\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5168\u56fd\u6709\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u7701\u5206\uff08\u4efd\uff09\u5728\u9886\u5bfc\u96c6\u56e2\u5185\u90e8\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5206\u88c2\u3002\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u51c6\u5907\u5206\u88c2\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u51c6\u5907\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u5206\u88c2\u3002\u6709\u51c6\u5907\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5206\u88c2\u3002 [8](P212)

\u3000\u3000\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4e00\u518d\u8bb2\u515a\u5185\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5206\u88c2\u3002\u4ed6\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5728\u6000\u7591\u8c01\u5462\uff1f\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u8a00\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u5e90\u5c71\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u6279\u5224\u5f6d\u5fb7\u6000\u65f6\u8bf4\u51fa\u4e86\u7b54\u6848\uff1a\u201c\u53bb\u5e74\u516b\u5927\u4e8c\u6b21\u515a\u4ee3\u4f1a\u8bb2\u8fc7\uff0c\u51c6\u5907\u5bf9\u4ed8\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u662f\u6709\u6240\u6307\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u4f60\u3002\u201d [12](P197)\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f6d\u5fb7\u6000\u53cd\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u4e3e\u52a8\u662f\u65e9\u6709\u6212\u5fc3\u7684\u3002

\u3000\u3000\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5bf9\u5f6d\u5fb7\u6000\u5fc3\u6000\u6212\u5907\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u70b9\u540d\u6279\u8bc4\u4e86\u5f6d\u5fb7\u6000\u3002\u5728\u516b\u5c4a\u4e03\u4e2d\u5168\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u660e\u786e\u8bb2\uff1a\u6211\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u662f\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u6068\u7684\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5f6d\u5fb7\u6000\u540c\u5fd7\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u6068\u6b7b\u4e86\u6211\u7684\u3002\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u5462\uff1f\u4e0d\u6068\u6b7b\u4e86\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u82e5\u5e72\u6068\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u8bb2\uff1a\u6211\u8ddf\u5f6d\u5fb7\u6000\u540c\u5fd7\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff1a\u201c\u4eba\u4e0d\u72af\u6211\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u72af\u4eba\uff1b\u4eba\u82e5\u72af\u6211\uff0c\u6211\u5fc5\u72af\u4eba\u3002\u201d\u2026\u2026\u4f60\u4f7f\u6211\u4e0b\u4e0d\u53bb\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u4f7f\u4f60\u4e0b\u4e0d\u53bb\u3002\u5728\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u8fd8\u5386\u6570\u4e86\u4ed6\u4e0e\u5f6d\u5fb7\u6000\u8fc7\u53bb\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u3002[6](P467-470)

\u3000\u3000\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5bf9\u5f6d\u5fb7\u6000\u7684\u8b66\u544a\u548c\u6279\u8bc4\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba9\u5f6d\u5fb7\u6000\u4ece\u6b64\u7f04\u53e3\u3002\u57281959\u7684\u5e90\u5c71\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u6fc0\u8d8a\u94ff\u9535\u3001\u63b7\u5730\u6709\u58f0\u7684\u8a00\u8f9e\u4ee4\u5728\u5ea7\u7684\u4eba\u9887\u611f\u7d27\u5f20\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u5c0f\u7ec4\u4f1a\u4e0a\u51e0\u4e4e\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u53d1\u8a00\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u53d1\u8a00\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u523a\u6fc0\u6027\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u76f4\u8a00\u4e0d\u8bb3\u5730\u8bb2:\u201c\u4eba\u4eba\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u4eba\u4eba\u6709\u4e00\u4efd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u540c\u5fd7\u5728\u5185\u3002\u20181070\u2019\u662f\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u96be\u9053\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\uff01\u201d [13] (P199) \u201c\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u4e0e\u515a\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u4e2d\u7684\u5a01\u4fe1\u4e4b\u9ad8\uff0c\u662f\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u6ee5\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u5a01\u4fe1\u662f\u4e0d\u884c\u7684\u3002\u53bb\u5e74\u4e71\u4f20\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7684\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u5c11\u3002\u201d[13] (P200)\u201c\u73b0\u5728\u662f\u4e0d\u7ba1\u515a\u59d4\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e66\u8bb0\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u7b97\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e66\u8bb0\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u5c31\u4e0d\u7b97\uff0c\u4e0d\u5efa\u7acb\u96c6\u4f53\u5a01\u4fe1\uff0c\u53ea\u5efa\u7acb\u4e2a\u4eba\u5a01\u4fe1\uff0c\u662f\u5f88\u4e0d\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5371\u9669\u7684\u3002\u201d[13] (P200)\u201c\u2018\u6d6e\u5938\u98ce\u2019\u3001\u2018\u5c0f\u9ad8\u7089\u2019\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u8868\u9762\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6c11\u4e3b\u3001\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u624d\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u5f0a\u75c5\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u3002\u201d [14]

\u3000\u3000\u5f6d\u5fb7\u6000\u7ed9\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u4fe1\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u523a\u6fc0\u6027\u7684\u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u73b0\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e2d\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u7a81\u51fa\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5931\u8c03\u800c\u5f15\u8d77\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7d27\u5f20\u3002\u5c31\u5176\u6027\u8d28\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5df2\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u5de5\u519c\u4e4b\u95f4\u3001\u57ce\u5e02\u5404\u9636\u5c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u662f\u5177\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u7684\u3002\u201d \u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5904\u7406\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e2d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u603b\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u70ae\u51fb\u91d1\u95e8\u3001\u5e73\u5b9a\u897f\u85cf\u53db\u4e71\u7b49\u653f\u6cbb\u95ee\u9898\u90a3\u6837\u5f97\u5fc3\u5e94\u624b\u3002\u201d \u201c\u5c0f\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u72c2\u70ed\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5bb9\u6613\u72af\u2018\u5de6\u2019\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u201d \u201c\u7ea0\u6b63\u8fd9\u4e9b\u2018\u5de6\u2019\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u8981\u6bd4\u53cd\u6389\u53f3\u503e\u4fdd\u5b88\u601d\u60f3\u8fd8\u8981\u56f0\u96be\u4e9b\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u515a\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6240\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u7684\u3002\u201d[15](P980-981)

\u3000\u30007\u670814\u65e5\uff0c\u4fe1\u9001\u51fa\u53bb\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5f6d\u5fb7\u6000\u5bf9\u8eab\u8fb9\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u8bf4\uff0c\u4fe1\u4e2d\u6709\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u8bb2\u5f97\u8fc7\u706b\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5982\u5c0f\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u72c2\u70ed\u6027\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5199\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8bb2\u5f97\u91cd\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u523a\u4e00\u4e0b\u4e3b\u5e2d\u6709\u597d\u5904\u3002[15](P979)

\u3000\u3000\u5f6d\u5fb7\u6000\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u201c\u523a\u4e00\u4e0b\u4e3b\u5e2d\u201d\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u5462\uff1f\u76f4\u63a5\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5f6d\u5fb7\u6000\u75db\u611f\u4e8e\u5f53\u65f6\u65e0\u4eba\u6562\u4e8e\u7ad9\u51fa\u6765\u8bf4\u5b9e\u8bdd\u7684\u6c89\u95f7\u5c40\u9762\u3002\u201c\u5357\u5b81\u4f1a\u8bae\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5c31\u4e0d\u7ecf\u5e38\u53c2\u52a0\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u4ed6\u5728\u4f1a\u524d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u8ba9\u5927\u5bb6\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u4f1a\u540e\u5411\u4ed6\u6c47\u62a5\uff0c\u4ed6\u540c\u610f\u4e86\u624d\u7b97\u6570\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u91cd\u8bae\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u6309\u4ed6\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u529e\u3002\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u540c\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6210\u4e86\u4e0a\u4e0b\u7ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u201d[11](P35)\u9274\u4e8e\u201c\u4e2d\u592e\u5e38\u59d4\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f88\u597d\u5c55\u5f00\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u662f\u4e0d\u4fbf\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u662f\u4e0d\u591a\u8bf4\u8bdd\u201d [12](P100)\uff0c \u5728\u51e0\u4e4e\u65e0\u4eba\u6562\u4e8e\u6b63\u9762\u4e0e\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u6297\u4e89\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f6d\u5fb7\u6000\u89c9\u5f97\u4ed6\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u7ad9\u51fa\u6765\u201c\u4e3a\u4eba\u6c11\u9f13\u5499\u547c\u201d\u3002 \u4ed6\u4ee5\u53d1\u8a00\u548c\u4e0a\u4e66\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5bf9\u515a\u5185\u5f00\u59cb\u6ecb\u957f\u8513\u5ef6\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u4e4b\u98ce\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6279\u8bc4\u3002\u5f6d\u5fb7\u6000\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u662f\u5192\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5f88\u5927\u52c7\u6c14\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u65e2\u7136\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u53f7\u53ec\u5927\u5bb6\u505a\u201c\u6d77\u745e\u201d\uff0c\u5f6d\u5fb7\u6000\u4e5f\u4ece\u4e2d\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u9f13\u821e\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u4e66\u4fc3\u4f7f\u9886\u8896\u75db\u4e0b\u51b3\u5fc3\uff0c\u7ea0\u6b63\u9519\u8bef\u3002

\u3000\u3000\u4f46\u4ee4\u5f6d\u5fb7\u6000\u6ca1\u6709\u60f3\u5230\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8bcd\u5178\u91cc\uff0c\u6d77\u745e\u6709\u201c\u5de6\u6d3e\u6d77\u745e\u201d\u548c\u201c\u53f3\u6d3e\u6d77\u745e\u201d\u4e4b\u5206\uff0c\u5f6d\u5fb7\u6000\u6070\u6070\u5c5e\u4e8e\u540e\u8005\u3002\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4ece\u5f6d\u5fb7\u6000\u7684\u4fe1\u4e2d\u611f\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u538b\u529b\u3002\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u611f\u5230\u8fd9\u662f\u53cd\u5192\u8fdb\u4e4b\u540e\u515a\u5185\u963b\u529b\u7684\u7ee7\u7eed\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4e2a\u4eba\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u662f\u516c\u7136\u4e0e\u4ed6\u5531\u53cd\u8c03\u3002\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u628a\u5f6d\u5fb7\u6000\u7684\u4fe1\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u6311\u6218\u4e66\u201d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u5199\u4fe1\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5224\u65ad\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u91cc\u95f9\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u4eba\u8981\u97ad\u6211\u7684\u6d3b\u5c38\u3002\u201d [12](P282)

\u3000\u30007\u670822\u65e5\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u627e\u51e0\u4e2a\u4eba\u8c08\u8bdd\u3002\u67ef\u5e86\u65bd\u3001\u674e\u4e95\u6cc9\u5bf9\u5f6d\u5fb7\u6000\u7684\u4fe1\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u6ee1\u3002\u67ef\u5e86\u65bd\u8bf4\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5f88\u9700\u8981\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u51fa\u6765\u8bb2\u8bdd\uff0c\u9876\u4f4f\u8fd9\u80a1\u98ce\uff0c\u4e0d\u7136\u961f\u4f0d\u5c31\u6563\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5f6d\u5fb7\u6000\u7684\u4fe1\u662f\u5bf9\u7740\u603b\u8def\u7ebf\uff0c\u5bf9\u7740\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7684\u3002\u542c\u4e86\u67ef\u5e86\u65bd\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u8fdb\u8a00\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4e00\u591c\u6ca1\u6709\u5408\u773c\u3002\u6b21\u65e5\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u53d1\u8868\u8bb2\u8bdd\uff0c\u77db\u5934\u76f4\u6307\u5f6d\u5fb7\u6000\u7b49\u4eba\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u5f62\u52bf\u8bb2\u5f97\u4e00\u56e2\u6f06\u9ed1\uff0c\u662f\u201c\u653b\u5176\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ca\u5176\u4f59\u201d\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u52a8\u6447\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u662f\u53f3\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u201d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8bf4\u201c\u4f60\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u4e0d\u8ddf\u6211\u8d70\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u627e\u7ea2\u519b\u53bb\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u53e6\u5916\u7ec4\u7ec7\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u201d\u3002 [12](P136)\u5e90\u5c71\u987f\u65f6\u98ce\u4e91\u7a81\u53d8\uff0c\u7ea0\u201c\u5de6\u201d\u4ece\u6b64\u53d8\u4e3a\u53cd\u53f3\u3002

\u3000\u3000\u975e\u5e38\u53d1\u4eba\u6df1\u601d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u662f\uff1a\u867d\u7136\u5728\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u8bb2\u8bdd\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u540c\u610f\u5f6d\u5fb7\u6000\u7684\u4fe1\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u660e\u786e\u8bf4\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u76ee\u524d\u9700\u8981\u5f6d\u603b\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u201d [12](P107)\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u201c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c7\u670823\u65e5\u8bb2\u8bdd\u540e\uff0c\u4f1a\u8bae\u2018\u4e00\u547c\u767e\u5e94\u2019\uff0c\u5bf9\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u53d1\u52a8\u6279\u5224\u5f6d\u5fb7\u6000\u7b49\u540c\u5fd7\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e0d\u6b63\u5e38\u3001\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7ad9\u51fa\u6765\u8bf4\u53e5\u516c\u9053\u8bdd\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4ece\u4e2d\u7f13\u89e3\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u201d[5](P910)

\u3000\u3000\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f6d\u5fb7\u6000\u53cd\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u4e3e\u52a8\uff0c\u4e0e\u4f1a\u4eba\u5458\u51e0\u4e4e\u65e0\u4e00\u4f8b\u5916\u5730\u7ad9\u5728\u4e86\u6279\u5224\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u4e0a\u3002\u5218\u5c11\u5947\u6307\u8d23\u5f6d\u5fb7\u6000\u201c\u53cd\u5bf9\u5531\u300a\u4e1c\u65b9\u7ea2\u300b\u3002\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e5f\u6709\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f88\u9700\u8981\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u201d\uff0c\u8d77\u8349\u4e03\u5927\u515a\u7ae0\u65f6\u201c\u4e0d\u8d5e\u6210\u5199\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u601d\u60f3\u9886\u5bfc\u90a3\u4e00\u6761\u201d\u3002 [12](P207) \u5468\u6069\u6765\u6307\u8d23\u5f6d\u5fb7\u6000\u201c\u8981\u628a\u65e7\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u9aa8\u6c14\u5e26\u5230\u515a\u5185\uff0c\u72af\u4e0a\u4f5c\u4e71\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u9886\u8896\u89c2\u70b9\u201d\u3002 [12](P221-222)\u6709\u4e9b\u8001\u5e05\u6279\u8bc4\u5f6d\u5fb7\u6000\u201c\u6840\u9a9c\u4e0d\u9a6f\u201d\u3002\u201c\u5251\u82f1\u540c\u5fd7\u8bf4\uff1a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u540c\u5fd7\u5065\u5728\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5c06\u6765\u515a\u5185\u8c01\u7ba1\u5f97\u4e86\u4f60\u3002\u5251\u82f1\u540c\u5fd7\u8bf4\u65f6\uff0c\u90fd\u6fc0\u52a8\u5f97\u6389\u6cea\u4e86\u3002\u201d[12](P172)\u8fd8\u6709\u4eba\u5927\u6279\u5f6d\u5fb7\u6000\u6709\u201c\u9b4f\u5ef6\u7684\u53cd\u9aa8\u201d [12](P282)\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5eb7\u751f\u3001\u6797\u5f6a\u7b49\u4eba\uff0c\u51fa\u8bed\u60ca\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0a\u7eb2\u4e0a\u7ebf\uff0c\u5fc5\u6b32\u7f6e\u5f6d\u6b7b\u5730\u800c\u540e\u5feb\u3002\u5eb7\u751f\u6307\u8d23\u5f6d\u5fb7\u6000\u201c\u4ee5\u53cd\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u540c\u5fd7\u4e3a\u8363\u201d\u3002 [12](P245)\u6797\u5f6a\u8bf4\uff1a\u5f6d\u5fb7\u6000\u662f\u91ce\u5fc3\u5bb6\uff0c\u9634\u8c0b\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f2a\u541b\u5b50\uff0c\u51af\u7389\u7965\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u53ea\u6709\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u662f\u5927\u82f1\u96c4\uff0c\u8c01\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u60f3\u5f53\u82f1\u96c4\u3002 [12](P189)\u4ed6\u8bf4\u5f6d\u5fb7\u6000\u201c\u5728\u515a\u5185\u4e5f\u6709\u85d0\u89c6\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u597d\u72af\u4e0a\u201d [12](P204) \uff1b\u201c\u4ed6\u662f\u6253\u7740\u53cd\u5bf9\u2018\u5c0f\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u72c2\u70ed\u6027\u2019\u7684\u65d7\u5e1c\uff0c\u6765\u5411\u515a\u8fdb\u653b\uff0c\u5411\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u8fdb\u653b\u201d [12](P215) \uff1b\u201c\u4ed6\u91ce\u5fc3\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u60f3\u5927\u5e72\u4e00\u756a\uff0c\u7acb\u5927\u529f\uff0c\u6210\u5927\u540d\uff0c\u63e1\u5927\u6743\uff0c\u5c45\u5927\u4f4d\uff0c\u58f0\u540d\u663e\u8d6b\u3002\u6b7b\u540e\u6d41\u82b3\u767e\u4e16\u3002\u4ed6\u975e\u5e38\u56a3\u5f20\uff0c\u5934\u6602\u5f97\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u60f3\u5f53\u82f1\u96c4\uff0c\u603b\u60f3\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u82f1\u96c4\u3002\u2026\u2026\u81ea\u53e4\u4e24\u96c4\u4e0d\u80fd\u5e76\u7acb\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c31\u8981\u53cd\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u201d [12](P217)

\u3000\u3000\u5728\u4e2d\u5171\u515a\u5185\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u4e4b\u98ce\u5df2\u7ecf\u65e5\u6e10\u663e\u9732\u7684\u5f62\u52bf\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f6d\u5fb7\u6000\u633a\u8eab\u800c\u51fa\uff0c\u52c7\u6562\u5730\u5411\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u4e4b\u98ce\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u60b2\u58ee\u7684\u6297\u4e89\u3002\u65e0\u5948\u515a\u5185\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u571f\u58e4\u6df1\u539a\uff0c\u5f6d\u5fb7\u6000\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u6297\u4e89\u5b64\u638c\u96be\u9e23\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4ee5\u60b2\u5267\u6536\u573a\u3002\u5728\u8bb2\u201c\u515a\u6027\u201d\u3001\u8bb2\u201c\u5927\u5c40\u201d\u548c\u8bb2\u201c\u56e2\u7ed3\u201d\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u4e0b\uff0c\u201c\u5929\u65e0\u4e8c\u65e5\uff0c\u56fd\u65e0\u4e8c\u4e3b\u201d\u7684\u5e1d\u738b\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u5fe0\u541b\u89c2\u5ff5\u6084\u6084\u767b\u573a\u5e76\u4e14\u5360\u636e\u4e86\u7edf\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5e90\u5c71\u4f1a\u8bae\u6700\u7ec8\u6210\u4e86\u5168\u515a\u52a8\u5458\u3001\u7ef4\u62a4\u548c\u6811\u7acb\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4e2a\u4eba\u201c\u7edd\u5bf9\u6743\u5a01\u201d\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u65e0\u60c5\u5730\u5ba3\u544a\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u6076\u6027\u81a8\u80c0\u5df2\u6210\u5b9a\u5c40\u3002

\u3000\u3000\u56db\u3001\u6bdb\u5f6d\u51b2\u7a81\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u518d\u5ea6\u5347\u6e29

\u3000\u30001959\u5e74\u5e90\u5c71\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u7684\u6bdb\u5f6d\u51b2\u7a81\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6001\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9\u3002\u7f57\u65af\u00b7\u7279\u91cc\u5c14\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u5e90\u5c71\u4e0a\u5931\u6389\u7684\u662f\u515a\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u6743\u5a01\u3002\u4ece\u90a3\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u515a\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u53f0\u53d7\u63a7\u7684\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u4e0d\u590d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d85\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u5145\u6ee1\u6218\u6597\u529b\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u3002\u201d [16]\u81ea\u5ef6\u5b89\u6574\u98ce\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u9ad8\u5c42\u57fa\u672c\u662f\u56e2\u7ed3\u7684\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba11949\u5e74\u540e\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e13\u65ad\u503e\u5411\u6709\u6240\u6ecb\u957f\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f1958\u5e74\u4e0a\u534a\u5e74\u7684\u53cd\u53cd\u5192\u8fdb\u4f7f\u5f97\u515a\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6d3b\u51fa\u73b0\u4e25\u91cd\u4e0d\u6b63\u5e38\uff0c\u4f46\u50cf\u5f6d\u5fb7\u6000\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8fd9\u6837\u6b8b\u9177\u7684\u515a\u5185\u6597\u4e89\u5374\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u4ee5\u5f6d\u5fb7\u6000\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e3a\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u6743\u5a01\u65e5\u76ca\u51cc\u9a7e\u4e8e\u515a\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u6743\u5a01\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u515a\u5185\u6c11\u4e3b\u751f\u6d3b\u906d\u5230\u4e25\u91cd\u635f\u5bb3\uff0c\u201c\u6240\u8c13\u6c11\u4e3b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5236\uff0c\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u96c6\u4e2d\uff0c\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u3002\u5e90\u5c71\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u5f62\u52bf\uff0c\u8bf4\u5230\u5e95\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u6279\u8bc4\u4e0d\u5f97\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6709\u8fc7\u2018\u65e7\u6028\u2019\u7684\u4eba\u6279\u8bc4\u4e0d\u5f97\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u611f\u5230\u2018\u5168\u515a\u5171\u8bdb\u4e4b\u2019\u7684\u6c14\u52bf\u4e86\u3002\u201d [12](P369)\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5bf9\u5f6d\u5fb7\u6000\u51fa\u4eba\u610f\u6599\u7684\u53d1\u96be\u5176\u5b9e\u8d77\u5230\u201c\u6740\u4e00\u5106\u767e\u201d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4ece\u6b64\u515a\u5185\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u201c\u8ba9\u6b65\u201d\u4e60\u60ef\uff1a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u603b\u662f\u5bf9\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u6279\u8bc4\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5931\u8bef\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u9996\u5148\u80af\u5b9a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u201c\u9769\u547d\u8def\u7ebf\u201d\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u5b81\u53ef\u8ba9\u515a\u3001\u8ba9\u4e2d\u592e\u96c6\u4f53\u6765\u627f\u62c5\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6562\u8bf4\u4ed6\u8d1f\u4e3b\u8981\u9886\u5bfc\u8d23\u4efb\u3002

\u3000\u3000\u6bdb\u5f6d\u51b2\u7a81\u5bfc\u81f4\u5bf9\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u201c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u201d\u518d\u5ea6\u5347\u6e29\u3002\u5e90\u5c71\u4f1a\u8bae\u6bdb\u5f6d\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u7ed3\u5c40\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4e0e\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u4eec\u5728\u6743\u5a01\u4e0a\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u6709\u5929\u58e4\u4e4b\u522b\u3002\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5c31\u662f\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u529f\u52b3\u518d\u5927\uff0c\u5730\u4f4d\u518d\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e5f\u548c\u4e00\u822c\u5e73\u6c11\u767e\u59d3\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u662f\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u53c8\u656c\u53c8\u6015\u7684\u5d07\u62dc\u8005\u3002\u4ece\u6b64\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u6210\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u7981\u533a\uff0c\u63d0\u5021\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u5fe0\u8bda\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u3002

\u3000\u3000\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u63a5\u73ed\u4eba\uff0c\u5218\u5c11\u5947\u9996\u5148\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u575a\u5b9a\u62e5\u62a4\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u59ff\u6001\u30021959\u5e748\u670817\u65e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u4e2d\u592e\u5de5\u4f5c\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u957f\u7bc7\u8bb2\u8bdd\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8d5e\u626c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\uff0c\u9f13\u5439\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u3002\u201c\u7406\u8bba\u6743\u5a01\u201d\u5eb7\u751f\u4e0d\u7518\u843d\u540e\u30021959\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u4ed6\u516c\u5f00\u63d0\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u9a6c\u5217\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u201d[11](P32)

\u3000\u3000\u9f13\u5439\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u6700\u529b\u7684\u5f53\u5c5e\u6797\u5f6a\u3002\u4ed6\u4ece\u6bdb\u5f6d\u51b2\u7a81\u4e2d\u8ba4\u6e05\u4e86\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u665a\u5e74\u7684\u81f4\u547d\u5f31\u70b9\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u641e\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u662f\u201c\u5f97\u4e00\u4eba\u8005\u5f97\u5929\u4e0b\u201d\u3001\u8c0b\u53d6\u4e2a\u4eba\u6743\u4f4d\u7684\u6377\u5f84\u3002\u201c\u5927\u8dc3\u8fdb\u201d\u53d7\u632b\u540e\uff0c\u515a\u5185\u4e00\u7ebf\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u90fd\u5728\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u7ea0\u6b63\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u5931\u8bef\uff0c\u6797\u5f6a\u5374\u72ec\u6811\u4e00\u5e1c\uff0c\u5728\u519b\u961f\u5185\u90e8\u9996\u5148\u4e0d\u9057\u4f59\u529b\u5730\u641e\u8d77\u5bf9\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\uff0c\u7aed\u529b\u5851\u9020\u81ea\u5df1\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u601d\u60f3\u634d\u536b\u8005\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u30021959 \u5e749 \u6708\u81f310 \u6708\uff0c\u6797\u5f6a\u5728\u5168\u519b\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5e72\u90e8\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u5927\u8bb2\u9876\u5cf0\u8bba\u3002\u57281960 \u5e74\u53ec\u5f00\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u519b\u59d4\u6269\u5927\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\uff0c\u6797\u5f6a\u5ba3\u79f0\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u662f\u5f53\u4ee3\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5217\u5b81\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u5f53\u4ee3\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5217\u5b81\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u9876\u5cf0\u3002\u6797\u5f6a\u4e3b\u6301\u641e\u7684\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u52a0\u5f3a\u519b\u961f\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u51b3\u8bae\u300b\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u54cd\u4eae\u53e3\u53f7\uff1a\u201c\u8bfb\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7684\u4e66\uff0c\u542c\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u7167\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7684\u6307\u793a\u529e\u4e8b\uff0c\u505a\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7684\u597d\u6218\u58eb\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u53e5\u53e3\u53f7\u540e\u6765\u5728\u201c\u6587\u9769\u201d\u4e2d\u5927\u884c\u5176\u9053\u30021961\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u6797\u5f6a\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u540e\u6765\u5f71\u54cd\u5de8\u5927\u3001\u6d41\u4f20\u751a\u5e7f\u7684\u5b66\u6bdb\u8457\u201c21\u5b57\u65b9\u9488\u201d\uff1a\u201c\u5e26\u7740\u95ee\u9898\u5b66\uff0c\u6d3b\u5b66\u6d3b\u7528\uff0c\u5b66\u7528\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u6025\u7528\u5148\u5b66\uff0c\u7acb\u7aff\u89c1\u5f71\u3002\u201d\u201c\u80cc\u8b66\u53e5\u201d\u4e5f\u662f\u6797\u5f6a\u5728\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u521b\u9020\u3002\u4ed6\u8981\u300a\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u62a5\u300b\u5728\u62a5\u773c\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u520a\u767b\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u8bed\u5f55\u3002\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5bf9\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7bc7\u7ae0\uff0c\u8981\u53cd\u590d\u5b66\uff0c\u53cd\u590d\u7528\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u8b66\u53e5\uff0c\u8981\u719f\u8bfb\u3001\u719f\u8bb0\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u80cc\u8bf5\u51fa\u6765\u30021966\u5e74\uff0c\u6797\u5f6a\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684\u201c5\u00b718\u201d\u8bb2\u8bdd\uff0c\u6781\u529b\u9882\u626c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u548c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5927\u8bb2\u5929\u624d\uff0c\u58f0\u79f0\u201c\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u53e5\u53e5\u662f\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u4e00\u53e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u4e07\u53e5\u3002\u201d [8](P410)\u540c\u5e749 \u670818 \u65e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u8bb2\uff1a\u201c\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5929\u624d\uff0c\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u51e0\u767e\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u51e0\u5343\u5e74\u624d\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5929\u624d\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5217\u5b81\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ecf\u5178\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u4e5d\u5341\u4e5d\u5730\u5b66\u4e60\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u8457\u4f5c\u3002[8](P411)

\u3000\u3000\u5728\u6797\u5f6a\u7684\u5e26\u52a8\u4e0b\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6380\u8d77\u4e86\u8f70\u8f70\u70c8\u70c8\u7684\u9020\u795e\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u624b\u4e3e\u201c\u7ea2\u5b9d\u4e66\u201d \uff0c\u65e9\u8bf7\u793a\uff0c\u665a\u6c47\u62a5\uff0c\u5929\u5929\u8bfb\uff0c\u5531\u8bed\u5f55\u6b4c\uff0c\u505a\u8bed\u5f55\u64cd\uff0c\u8df3\u5fe0\u5b57\u821e\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u9053\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u6587\u5316\u666f\u89c2\u3002\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u7531\u6b64\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u767b\u5cf0\u9020\u6781\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002

\u3000\u3000\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6001\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u5f3a\u5316\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u6781\u4e3a\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u540e\u679c\u3002\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u6210\u4e86\u7b3c\u7f69\u7740\u795e\u5723\u5149\u73af\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u51cc\u9a7e\u4e8e\u4eba\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f17\u548c\u515a\u4e2d\u592e\u9886\u5bfc\u96c6\u4f53\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4fe8\u7136\u6210\u4e3a\u771f\u7406\u7684\u5316\u8eab\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u4ee3\u8a00\u4eba\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4e3b\u5bb0\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u5927\u6743\u3002\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u8bdd\u6210\u4e86\u8861\u91cf\u4eba\u4eec\u8a00\u8bba\u3001\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0e\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u8a00\u8bba\u76f8\u5de6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u8a00\u8bba\u90fd\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8c2c\u8bba\u3001\u4fee\u6b63\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8bf4\u6210\u662f\u53cd\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u515a\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e27\u5931\u4e86\u6709\u6548\u7ea6\u675f\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3001\u7ea0\u6b63\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u201c\u5927\u8dc3\u8fdb\u201d\u8fd0\u52a8\u5728\u51fa\u73b0\u660e\u663e\u5931\u8bef\u4e4b\u540e\u4ecd\u7136\u80fd\u5f97\u4ee5\u201c\u7ee7\u7eed\u8dc3\u8fdb\u201d,\u201c\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u5168\u5c40\u6027\u7684\u5931\u8bef\u7adf\u80fd\u6301\u7eed10\u5e74\u4e4b\u4e45,\u662f\u6700\u6709\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\u7684\u4f8b\u8bc1\u3002\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6001\u7684\u5f3a\u5316\uff0c\u8ba9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u4e3a\u4e4b\u4ed8\u51fa\u4e86\u60e8\u91cd\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002

\u3000\u3000\u7ed3\u8bed

\u3000\u3000\u80e1\u9526\u6d9b\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\u5728\u515a\u7684\u5341\u4e03\u5927\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u660e\u786e\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u6c11\u4e3b\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u751f\u547d\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6df1\u523b\u603b\u7ed3\u5386\u53f2\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6559\u8bad\u7684\u81f3\u7406\u540d\u8a00\u3002\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e13\u65ad\u7684\u4f34\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u662f\u540c\u4eba\u6c11\u6c11\u4e3b\u683c\u683c\u4e0d\u5165\u7684\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u51fa\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u8fc1\u5c31\u3001\u7eb5\u5bb9\u4e43\u81f3\u4e8e\u63d0\u5021\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u63a8\u6ce2\u52a9\u6f9c\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u8981\u4e0d\u5f97\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6001\u5ea6\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8d3b\u5bb3\u65e0\u7a77\u3002\u524d\u4e8b\u4e0d\u5fd8\uff0c\u540e\u4e8b\u4e4b\u5e08\u3002\u5728\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u628a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7279\u8272\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e8b\u4e1a\u987a\u5229\u63a8\u5411\u524d\u8fdb\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u4e4b\u5145\u6ee1\u751f\u673a\u4e0e\u6d3b\u529b\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u575a\u5b9a\u4e0d\u79fb\u5730\u63a8\u8fdb\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u6743\u529b\u76d1\u7763\u548c\u5236\u8861\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u8ba9\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u821e\u53f0\u4e0a\u6c38\u8fdc\u6d88\u5931\u3002

\u3000\u3000\uff08\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e\u300a\u6b66\u6c49\u7406\u5de5\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5\u300b2007\u5e74\u7b2c6\u671f\uff0c\u7a0d\u6709\u6539\u52a8\u3002\uff09

\u3000\u3000\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff1a

\u3000\u3000[1]\u6c88\u5fd7\u534e.\u4e2d\u5171\u516b\u5927\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u63d0\u201c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u601d\u60f3\u201d[J]. \u5386\u53f2\u6559\u5b66\uff0c2005\uff0c\uff0812\uff09\uff1a5\u201410.

\u3000\u3000[2]\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u6587\u732e\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u7f16.\u5efa\u56fd\u4ee5\u6765\u91cd\u8981\u6587\u732e\u9009\u7f16\uff08\u7b2c8\u518c\uff09[M].\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u592e\u6587\u732e\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1994.

\u3000\u3000[3]\u9093\u529b\u7fa4.\u6211\u4e3a\u5c11\u5947\u540c\u5fd7\u8bf4\u4e9b\u8bdd[M].\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1998\uff0c76-77.

\u3000\u3000[4]\u91d1\u51b2\u53ca\u4e3b\u7f16.\u5468\u6069\u6765\u4f20\uff08\u4e09\uff09[M].\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u592e\u6587\u732e\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1998\uff0c1227.

\u3000\u3000[5]\u8584\u4e00\u6ce2.\u82e5\u5e72\u91cd\u5927\u51b3\u7b56\u4e0e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u56de\u987e\uff08\u4fee\u8ba2\u672c\uff09(\u4e0b\u5377)[M].\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1997.

\u3000\u3000[6]\u674e\u9510.\u5927\u8dc3\u8fdb\u4eb2\u5386\u8bb0\uff08\u4e0b\u5377\uff09[M].\u6d77\u53e3\uff1a\u5357\u65b9\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1999.

\u3000\u3000[7]\u9004\u5148\u77e5\uff0c\u91d1\u51b2\u53ca.\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4f20\uff081949\u2014\u20141976)\uff08\u4e0a\u5377\uff09[M].\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u592e\u6587\u732e\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2003.

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